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B1 noun 9 min read

شَخصِيَّة

shakhsiyyah
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips شَخصِيَّة in 30 Seconds
Explanation شَخصِيَّة in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'shakhṣiyyah' is introduced primarily in the context of describing people and their basic identities. You will learn it as a word for 'personality' to say things like 'He has a nice personality.' It is also used in administrative contexts that a traveler might encounter, such as 'biṭāqah shakhṣiyyah' (ID card). At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex psychological theories. Focus on the fact that the word is feminine and ends in a 'ta marbuta'. You will often use it with simple adjectives like 'jamila' (beautiful/nice) or 'tayyiba' (good/kind). It helps you move beyond just saying 'He is good' to 'He has a good personality,' which sounds more natural. You might also see it in very simple stories to refer to the 'characters' like a lion or a mouse. The key is to recognize the word when you see it on forms or hear it in basic descriptions of friends and family. It is one of the first abstract nouns you will learn, helping you describe the 'internal' world of people rather than just their 'external' appearance like tall or short.
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As an A2 learner, you will start using 'shakhṣiyyah' to describe yourself and others in more detail. You will learn to use possessive pronouns with the word, such as 'shakhṣiyyati' (my personality) or 'shakhṣiyyatuhu' (his personality). You will begin to encounter the word in the context of hobbies and interests—for example, describing your favorite 'character' in a cartoon or a simple book. You will also learn that 'shakhṣiyyah' can refer to a 'famous person.' In A2 level texts, you might read about a 'shakhṣiyyah tarikhiyyah' (historical figure) like a famous king or explorer. This level also introduces the idea of 'personal' vs. 'public.' You might say 'hadha ra'y shakhṣi' (this is a personal opinion), where the adjective 'shakhṣi' is derived from 'shakhṣiyyah.' You will practice using the word in 'Idafa' (possessive) constructions, like 'shakhṣiyyat al-mudir' (the manager's personality). Understanding the distinction between the person (shakhṣ) and the personality (shakhṣiyyah) becomes more important here to avoid common translation errors from English.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'shakhṣiyyah' in a variety of social and professional contexts. You will use it to discuss character traits in job interviews, such as 'shakhṣiyyah qiyadiyya' (leadership personality) or 'shakhṣiyyah muntija' (productive personality). In literature and media studies, you will start analyzing 'shakhṣiyyat' in stories, discussing their motivations and roles (main character vs. secondary character). You will also encounter the term 'Al-Ahwal al-Shakhṣiyyah' (Personal Status) in news or social discussions regarding family laws. This level requires you to understand the nuances of the word when it refers to 'public figures' (shakhṣiyyat 'ammah). You will be able to debate whether a person's 'shakhṣiyyah' is suitable for a certain role. You will also start using more sophisticated adjectives with the word, such as 'mu'aqqadah' (complex), 'ghamidah' (mysterious), or 'munfatiḥah' (open/extroverted). Your ability to use the word in the plural ('shakhṣiyyat') to describe groups of influential people will also develop.
By B2, you should be comfortable using 'shakhṣiyyah' in academic and abstract discussions. You will encounter the word in psychology texts discussing 'nadhariyyat al-shakhṣiyyah' (personality theories) and 'tahwil al-shakhṣiyyah' (personality transformation). In literary criticism, you will analyze 'shakhṣiyyat' not just as people in a story, but as symbols or representations of social classes or philosophical ideas. You will understand the legal implications of 'shakhṣiyyah i'tibariyyah' (juridical personality/corporate personhood). You will be able to discuss 'national personality' or 'the personality of a place,' referring to the unique characteristics of a city or country. Your vocabulary will include related terms like 'tashkhis' (personification or diagnosis, depending on context). You will also be able to distinguish between 'shakhṣiyyah' and related concepts like 'huwiyyah' (identity) and 'dhat' (self) in a nuanced way. This level involves reading editorials and opinion pieces where 'shakhṣiyyah' is used to critique public figures and their impact on society.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'shakhṣiyyah' will be highly sophisticated and context-dependent. You will understand the historical evolution of the term from its classical roots to its modern psychological and legal applications. You can engage in deep philosophical debates about 'the destruction of personality' in modern society or the 'multiplicity of personality' in literature. You will recognize the word in complex legal documents, particularly those involving 'Personal Status' laws across different Arab jurisdictions. You will be able to use the word metaphorically, such as 'the personality of the era' (shakhṣiyyat al-'asr). In formal writing, you will use the word to construct complex arguments about individualism vs. collectivism. You will also be familiar with the use of 'shakhṣiyyah' in specialized fields like psychiatry (e.g., 'iḍṭirab al-shakhṣiyyah al-hadiyya' - borderline personality disorder). Your understanding of the word's morphology will allow you to see how it relates to other words like 'shakhkhasa' (to identify/diagnose/embody) and 'shakhis' (staring/fixed).
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'shakhṣiyyah' in all its registers. You can appreciate the subtle wordplay in poetry or high-level literature where 'shakhṣiyyah' might be used to contrast the ephemeral nature of the individual with the eternal nature of the soul. You can navigate the most complex legal and theological texts where the 'shakhṣ' (person) and 'shakhṣiyyah' (personality/status) of figures like prophets or historical leaders are dissected. You are able to critique the 'shakhṣiyyah' of an entire civilization or historical period in a scholarly manner. You understand the nuances of how 'shakhṣiyyah' is used in different Arabic dialects versus Modern Standard Arabic, and how it has been influenced by translations of Western philosophy and psychology. You can produce original content—whether academic papers, legal briefs, or literary works—using the word with total precision and stylistic flair. For you, 'shakhṣiyyah' is not just a word for personality, but a gateway to understanding the entire Arab conception of the individual, the role, and the essence of being.
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Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

شَخصِيَّة in 30 Seconds

  • Shakhṣiyyah means personality or character. It describes how someone acts or a role in a story.
  • It is a feminine noun derived from the word 'shakhs' meaning person. Always use feminine adjectives with it.
  • Commonly used in 'ID card' (biṭāqah shakhṣiyyah) and 'Personal Status Law' (al-ahwal al-shakhṣiyyah).
  • It can refer to famous people or public figures in news and media contexts.

The word شَخصِيَّة (shakhṣiyyah) is a versatile and essential noun in the Arabic language, deeply rooted in the concept of the individual. At its core, it refers to the 'personality' or the sum of characteristics that define a person. However, its usage extends far beyond mere psychological traits. In modern Arabic, it is the standard term for a 'character' in a play, novel, or film, as well as a 'figure' or 'personality' in the sense of a famous or influential person. Understanding this word requires looking at its root, sh-kh-S (ش-خ-ص), which originally pertained to something rising or becoming distinct and visible. In the classical sense, a shakhṣ was a physical person or a silhouette seen from a distance. The transition from the physical 'person' to the abstract 'personality' mirrors the development of modern psychological terminology in Arabic.

Psychological Context
When discussing someone's nature, 'shakhṣiyyah' describes their temperament and behavior. For example, 'shakhṣiyyah qawiyyah' means a strong personality, often implying leadership and resilience.

تَتَمَيَّزُ هَذِهِ المَرْأَةُ بِـ شَخصِيَّة جَذَّابَة جِدًّا.

In the realm of media and literature, the word is indispensable. If you are watching a movie, you would refer to the protagonist as the 'shakhṣiyyah ra'īsiyyah' (main character). This dual meaning—both the internal traits of a human and the external role played by an actor—makes it a high-frequency word in both casual conversation and academic discourse. Furthermore, in legal and administrative contexts, you will encounter 'al-ahwal al-shakhṣiyyah,' which refers to 'Personal Status Laws,' covering matters like marriage, divorce, and inheritance. This highlights the word's role in defining the legal identity of the individual within society.

Social Context
It is used to describe public figures. A 'shakhṣiyyah 'ammah' is a public figure, such as a politician or a celebrity, whose life is of interest to the general public.

هُوَ شَخصِيَّة مَعْرُوفَة فِي عَالَمِ الأَعْمَالِ.

Culturally, the concept of 'personality' in the Arab world is often tied to social standing and moral character. A person with a 'respectable personality' is one who adheres to social norms and demonstrates 'muru'ah' (chivalry/manliness). Thus, when you use this word, you are often making a value judgment about someone's standing in their community. It is a word that bridges the gap between the private self and the public persona.

Administrative Context
The term 'biṭāqah shakhṣiyyah' refers to an identity card or national ID. Here, the word emphasizes the 'individual' aspect of identity.

يَجِبُ أَنْ تَحْمِلَ شَخصِيَّة القَانُونِيَّة مَسْؤُولِيَّة أَفْعَالِهَا.

هَذِهِ الـ شَخصِيَّة الخَيَالِيَّة مُلْهِمَة لِلأَطْفَالِ.

Using 'shakhṣiyyah' correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a noun and how it functions in 'Idafa' constructions or as an adjective. Since it ends in a 'ta marbuta', it is always feminine. This means any adjective modifying it must also be feminine. For example, to say 'a strong personality,' you say 'shakhṣiyyah qawiyyah' (شخصية قوية). To say 'my personality,' you attach the possessive pronoun: 'shakhṣiyyati' (شخصيتي).

Descriptive Usage
In everyday conversation, you might describe a friend's character. 'His personality is very humble' would be 'Shakhṣiyyatuhu mutawadi'ah jiddan.'

لَدَيْهِ شَخصِيَّة قِيَادِيَّة مُنْذُ الصِّغَرِ.

When used in the plural, 'shakhṣiyyat' (شخصيات), it often refers to multiple characters or multiple famous people. In a news report about a conference, you might hear: 'Hadaral-mu'tamar shakhṣiyyat barizah' (Prominent personalities attended the conference). This usage highlights the prestige often associated with the word when applied to public figures. It is formal and respectful.

Literary Usage
When analyzing a book, you might say 'The character of the hero is complex.' In Arabic: 'Shakhṣiyyat al-baṭal mu'aqqadah.'

أُحِبُّ شَخصِيَّة شِيرْلُوك هُولْمِز لِذَكَائِهَا.

Another common sentence pattern involves the preposition 'bi' (with/by). For example, 'He is known for his personality' is 'Huwa ma'ruf bi-shakhṣiyyatihi.' This is a standard way to attribute traits to someone. In more formal writing, you might see 'shakhṣiyyah' used as an abstract concept, such as 'The development of the human personality' (taṭwir al-shakhṣiyyah al-insaniyyah). This is common in self-help and psychology books.

Administrative Usage
When filling out forms, you might see 'al-ma'lumat al-shakhṣiyyah' (personal information). Here, it acts as an adjective derived from the noun.

لا تُشَارِكْ مَعْلُومَاتِكَ الـ شَخصِيَّة مَعَ الغُرَبَاءِ.

كُلُّ شَخصِيَّة فِي الرِّوَايَةِ لَهَا دَوْرٌ مُهِمٌّ.

You will encounter 'shakhṣiyyah' in almost every facet of modern Arab life. If you turn on the news, particularly on channels like Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya, you will hear it during interviews with 'shakhṣiyyat siyasiyyah' (political personalities). Analysts often discuss the 'personality of the leader' or the 'national personality' of a country. It is a staple of political and social commentary, used to humanize or categorize large movements by focusing on individuals.

In the Media
In entertainment news, journalists talk about the 'shakhṣiyyah' of actors on and off-screen. A common question in interviews is 'How do you prepare for this character?' (Kayfa tasta'iddu li-hadhihi al-shakhṣiyyah?).

المُمَثِّلُ بَرَعَ فِي أَدَاءِ هَذِهِ الـ شَخصِيَّة.

In educational settings, particularly in psychology or sociology classes, 'shakhṣiyyah' is the technical term for 'personality.' Students learn about 'theory of personality' (nadhariyyat al-shakhṣiyyah) and 'personality disorders' (iḍṭirabat al-shakhṣiyyah). This academic usage is very precise and mirrors Western psychological frameworks. If you are reading a self-help book in Arabic, you will see chapters on 'building your personality' (bina' shakhṣiyyatik) and 'strengthening your character.'

In Literature
Book reviews in newspapers like Al-Ahram often focus on the 'shakhṣiyyat' of the novel. Critics analyze whether a character is realistic or symbolic.

نَاقَشَ النُّقَّادُ تَطَوُّرَ الـ شَخصِيَّة عَبْرَ فُصُولِ الكِتَابِ.

On social media, influencers often talk about 'personal branding,' though they might use the English term, the Arabic equivalent involves 'shakhṣiyyah' to describe their public image. You might see hashtags like #Shakhṣiyyah_Qawiyyah used in motivational posts. In daily life, parents might describe their children's developing personalities to teachers, using the word to encompass behavior, intelligence, and social skills.

Legal/Religious Context
The 'Mahkamat al-Ahwal al-Shakhṣiyyah' (Personal Status Court) is where family matters are settled. This is a very common term in legal news.

تُعْتَبَرُ قَوَانِينُ الأَحْوَالِ الـ شَخصِيَّة جُزْءاً هَامّاً مِنَ التَّشْرِيعِ.

مَنْ هِيَ شَخصِيَّة العَامِ فِي رَأْيِكَ؟

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is using 'shakhṣiyyah' when they mean a literal, physical person. In English, we might say 'He is a nice person,' but in Arabic, you should say 'Huwa shakhṣ laṭif.' If you say 'Huwa shakhṣiyyah laṭifah,' you are saying 'He is a nice personality' or 'He is a nice character,' which sounds slightly more abstract or implies he is a public figure or a fictional character. Use 'shakhṣ' for the human, and 'shakhṣiyyah' for the qualities or the role.

Gender Confusion
Remember that 'shakhṣiyyah' is feminine. Even if you are talking about a man's personality, you must use feminine adjectives to describe the personality itself. 'His personality is strong' = 'Shakhṣiyyatuhu qawiyyah' (not qawi).

خَطَأ: هُوَ شَخصِيَّة جَيِّد. صَوَاب: هُوَ شَخصِيَّة جَيِّدَة.

Another common error involves the word 'character' in the sense of a letter or symbol (like 'A', 'B', or a Chinese character). In Arabic, these are 'ḥuruf' (letters) or 'rumuz' (symbols). You cannot use 'shakhṣiyyah' to describe a character on a keyboard. This is a classic 'false friend' for English learners who translate 'character' too literally. 'Shakhṣiyyah' is strictly for human-like traits or fictional beings.

Preposition Usage
Learners often forget to use possessive suffixes correctly. To say 'my personal opinion,' you should say 'ra'yi al-shakhṣi' (using the adjective form) rather than 'ra'yi al-shakhṣiyyah'.

مِنَ النَّاحِيَةِ الـ شَخصِيَّة، أَنَا أُوَافِقُكَ.

Finally, be careful with the plural. 'Shakhṣiyyat' is the sound feminine plural. Some students try to use 'ashkhaṣ' (the plural of 'shakhṣ') to mean 'personalities.' While 'ashkhaṣ' means 'people' or 'individuals,' 'shakhṣiyyat' specifically means 'personalities' or 'characters.' If you are talking about the characters in a play, you must use 'shakhṣiyyat.' If you are talking about the people in a room, use 'ashkhaṣ.'

Contextual Appropriateness
Using 'shakhṣiyyah' for a very small child might sound a bit formal or clinical. Usually, parents use 'ṭab' ' (nature) for young children.

لَيْسَ لَدَيْهِ شَخصِيَّة مُسْتَقِلَّة بَعْدُ.

هَذِهِ مَسْأَلَةٌ شَخصِيَّة لَا أُرِيدُ التَّحَدُّثَ عَنْهَا.

While 'shakhṣiyyah' is the most common word for personality, Arabic offers several nuances depending on what aspect of a person you are describing. If you are talking about someone's innate nature or temperament, the word طَبْع (ṭab') is often used. 'Ṭab' ' implies something fixed and biological, whereas 'shakhṣiyyah' encompasses both nature and nurture, including social roles and learned behaviors.

Comparison: Shakhṣiyyah vs. Khuluq
'Shakhṣiyyah' is psychological and social. 'Khuluq' (plural: akhlaq) refers to moral character and ethics. You might have a 'strong personality' (shakhṣiyyah qawiyyah) but 'bad morals' (akhlaq sayyi'ah).

تَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الـ شَخصِيَّة القَوِيَّة وَالأَخْلَاقِ العَالِيَة.

Another alternative is هُوِيَّة (huwiyyah), which means 'identity.' While 'shakhṣiyyah' is about who you are as a person, 'huwiyyah' is about how you are identified by yourself and others (nationality, religion, etc.). In administrative contexts, they often overlap, but 'huwiyyah' is the broader philosophical and political term. For example, 'al-huwiyyah al-Arabiyyah' (Arab identity).

Comparison: Shakhṣiyyah vs. Dhat
'Dhat' (ذات) means 'self' or 'essence.' It is more philosophical. 'Self-confidence' is 'thiqah bi-dhat,' though 'thiqah bi-nafs' is more common.

لَدَيْهَا شَخصِيَّة مُسْتَقِلَّة تَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى ذَاتِهَا.

In literature, you might hear بَطَل (baṭal) for 'hero' or 'protagonist.' While every 'baṭal' is a 'shakhṣiyyah,' not every 'shakhṣiyyah' in a story is a 'baṭal.' Use 'shakhṣiyyah' when discussing the cast of characters generally, and 'baṭal' for the main star. Similarly, رَمْز (ramz) can mean a 'figure' or 'icon,' often used for historical personalities who represent an idea.

Comparison: Shakhṣiyyah vs. Kayan
'Kayan' (entity) is often used for organizations or legal entities. 'Shakhṣiyyah i'tibariyyah' is the legal term for a 'juridical person' (like a corporation).

تُعْتَبَرُ الشَّرِكَةُ شَخصِيَّة مَعْنَوِيَّة فِي القَانُونِ.

تَغَيَّرَتْ شَخصِيَّة المَدِينَةِ بَعْدَ الحَرْبِ.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The transition from 'physical object' to 'abstract personality' happened as Arabic scholars translated Greek philosophy and later European psychology, needing a word for the 'self' as perceived by others.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ʃax.sˤij.ja/
US /ʃæk.sˤi.jə/
The stress is on the third syllable 'iy'.
Rhymes With
عِلْمِيَّة (ilmiyya) عَالَمِيَّة (alamiyya) أَهَمِّيَّة (ahammiyya) وَطَنِيَّة (wataniyya) قَوْمِيَّة (qawmiyya) حُرِّيَّة (hurriyya) بَشَرِيَّة (bashariyya) فَنِّيَّة (fanniyya)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k'. It should be a rasping sound.
  • Pronouncing the emphatic 'S' (ص) as a soft 's' (س).
  • Ignoring the 'shadda' (doubling) on the 'y' (ي).
  • Pronouncing the final 'h' too strongly when it should be a soft 'a' sound (ta marbuta).
  • Flat vowel sounds instead of the deep Arabic vowels.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Easy to recognize but can be confused with 'shakhs' in fast reading.

Writing 4/5

Requires correct spelling of 'sh' and 'kh' and the 'ta marbuta'.

Speaking 5/5

Pronouncing the emphatic 'S' and the double 'y' requires practice.

Listening 3/5

Clear sound, but must distinguish from other 'sh-kh' roots.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

شخص (Person) جميل (Beautiful) قوي (Strong) كتاب (Book) أنا (I)

Learn Next

هوية (Identity) طبع (Nature) نفس (Soul/Self) مجتمع (Society) قانون (Law)

Advanced

تشخيص (Personification) اعتبارية (Juridical) اضطراب (Disorder) كاريزما (Charisma) سيكولوجية (Psychology)

Grammar to Know

Nisba Adjective formation

شخص (Person) -> شخصي (Personal)

Feminine Agreement

شخصية (Fem) + قوية (Fem)

Idafa (Possession)

شخصية البطل (Character of the hero)

Sound Feminine Plural

شخصية -> شخصيات

Possessive Suffixes

شخصيتـ+ـي (My personality)

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Examples by Level

1

أَنَا لَدَيَّ شَخصِيَّة طَيِّبَة.

I have a kind personality.

Note the feminine adjective 'tayyibah' matching 'shakhṣiyyah'.

2

هُوَ شَخصِيَّة مَشْهُورَة.

He is a famous personality.

'Mash-hurah' is feminine because it modifies 'shakhṣiyyah', even though the subject is 'huwa' (he).

3

هَذِهِ شَخصِيَّة الكِتَابِ.

This is the character of the book.

Simple Idafa construction: 'shakhṣiyyah' + 'al-kitab'.

4

أَيْنَ بِطَاقَتُكَ الشَّخصِيَّة؟

Where is your ID card?

'Al-shakhṣiyyah' acts as an adjective here.

5

أُحِبُّ شَخصِيَّةَ أُمِّي.

I love my mother's personality.

Possessive Idafa: 'personality (of) my mother'.

6

شَخصِيَّتُهُ قَوِيَّة جِدًّا.

His personality is very strong.

Suffix '-hu' means 'his'.

7

هِيَ شَخصِيَّة جَمِيلَة.

She is a beautiful personality.

Focus on inner beauty/character.

8

مَنْ هَذِهِ الشَّخصِيَّة؟

Who is this personality/character?

Using 'man' (who) for a person/character.

1

لِكُلِّ شَخصِيَّة فِي الفِيلْمِ اسْمٌ.

Every character in the movie has a name.

Using 'li-kulli' (for every).

2

شَخصِيَّتِي تَخْتَلِفُ عَنْ شَخصِيَّتِكَ.

My personality differs from your personality.

Comparing 'shakhṣiyyati' and 'shakhṣiyyatika'.

3

تَعَرَّفْتُ عَلَى شَخصِيَّاتٍ جَدِيدَةٍ.

I met new personalities/people.

Plural 'shakhṣiyyat' with feminine plural adjective 'jadidah'.

4

هَذَا سِرٌّ لِأَسْبَابٍ شَخصِيَّةٍ.

This is a secret for personal reasons.

Adjective 'shakhṣiyyah' modifying 'asbab' (reasons).

5

أُرِيدُ تَقْوِيَةَ شَخصِيَّتِي.

I want to strengthen my personality.

Verbal noun 'taqwiya' (strengthening) in Idafa.

6

هَلْ هَذِهِ الشَّخصِيَّة حَقِيقِيَّة؟

Is this character real?

'Haqiqiyyah' means real/authentic.

7

شَخصِيَّةُ المَلِكِ كَانَتْ عَادِلَةً.

The King's character was just.

Past tense with 'kanat' (was) matching feminine 'shakhṣiyyah'.

8

لا أُحِبُّ الشَّخصِيَّاتِ الضَّعِيفَةَ.

I don't like weak characters.

Plural object with 'al-' and adjective.

1

تَعْتَمِدُ الشَّخصِيَّةُ عَلَى التَّرْبِيَةِ.

Personality depends on upbringing.

Verb 'ta'tamidu' (depends) with preposition 'ala'.

2

لَدَيْهِ شَخصِيَّةٌ قِيَادِيَّةٌ مُؤَثِّرَةٌ.

He has an influential leadership personality.

Two adjectives modifying the noun.

3

تَحَدَّثَ عَنْ حَيَاتِهِ الشَّخصِيَّةِ.

He talked about his personal life.

Adjective 'al-shakhṣiyyah' modifying 'hayatihi'.

4

هَذِهِ شَخصِيَّةٌ خَيَالِيَّةٌ مِنَ الأَسَاطِيرِ.

This is a fictional character from myths.

'Khayaliyyah' means fictional/imaginary.

5

تَطَوَّرَتْ شَخصِيَّةُ البَطَلِ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ.

The hero's character developed in the novel.

Verb 'taṭawwarat' (developed) in the feminine.

6

يُعَانِي مِنِ اضْطِرَابٍ فِي الشَّخصِيَّةِ.

He suffers from a personality disorder.

Medical/psychological term 'iḍṭirab'.

7

الشَّخصِيَّةُ العَامَّةُ تَحْتَ المِجْهَرِ.

The public figure is under the microscope.

Metaphor for public scrutiny.

8

كَيْفَ تُبْنَى الشَّخصِيَّةُ السَّلِيمَةُ؟

How is a healthy personality built?

Passive verb 'tubna' (is built).

1

تَعْكِسُ مَلابِسُهُ شَخصِيَّتَهُ المَرِحَةَ.

His clothes reflect his cheerful personality.

Verb 'ta'kisu' (reflects).

2

دَرَسْنَا أَنْمَاطَ الشَّخصِيَّةِ المُخْتَلِفَةَ.

We studied different personality types.

'Anmat' is the plural of 'namat' (type/pattern).

3

الشَّخصِيَّةُ الِاعْتِبَارِيَّةُ لَهَا حُقُوقٌ.

A juridical person (legal entity) has rights.

Legal term for corporations.

4

تَتَمَيَّزُ الرِّوَايَةُ بِعُمْقِ الشَّخصِيَّاتِ.

The novel is characterized by the depth of the characters.

Preposition 'bi' + 'umq' (depth).

5

يَجِبُ احْتِرَامُ الحُرِّيَّةِ الشَّخصِيَّةِ.

Personal freedom must be respected.

Abstract concept 'al-hurriyyah al-shakhṣiyyah'.

6

كَانَ شَخصِيَّةً مِحْوَرِيَّةً فِي التَّارِيخِ.

He was a pivotal figure in history.

'Mihwariyyah' means pivotal/central.

7

تُؤَثِّرُ البِيئَةُ عَلَى تَكْوِينِ الشَّخصِيَّةِ.

The environment affects the formation of personality.

'Takwin' means formation/composition.

8

لَدَيْهِ اِزْدِوَاجٌ فِي الشَّخصِيَّةِ.

He has a split personality.

'Izdiwaj' means duality/split.

1

تَجَلَّتْ شَخصِيَّتُهُ الفَذَّةُ فِي أَزْمَةِ الحَرْبِ.

His unique/extraordinary personality was manifested in the war crisis.

'Tajallat' means manifested/became clear.

2

قَانُونُ الأَحْوَالِ الشَّخصِيَّةِ يُثِيرُ الجَدَلَ.

The Personal Status Law sparks controversy.

Specific legal term for family law.

3

هَذِهِ الشَّخصِيَّةُ تُمَثِّلُ الصِّرَاعَ النَّفْسِيَّ.

This character represents psychological conflict.

Abstract literary analysis.

4

يَسْعَى لِتَحْقِيقِ الذَّاتِ وَإِبْرَازِ الشَّخصِيَّةِ.

He seeks self-actualization and highlighting his personality.

'Ibraz' means highlighting/making prominent.

5

الشَّخصِيَّةُ القَانُونِيَّةُ لِلدَّوْلَةِ مُسْتَقِلَّةٌ.

The legal personality of the state is independent.

Political science terminology.

6

نَحْنُ أَمَامَ شَخصِيَّةٍ سِيَاسِيَّةٍ مُثِيرَةٍ لِلاهْتِمَامِ.

We are before an interesting political personality.

Formal journalistic phrasing.

7

تَمَّ تَشْخِيصُ مَلامِحِ الشَّخصِيَّةِ بِدِقَّةٍ.

The personality traits were identified with precision.

Using 'tashkhis' as identification/characterization.

8

يَذُوبُ الفَرْدُ فِي الشَّخصِيَّةِ الجَمَاعِيَّةِ.

The individual dissolves into the collective personality.

Sociological/Philosophical concept.

1

تَغَلْغَلَتْ سِمَاتُ الشَّخصِيَّةِ فِي نَسِيجِ المُجْتَمَعِ.

The personality traits permeated the fabric of society.

'Taghalghalat' means permeated/penetrated deeply.

2

تُعَدُّ الشَّخصِيَّةُ مَفْهُوماً مَرِناً فِي الفَلْسَفَةِ.

Personality is considered a flexible concept in philosophy.

Academic passive construction 'tu'addu'.

3

تَفَكَّكَتِ الشَّخصِيَّةُ تَحْتَ وَطْأَةِ التَّعْذِيبِ.

The personality disintegrated under the weight of torture.

Deep psychological/human rights context.

4

تَبْرُزُ شَخصِيَّةُ الكَاتِبِ خَلْفَ كُلِّ سَطْرٍ.

The author's personality emerges behind every line.

Literary metaphor.

5

إِنَّهَا شَخصِيَّةٌ تَارِيخِيَّةٌ عَابِرَةٌ لِلأَزْمَانِ.

It is a historical personality that transcends time.

'Abirah lil-azman' means time-transcending.

6

تَتَنَازَعُ الشَّخصِيَّةَ مَوَازِعُ شَتَّى مِنَ الرَّغْبَةِ.

Various impulses of desire contend within the personality.

Classical/High-literary style.

7

تَكَلَّسَتِ الشَّخصِيَّةُ فِي قَوَالِبَ جَامِدَةٍ.

The personality calcified into rigid molds.

Metaphor for lack of growth/flexibility.

8

أَعَادَ صِيَاغَةَ شَخصِيَّتِهِ بَعْدَ التَّجْرِبَةِ.

He reformulated his personality after the experience.

'A'ada siyaghata' means reformulated/reshaped.

Antonyms

جَماعَة عُموم

Common Collocations

شَخصِيَّة قَوِيَّة
بِطَاقَة شَخصِيَّة
شَخصِيَّة عَامَّة
الأَحْوَال الشَّخصِيَّة
شَخصِيَّة جَذَّابَة
شَخصِيَّة رَئِيسِيَّة
بِنَاء الشَّخصِيَّة
شَخصِيَّة اِعْتِبَارِيَّة
نَاحِيَة شَخصِيَّة
شَخصِيَّة خَيَالِيَّة

Common Phrases

بِصِفَةٍ شَخصِيَّةٍ

— In a personal capacity or personally. Used when giving an individual opinion.

أَتَحَدَّثُ مَعَكَ بِصِفَةٍ شَخصِيَّةٍ.

حُرِّيَّة شَخصِيَّة

— Personal freedom. A common phrase in social and political debates.

هَذِهِ حُرِّيَّةٌ شَخصِيَّةٌ لا تَتَدَخَّلْ.

مَسْأَلَة شَخصِيَّة

— A personal matter. Used to keep things private.

هَذِهِ مَسْأَلَةٌ شَخصِيَّةٌ لَنْ أُنَاقِشَهَا.

أَسْبَاب شَخصِيَّة

— Personal reasons. Often used when resigning or declining an invitation.

اِسْتَقَالَ مِنَ العَمَلِ لأَسْبَابٍ شَخصِيَّةٍ.

مُقَابَلَة شَخصِيَّة

— A personal interview (usually for a job).

لَدَيَّ مُقَابَلَةٌ شَخصِيَّةٌ غَداً.

رَأْي شَخصي

— Personal opinion. Note the masculine adjective 'shakhṣi' matching 'ra'y'.

هَذَا مُجَرَّدُ رَأْيٍ شَخصِيٍّ.

شَخصِيَّة بَارِزَة

— A prominent figure. Used for famous or important people.

حَضَرَ الحَفْلَ شَخصِيَّاتٌ بَارِزَةٌ.

مَصْلَحَة شَخصِيَّة

— Personal interest or self-interest.

يَعْمَلُ فَقَطْ لِمَصْلَحَتِهِ الشَّخصِيَّةِ.

مَعْلُومَات شَخصِيَّة

— Personal information. Common on websites and forms.

يَجِبُ حِمَايَةُ المَعْلُومَاتِ الشَّخصِيَّةِ.

صُورَة شَخصِيَّة

— A personal photo or profile picture.

قُمْتُ بِتَغْيِيرِ صُورَتِي الشَّخصِيَّةِ.

Often Confused With

شَخصِيَّة vs شَخْص (Shakhṣ)

A physical person. Use this for counting: 'Three people' (Thalathat ashkhaṣ).

شَخصِيَّة vs حَرْف (Harf)

A character in the sense of a letter (A, B, C). Never use 'shakhṣiyyah' for letters.

شَخصِيَّة vs سُمْعَة (Sum'ah)

Reputation. Personality is internal; reputation is what others think of you.

Idioms & Expressions

"شَخصِيَّة اِزْدِوَاجِيَّة"

— A dual personality or 'two-faced' nature. Used for someone who acts differently in different situations.

اِحْذَرْ مِنْهُ، فَلَدَيْهِ شَخصِيَّةٌ اِزْدِوَاجِيَّةٌ.

Neutral
"لَيْسَ لَهُ شَخصِيَّة"

— He has no personality. Used to describe someone who is weak-willed or easily influenced.

هُوَ فَقَطْ يُقَلِّدُ الآخَرِينَ، لَيْسَ لَهُ شَخصِيَّةٌ.

Informal
"فَرَضَ شَخصِيَّتَهُ"

— To impose one's personality. Used when someone makes their presence and authority felt.

اِسْتَطَاعَ القَائِدُ أَنْ يَفْرِضَ شَخصِيَّتَهُ عَلَى المَجْمُوعَةِ.

Formal
"ذَابَتْ شَخصِيَّتُهُ"

— His personality dissolved. Used when someone loses their individuality in a group or relationship.

ذَابَتْ شَخصِيَّتُهُ فِي شَخصِيَّةِ زَوْجَتِهِ.

Literary
"شَخصِيَّة مِنَ الوَرَقِ"

— A paper character. Used to describe a fictional character that lacks depth or realism.

الشَّخصِيَّاتُ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ شَخصِيَّاتٌ مِنَ الوَرَقِ.

Literary
"صَقْلُ الشَّخصِيَّةِ"

— To polish/refine the personality. Used for self-improvement and education.

السَّفَرُ يُسَاعِدُ عَلَى صَقْلِ الشَّخصِيَّةِ.

Formal
"شَخصِيَّة كَارِتُونِيَّة"

— A cartoonish personality. Used for someone who acts in an exaggerated or silly way.

يَتَصَرَّفُ كَأَنَّهُ شَخصِيَّةٌ كَارِتُونِيَّةٌ.

Informal
"اِغْتِيَال الشَّخصِيَّة"

— Character assassination. Used when someone's reputation is intentionally destroyed.

تَعَرَّضَ السِّيَاسِيُّ لِحَمْلَةِ اِغْتِيَالِ شَخصِيَّةٍ.

Formal/Political
"شَخصِيَّة مِحْوَرِيَّة"

— A pivotal character. The person around whom everything revolves.

الأُمُّ هِيَ الشَّخصِيَّةُ المِحْوَرِيَّةُ فِي الأُسْرَةِ.

Formal
"خِلافَات شَخصِيَّة"

— Personal differences/clashes. Used when people don't get along for non-professional reasons.

تَرَكَ العَمَلَ بِسَبَبِ خِلافَاتٍ شَخصِيَّةٍ.

Neutral

Easily Confused

شَخصِيَّة vs شخص

Both share the same root.

Shakhs is the human; Shakhṣiyyah is the personality or the fictional role.

هذا الشخص لديه شخصية غريبة.

شَخصِيَّة vs هوية

Both relate to identity.

Huwiyyah is identity (ID card/nationality); Shakhṣiyyah is character traits.

هويتي عربية ولكن شخصيتي عالمية.

شَخصِيَّة vs طبع

Both describe character.

Tab' is innate/biological nature; Shakhṣiyyah is broader and includes social behavior.

طبعه هادئ وهذه هي شخصيته.

شَخصِيَّة vs رمز

Both can mean a famous figure.

Ramz is a symbol/icon; Shakhṣiyyah is a general term for a figure.

هو شخصية مشهورة ورمز للحرية.

شَخصِيَّة vs ذات

Both mean 'self'.

Dhat is the essence/soul; Shakhṣiyyah is the psychological persona.

احترام الذات جزء من الشخصية.

Sentence Patterns

A1

[Subject] + [Shakhṣiyyah] + [Adjective]

أنا شخصية طيبة.

A2

[Shakhṣiyyah] + [Possessive Suffix] + [Adjective]

شخصيتك جميلة.

B1

لديـ + [Suffix] + شخصية + [Adjective]

لديه شخصية قوية.

B2

تعتبر + [Shakhṣiyyah] + [Adjective]

تعتبر شخصية مشهورة.

C1

من الناحية + [Adjective form]

من الناحية الشخصية.

C2

تجسد هذه + [Shakhṣiyyah] + [Concept]

تجسد هذه الشخصية الصراع.

B1

بناء + [Shakhṣiyyah]

بناء الشخصية مهم.

A2

البطاقة + [Shakhṣiyyah]

أين البطاقة الشخصية؟

Word Family

Nouns

شَخْص (Person)
تَشْخِيص (Diagnosis/Personification)
شُخُوص (Staring/Presence)

Verbs

شَخَّصَ (To identify/diagnose/embody)
شَخَصَ (To stare/rise)

Adjectives

شَخْصِيّ (Personal)
مُشَخَّص (Personified/Identified)

Related

إِنْسَان (Human)
فَرْد (Individual)
هُوِيَّة (Identity)
طَبْع (Nature)
خُلُق (Morals)
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How to Use It

frequency

Extremely common in all registers.

Common Mistakes
  • Using 'shakhṣiyyah' to count people. → Use 'ashkhaṣ' (plural of shakhs).

    You say 'three people' (thalathat ashkhaṣ), not 'three personalities'.

  • Using masculine adjectives with 'shakhṣiyyah'. → Use feminine adjectives.

    Even if the person is a man, the word 'shakhṣiyyah' is feminine.

  • Using 'shakhṣiyyah' for letters of the alphabet. → Use 'harf'.

    This is a direct translation error from the English word 'character'.

  • Confusing 'shakhṣiyyah' with 'huwiyyah'. → Use 'huwiyyah' for identity/nationality.

    Personality (shakhṣiyyah) is about traits; identity (huwiyyah) is about who you are.

  • Omitting the shadda on the 'y'. → Pronounce it as 'shakhṣiy-yah'.

    The doubling of the 'y' is essential for correct pronunciation and meaning.

Tips

Gender Consistency

Always keep adjectives feminine when they modify 'shakhṣiyyah', even if the person is male.

Root Learning

Learn the root Sh-Kh-S to understand related words like 'shakhs' (person) and 'tashkhis' (diagnosis).

Public Figures

Use 'shakhṣiyyah 'ammah' when talking about politicians or celebrities in a formal way.

Family Law

Remember 'Al-Ahwal al-Shakhṣiyyah' if you are reading news about society or law.

Storytelling

Use 'shakhṣiyyah ra'isiyyah' to describe the protagonist of any story you read.

Complimenting

Saying someone has a 'shakhṣiyyah qawiyyah' is a high compliment in many Arab cultures.

The Shadda

Don't forget the double 'y' sound at the end; it's 'iy-yah', not just 'iya'.

ID Cards

When filling forms, look for 'Al-Biṭāqah al-Shakhṣiyyah' for your ID number.

Self-Help

Many Arabic self-help books use 'bina' al-shakhṣiyyah' (building personality) as a title.

Weak Character

In many dialects, saying 'ma 'indush shakhṣiyyah' is a common way to call someone a pushover.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'Shakh' (Sheikh) with a big 'Personality' (Shakh-siyyah). The 'iyyah' ending makes it abstract and feminine.

Visual Association

Imagine a person standing in front of a mirror, but the reflection is a superhero. The mirror shows their 'shakhṣiyyah'.

Word Web

Person (شخص) Personal (شخصي) ID Card (بطاقة شخصية) Character (شخصية روائية) Personality (شخصية الإنسان) Personally (شخصيا) Diagnosis (تشخيص) Public Figure (شخصية عامة)

Challenge

Try to describe three different 'shakhṣiyyat' from your favorite TV show using three different adjectives today.

Word Origin

From the Arabic root ش-خ-ص (sh-kh-S). In Classical Arabic, 'shakhṣ' referred to any physical body or object that is raised and visible from a distance.

Original meaning: A physical stature or silhouette. It later evolved to mean a human being as a distinct entity.

Semitic (Arabic).

Cultural Context

When discussing 'Personal Status Laws,' be aware that these are sensitive religious and political topics in the Middle East.

English speakers often use 'character' for both personality and fictional roles; Arabic uses 'shakhṣiyyah' for both, making it a very direct translation.

The book 'Shakhṣiyyat Misr' (The Personality of Egypt) by Milad Hanna. The 'Personal Status' courts in various Arab countries. Famous 'shakhṣiyyat' in Ramadan TV series (Musalsalat).

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Describing a friend

  • شخصيته مرحة
  • شخصية محبوبة
  • شخصية هادئة
  • أحب شخصيته

In a job interview

  • شخصية قيادية
  • تطوير الشخصية
  • مهارات شخصية
  • مقابلة شخصية

Watching a movie

  • الشخصية الرئيسية
  • أداء الشخصية
  • شخصية شريرة
  • تطور الشخصية

At the police station/bank

  • البطاقة الشخصية
  • معلومات شخصية
  • صورة شخصية
  • إثبات شخصية

Reading the news

  • شخصية عامة
  • شخصيات سياسية
  • اغتيال شخصية
  • الأحوال الشخصية

Conversation Starters

"مَنْ هِيَ أَكْثَرُ شَخصِيَّةٍ تُؤَثِّرُ فِيكَ؟ (Who is the character/personality that influences you the most?)"

"هَلْ تَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّ الشَّخصِيَّةَ تَتَغَيَّرُ مَعَ الوَقْتِ؟ (Do you think personality changes with time?)"

"مَا هِيَ صِفَاتُ الشَّخصِيَّةِ النَّاجِحَةِ فِي رَأْيِكَ؟ (What are the traits of a successful personality in your opinion?)"

"مَنْ هِيَ شَخصِيَّتُكَ التَّارِيخِيَّةُ المُفَضَّلَةُ؟ (Who is your favorite historical figure?)"

"هَلْ تُحِبُّ الشَّخصِيَّاتِ الغَامِضَةَ فِي الرِّوَايَاتِ؟ (Do you like mysterious characters in novels?)"

Journal Prompts

اُكْتُبْ عَنْ شَخصِيَّتِكَ وَكَيْفَ تَطَوَّرَتْ فِي السَّنَوَاتِ الأَخِيرَةِ. (Write about your personality and how it developed in recent years.)

صِفْ شَخصِيَّةً خَيَالِيَّةً تَتَمَنَّى أَنْ تَقَابَلَهَا. (Describe a fictional character you wish to meet.)

هَلْ تُفَضِّلُ الشَّخصِيَّةَ القَوِيَّةَ أَمِ الشَّخصِيَّةَ الهَادِئَةَ؟ وَلِمَاذَا؟ (Do you prefer a strong personality or a quiet one? Why?)

تَحَدَّثْ عَنْ شَخصِيَّةٍ عَامَّةٍ تَحْتَرِمُهَا كَثِيراً. (Talk about a public figure you respect a lot.)

كَيْفَ تُؤَثِّرُ التِّكْنُولُوجْيَا عَلَى شَخصِيَّةِ الأَطْفَالِ؟ (How does technology affect children's personalities?)

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Mostly, but in literature, animals or even personified objects can be called 'shakhṣiyyat' if they have human traits.

Yes, but the word itself remains feminine. You say 'Huwa shakhṣiyyah qawiyyah' (He is a strong personality).

The plural is 'shakhṣiyyat' (شخصيات).

You use the adjective form: 'ra'y shakhṣi' (رأي شخصي).

Yes, 'shakhṣiyyah mash-hurah' is a common way to say celebrity.

It refers to 'Personal Status' laws, which are family laws (marriage, divorce, etc.).

The verb 'shakhkhasa' means to identify or diagnose something, or to personify.

No, use the word 'harf' (حرف) for that.

Yes, it is used in almost all Arabic dialects with the same meaning.

It is a legal term for a 'juridical person' like a company or institution.

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Test Yourself 200 questions

writing

Write a sentence using 'شخصية قوية'.

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writing

Describe your favorite movie character using 'شخصية'.

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writing

Explain the difference between 'شخص' and 'شخصية'.

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writing

Write a sentence about your ID card.

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writing

Use 'بصفة شخصية' in a sentence.

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writing

Describe a public figure you admire.

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writing

Write about the importance of personality development.

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writing

Use 'شخصية خيالية' in a sentence.

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writing

Write a short paragraph about 'Personal Freedom'.

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writing

Use 'شخصية قيادية' to describe a manager.

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writing

Translate: 'I have a cheerful personality.'

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writing

Translate: 'This is a personal matter.'

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writing

Write a dialogue sentence for a job interview using 'مقابلة شخصية'.

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writing

Use 'شخصية بارزة' in a news-style sentence.

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writing

Describe a mysterious character.

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writing

Use 'شخصية اعتبارية' in a legal sentence.

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writing

Write a sentence about 'Personal Status Law'.

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writing

Use 'اغتيال الشخصية' in a political context.

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writing

Describe a child's personality.

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writing

Translate: 'His personality changed after the trip.'

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speaking

Say 'Strong personality' in Arabic.

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speaking

Say 'My personal opinion' in Arabic.

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speaking

Ask 'Where is your ID card?'

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speaking

Say 'He is a famous person.'

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speaking

Say 'I have a job interview.'

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speaking

Say 'This is a personal matter.'

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speaking

Describe your friend's personality.

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speaking

Say 'Personally, I agree.'

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speaking

Say 'Character development' in Arabic.

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speaking

Say 'Public figure' in Arabic.

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speaking

Ask 'Who is the main character?'

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speaking

Say 'Personal freedom is important.'

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speaking

Say 'His personality is mysterious.'

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speaking

Say 'I like your personality.'

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speaking

Say 'Historical figure' in Arabic.

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speaking

Say 'She has a leadership personality.'

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speaking

Say 'Personal information' in Arabic.

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speaking

Say 'Refining the personality' in Arabic.

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speaking

Say 'Juridical person' in Arabic.

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speaking

Say 'Personality of the year' in Arabic.

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listening

Listen for the word 'شخصية'. Does it end in 'a' or 'i' sound?

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listening

Listen to 'شخصية قوية'. Which word is the adjective?

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listening

Listen to 'بطاقتي الشخصية'. Is it 'my card' or 'your card'?

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listening

Listen to 'شخصيات'. Is this singular or plural?

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listening

Listen for the 'S' sound in 'shakhṣiyyah'. Is it soft or emphatic?

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listening

Listen to 'رأيي الشخصي'. Does 'shakhṣi' sound like a noun or adjective?

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listening

Listen to 'الأحوال الشخصية'. How many words are there?

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listening

Listen for the 'kh' sound. Is it like 'k' or a rasping sound?

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listening

Listen to 'شخصيته'. Who does it refer to?

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listening

Listen to 'شخصيتها'. Who does it refer to?

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listening

Listen to 'شخصيتنا'. Who does it refer to?

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listening

Listen to 'اغتيال الشخصية'. Does it sound formal or informal?

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listening

Listen to 'شخصية مرحة'. Is the personality happy or sad?

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listening

Listen to 'شخصية غامضة'. Is the character clear or mysterious?

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listening

Listen to 'شخصياً'. What is the suffix sound?

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/ 200 correct

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