währenddessen
währenddessen in 30 Seconds
- Währenddessen is a German adverb meaning 'meanwhile' or 'at the same time'.
- It is used to link two separate sentences where the actions happen simultaneously.
- Unlike the conjunction 'während', it does not send the verb to the end of the clause.
- It is a compound of 'während' and 'dessen', literally meaning 'during that'.
The German adverb währenddessen is a sophisticated yet common temporal marker used to indicate that two actions are occurring simultaneously. In the landscape of German grammar, it functions as a connector that links a new piece of information to a previously established timeframe. While English speakers might simply use 'meanwhile' or 'during that time,' the German term carries a specific structural weight. It is composed of two distinct parts: während (the present participle of the verb währen, meaning 'to last') and dessen (the genitive form of the demonstrative pronoun das). Literally, it translates to 'during that,' which perfectly encapsulates its function: it refers back to an event mentioned in a previous sentence and describes what else is happening at that exact moment.
- Grammatical Classification
- Adverb of time (Temporaladverb). It acts as a sentence connector but, unlike a conjunction, it occupies a specific position in the sentence, often taking 'Position 1' or 'Position 3'.
In everyday German, you will encounter this word across all registers. In a casual setting, a mother might say she is cooking while her children are doing homework. In a formal journalistic context, a reporter might describe a political summit while mentioning that protests are occurring outside. The beauty of währenddessen lies in its ability to create a parallel narrative structure without the need for complex multi-clause sentences (Hypotaxe). It allows the speaker to maintain short, punchy sentences while still establishing a clear chronological link between them.
Der Chef hielt eine lange Rede; währenddessen schliefen einige Mitarbeiter fast ein.
Historically, the evolution of this word mirrors the German language's preference for compounding. By merging the prepositional root with a pronominal element, German creates a 'Pro-Adverb' that saves the speaker from repeating the entire previous clause. Instead of saying 'during the time that the boss was speaking,' one simply says 'during that.' This efficiency is a hallmark of B1 and B2 level German, where learners transition from simple 'und' or 'dann' connections to more nuanced temporal relations. It provides a narrative flow that feels natural and professional.
Furthermore, währenddessen is indispensable in scientific and technical descriptions. When describing a chemical reaction or a software process, it marks sub-processes that occur in tandem with the main operation. This precision is vital for clarity. Without it, the reader might assume a sequential order (first A, then B), which could lead to a misunderstanding of the mechanism. Thus, mastering this word is not just about vocabulary; it is about mastering the logic of German temporal coordination.
- Register and Tone
- Neutral to Formal. While common in speech, it is the standard choice in written reports, news, and literature to indicate simultaneity between sentences.
In summary, währenddessen serves as a bridge. It looks back at the past sentence to anchor the current sentence in time. It is a tool for synchronization, ensuring that the listener or reader understands that the timeline is shared between two distinct actions. Whether you are describing a busy kitchen, a complex military operation, or a simple day at the park, this word provides the temporal glue necessary for coherent storytelling.
Using währenddessen correctly depends entirely on your understanding of German sentence structure (Satzbau). Because it is an adverb and not a conjunction, it has the power to occupy 'Position 1' in a sentence. When it does this, the finite verb must come immediately after it, followed by the subject. This is the 'V2' rule (Verb in second position) that is fundamental to German syntax.
Ich räume die Küche auf. Währenddessen kannst du den Müll rausbringen.
Alternatively, währenddessen can be placed in 'Position 3', which is after the verb and the subject. This often feels slightly less formal and places more emphasis on the subject of the second action. For example: 'Ich lese ein Buch. Meine Schwester spielt währenddessen Klavier.' Both positions are grammatically correct, but the choice depends on which part of the sentence you want to emphasize. If you want to highlight the timing, start with the adverb. If you want to highlight the person doing the action, start with the subject.
- Position 1 (Emphasis on Time)
- [Währenddessen] + [Verb] + [Subject] + [Rest]. Example: Währenddessen suchte er seinen Schlüssel.
- Position 3 (Emphasis on Actor)
- [Subject] + [Verb] + [Währenddessen] + [Rest]. Example: Er suchte währenddessen seinen Schlüssel.
One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is trying to use währenddessen as a conjunction like 'while'. In English, you can say 'While I sleep, he works.' In German, if you use währenddessen, you must split this into two sentences or use a semicolon: 'Ich schlafe. Währenddessen arbeitet er.' If you want to join them into one complex sentence with a comma, you must use the conjunction während: 'Während ich schlafe, arbeitet er.' Notice how the verb 'schlafe' moves to the end with the conjunction, but stays in the second position with the adverb.
Das Wasser kocht; währenddessen schneide ich die Zwiebeln.
In more advanced writing, währenddessen can also appear in the middle of a multi-part verb construction. For instance, with modal verbs: 'Du hättest währenddessen anrufen können.' (You could have called during that time). Here, the adverb sits in the 'Mittelfeld' (middle field) of the sentence, which is a very common and natural-sounding placement for German native speakers. It subtly integrates the temporal aspect into the flow of the sentence without making it the main focus.
When writing essays or reports, währenddessen is a fantastic way to avoid the repetitive use of 'und'. It shows a higher command of the language by explicitly defining the relationship between two events. Instead of a simple list of actions, you are painting a picture of a dynamic, multi-layered scene where things are happening simultaneously. This level of detail is what distinguishes an A2 learner from a B1 or B2 speaker.
You will hear währenddessen in a variety of real-world scenarios, ranging from high-stakes news broadcasts to mundane household planning. It is a workhorse of the German language that facilitates multitasking in speech. In a professional environment, it is ubiquitous. Imagine a project manager saying: 'Ich bereite die Präsentation vor. Könnten Sie währenddessen die aktuellen Zahlen prüfen?' (I'm preparing the presentation. Could you check the current figures in the meantime?). Here, it functions as a polite and efficient way to coordinate teamwork.
In the world of German journalism and news (like the Tagesschau), währenddessen is used to contrast different events happening globally or locally. A news anchor might say: 'In Berlin protestieren Tausende gegen die neuen Gesetze. Währenddessen berät das Kabinett über weitere Maßnahmen.' This usage highlights the tension or the connection between two simultaneous developments. It is a key stylistic device for creating a comprehensive narrative of current events.
Die Polizei sperrte die Straße ab. Währenddessen landete der Rettungshubschrauber auf dem Feld.
Literature and storytelling also rely heavily on this adverb. Authors use it to manage multiple characters or plot lines. If Character A is searching for a lost treasure in a cave, the author might switch to Character B waiting anxiously outside by using währenddessen. It allows for a smooth transition between perspectives without breaking the temporal continuity of the story. Without such markers, a story could feel disjointed or confusing, as the reader wouldn't know if the actions were sequential or simultaneous.
- Common Context: Sports Commentating
- Radio or TV commentators use it to describe actions off the ball. 'Müller läuft sich frei. Währenddessen bereitet Schweinsteiger den Pass vor.'
- Common Context: Cooking Shows
- 'Lassen Sie das Fleisch zehn Minuten ruhen. Währenddessen können wir die Soße reduzieren.'
In everyday social interactions, you'll hear it when people are dividing tasks. At a party, someone might say, 'Ich hole neues Eis. Unterhaltet euch währenddessen gut!' (I'll get more ice. Have a good talk in the meantime!). It’s also common in parental instructions: 'Räum dein Zimmer auf. Ich mache währenddessen das Abendessen.' It’s a word that organizes life, making it clear that time is being used effectively by different parties at once.
Finally, in academic or legal German, währenddessen is used to maintain logical consistency. In a legal brief, it might describe the actions of a defendant while a crime was being committed elsewhere. In a scientific paper, it might describe a control group's behavior while the experimental group receives a stimulus. Its precision makes it a favorite for anyone who needs to be absolutely clear about the 'when' of an event.
The most pervasive mistake learners make with währenddessen is confusing it with the conjunction während. This is a classic 'false friend' in terms of grammatical function. While they share the same root and general meaning, their 'behavior' in a sentence is diametrically opposed. Let's break this down: während is a subordinating conjunction. It starts a side-clause (Nebensatz) and forces the verb to the very end. Währenddessen is an adverb. It acts like a regular noun or pronoun in the main clause (Hauptsatz) and requires the verb to be in the second position.
- The 'Conjunction' Mistake
- Wrong: *Währenddessen ich koche, liest er. (Incorrect structure)
Right: Während ich koche, liest er. (Conjunction)
Right: Ich koche. Währenddessen liest er. (Adverb)
Another common error is the 'Double Subject' or 'Missing Verb' error when using it at the start of a sentence. Because English speakers are used to saying 'Meanwhile, I am cooking,' they often want to put a comma after währenddessen and then start a new sentence with 'ich'. In German, never put a comma after the adverb if it is in Position 1. The verb must come immediately. 'Währenddessen ich koche' is wrong; 'Währenddessen koche ich' is correct. This 'Inversion' (Subject-Verb swap) is the number one hurdle for English natives.
Falsch: Währenddessen, er wartete am Bahnhof.
Richtig: Währenddessen wartete er am Bahnhof.
A more subtle mistake involves the 'Reference' of the word. Since währenddessen contains the demonstrative 'dessen' (of that), it must refer to something already mentioned. You cannot walk into a room and start a conversation with 'Währenddessen...'. Your listener will ask, 'During what?'. It requires a preceding context. If you want to say 'Meanwhile' at the very beginning of a story without a prior sentence, you might use 'In der Zwischenzeit' or simply 'Zur gleichen Zeit', though even those usually imply a context.
Lastly, learners sometimes use währenddessen when they actually mean 'however' or 'on the other hand' (indessen). While währenddessen can occasionally imply a contrast (e.g., 'I was working, while he was playing'), its primary function is temporal. If the focus is purely on the contrast and not the timing, words like 'hingegen' or 'jedoch' are often better choices. Using währenddessen purely for contrast can sometimes sound slightly off if there is no actual temporal overlap between the two actions.
To truly enrich your German vocabulary, it is essential to know the synonyms and subtle alternatives to währenddessen. Each alternative carries a slightly different 'flavor' or register. The most direct synonym is indessen. While indessen also means 'meanwhile,' it is considered more literary and formal. You will find it in high-quality newspapers like Die Zeit or in classic literature. In modern spoken German, however, währenddessen is much more common.
- Indessen vs. Währenddessen
- Indessen: Highly formal, often used to introduce a contrast (like 'however').
Währenddessen: Neutral to formal, strictly temporal (simultaneous events).
Another common alternative is in der Zwischenzeit (in the meantime). This phrase is very popular in both spoken and written German. The slight difference is that in der Zwischenzeit often implies a gap or a period between two specific points in time, whereas währenddessen emphasizes the continuous overlap of two actions. For example, if you are waiting for a train, you might say 'In der Zwischenzeit trinke ich einen Kaffee.' It describes what you do to fill the void.
Wir müssen auf die Ergebnisse warten. Gleichzeitig sollten wir den nächsten Schritt planen.
For a more casual or regional tone, you might hear derweil or derweilen. These are shorter, slightly old-fashioned sounding words that are still very much alive in Southern Germany and Austria. 'Ich gehe einkaufen, mach du derweil die Hausaufgaben.' It sounds a bit more cozy and less 'news-report-like' than währenddessen. If you want to sound like a local in Munich or Vienna, derweil is a great word to have in your pocket.
Finally, consider the phrase unterdessen. It is almost identical to währenddessen and indessen. The prefix 'unter-' (under/among) suggests that the action is happening 'among' or 'amidst' the other events. Like indessen, it is quite formal and frequently used in narrative prose to keep the reader updated on different plot threads. By varying your choice between währenddessen, in der Zwischenzeit, and gleichzeitig, you can make your German sound much more dynamic and less repetitive.
- Summary of Alternatives
-
- Gleichzeitig: Perfectly simultaneous (at the same time).
- In der Zwischenzeit: Filling a gap in time.
- Derweil: Casual, regional, conversational.
- Indessen/Unterdessen: Formal, literary, journalistic.
How Formal Is It?
"Die Verhandlungen dauern an; währenddessen bereiten sich die Delegationen auf die nächste Runde vor."
"Ich gehe kurz zur Post. Du kannst währenddessen den Tisch decken."
"Ich zock 'ne Runde. Mach du währenddessen mal die Küche sauber."
"Der Teddy schläft jetzt. Wir spielen währenddessen ganz leise mit den Autos."
"Ich check das mal ab. Chill du währenddessen."
Fun Fact
The word is a 'Pronominaladverb'. In German, these are words like 'dafür', 'damit', and 'währenddessen' which replace a prepositional phrase to make sentences shorter and more efficient.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing the 'w' like an English 'w' (it should be a 'v' sound).
- Putting the stress on the first syllable 'wäh'.
- Failing to pronounce the 't' in the middle clearly.
- Merging the two 'd' sounds into one short 'd'.
- Pronouncing 'dessen' like 'dissen'.
Difficulty Rating
Easy to recognize in a text once you know the meaning.
Requires knowledge of the V2 rule and inversion when starting a sentence.
A bit of a tongue-twister for beginners, but very useful once mastered.
Clear pronunciation makes it easy to spot in speech.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
V2 Position
Währenddessen [1] koche [2] ich [3].
Inversion
Normal: Ich koche währenddessen. Inverted: Währenddessen koche ich.
Adverb vs Conjunction
Währenddessen (Adverb) vs. Während (Conjunction).
Pronominal Adverbs
Similar to 'deswegen', 'dafür', 'stattdessen'.
Genitive Pointer
The 'dessen' part refers back to a masculine or neuter antecedent.
Examples by Level
Ich lerne Deutsch. Währenddessen schläft mein Hund.
I am learning German. Meanwhile, my dog is sleeping.
Währenddessen is at the start, so the verb 'schläft' comes next.
Wir kochen Suppe. Währenddessen hörst du Musik.
We are cooking soup. Meanwhile, you are listening to music.
Two separate actions happening at the same time.
Er spielt Fußball. Sie liest währenddessen ein Buch.
He is playing soccer. She is reading a book meanwhile.
Here, 'währenddessen' is in the middle of the sentence.
Ich mache Hausaufgaben. Mein Bruder spielt währenddessen.
I am doing homework. My brother is playing meanwhile.
Simple present tense usage.
Der Tee wird warm. Währenddessen hole ich Kekse.
The tea is getting warm. Meanwhile, I'll get some cookies.
Adverbial use to connect two short sentences.
Du duschst. Ich mache währenddessen das Frühstück.
You are showering. I am making breakfast meanwhile.
Subject + Verb + Adverb + Object.
Es regnet. Wir warten währenddessen im Haus.
It is raining. We are waiting in the house meanwhile.
Refers to the time during the rain.
Der Film läuft. Wir essen währenddessen Popcorn.
The movie is playing. We are eating popcorn meanwhile.
Common everyday scenario.
Ich räume das Zimmer auf. Kannst du währenddessen das Fenster putzen?
I'm tidying the room. Can you clean the window in the meantime?
Used with a modal verb 'kannst'.
Wir haben lange gewartet. Währenddessen haben wir Kaffee getrunken.
We waited for a long time. Meanwhile, we drank coffee.
Perfect tense (haben + Partizip II).
Der Bus hatte Verspätung. Währenddessen habe ich eine Zeitung gelesen.
The bus was late. Meanwhile, I read a newspaper.
Inversion: Adverb + Verb + Subject.
Du kaufst die Getränke. Ich suche währenddessen einen Parkplatz.
You buy the drinks. I'll look for a parking spot in the meantime.
Coordinating two future-oriented actions.
Sie telefoniert mit ihrer Mutter. Er schreibt währenddessen eine E-Mail.
She is talking to her mother on the phone. He is writing an email meanwhile.
Standard A2 sentence structure.
Die Kinder spielen im Garten. Währenddessen bereiten die Eltern das Picknick vor.
The children are playing in the garden. Meanwhile, the parents are preparing the picnic.
Plural subjects in both sentences.
Ich muss noch arbeiten. Du kannst währenddessen schon mal vorgehen.
I still have to work. You can go ahead in the meantime.
Separable verb 'vorgehen' at the end.
Wir saßen im Kino. Währenddessen fing es draußen an zu schneien.
We were sitting in the cinema. Meanwhile, it started to snow outside.
Past tense 'saßen' and 'fing an'.
Die Techniker reparieren die Leitung. Währenddessen bleibt das Internet ausgeschaltet.
The technicians are repairing the line. Meanwhile, the internet remains switched off.
Formal professional context.
Der Dozent hielt einen Vortrag. Währenddessen machten sich die Studenten Notizen.
The lecturer gave a presentation. Meanwhile, the students took notes.
Reflexive verb 'sich Notizen machen'.
Ich werde das Auto waschen. Könntest du währenddessen bitte den Reifendruck prüfen?
I will wash the car. Could you please check the tire pressure in the meantime?
Future tense + Konjunktiv II for politeness.
In der Küche brannte das Essen an. Währenddessen unterhielten sich die Gäste im Wohnzimmer.
The food burned in the kitchen. Meanwhile, the guests chatted in the living room.
Contrast between two simultaneous scenes.
Der Patient wurde operiert. Währenddessen warteten seine Angehörigen im Flur.
The patient was being operated on. Meanwhile, his relatives waited in the hallway.
Passive voice in the first sentence.
Wir haben die Daten analysiert. Währenddessen hat das Programm die Grafik erstellt.
We analyzed the data. Meanwhile, the program created the graphic.
Perfect tense coordination.
Das Gesetz wird im Bundestag diskutiert. Währenddessen protestieren draußen viele Menschen.
The law is being discussed in the Bundestag. Meanwhile, many people are protesting outside.
Journalistic style.
Er suchte verzweifelt nach seinem Pass. Währenddessen lag dieser sicher in seiner Tasche.
He searched desperately for his passport. Meanwhile, it was lying safely in his bag.
Irony through temporal overlap.
Die Firma expandiert nach Asien. Währenddessen wird die Produktion in Europa modernisiert.
The company is expanding to Asia. Meanwhile, production in Europe is being modernized.
Business context with passive voice.
Der Angeklagte schwieg beharrlich. Währenddessen präsentierte der Staatsanwalt neue Beweise.
The defendant remained stubbornly silent. Meanwhile, the prosecutor presented new evidence.
Legal/Narrative register.
Die Software führt ein Update durch. Sie können währenddessen wie gewohnt weiterarbeiten.
The software is performing an update. You can continue working as usual in the meantime.
Technical instruction.
Währenddessen sich die politische Lage zuspitzte, versuchten Diplomaten zu vermitteln.
While the political situation came to a head, diplomats tried to mediate. (Note: This is a rare literary use where it acts like a conjunction, but usually it's 'Währenddessen spitzte sich... zu')
Advanced literary inversion.
Die Preise für Rohstoffe stiegen massiv an. Währenddessen sanken die Reallöhne der Arbeiter.
Prices for raw materials rose massively. Meanwhile, the real wages of workers fell.
Economic analysis.
Manche Arten sterben aus. Währenddessen entdecken Forscher in der Tiefsee neue Lebensformen.
Some species are going extinct. Meanwhile, researchers are discovering new life forms in the deep sea.
Scientific contrast.
Der Künstler arbeitete jahrelang an seinem Meisterwerk. Währenddessen geriet er fast in Vergessenheit.
The artist worked for years on his masterpiece. Meanwhile, he was almost forgotten.
Narrative arc.
Die Polizei sicherte die Spuren. Währenddessen wurde der Hauptverdächtige bereits vernommen.
The police secured the evidence. Meanwhile, the main suspect was already being interrogated.
Crime report style.
Die Zentralbank hob die Zinsen an, um die Inflation zu bekämpfen; währenddessen befürchteten Ökonomen eine Rezession.
The central bank raised interest rates to combat inflation; meanwhile, economists feared a recession.
Use of semicolon to link independent clauses.
Die Philosophie des Existenzialismus gewann an Bedeutung. Währenddessen vollzog sich in der Kunst eine Abkehr vom Realismus.
The philosophy of existentialism gained importance. Meanwhile, a shift away from realism took place in art.
Academic historical analysis.
Währenddessen die einen den Fortschritt feierten, warnten die anderen vor den ökologischen Folgen.
While some celebrated progress, others warned of the ecological consequences.
Substantivized pronouns 'die einen' and 'die anderen'.
In der Metropole herrschte hektisches Treiben. Währenddessen schien in den abgelegenen Bergdörfern die Zeit stillzustehen.
Hectic activity prevailed in the metropolis. Meanwhile, time seemed to stand still in the remote mountain villages.
Stylistic contrast in literature.
Die Verhandlungen zogen sich bis in die frühen Morgenstunden hin. Währenddessen wartete die Presse ungeduldig auf ein Statement.
The negotiations dragged on into the early hours of the morning. Meanwhile, the press waited impatiently for a statement.
Temporal duration 'bis in die frühen Morgenstunden'.
Der Algorithmus optimiert die Logistikwege in Echtzeit. Währenddessen überwachen menschliche Experten das System auf Anomalien.
The algorithm optimizes logistics routes in real-time. Meanwhile, human experts monitor the system for anomalies.
High-tech professional register.
Die Reform stieß auf heftigen Widerstand in der Bevölkerung. Währenddessen bemühte sich die Regierung um Schadensbegrenzung.
The reform met with fierce resistance among the population. Meanwhile, the government made efforts at damage control.
Political terminology 'Schadensbegrenzung'.
Währenddessen die Sonne langsam hinter dem Horizont versank, hüllte der Nebel das Tal in ein gespenstisches Licht.
As the sun slowly sank behind the horizon, the fog shrouded the valley in a ghostly light.
Poetic/Descriptive use.
In der Quantenphysik können Teilchen verschiedene Zustände gleichzeitig einnehmen; währenddessen bleibt dem makroskopischen Betrachter diese Paradoxie verborgen.
In quantum physics, particles can occupy different states simultaneously; meanwhile, this paradox remains hidden from the macroscopic observer.
Scientific/Philosophical discourse.
Die Aufklärung propagierte die Vernunft als höchstes Gut. Währenddessen keimten in der Romantik bereits die Samen der Subjektivität und des Irrationalen.
The Enlightenment propagated reason as the highest good. Meanwhile, the seeds of subjectivity and the irrational were already germinating in Romanticism.
Historical-intellectual analysis.
Währenddessen sich die geopolitischen Machtverhältnisse verschieben, ringen internationale Organisationen um den Erhalt der multilateralen Ordnung.
As geopolitical power relations shift, international organizations struggle to maintain the multilateral order.
Complex sociopolitical commentary.
Die neuronale Architektur des Gehirns unterliegt einer ständigen Plastizität. Währenddessen festigen sich durch Wiederholung bestimmte kognitive Muster.
The neural architecture of the brain is subject to constant plasticity. Meanwhile, certain cognitive patterns are consolidated through repetition.
Neuroscientific terminology.
In der spätkapitalistischen Gesellschaft wird die Freizeit zunehmend ökonomisiert. Währenddessen entfremdet sich das Individuum paradoxerweise von seinen eigentlichen Bedürfnissen.
In late-capitalist society, leisure time is increasingly economized. Meanwhile, the individual paradoxically alienates themselves from their actual needs.
Sociological critique.
Die Philologie befasst sich mit der Rekonstruktion verlorener Texte. Währenddessen wandelt sich die Sprache selbst in einem unaufhaltsamen Prozess der Derivation.
Philology deals with the reconstruction of lost texts. Meanwhile, language itself changes in an inexorable process of derivation.
Linguistic academic register.
Währenddessen die ökonomische Elite von der Globalisierung profitiert, sieht sich das Prekariat mit zunehmender Instabilität konfrontiert.
While the economic elite profits from globalization, the precariat is faced with increasing instability.
Social stratification vocabulary.
Die Evolution verläuft über Jahrmillionen in kleinsten Schritten. Währenddessen können katastrophale Ereignisse ganze Ökosysteme innerhalb kürzester Zeit radikal verändern.
Evolution takes place over millions of years in tiny steps. Meanwhile, catastrophic events can radically change entire ecosystems within a very short time.
Biological-geological contrast.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— A standard question asking about someone's plans during a specific time.
Ich gehe joggen. Und was machst du währenddessen?
— Refers to the duration of an event and the period following it.
Wir brauchen Betreuung währenddessen und danach.
— A common transition in news or social media to show what's happening locally.
Währenddessen in Deutschland: Die Temperaturen steigen.
— Offering to do a task while something else is happening.
Du kannst schlafen, ich mache das währenddessen.
— Stating that a period of time was uneventful.
Die Kameras liefen, aber währenddessen ist nichts passiert.
— A global perspective on simultaneous events.
Währenddessen auf der ganzen Welt kämpfen Menschen für Freiheit.
— Suggesting productivity during a waiting period.
Der Download dauert lange; man kann währenddessen viel erledigen.
— Reporting a conflict that occurred during an event.
Die Sitzung lief gut, doch währenddessen gab es Streit im Flur.
— Describing a realization that occurred during an action.
Ich las das Buch; währenddessen fiel mir auf, dass eine Seite fehlte.
— Indicating that a situation didn't change while something else happened.
Die Regierung wechselte, doch währenddessen blieb alles beim Alten.
Often Confused With
A conjunction that starts a subordinate clause (verb at the end) or a preposition (requires genitive case).
Means 'instead of that', implying a choice or replacement, not simultaneity.
The relative or demonstrative pronoun 'whose' or 'of that', which is only one part of 'währenddessen'.
Idioms & Expressions
— Life goes on regardless of a specific event or tragedy.
Er hat seinen Job verloren, aber währenddessen dreht sich die Welt einfach weiter.
Philosophical— Letting time pass so that a problem or scandal is forgotten.
Wir warten ab und lassen währenddessen Gras über die Sache wachsen.
Colloquial— To remain idle or do nothing while something is happening.
Alle arbeiteten hart, währenddessen legte er die Hände in den Schoß.
Critical— Trying to do two things at once or be in two places at once.
Er will befördert werden und währenddessen drei Monate Urlaub machen – er kann nicht auf zwei Hochzeiten tanzen.
Idiomatic— To be moping or feeling sorry for oneself while others are busy.
Wir feierten, währenddessen blies er in der Ecke Trübsal.
Colloquial— Ignoring a problem while it is unfolding.
Die Krise kam, und währenddessen steckte die Leitung den Kopf in den Sand.
Metaphorical— To kill time while waiting for something.
Der Zug kommt erst in einer Stunde; ich werde währenddessen die Zeit mit Kreuzworträtseln totschlagen.
Informal— To suspect something is wrong while events are developing.
Sie planten die Überraschung, doch währenddessen roch er bereits Lunte.
Colloquial— To try to take advantage of a confused or simultaneous situation.
Es herrschte Chaos am Markt; währenddessen fischten einige Spekulanten im Trüben.
Critical— To ignore a small mistake while something important is happening.
Er machte Fehler beim Protokoll, aber der Chef drückte währenddessen ein Auge zu.
CommonEasily Confused
They look similar and share a root.
Während is a conjunction/preposition; währenddessen is an adverb. Während needs a clause or a noun; währenddessen stands alone as a pointer.
Während ich esse (Conjunction). Ich esse. Währenddessen... (Adverb).
They mean the same thing.
Indessen is more formal and can also mean 'however'. Währenddessen is more common and strictly temporal.
Er kam zu spät; indessen (however) war es egal.
Both translate to 'meanwhile'.
Mittlerweile implies that something has changed over time up to the present. Währenddessen implies two things happening at the same time in the past or present.
Ich habe ihn lange nicht gesehen; mittlerweile (by now) ist er Vater.
Both mean 'at the same time'.
Gleichzeitig is an adjective/adverb that emphasizes the exact synchronization. Währenddessen is a narrative connector.
Zwei Autos hielten gleichzeitig an.
Temporal relation.
Zwischendurch means 'occasionally' or 'in between' other tasks, not necessarily for the whole duration.
Ich arbeite acht Stunden und esse zwischendurch einen Apfel.
Sentence Patterns
Satz 1. Währenddessen + Verb + Subjekt.
Ich schlafe. Währenddessen arbeitet er.
Satz 1. Subjekt + Verb + währenddessen + Objekt.
Er liest ein Buch. Sie schaut währenddessen einen Film.
Satz 1; währenddessen + Verb + Subjekt.
Der Regen hörte auf; währenddessen kam die Sonne heraus.
Modalverb + währenddessen + Infinitiv.
Du hättest währenddessen anrufen können.
Währenddessen + Partizipialkonstruktion (rare).
Währenddessen, die Gefahr ignorierend, arbeitete er weiter.
Eingeschobener Nebensatz mit währenddessen.
Die Tatsache, dass er währenddessen schwieg, war verdächtig.
Fragesatz: Was machst du währenddessen?
Ich gehe einkaufen. Was machst du währenddessen?
Perfekt: Subjekt + hat + währenddessen + Partizip II.
Er hat währenddessen geschlafen.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Very high in both written and spoken German.
-
Währenddessen ich koche, liest er.
→
Während ich koche, liest er. OR Ich koche. Währenddessen liest er.
You used the adverb like a conjunction. Adverbs don't start subordinate clauses with the verb at the end.
-
Währenddessen, er wartete.
→
Währenddessen wartete er.
German doesn't use a comma after introductory adverbs, and the verb must take the second position (Inversion).
-
Er kocht währenddessen er Musik hört.
→
Er kocht, während er Musik hört.
Again, confusing the adverb for a conjunction. 'Währenddessen' cannot link two clauses in one sentence this way.
-
Währen dessen (two words).
→
Währenddessen (one word).
It's a fixed compound adverb and should never be split with a space.
-
Using it without a previous sentence.
→
In der Zwischenzeit... (if starting fresh).
The 'dessen' part needs something to refer back to. You can't start a story with 'währenddessen' if nothing has happened yet.
Tips
The V2 Rule
Always put the verb in second position when starting with 'währenddessen'. Never put a comma after it like you do in English with 'Meanwhile,'.
Vary Your Connectors
If you have already used 'währenddessen', try 'gleichzeitig' or 'in der Zwischenzeit' in the next paragraph to keep your writing interesting.
Natural Flow
In casual speech, you can put 'währenddessen' after the subject and verb (e.g., 'Er kocht währenddessen') to make it sound less like a news report.
Professional Use
Use it in emails to coordinate tasks. 'Ich schicke die Datei. Können Sie währenddessen das Feedback einarbeiten?' sounds very professional.
The Bridge
Visualize 'währenddessen' as a bridge connecting two parallel train tracks. It shows they are running side-by-side.
Level Up
Moving from 'und' to 'währenddessen' is a sign that you are reaching the A2/B1 level of German proficiency.
No Comma
In English: 'Meanwhile, he slept.' In German: 'Währenddessen schlief er.' (No comma, verb comes second).
News Trigger
When you hear 'währenddessen' on the news, get ready for a scene change or a contrasting event happening somewhere else.
Root Recognition
Recognizing 'währen' (to last) helps you remember that this word is all about the duration of time.
Reference Check
When you see 'währenddessen', always look at the sentence before it to understand exactly what time period it refers to.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'Warrant' (währen) and 'Dessen' (this). You have a 'Warrant' for 'this' time. It's happening during this time.
Visual Association
Imagine two parallel lines moving together. One line is Action A, the other is Action B. The word 'Währenddessen' is the bridge between them.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe your morning routine using 'währenddessen' at least three times. For example: 'Ich koche Kaffee. Währenddessen putze ich mir die Zähne.'
Word Origin
A combination of the Middle High German 'während' (participial form of 'währen') and the genitive demonstrative pronoun 'dessen'.
Original meaning: Literally 'during that (time)'.
Germanic.Cultural Context
No specific sensitivities. It is a neutral temporal marker.
English speakers often over-use 'while' (während) as a conjunction. Using 'währenddessen' makes your German sound much more advanced and native-like because it shows you can handle adverbial positions.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Cooking/Recipes
- Lassen Sie die Soße köcheln.
- Währenddessen das Gemüse schneiden.
- Währenddessen den Ofen vorheizen.
- Was machen wir währenddessen?
Office/Work
- Ich schreibe das Protokoll.
- Können Sie währenddessen recherchieren?
- Währenddessen wurde das Meeting unterbrochen.
- Bitte warten Sie währenddessen.
News/Media
- Währenddessen in Brüssel...
- Währenddessen gab die Polizei bekannt...
- Währenddessen stiegen die Kurse.
- Die Rettungsarbeiten dauern an; währenddessen...
Storytelling
- Währenddessen ahnte er nichts.
- Währenddessen schlich der Dieb heran.
- Was geschah währenddessen im Schloss?
- Sie suchte ihn überall; währenddessen...
Household
- Räum bitte auf.
- Ich sauge währenddessen Staub.
- Kannst du währenddessen auf das Baby aufpassen?
- Wir haben währenddessen telefoniert.
Conversation Starters
"Was hast du heute Morgen gemacht und was ist währenddessen draußen passiert?"
"Ich koche heute Abend. Möchtest du mir helfen oder willst du währenddessen lieber Musik hören?"
"Hast du schon mal eine Serie geschaut und währenddessen etwas ganz anderes gelernt?"
"Wenn wir im Stau stehen, was machst du währenddessen, um nicht genervt zu sein?"
"Währenddessen ich im Urlaub war, ist in der Firma viel passiert. Willst du es hören?"
Journal Prompts
Schreibe über einen stressigen Tag. Was hast du getan und was ist währenddessen um dich herum passiert?
Beschreibe eine Szene in einem Café. Was machen die verschiedenen Gäste gleichzeitig? Nutze 'währenddessen'.
Stell dir vor, du bist ein Detektiv. Beschreibe das Alibi eines Verdächtigen: Was hat er getan und was geschah währenddessen am Tatort?
Reflektiere über Multitasking. Ist es gut, Dinge währenddessen zu tun, oder sollte man sich auf eine Sache konzentrieren?
Schreibe eine kurze Geschichte über zwei Menschen, die sich verpassen. Was macht Person A und was macht Person B währenddessen?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsIt is always written as one word in modern German. Writing 'während dessen' is considered an archaic or incorrect spelling.
Yes, it is very common! Just remember that the verb must come immediately after it (e.g., 'Währenddessen kocht er').
'Während' is a conjunction (links two parts of one sentence, verb at the end) or a preposition. 'Währenddessen' is an adverb (links two separate sentences, verb in position 2).
It is neutral to slightly formal. It is perfectly fine to use in daily conversation, but it also appears in very high-level literature and news.
Not usually. For 'however', use 'jedoch', 'aber', or 'indessen'. 'Währenddessen' is almost always about time.
No, because it is an adverb. It doesn't affect the case of the nouns in the sentence.
It is the genitive form of 'das'. So the word literally means 'during of-that', referring back to the previous sentence's event.
It's a long 'e' sound, like the 'ai' in the English word 'hair' but held longer.
Neither is 'better'. 'In der Zwischenzeit' is very common in speech, while 'währenddessen' is slightly more precise for overlapping actions.
Absolutely. It is very common in storytelling: 'Er schlief. Währenddessen stahl der Dieb sein Geld.'
Test Yourself 170 questions
Write a sentence using 'währenddessen' about a cat and a mouse.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, I am waiting for the bus.' in German.
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Identify the adverb in this sentence: 'Er arbeitet viel, und sie macht währenddessen Urlaub.'
Combine: 'Ich dusche.' and 'Du machst Kaffee.' using 'währenddessen'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Ask a friend: 'And what are you doing in the meantime?'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Listen and transcribe: 'Währenddessen passierte nichts.'
Describe two things happening at a party using 'währenddessen'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Practice: 'Währenddessen habe ich gearbeitet.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
True or False: The speaker said 'während' or 'währenddessen'?
Translate: 'The teacher is speaking. Meanwhile, the students are quiet.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, it started to rain.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Did the speaker put 'währenddessen' at the start or in the middle?
Write a sentence about a football match and fans using 'währenddessen'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'I am reading. Meanwhile, you are sleeping.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Was hast du währenddessen gemacht?'
Translate: 'The sun is shining. Meanwhile, it is cold.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, I've already finished.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Identify the number of syllables in 'währenddessen'.
Write a professional sentence using 'währenddessen' about a project.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, the situation changed.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Wir haben währenddessen gewartet.'
Translate: 'He is working. Meanwhile, she is shopping.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Can you help me in the meantime?'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Währenddessen wurde es dunkel.'
Translate: 'The train is coming. Meanwhile, I am buying a ticket.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, nothing has changed.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Ich habe währenddessen ferngesehen.'
Translate: 'I am working. Meanwhile, you are playing.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, everyone was happy.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Was ist währenddessen passiert?'
Translate: 'The baby is sleeping. Meanwhile, the father is reading.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, I've had a coffee.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Währenddessen wurde viel gelacht.'
Translate: 'The water is boiling. Meanwhile, I am preparing the pasta.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, I was very busy.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Währenddessen ist nichts Besonderes passiert.'
Translate: 'I am writing an email. Meanwhile, the phone is ringing.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, it was getting late.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Währenddessen haben wir viel gelernt.'
Translate: 'The teacher explains. Meanwhile, the students listen.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, I have arrived at home.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Was hast du währenddessen gesehen?'
Translate: 'The baby is crying. Meanwhile, the mother is sleeping.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, it was very quiet.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Währenddessen habe ich nichts gehört.'
Translate: 'It is raining. Meanwhile, we are waiting.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, the bus has arrived.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Was hast du währenddessen gemacht?'
Translate: 'He is eating. Meanwhile, she is drinking.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Meanwhile, I'm already finished.'
Read this aloud:
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Transcribe: 'Währenddessen habe ich gewartet.'
/ 170 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Use 'währenddessen' as a sentence-starter or middle-sentence adverb to show that two things are happening at once. Remember: it's an adverb, so if it starts the sentence, the verb must come next! Example: 'Ich koche. Währenddessen liest er.'
- Währenddessen is a German adverb meaning 'meanwhile' or 'at the same time'.
- It is used to link two separate sentences where the actions happen simultaneously.
- Unlike the conjunction 'während', it does not send the verb to the end of the clause.
- It is a compound of 'während' and 'dessen', literally meaning 'during that'.
The V2 Rule
Always put the verb in second position when starting with 'währenddessen'. Never put a comma after it like you do in English with 'Meanwhile,'.
Vary Your Connectors
If you have already used 'währenddessen', try 'gleichzeitig' or 'in der Zwischenzeit' in the next paragraph to keep your writing interesting.
Natural Flow
In casual speech, you can put 'währenddessen' after the subject and verb (e.g., 'Er kocht währenddessen') to make it sound less like a news report.
Professional Use
Use it in emails to coordinate tasks. 'Ich schicke die Datei. Können Sie währenddessen das Feedback einarbeiten?' sounds very professional.
Related Content
Related Phrases
More time words
abgelaufen
A2expired
ablaufen
A2to expire, run out
anfangs
A2at the beginning
aufschieben
A2to delay, to put off
außerplanmäßig
A2unscheduled, extraordinary
befristen
A2to set a deadline, to limit in time
befristet
A2limited in time, temporary
beizeiten
A2in good time
bevorstehend
A2imminent, upcoming
circa
A2approximately