A2 Comparisons 1 min read かんたん

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Add 'ter-' to the beginning of an adjective to turn it into a superlative, meaning 'the most'.

  • Add 'ter-' to base adjectives: 'ter-' + 'besar' (big) = 'terbesar' (biggest).
  • No need for extra words like 'paling' when using 'ter-'.
  • Works for almost all descriptive adjectives in Indonesian.
ter- + Adjective = Superlative (The most...)

Meanings

The 'ter-' prefix is used to indicate the superlative degree of an adjective, signifying the highest level or intensity.

1

Superlative

Indicates the highest degree of a quality.

“Dia adalah murid terpintar di kelas.”

“Ini adalah masalah tersulit.”

Superlative Formation

Base Adjective Meaning Superlative Form Superlative Meaning
Besar Big Terbesar Biggest
Kecil Small Terkecil Smallest
Cepat Fast Tercepat Fastest
Mahal Expensive Termahal Most expensive
Pintar Smart Terpintar Smartest
Indah Beautiful Terindah Most beautiful

Reference Table

Reference table for Ter- for Superlatives
Form Structure Example
Affirmative ter- + Adjective Dia terpintar.
Negative tidak + paling + Adjective Dia tidak paling pintar.
Question Siapa yang + ter- + Adjective? Siapa yang terpintar?
Comparison ter- + Adjective + di + Noun Dia tertinggi di kelas.
Emphasis ter- + Adjective + sekali Itu terindah sekali.
Short Answer Yang ter- + Adjective Yang tercepat.

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Rumah tersebut adalah yang terbesar.

Rumah tersebut adalah yang terbesar. (Describing property)

ニュートラル
Rumah itu terbesar.

Rumah itu terbesar. (Describing property)

カジュアル
Rumahnya paling gede.

Rumahnya paling gede. (Describing property)

スラング
Rumahnya paling mantap.

Rumahnya paling mantap. (Describing property)

The Superlative Concept

ter-

Adjectives

  • cepat fast
  • besar big

Result

  • tercepat fastest
  • terbesar biggest

Examples by Level

1

Ini adalah buku terbaik.

This is the best book.

2

Dia orang tercepat.

He is the fastest person.

3

Rumah itu terbesar.

That house is the biggest.

4

Ini sangat terindah.

This is the most beautiful.

1

Siapa murid terpintar di sini?

Who is the smartest student here?

2

Ini adalah masalah tersulit.

This is the hardest problem.

3

Dia memakai baju termahal.

She is wearing the most expensive clothes.

4

Itu adalah momen terlucu.

That was the funniest moment.

1

Kota ini memiliki gedung tertinggi.

This city has the tallest building.

2

Dia memberikan jawaban terakurat.

He gave the most accurate answer.

3

Ini adalah keputusan terpenting.

This is the most important decision.

4

Dia adalah atlet terhebat.

He is the greatest athlete.

1

Penelitian ini adalah yang terpenting tahun ini.

This research is the most important of the year.

2

Dia adalah kandidat terkuat untuk posisi itu.

He is the strongest candidate for that position.

3

Ini adalah solusi termudah bagi kita.

This is the easiest solution for us.

4

Dia adalah orang termiskin di desa itu.

He is the poorest person in that village.

1

Karya ini dianggap sebagai yang teragung.

This work is considered the greatest.

2

Ini adalah tantangan terberat dalam kariernya.

This is the hardest challenge in his career.

3

Dia adalah sosok terpandang di komunitas.

He is the most respected figure in the community.

4

Ini adalah pencapaian tertinggi mereka.

This is their highest achievement.

1

Dia adalah pemikir terkemuka di zamannya.

He was the most prominent thinker of his time.

2

Ini adalah fenomena teraneh yang pernah saya lihat.

This is the strangest phenomenon I have ever seen.

3

Keputusan itu adalah yang terbijak.

That decision was the wisest.

4

Dia adalah orang terhormat di sini.

He is the most honorable person here.

Easily Confused

Ter- for Superlatives Ter- (Superlative) vs. Ter- (Passive/Accidental)

Both use the same prefix, but they mean different things.

Ter- for Superlatives Ter- vs. Paling

Both mean 'the most'.

Ter- for Superlatives Ter- vs. Ter- (Stative)

Some words like 'terbuka' look like superlatives.

よくある間違い

paling terbesar

terbesar

Redundant superlative.

ter-besar

terbesar

No hyphen needed.

ter-cepat sekali

tercepat

Superlative already implies the highest degree.

tercepat di dunia

tercepat di dunia

This is actually correct, but often confused with 'paling cepat di dunia'.

ter-mahal

termahal

No hyphen.

paling termahal

termahal

Double superlative.

ter-pintar

terpintar

No hyphen.

terbuka

terbuka

This is passive, not superlative.

ter-indah

terindah

No hyphen.

paling terindah

terindah

Double superlative.

ter-agung

teragung

No hyphen.

paling teragung

teragung

Double superlative.

ter-pandang

terpandang

No hyphen.

Sentence Patterns

Ini adalah ___ yang ___.

Siapa yang ___ di ___?

Dia adalah orang ___ yang saya kenal.

Itu adalah keputusan ___ bagi kita.

Real World Usage

Social Media very common

Video ini terlucu!

Job Interview common

Ini adalah pencapaian terbesar saya.

Travel Review common

Hotel ini adalah yang terbaik.

Food Delivery App occasional

Sambal terpedas di kota.

Academic Paper common

Hasil ini adalah yang terakurat.

Texting very common

Hari tersulit nih.

💡

Avoid Redundancy

Never use 'paling' and 'ter-' together. It's like saying 'most biggest' in English.
⚠️

Check the Context

Remember that 'ter-' can also mean passive. Always look at the adjective to see if it's a quality or a state.
🎯

Use in Formal Writing

If you are writing an essay or a report, use 'ter-' to sound more professional and concise.
💬

Casual vs. Formal

In casual conversation, 'paling' is perfectly fine and often preferred. Don't worry too much about using 'ter-' in a text message.

Smart Tips

Use 'ter-' instead of 'paling' for a more professional tone.

Ini adalah yang paling penting. Ini adalah yang terpenting.

Feel free to use 'paling' as it sounds more natural in casual settings.

Itu adalah rumah terbesar. Itu rumah paling gede.

Check if it's a passive or accidental state.

Dia terpintar (confused with passive). Dia terpintar (superlative).

Use 'ter-' to highlight your achievements.

Saya punya pengalaman paling besar. Saya punya pengalaman terbesar.

発音

ter-BE-sar

Prefix stress

The stress usually falls on the root word, not the 'ter-' prefix.

Superlative emphasis

Dia yang TER-besar! ↗

High pitch on the root word for emphasis.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'ter-' as 'Top-er'. It puts the adjective at the top of the list.

Visual Association

Imagine a mountain. At the very peak, there is a flag with the word 'TER-' written on it. Anything that reaches the peak gets the 'TER-' prefix.

Rhyme

For the most, don't be a bore, just add 'ter-' at the door.

Story

Budi wanted to be the best runner. He trained every day. He became the fastest runner in the city. Everyone called him 'tercepat'.

Word Web

terbesarterkeciltercepatterbaikterpintarterindahtermahaltertinggi

チャレンジ

Write 5 sentences describing your family members using 'ter-' (e.g., 'Ayah saya yang terkuat').

文化メモ

Using 'ter-' is seen as more refined than 'paling' in formal writing.

In casual Jakarta speech, 'paling' is used much more frequently than 'ter-'.

Academic papers almost exclusively use 'ter-' for superlatives.

The 'ter-' prefix is an Austronesian prefix that has evolved to serve multiple functions in Indonesian.

Conversation Starters

Siapa orang terpintar yang kamu kenal?

Apa makanan terpedas yang pernah kamu makan?

Apa tantangan terberat dalam pekerjaanmu?

Apa momen terindah dalam hidupmu?

Journal Prompts

Describe your best friend using three 'ter-' adjectives.
Write about the most difficult day you have ever had.
Discuss the most important invention in history.
Reflect on the most beautiful place you have visited.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct superlative form.

Dia adalah murid ___ (pintar) di kelas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: terpintar
The correct superlative prefix is 'ter-'.
Identify the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ini adalah yang paling terbesar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: paling
You should not use 'paling' with 'ter-'.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dia orang terkuat.
The correct form is 'ter-' + adjective.
Rearrange the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Building

adalah / terbesar / rumah / ini

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ini adalah rumah terbesar.
Standard Indonesian word order.
Match the adjective with its superlative form. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Terbesar, Terkecil, Tercepat, Termahal
Correct prefix application.
Which word is a superlative? 選択問題

Select the superlative.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tercepat
'Tercepat' is the only one describing a quality.
Complete the sentence.

Dia adalah atlet ___ (hebat) di dunia.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: terhebat
Superlative prefix.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Itu adalah momen yang paling terindah.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: paling
Remove 'paling'.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct superlative form.

Dia adalah murid ___ (pintar) di kelas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: terpintar
The correct superlative prefix is 'ter-'.
Identify the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ini adalah yang paling terbesar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: paling
You should not use 'paling' with 'ter-'.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dia orang terkuat.
The correct form is 'ter-' + adjective.
Rearrange the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Building

adalah / terbesar / rumah / ini

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ini adalah rumah terbesar.
Standard Indonesian word order.
Match the adjective with its superlative form. Match Pairs

Match: Besar, Kecil, Cepat, Mahal

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Terbesar, Terkecil, Tercepat, Termahal
Correct prefix application.
Which word is a superlative? 選択問題

Select the superlative.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tercepat
'Tercepat' is the only one describing a quality.
Complete the sentence.

Dia adalah atlet ___ (hebat) di dunia.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: terhebat
Superlative prefix.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Itu adalah momen yang paling terindah.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: paling
Remove 'paling'.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

No, that is redundant. Use one or the other.

No, it can also be a passive/accidental prefix. Context is important.

Use 'ter-' in formal writing and 'paling' in casual speech.

No, it remains 'ter-'.

Almost all, but some rare adjectives might sound better with 'paling'.

Use 'Siapa yang ter-...' or 'Yang mana yang ter-...'?

It is specific to Indonesian/Malay.

No, 'ter-' with verbs usually indicates passive or accidental action.

In Other Languages

English partial

-est / most

Indonesian uses a prefix, English uses suffixes or separate words.

Spanish low

el más

Spanish uses a separate phrase, Indonesian uses a prefix.

French low

le plus

French uses a separate phrase, Indonesian uses a prefix.

German low

am ...-sten

German uses a circumfix, Indonesian uses a prefix.

Japanese low

ichiban

Japanese uses a separate word, Indonesian uses a prefix.

Arabic partial

al-af'al

Arabic uses a root-pattern system, Indonesian uses a prefix.

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