B2 Gerunds & Infinitives 11 min read Hard

Verbs with Changing Meaning (Gerund vs Infinitive)

Mastering these forms prevents hilarious misunderstandings and sharpens your English precision.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Some English verbs change their meaning entirely depending on whether you follow them with an '-ing' form or a 'to' form.

  • Use '-ing' for memories or past actions: 'I remember meeting her' (Rule 1: Past/Memory).
  • Use 'to' for duties or future tasks: 'I remembered to meet her' (Rule 2: Future/Duty).
  • Use '-ing' to stop an action; use 'to' to stop for a purpose (Rule 3: Cessation vs. Purpose).
Verb + 🧠 (-ing = Memory) vs. Verb + 🎯 (to... = Goal)

Overview

Some words change meaning. This happens with '-ing' or 'to'.

This change is big. It changes what you mean.

'-ing' is for things you did. 'To' is for future goals.

How This Grammar Works

Is the action a thing or a goal?
Using '-ing': The action is like a thing.
Use '-ing' for a habit or memory. It looks back.
'I remember meeting him' is a memory you have now.
  • Think of the gerund as focusing on the action itself: its reality, its occurrence, or the experience of it.
  • Temporal Focus: Often relates to actions that are past, ongoing, or habitual.
Using 'to': The action is a goal.
'To' looks forward. It shows your plan or next step.
'I stopped to talk' means you stopped for a reason.
  • Think of the infinitive as directional: it points from the main verb toward a goal, purpose, or subsequent event.
  • Temporal Focus: Almost always relates to actions that are future, intended, or hypothetical relative to the main verb.
One word can have two meanings. Change the ending to choose.

Formation Pattern

1
The rules are easy. You just need the right meaning.
2
1. Verb + Gerund
3
This way shows the action as a memory or thing.
4
Word + word ending in '-ing'.
5
Example: She regrets leaving. (The action of leaving is the thing she feels sorry about.)
6
2. Verb + Infinitive
7
This way shows the action as a plan or goal.
8
Word + to + word.
9
Example: She wanted to leave. (The action of to leave is her goal.)
10
Comparative Pattern Breakdown
11
Table of word rules.
12
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
13
Word + '-ing'. 'I tried calling.' You did it to test.
14
Word + 'to'. 'I tried to call.' You tried hard.

When To Use It

Learn these common words. The meaning is very important.
1. Stop
  • Stop + gerund: To cease an activity or habit. The action in the gerund is the one that ends.
  • He stopped drinking coffee a year ago for health reasons.
  • Can you please stop making that noise?
  • Stop + infinitive: To pause one action in order to do another. The infinitive is the purpose for pausing.
  • We were driving for hours, so we stopped to stretch our legs.
  • She stopped to look at a map because she was lost.
2. Remember
  • Remember + gerund: To recall a past event; to have a memory of something.
  • I remember seeing that movie, but I don't recall the ending.
  • Do you remember locking the door when we left?
  • Remember + infinitive: To not forget to perform a future task or duty.
  • Please remember to send the invoice by Friday.
  • I remembered to buy milk on the way home.
3. Forget
  • Forget + gerund: To lose the memory of a past event. Often used in the negative to mean something is unforgettable.
  • I'll never forget watching the sunrise from that mountain.
  • He had clearly forgotten ever promising to help us.
  • Forget + infinitive: To fail to perform an intended or required action.
  • I'm so sorry, I forgot to call you back yesterday.
  • She ran back to the house because she forgot to turn off the oven.
4. Try
  • Try + gerund: To experiment with an action as a possible solution. Think: testing a method.
  • My phone is frozen. I've tried restarting it, but it didn't work.
  • If you can't sleep, try drinking some chamomile tea.
  • Try + infinitive: To make an effort to do something difficult. Think: attempting a challenge.
  • The firefighters tried to save the building, but the fire was too intense.
  • I'm trying to learn Japanese, but the grammar is very challenging.
5. Regret
  • Regret + gerund: To feel sorry about a past action.
  • I immediately regretted sending that angry email.
  • She regrets not studying harder for her final exams.
  • Regret + infinitive: To formally announce bad news. This is common in official or polite contexts.
  • We regret to inform you that your flight has been cancelled.
  • The CEO regrets to announce the closure of the factory.
6. Go on
  • Go on + gerund: To continue the same action.
  • The speaker paused for a sip of water and then went on talking.
  • Please don't let me interrupt you; go on reading.
  • Go on + infinitive: To finish one action and start a new, different one. It implies a progression.
  • After her MBA, she went on to found her own successful company.
  • He started by explaining the history, then went on to analyze the results.
7. Need
  • Need + gerund: To indicate that something requires an action, often with a passive meaning. The subject is the thing that needs the action done to it.
  • The car is filthy. It really needs washing. (Meaning: It needs to be washed.)
  • This report needs checking before we send it. (Meaning: It needs to be checked.)
  • Need + infinitive: To state that the subject is required to perform an action. This is an active construction.
  • I need to wash the car today. (I am the one who must do the washing.)
  • You need to check this report carefully. (You are the one who must do the checking.)
8. Mean
  • Mean + gerund: To involve or signify a consequence. It describes what something results in.
  • Taking this job means relocating to another country.
  • If we want to catch the 8 AM train, it means leaving the house by 7.
  • Mean + infinitive: To intend or plan to do something.
  • I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
  • I meant to finish this yesterday, but I ran out of time.

Common Mistakes

Errors happen when you use the wrong meaning. It sounds wrong.
  1. 1Confusing stop for purpose and cessation. This is the classic error. A learner might say I stopped to smoke last year when they want to express that they quit the habit. This sentence actually means they paused an activity (like walking) for the purpose of smoking last year. The correct sentence for quitting a habit is I stopped smoking last year.
  1. 1Mixing up remember/forget for memories and tasks. A common mistake is saying I forgot seeing my dentist when the intended meaning is I forgot to see my dentist. The first sentence implies you have lost the memory of a visit that happened. The second, and usually correct, sentence means you failed to perform the task of attending the appointment.
  1. 1Using try + gerund for effort. When facing a difficult task, a learner might say I tried opening the window, but it was stuck. While understandable, this technically frames the action as an experiment (as if you were testing the window). The more precise phrasing to convey effort is I tried to open the window. The distinction is subtle but marks a more advanced speaker.
  1. 1Overlooking the passive meaning of need + gerund. Saying This shirt needs to iron is incorrect. The shirt cannot perform the action. Because the shirt is the object receiving the action, the passive-like gerund form is required: This shirt needs ironing. Alternatively, the full passive infinitive works: This shirt needs to be ironed.

Real Conversations

Notice how these patterns appear constantly in authentic, everyday English.

- Work Slack Channel:

A

Alex

"Hi team, I regret to announce that the client presentation has been pushed to Monday. I meant to tell you all yesterday, but I forgot to hit 'send' on the email!*"

(Formal news delivery with regret + infinitive; intention with mean + infinitive; failed task with forget + infinitive.)

- Casual Text Exchange:

S

Sam

"My laptop is so slow. I already tried restarting it. Guess I'll have to try to get it fixed this weekend.*"

(Experimenting with a solution using try + gerund; making an effort with try + infinitive.)

- Planning a Trip:

M

Maria

"Did you remember to book the hotel?*"
L

Leo

"Yes, I remember doing it last Tuesday. I can forward you the confirmation.*"

(Asking about a future task with remember + infinitive; recalling a past event with remember + gerund.)

- Discussing Career Goals:

C

Chen

"After I finish this certification, I think I'll go on to specialize in data security. It means taking more advanced courses, but I think it's worth it.*"

(Progression to a new stage with go on + infinitive; consequence with mean + gerund.)

Quick FAQ

  • Q: What is the single most important difference between using a gerund and an infinitive here?
  • A: The gerund treats the action as an experience, memory, or general activity (often looking backward). The infinitive frames the action as a purpose, goal, or future task (often looking forward).
  • Q: Do verbs like like, love, hate follow this same pattern of changing meaning?
  • A: No. For those verbs of preference, the choice between a gerund and an infinitive is a very subtle stylistic nuance, not a major change in meaning. I like swimming (general enjoyment) is nearly identical to I like to swim (general preference). The core meaning of liking does not change.
  • Q: Will people misunderstand me if I make a mistake?
  • A: Sometimes context will save you, but often it can lead to genuine confusion. Saying I stopped to live in London is nonsensical. It hinders clarity and, at the B2 level, signals that you haven't yet mastered this key structure. Precision here is a hallmark of advanced fluency.
  • Q: What's the best mnemonic for remember and forget?
  • A: Think of it this way:
  • Gerund (-ing): The action is in the past. You are talking about a memory of doing it.
  • Infinitive (to do): The action is in the future. You are talking about a task you need to do.
  • Q: Why does English have this complicated rule?
  • A: This feature developed over centuries to allow for greater precision and conciseness. By using these non-finite verb forms, English can pack complex information about time, intention, and reality into a single, efficient clause. It reflects the language's tendency to use grammatical structures to carry subtle layers of meaning.

Core Meaning-Shift Verbs

Verb Followed by Gerund (-ing) Followed by Infinitive (to...)
Remember
Recall a past memory
Perform a required task
Forget
Lose a memory of the past
Fail to perform a task
Stop
End an ongoing action
Pause to start a new action
Try
Experiment with a method
Make a difficult effort
Regret
Feel sorry about the past
Give bad news (formal)
Mean
Involve or result in
Intend to do something
Go on
Continue the same action
Move to a new action

Meanings

A specific group of English verbs (like remember, forget, stop, try, and regret) that can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, but the choice changes the sentence's meaning.

1

Retrospective vs. Prospective

Using the gerund to refer to a past experience and the infinitive to refer to a task that needs to be done.

“I'll never forget traveling through Asia.”

“Don't forget to lock the door when you leave.”

2

Cessation vs. Purpose

Using the gerund to indicate an action has ended, and the infinitive to indicate why you paused another action.

“It started raining, so we stopped playing tennis.”

“We were driving for hours, so we stopped to stretch our legs.”

3

Experiment vs. Effort

Using the gerund for trying a new method/experiment and the infinitive for making a difficult physical or mental effort.

“If you can't sleep, try drinking some warm milk.”

“I tried to open the window, but it was stuck shut.”

4

Past Regret vs. Formal Announcement

Using the gerund to feel sorry about a past action and the infinitive to politely deliver bad news.

“I regret telling him my secret; he told everyone.”

“We regret to inform you that your application was unsuccessful.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Verbs with Changing Meaning (Gerund vs Infinitive)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative (Gerund)
Subject + Verb + V-ing
I stopped drinking coffee.
Affirmative (Infinitive)
Subject + Verb + to + V
I stopped to drink coffee.
Negative (Gerund)
Subject + auxiliary + not + Verb + V-ing
I didn't remember meeting him.
Negative (Infinitive)
Subject + auxiliary + not + Verb + to + V
I didn't remember to meet him.
Question (Gerund)
Auxiliary + Subject + Verb + V-ing?
Do you regret quitting?
Question (Infinitive)
Auxiliary + Subject + Verb + to + V?
Did you try to call her?
Continuous (Gerund)
Subject + be + Verbing + V-ing
I am trying eating less sugar.
Continuous (Infinitive)
Subject + be + Verbing + to + V
I am trying to eat less sugar.

Formality Spectrum

Formal
We regret to inform you that your position has been eliminated.

We regret to inform you that your position has been eliminated. (Employment)

Neutral
I'm sorry to tell you that you didn't get the job.

I'm sorry to tell you that you didn't get the job. (Employment)

Informal
I hate to say it, but you're fired.

I hate to say it, but you're fired. (Employment)

Slang
Sorry, man, you're out.

Sorry, man, you're out. (Employment)

The Time-Line of Meaning

Gerund (-ing)
Past/Process I remember visiting Paris (The visit happened first).
Infinitive (to...)
Future/Goal I remembered to visit Paris (The memory happened first).

The 'Stop' Decision Tree

1

Are you ending the action?

YES
Use -ing (Stop smoking)
NO
Go to next question
2

Are you pausing for a reason?

YES
Use to... (Stop to smoke)
NO
Check context
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Examples by Level

1

Stop talking, please.

2

I remember to do my homework.

3

Try to run fast!

4

I like to eat apples.

1

I remembered to lock the door.

2

I remember locking the door.

3

He stopped to buy a newspaper.

4

He stopped buying newspapers.

1

I tried to open the jar, but it was too tight.

2

Try using a cloth to get a better grip on the jar.

3

I regret telling him the truth.

4

We regret to say that the flight is delayed.

1

If we take the train, it will mean getting up at 5 AM.

2

I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.

3

The professor went on to discuss the next chapter.

4

The baby went on crying for hours.

1

I dread to think what would have happened if we hadn't arrived.

2

I'm dreading going to the dentist tomorrow.

3

He proposed to change the entire system.

4

The project proposes changing the way we store data.

1

I don't regret having spent so much time on this research.

2

One should never forget to acknowledge one's sources.

3

The witness went on to describe the suspect in detail.

4

She tried to explain, but he wouldn't listen.

Easily Confused

Verbs with Changing Meaning (Gerund vs Infinitive) vs Verbs of Liking (Like/Love/Hate)

Learners think these also change meaning significantly.

Verbs with Changing Meaning (Gerund vs Infinitive) vs Stop vs. Quit

Learners use 'stop to' when they mean 'quit'.

Common Mistakes

✗

I stop to smoke.

✓

I stopped smoking.

Using 'to' implies you paused to have a cigarette, not that you quit.
✗

I must remember calling him.

✓

I must remember to call him.

You use 'to' for future tasks.
✗

Try to add salt to the soup.

✓

Try adding salt to the soup.

If it's a suggestion/experiment, use -ing. 'Try to' implies the salt is hard to reach.
✗

He went on talking about the next topic.

✓

He went on to talk about the next topic.

Use 'to' when switching to a new action in a sequence.

Sentence Patterns

I'll never forget ___ (verb-ing) ___ (place/event).

Please remember to ___ (verb) ___ (object).

Real World Usage

Job Interview common

I tried to implement a new system at my last job.

Texting constant

Don't forget to pick up bread!

Social Media very common

I'll never forget meeting my idol!

Travel common

We stopped to take photos of the sunset.

Doctor's Office occasional

Have you tried exercising more?

Customer Support very common

We regret to inform you that your order is delayed.

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💡

The Memory Test

If the action happened in the past, use -ing. If the action is a task for the future, use 'to'.
⚠️

Stop vs. Stop to

Never say 'I stopped to work' if you mean you are now unemployed. That means you paused your life to go to work!
🎯

Try + -ing for Advice

When giving advice, 'Try -ing' sounds more like a helpful suggestion (e.g., 'Try drinking tea').
💬

Formal Regrets

In emails, 'I regret to say' is the standard way to be professional but firm.

Smart Tips

Ask yourself: 'Did they quit or did they pause?'

I stopped to eat junk food. → I stopped eating junk food.

Use 'regret to inform' instead of 'I'm sorry but...'

I'm sorry to say your order is late. → We regret to inform you that your order is delayed.

Pronunciation

/rɪˈmɛmbərd tə/

Stress on the main verb

The meaning-shift verb usually carries the primary stress to emphasize the intent (e.g., 'I RE-membered to...').

Rising-Falling

I tried to ↗ CALL ↘ him.

Emphasizes the failed effort.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

ING is for the thING you did; TO is for the task TO do.

Visual Association

Imagine a rearview mirror for '-ing' (looking at the past) and a windshield for 'to' (looking at the road ahead).

Rhyme

With 'stop' and 'try' and 'remember' too, the meaning changes with what you do. -ing for the past, 'to' for the new.

Story

I remembered to bring my camera to the party. While there, I remember taking a photo of the cake. I tried to eat it all, but it was too big, so I tried sharing it with friends instead.

Word Web

RememberForgetStopTryRegretMeanGo on

Challenge

Write two sentences for 'stop', 'try', and 'remember'—one with a gerund and one with an infinitive—describing your morning routine.

Cultural Notes

In the UK, 'try and [verb]' is very common in speech (e.g., 'Try and open it'), though 'try to' is preferred in writing.

US speakers are more likely to use 'stop by' or 'stop in' with an infinitive for casual visits.

The phrase 'regret to inform' is a standard 'polite' buffer in formal rejection letters globally.

The gerund (-ing) comes from Old English '-ung', while the infinitive (to...) comes from the dative form of the verbal noun.

Conversation Starters

“

What is something you'll never forget doing on your last vacation?

“

Have you ever tried to learn a skill that was too difficult?

Journal Prompts

Describe a habit you stopped doing and why.
Write about a time you regretted saying something.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

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Test Yourself

Choose the correct form based on the context. Multiple Choice

I remember ___ (lock) the door, but I should check again.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: locking
This is a memory of a past action.
Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'smoke'.

He was out of breath because he hadn't stopped ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: smoking
He hasn't quit the habit.
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

We stopped to buy some gas because the tank was empty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No error
Stopping for a purpose (to buy gas) is correct.
Rewrite the sentence using 'try'. Sentence Transformation

Make an effort to open the window.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Try to open the window.
'Try to' indicates effort.
Is this rule correct? True False Rule

'Regret to inform' is used for past mistakes.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is used for formal announcements of bad news.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: I have a headache. B: Have you tried ___ an aspirin?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: taking
This is a suggestion/experiment.
Which verb means 'intend'? Grammar Sorting

I ___ to help you.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mean
'Mean to' indicates intention.
Match the meaning to the sentence. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I didn't do the task.
'Forget to' means the task was not performed.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Choose the correct form based on the context. Multiple Choice

I remember ___ (lock) the door, but I should check again.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: locking
This is a memory of a past action.
Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'smoke'.

He was out of breath because he hadn't stopped ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: smoking
He hasn't quit the habit.
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

We stopped to buy some gas because the tank was empty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No error
Stopping for a purpose (to buy gas) is correct.
Rewrite the sentence using 'try'. Sentence Transformation

Make an effort to open the window.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Try to open the window.
'Try to' indicates effort.
Is this rule correct? True False Rule

'Regret to inform' is used for past mistakes.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is used for formal announcements of bad news.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: I have a headache. B: Have you tried ___ an aspirin?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: taking
This is a suggestion/experiment.
Which verb means 'intend'? Grammar Sorting

I ___ to help you.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mean
'Mean to' indicates intention.
Match the meaning to the sentence. Match Pairs

I forgot to meet him.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I didn't do the task.
'Forget to' means the task was not performed.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Choose the correct form to complete the sentence. Fill in the Blank

Don't forget ___ (buy) bread on your way home!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to buy
Identify and correct the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

I'll never forget to visit Rome for the first time.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I'll never forget visiting Rome for the first time.
Select the sentence that uses the correct verb pattern. Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She regrets telling him her secret.
Translate into English: 'El coche necesita ser lavado.' Translation

Translate into English: 'El coche necesita ser lavado.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["The car needs washing.","The car needs to be washed."]
Arrange the words to form a grammatically correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He stopped to smoke for a break.
Match each verb usage with its meaning. Match Pairs

Match the phrases with their meanings:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb. Fill in the Blank

If you want to feel better, try ___ (exercise) regularly.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: exercising
Select the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Working long hours means sacrificing personal time.
Correct the error in the following sentence. Error Correction

I didn't mean arriving late to the meeting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I didn't mean to arrive late to the meeting.
Translate into English: 'Ella continuó leyendo el libro.' Translation

Translate into English: 'Ella continuó leyendo el libro.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She went on reading the book.","She continued reading the book."]
Reorder the words to form a meaningful sentence. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I will never forget seeing that moment.
Match the verb forms with their primary function. Match Pairs

Match the form with its primary function:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

FAQ (8)

No, 'start to rain' and 'start raining' are the same.

Use it in formal situations to give bad news, like a job rejection.

It is common in informal speech, but 'try to' is better for writing.

It means 'involves' or 'results in'. Example: 'Working here means traveling a lot.'

Yes: 'I stopped smoking (quit) to stop coughing (purpose).'

Yes, it refers to a task that is/was due after the moment of remembering.

Because it requires understanding subtle differences in meaning, not just grammar rules.

Yes. 'Go on doing' is continuation; 'Go on to do' is a transition.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

Infinitive for both

English uses the verb form itself (-ing vs to) to change meaning.

French low

arrêter de / pour

English doesn't always need a preposition like 'pour' to show purpose.

German moderate

aufhören zu / um... zu

The 'um... zu' structure is more complex than the English infinitive.

Japanese none

koto / no / tame ni

Japanese grammar relies on particles rather than verb endings for this distinction.

Arabic low

Masdar / li-

The concept of a 'gerund' vs 'infinitive' doesn't map directly to Arabic roots.

Chinese none

Context / Resultative verbs

Chinese has no morphological markers for gerunds or infinitives.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Verbs with Gerunds Only: The -ing Club
Next
Senses and Sentences: Verbs of Perception

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