A1 Prepositions 1 min read 简单

Preposition 'Зад' (Behind)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The preposition 'зад' means 'behind' and is used to describe the location of an object or person relative to another.

  • Use 'зад' followed by a noun to indicate position: 'Зад къщата' (Behind the house).
  • It does not change the case of the noun in modern Bulgarian: 'Зад колата' (Behind the car).
  • It can be used for both static location and movement towards a location: 'Той стои зад мен' (He stands behind me).
Зад + [Noun] = Behind the [Noun]

Meanings

The preposition 'зад' is used to denote a position at the back of or on the other side of something.

1

Spatial location

Located at the back of an object.

“Той се крие зад вратата.”

“Паркирах зад блока.”

Using 'Зад' with Pronouns

Pronoun (Subject) Accusative Pronoun Phrase
Аз (I) мен зад мен
Ти (You) теб зад теб
Той (He) него зад него
Тя (She) нея зад нея
Ние (We) нас зад нас
Вие (You pl.) вас зад вас
Те (They) тях зад тях

Reference Table

Reference table for Preposition 'Зад' (Behind)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Зад + Noun Зад къщата
Negative Не е зад + Noun Не е зад къщата
Question Зад + Noun ли е? Зад къщата ли е?
Pronoun Зад + Pronoun Зад мен
Plural Зад + Plural Noun Зад дърветата
Definite Зад + Definite Noun Зад колата

正式程度

正式
Автомобилът е паркиран зад къщата.

Автомобилът е паркиран зад къщата. (Daily life)

中性
Колата е зад къщата.

Колата е зад къщата. (Daily life)

非正式
Колата е зад къщата.

Колата е зад къщата. (Daily life)

俚语
Колата е отзад на къщата.

Колата е отзад на къщата. (Daily life)

Spatial Prepositions

Зад

People

  • зад мен behind me

Objects

  • зад колата behind the car
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按水平分级的例句

1

Котката е зад дивана.

The cat is behind the sofa.

2

Аз съм зад теб.

I am behind you.

3

Магазинът е зад парка.

The shop is behind the park.

4

Тя стои зад вратата.

She is standing behind the door.

1

Паркирах колата зад блока.

I parked the car behind the apartment building.

2

Има градина зад къщата.

There is a garden behind the house.

3

Той се скри зад дървото.

He hid behind the tree.

4

Офисът е зад банката.

The office is behind the bank.

1

Слънцето се скри зад планината.

The sun hid behind the mountain.

2

Тя остави чантата си зад стола.

She left her bag behind the chair.

3

Има много история зад тези думи.

There is a lot of history behind these words.

4

Дръжте се зад линията.

Stay behind the line.

1

Той действаше зад гърба ми.

He acted behind my back.

2

Зад всяка усмивка имаше тъга.

Behind every smile there was sadness.

3

Зад фасадата на сградата имаше двор.

Behind the building's facade there was a courtyard.

4

Задължително е да се стои зад бариерата.

It is mandatory to stay behind the barrier.

1

Зад политическите решения стоят икономически интереси.

Behind the political decisions lie economic interests.

2

Той остави всичко зад себе си.

He left everything behind him.

3

Задълбоченият анализ разкри истината зад събитията.

The in-depth analysis revealed the truth behind the events.

4

Зад завесата се чуваше шепот.

Behind the curtain, a whisper was heard.

1

Зад привидната простота се криеше сложна философия.

Behind the apparent simplicity lay a complex philosophy.

2

Задължително е да се разбере контекстът зад изказването.

It is imperative to understand the context behind the statement.

3

Зад стените на манастира времето беше спряло.

Behind the monastery walls, time had stopped.

4

Задълбочеността на изследването стои зад успеха на проекта.

The depth of the research stands behind the project's success.

容易混淆

Preposition 'Зад' (Behind) 对比 Зад vs. Пред

Learners often mix up 'behind' and 'in front of'.

Preposition 'Зад' (Behind) 对比 Зад vs. Отзад

Learners use 'зад' without an object.

Preposition 'Зад' (Behind) 对比 Зад vs. След

Both can mean 'after' or 'behind' in some contexts.

常见错误

✗

задът кола

✓

зад колата

Do not add suffixes to the preposition.
✗

пред колата (when meaning behind)

✓

зад колата

Confusing front and back.
✗

зад менът

✓

зад мен

Incorrect pronoun form.
✗

зад на колата

✓

зад колата

Adding unnecessary particles.
✗

задът на къщата

✓

зад къщата

Unnecessary definite article on the preposition.
✗

зад мене

✓

зад мен

Wrong pronoun form for accusative.
✗

задът мен

✓

зад мен

Adding article to pronoun.
✗

задът на сградата

✓

зад сградата

Redundant article usage.
✗

задът на него

✓

зад него

Incorrect pronoun structure.
✗

задът на тях

✓

зад тях

Incorrect pronoun structure.
✗

задът на събитията

✓

зад събитията

Over-formalizing the preposition.
✗

задът на решението

✓

зад решението

Redundant article.
✗

задът на истината

✓

зад истината

Redundant article.

句型

___ е зад ___.

Аз стоя зад ___.

Има ___ зад ___.

Зад ___ се крие ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Чакам те зад кафенето.

Directions very common

Хотелът е зад парка.

Job Interview occasional

Зад това решение стоят факти.

Social Media common

Зад обектива на камерата.

Food Delivery common

Остави поръчката зад вратата.

Travel common

Зад планината има езеро.

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💡

Keep it simple

Don't overthink the grammar. Just put 'зад' before the noun.
⚠️

Don't add suffixes

Never add 'ът' or 'та' to 'зад' itself.
🎯

Use with pronouns

Remember to use the accusative form of pronouns (мен, теб, него).
💬

Landmarks

Bulgarians love using landmarks. 'Зад' is perfect for this.

Smart Tips

Always check if you mean 'behind' or 'in front of'.

Колата е пред къщата (when it's behind). → Колата е зад къщата.

Use the accusative form (мен, теб, него).

Зад аз. → Зад мен.

Avoid redundant articles.

Задът на сградата. → Зад сградата.

Don't stress the preposition.

ЗАД колата. → зад колата.

发音

/zad/

Zad

Pronounced as 'zad' with a short 'a'.

Statement

Котката е зад дивана. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Zad' as 'Z-ad' (Z-add), like adding a 'Z' to the back of the line.

视觉联想

Imagine a person standing behind a giant letter Z. Every time you say 'зад', visualize that Z.

Rhyme

When you want to say behind, 'зад' is the word you'll find.

Story

I was looking for my friend. I checked in front of the house, but he wasn't there. Then I walked 'зад' (behind) the house. There he was!

Word Web

задмястопозицияотзадпредскрит

挑战

Look around your room and name 3 things that are 'зад' something else.

文化笔记

Bulgarians often use 'зад' to describe locations relative to landmarks, which is very helpful in cities.

The word 'зад' originates from Proto-Slavic *zadъ.

对话开场白

“

Къде е колата?

“

Кой стои зад теб?

“

Какво има зад офиса?

“

Какво се крие зад това решение?

日记主题

Describe your room using 'зад'.
Write about a time you hid behind something.
Explain the location of your favorite cafe.
Discuss the hidden reasons behind a historical event.
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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with 'зад'.

Котката е ___ дивана.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: зад
The cat is behind the sofa.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Зад колата е.
No extra suffixes needed.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Той стои задът мен.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той стои зад мен.
Remove the extra suffix.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Котката е зад дивана.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Котката не е зад дивана.
Negative goes before the verb.
Match the phrase. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: зад мен
Correct pronoun form.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

зад / къщата / е / градината

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Градината е зад къщата.
Correct word order.
Select the correct pronoun. 多项选择

Той стои ___ (behind him).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: зад него
Accusative pronoun.
Fill in the blank.

Магазинът е ___ банката.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: зад
The shop is behind the bank.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with 'зад'.

Котката е ___ дивана.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: зад
The cat is behind the sofa.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Зад колата е.
No extra suffixes needed.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Той стои задът мен.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той стои зад мен.
Remove the extra suffix.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Котката е зад дивана.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Котката не е зад дивана.
Negative goes before the verb.
Match the phrase. Match Pairs

Match 'behind me'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: зад мен
Correct pronoun form.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

зад / къщата / е / градината

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Градината е зад къщата.
Correct word order.
Select the correct pronoun. 多项选择

Той стои ___ (behind him).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: зад него
Accusative pronoun.
Fill in the blank.

Магазинът е ___ банката.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: зад
The shop is behind the bank.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

No, 'зад' is invariant.

No, use 'след' for time.

It is neutral and used in all registers.

Use 'отзад'.

Only if the noun is specific.

'Зад мен' is standard.

Yes, 'зад къщите'.

Yes, for location or metaphorical support.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

detrás de

Bulgarian is more concise.

French high

derrière

None, they function identically.

German high

hinter

German requires case changes, Bulgarian does not.

Japanese low

ushiro ni

Word order is reversed.

Arabic high

khalfa

Arabic has different grammatical constraints.

Chinese low

hòumiàn

Chinese requires a possessive particle.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Preposition 'Пред' (In front of)

Related Grammar Rules

A2

Preposition 'За' (For, About)
A1

Preposition 'В' (In, Into)
A1

Preposition 'На' (On, At)
A1

Preposition 'До' (Next to, By)
A1

Preposition 'Под' (Under)
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