Where to put pronouns with -ing verbs (Pronoun Placement with the Gerund)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
When using a gerund (-ando/-iendo), you can attach object pronouns to the end of the verb as one single word.
- Attach pronouns to the end: 'Comiéndolo' (Eating it).
- Add an accent mark when attaching to keep the stress: 'Diciéndome' (Telling me).
- Alternatively, place the pronoun before the auxiliary verb: 'Lo estoy comiendo' (I am eating it).
Overview
Spanish gerunds, ending in -ando for -ar verbs and -iendo for -er/-ir verbs, are foundational for expressing ongoing actions. When combined with auxiliary verbs like estar (to be), seguir (to continue), or ir (to go, in the progressive sense), they form what linguists call a verbal periphrasis. Think of these as powerful verbal units, where the auxiliary verb is conjugated, but the gerund remains unchanged, conveying the continuous aspect of an action.
For A2 learners, mastering this construction is vital for describing real-time events and understanding conversational flow.
What makes this topic particularly engaging for Spanish learners, even at an elementary level, is the inherent flexibility in pronoun placement within these verbal periphrases. Unlike single, conjugated verbs where pronouns almost always precede them, a gerund-based periphrasis offers two grammatically correct options for placing direct object, indirect object, and reflexive pronouns. You can either position the pronoun(s) before the entire verbal unit (specifically, before the conjugated auxiliary verb) or attach them directly to the end of the gerund.
This duality isn't random; it reflects a core linguistic principle in Spanish where multi-verb constructions, particularly those involving non-finite forms like infinitives and gerunds, can be treated as cohesive semantic blocks. The verb and its accompanying non-finite form (the gerund, in this case) function so closely together that they can effectively "share" the pronouns. However, a critical distinction, and often a source of error for learners, lies in the obligatory graphic accent (´) required when pronouns are attached to the gerund.
This accent is not optional; it’s a phonetic necessity, ensuring the original stress of the verb is preserved and pronunciation remains natural to a native ear. For instance, you can say Lo estoy leyendo (I am reading it) or Estoy leyéndolo. Both are correct, yet leyéndolo demands careful accentuation, which we will thoroughly unpack.
How This Grammar Works
estar, seguir, ir) is followed by a gerund, it creates a single conceptual action. This allows object and reflexive pronouns to either "gravitate" towards the beginning of this unit or "integrate" directly into its non-finite core.estar, seguir, or ir, is the only part of the periphrasis that changes to reflect person and number.Yo lo estoy haciendo.(I am doing it.) – Here,lo(direct object pronoun forit) precedesestoy, the conjugated form ofestar.Tú te estás lavando.(You are washing yourself.) –Te(reflexive pronoun foryourself) comes beforeestás.Nosotros se los estamos explicando.(We are explaining them to them.) – The combined pronounsse losprecedeestamos.
no, the negative particle no always precedes the pronoun(s) and the auxiliary verb: No lo estoy haciendo. (I am not doing it.) You cannot say Estoy no haciéndolo or No estoy haciéndolo with an attached pronoun, as the negation governs the entire verbal phrase, pulling the pronouns to the front.´).n, or s are stressed on the second-to-last syllable by default. Words ending in other consonants are stressed on the last syllable. When you attach one or more pronouns to a gerund, you effectively add syllables to the word.Estoy haciéndolo.(I am doing it.) – The original stress inhaciendois on theie. Addinglorequires an accent onieto preserve this stress:ha-cién-do-lo.Estás lavándote.(You are washing yourself.) –Lavandostressesa. Addingterequireslaván-do-te.Estamos explicándoselos.(We are explaining them to them.) –Explicandostressesa. Addingselosmeansex-pli-cán-do-se-los.
me lo (it to me), te la (her/it to you), se los (them to him/her/them).le/les to se conversion. When the indirect object pronouns le (to him/her/it/you formal) or les (to them/you all formal) immediately precede a direct object pronoun (lo, la, los, las), le/les must change to se. This isn't optional; it's a rule of euphony to avoid the clashing l-l sounds (le lo, le la are ungrammatical).se has no reflexive meaning here; it's purely a substitute for le/les.Estoy dándole el libro.(I am giving him the book.) → Direct:dando el libro(the book), Indirect:le(him).- Option 1:
Se lo estoy dando.(I am giving it to him.) - Option 2:
Estoy dándoselo.(I am giving it to him.)
le becomes se in both positions, demonstrating that this rule applies consistently regardless of the overall pronoun placement choice.Formation Pattern
estar + gerund) |
estar, seguir, ir) | estoy, estás, está |
-ando, -iendo) | hablando, comiendo |
[Pronoun(s)] + Auxiliary Verb (conjugated) + Gerund
estar hablando (to be speaking) | Example Verb: estar haciéndo (to be doing) |
Me estoy hablando. (I'm talking to myself.) | Me estoy haciendo. (I'm making myself.) |
Lo estoy hablando. (I'm discussing it.) | Lo estoy haciendo. (I'm doing it.) |
Les estoy hablando. (I'm speaking to them.) | Les estoy haciendo. (I'm doing for them.) |
Se lo estoy hablando. (I'm discussing it with him.) | Se lo estoy haciendo. (I'm doing it for him.) |
le/les to se rule applies: le/les always become se when followed by lo, la, los, las.
Le lo estoy diciendo.
Se lo estoy diciendo. (I am telling it to him/her/you formal).
Auxiliary Verb (conjugated) + Gerund + [Pronoun(s)]
hablando, comiendo, escribiendo).
lo, me, se los).
le/les to se rule if necessary.
explicar (to explain) + le (to him) + lo (it) -> combined pronouns will be se lo.
hablando + lo → hablandolo
comiendo + se lo → comiendoselo
´) on the vowel of that syllable. This preserves the original stress of the gerund (on the a of -ando or ie/i of -iendo).
cantando | a (can-TÁN-do)| cantandolo | cantándolo | can-tán-do-lo (accent on 3rd-to-last) |
comiendo | ie (co-MIÉN-do)| comiendolo | comiéndolo | co-mién-do-lo (accent on 3rd-to-last) |
pidiendo | i (pi-DIÉN-do)| pidiendole | pidiéndole | pi-dién-do-le (accent on 3rd-to-last) |
explicando| a (ex-pli-CÁN-do)| explicandoselo | explicándoselo | ex-pli-cán-do-se-lo (accent on 3rd-to-last) |
When To Use It
Lo estoy preparando)- Ease of Use: For many learners, and even native speakers, this option is simpler to produce because it doesn't require modifications to the gerund.
- General Preference: In most casual conversations, especially in Latin America, you'll encounter this form more frequently.
¿Qué estás viendo? Lo estoy viendo en la televisión.(What are you watching? I'm watching it on TV.)Nos están esperando en la puerta.(They are waiting for us at the door.)- Negation is Mandatory Here: When a negative particle (
no,nunca,jamás) is present, pronouns must precede the auxiliary verb. The negative particle modifies the entire verbal phrase, and its position is fixed before the pronoun and the conjugated verb. No te estoy escuchando.(I am not listening to you.) – Incorrect:Estoy no escuchándote.Nunca se lo están diciendo.(They are never telling it to him/her/them.)
Estoy preparándolo)- Cohesion: It treats the gerund and its associated pronouns as a single, inseparable unit, which can feel more impactful in certain phrasings.
Estoy leyéndolo ahora mismo, no me molestes.(I'm reading it right now, don't bother me.) – This feels slightly more emphatic on the act of reading.Sigues buscándolo, ¿verdad?(You're still looking for it, right?) – The continuous search is framed as a single activity.- Emphasis (Subtle): Sometimes, attaching the pronoun can subtly emphasize the action. Consider
¡Me están viendo!(They are seeing me!) versus¡Están viéndome!(They are seeing me!). The nuance is minimal and often conveyed more by intonation in spoken Spanish rather than solely by pronoun placement.
Common Mistakes
´)- The Mistake: Writing
Estoy haciendoloinstead ofEstoy haciéndolo. This is, without a doubt, the most common and persistent error, even for advanced learners. - Why it's Wrong (Linguistic Principle): Spanish has fundamental rules of stress. Words ending in a vowel,
n, orsare naturally stressed on the second-to-last syllable (paroxytone/grave). Words ending in other consonants are stressed on the last syllable (oxytone/aguda). A graphic accent (tilde) overrides these natural rules. When you attach one or more pronouns to a gerund, you are adding syllables. This addition means the original stressed syllable of the gerund (e.g.,mienincomiendo) is no longer the second-to-last or last syllable from the end of the new, longer word. Without the written accent, the word would naturally shift its stress according to the default rules, completely altering its pronunciation.Comiendolo(co-mién-do-lo) would incorrectly becomecomien-dó-lo(co-mien-dó-lo), stressing the penultimateo. - Correction: Always count three syllables back from the very end of the newly formed word (gerund + pronoun(s)) and place the accent on the vowel of that third-to-last syllable. This typically corresponds to the vowel of the
-andoor-iendoending. For example,(ha-cién)-do-lo,(can-tán)-do-se-lo.
le/les to se Conversion- The Mistake: Using
Le lo estoy dandoorEstoy dándolelo. - Why it's Wrong (Euphony): Spanish grammar dictates that
leorles(indirect object pronouns) cannot directly precedelo,la,los,las(direct object pronouns). This is a rule of euphony, meaning it's to prevent an awkward or difficult-to-pronounce sequence of sounds (l-l). Instead,leorlesmust transform intosein this specific context. Thissedoes not carry a reflexive meaning here; it solely serves as a placeholder forleorles. - Correction: Always replace
leorleswithsewhen they are followed by a direct object pronoun (lo,la,los,las). - Correct:
Se lo estoy explicando.(I am explaining it to him/her/them.) - Correct:
Estoy explicándoselo.(I am explaining it to him/her/them.)
- The Mistake:
Lo me está explicandoorEstá explicandolo me. - Why it's Wrong (Fixed Order): In Spanish, when multiple pronouns are used together, their order is rigidly fixed. The pattern is always Reflexive Pronoun / Indirect Object Pronoun + Direct Object Pronoun. This order is immutable, whether the pronouns precede the auxiliary or are attached to the gerund.
Me lo,te la,se los,nos lasare correct;lo me,la te,los seare not. - Correction: Adhere strictly to the
Reflexive/Indirect + Directorder. - Correct:
Me lo está diciendo.(He/She is telling it to me.) - Correct:
Está diciéndomelo.(He/She is telling it to me.)
- The Mistake:
Te estoy dándolo(one pronoun before, one attached). - Why it's Wrong (Unitary Nature): The pronouns associated with a single gerund-based periphrasis function as a unit. They must either all go before the auxiliary verb or all attach to the gerund. You cannot split them across the auxiliary verb.
- Correction: Keep all pronouns together.
- Correct:
Te lo estoy dando.(I am giving it to you.) - Correct:
Estoy dándotelo.(I am giving it to you.)
- The Mistake: Assuming
haciendolo(gerund) doesn't need an accent becauseverlo(infinitive) doesn't. - Why it's Wrong (Different Stress Patterns): While both infinitives and gerunds allow pronoun attachment, their inherent stress patterns differ significantly, leading to different accentuation rules. Most two-syllable infinitives (like
ver,hacer,comer) are naturally stressed on the last syllable. When you attach a single pronoun, they typically becomegrave(stressed on the second-to-last syllable) and thus don't require an accent (ver-lo,ha-cer-lo,co-mer-lo). However, gerunds (hablando,comiendo) are typically three syllables before adding pronouns and have their stress on the first syllable of the-ando/-iendoending. When you attach pronouns, the resulting word almost always becomes anesdrújula(stressed on the third-to-last syllable), which always requires a graphic accent in Spanish. Theesdrújularule is absolute. - Correction: Remember the strict accent rule for gerunds: when pronouns are attached, it will almost certainly be an
esdrújulaword requiring an accent on the original gerund's stressed vowel.
- The Mistake:
Yo leyendo un libro.(Incorrect, like saying "Me reading a book" in English). - Why it's Wrong (Grammatical Function): In Spanish, a gerund, by itself, cannot function as a main, conjugated verb to express a continuous action (unlike English, where "I am reading" and "I reading" are different). The gerund must always be accompanied by an auxiliary verb (e.g.,
estar,seguir,ir) to form a complete verbal periphrasis that can act as the main predicate of a sentence. - Correction: Always pair the gerund with a conjugated auxiliary verb.
- Correct:
Estoy leyendo un libro.(I am reading a book.)
Real Conversations
Understanding the grammatical rules is one thing; observing how native speakers actually apply them in everyday communication provides invaluable insight. In real Spanish conversations, both pronoun placement options with gerunds (Lo estoy haciendo and Estoy haciéndolo) are used, with subtle tendencies that often depend on context, pace, and individual speaking style.
In Casual Spoken Spanish / Texting:
In fast-paced conversations, informal chats, or texting, the preference often leans towards placing pronouns before the auxiliary verb. This is because it requires less mental processing regarding accentuation and allows for a smoother, quicker flow of speech. It's perceived as more direct.
- ¿Qué estás haciendo? (What are you doing?)
- Lo estoy terminando, casi listo. (I'm finishing it, almost ready.) – Very common, especially in quick replies.
- Estoy terminándolo, dame un minuto. (I'm finishing it, give me a minute.) – Also perfectly natural, perhaps slightly more deliberate.
- Mis amigos me están esperando. (My friends are waiting for me.) – This is highly typical.
- Texting: Te lo estoy enviando ahora. (I'm sending it to you now.) vs. Estoy enviándotelo ahora. (Less common for quick texts due to accent).
In More Deliberate Speech / Formal Contexts:
While not strictly formal, the attached form can sometimes appear in more measured or considered speech, or when an utterance is crafted with a particular rhythm. It can also appear in written Spanish, like in reports or formal emails, though often still competing with the pre-auxiliary form.
- Estoy revisándolo con atención. (I am reviewing it carefully.) – Can sound slightly more polished or focused on the act of reviewing.
- La empresa nos está apoyando en el proyecto. (The company is supporting us in the project.) – Standard.
- La empresa está apoyándonos en el proyecto. (The company is supporting us in the project.) – Equally correct, perhaps a slight emphasis on the apoyando.
Regional Nuances:
While both constructions are universally understood, subtle regional preferences exist. In some parts of Spain, the attached form might be used with slightly greater frequency or considered more elegant in certain contexts compared to some Latin American countries, where the pre-auxiliary position can be overwhelmingly dominant in daily speech. However, these are tendencies, not strict rules. A speaker in Madrid might use Están diciéndomelo as readily as a speaker in Buenos Aires uses Me lo están diciendo depending on their individual style and the context.
Intonation and Emphasis:
In spoken Spanish, intonation plays a huge role. The perceived emphasis of a pronoun is often more about how you say it than its placement. A stressed Me in ¡Me lo estás diciendo! (You're telling me this!) can carry more weight than an attached pronoun, even if Estás diciéndomelo is grammatically sound. The flexibility of pronoun placement allows for a nuanced dance with rhythm and emphasis, which A2 learners can begin to notice.
Quick FAQ
Lo estoy haciendo) and attaching them to the gerund (Estoy haciéndolo) are grammatically 100% correct. There is no difference in meaning between them. The choice is primarily stylistic, often influenced by flow, rhythm, emphasis, or simply personal preference.no, nunca, or jamás, the pronoun(s) must be placed before the conjugated auxiliary verb.No te estoy escuchando. (I am not listening to you.) – Incorrect: Estoy no escuchándote.le/les to se rule apply to both placement options?le or les to se when they immediately precede lo, la, los, or las is a fundamental rule of Spanish pronoun combinations. It applies consistently, whether those combined pronouns are placed before the auxiliary verb or attached to the gerund.Se lo estoy dando and Estoy dándoselo both correctly use se instead of le or les.´) on the vowel that was originally stressed in the gerund. To find this, count three syllables back from the very end of the newly formed word (the gerund plus the attached pronoun(s)). The accent will fall on the vowel of that third-to-last syllable.a of -ando gerunds (e.g., cantándolo) or the ie/i of -iendo gerunds (e.g., comiéndolo).estar + gerund, or other auxiliary verbs too?estar (to be, in progressive), seguir (to continue), ir (to go, in progressive, e.g., ir haciendo - to gradually do), venir (to come, in progressive, e.g., venir diciendo - to have been saying). For example: Lo sigo buscando. (I keep looking for it.) or Sigo buscándolo. (I keep looking for it.) The rules for pronoun order and accentuation remain the same.ver, hacer) are naturally stressed on their last syllable. When a single pronoun is attached, the word often becomes grave (stressed on the second-to-last syllable), which does not require a written accent by default Spanish rules (e.g., ver-lo).comiendo, hablando) are typically three syllables before adding pronouns, and their inherent stress is on the first syllable of their ending (-ándo, -iéndo). When pronouns are attached, these words almost always become esdrújula (stressed on the third-to-last syllable), and esdrújula words always require a graphic accent in Spanish. It's a mandatory phonetic cue to preserve the original stress.hacerlo has no accent, but haciéndolo does.Gerund Pronoun Attachment
| Gerund | Pronoun | Result | Accent? |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Comiendo
|
lo
|
Comiéndolo
|
Sí
|
|
Diciendo
|
me
|
Diciéndome
|
Sí
|
|
Haciendo
|
nos
|
Haciéndonos
|
Sí
|
|
Mirando
|
la
|
Mirándola
|
Sí
|
|
Buscando
|
te
|
Buscándote
|
Sí
|
|
Trayendo
|
lo
|
Trayéndolo
|
Sí
|
|
Leyendo
|
lo
|
Leyéndolo
|
Sí
|
|
Dando
|
me
|
Dándome
|
Sí
|
Meanings
This rule governs how direct and indirect object pronouns are placed when using the Spanish progressive form (estar + gerundio).
Attached placement
Attaching the pronoun to the end of the gerund.
“Están mirándome.”
“Sigue explicándonoslo.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative (Attached)
|
Gerund + Pronoun
|
Estoy buscándote
|
|
Affirmative (Pre-verb)
|
Pronoun + Estar + Gerund
|
Te estoy buscando
|
|
Negative (Attached)
|
No + Estar + Gerund + Pronoun
|
No estoy buscándote
|
|
Negative (Pre-verb)
|
No + Pronoun + Estar + Gerund
|
No te estoy buscando
|
|
Double Pronoun
|
Gerund + Pronoun1 + Pronoun2
|
Diciéndomelo
|
|
Question
|
Estar + Subject + Gerund + Pronoun?
|
¿Estás buscándome?
|
|
Question (Pre-verb)
|
Estar + Subject + Pronoun + Gerund?
|
¿Me estás buscando?
|
Formality Spectrum
Lo estoy comiendo. (Dining)
Estoy comiéndolo. (Dining)
Estoy comiéndolo. (Dining)
Me lo estoy comiendo. (Dining)
Pronoun Placement Options
Option 1
- Lo estoy haciendo It I am doing
Option 2
- Estoy haciéndolo I am doing it
Examples by Level
Estoy buscándote.
I am looking for you.
Está comiéndolo.
He is eating it.
Me estás oyendo?
Are you hearing me?
Estamos haciéndolo.
We are doing it.
Sigue explicándomelo.
Keep explaining it to me.
Están mirándonos.
They are looking at us.
Estoy leyéndolo ahora.
I am reading it now.
Ella está llamándote.
She is calling you.
No dejes de intentándolo.
Don't stop trying it.
Estábamos buscándote por todas partes.
We were looking for you everywhere.
Si sigues diciéndomelo, lo creeré.
If you keep telling me, I will believe it.
Estamos terminándolo de hacer.
We are finishing doing it.
Llevo horas estudiándolo.
I have been studying it for hours.
Sigue dándonos problemas.
It keeps giving us problems.
Estamos considerándolo seriamente.
We are considering it seriously.
Me está gustando viéndolo así.
I am liking seeing it like this.
Viene diciéndomelo desde ayer.
He has been telling me that since yesterday.
Sigue ocultándonoslo a propósito.
He keeps hiding it from us on purpose.
Estamos analizándolo minuciosamente.
We are analyzing it thoroughly.
No para de recitándomelo.
He doesn't stop reciting it to me.
Viene trayéndonoslo cada semana.
He has been bringing it to us every week.
Sigue demostrándonoslo con hechos.
He keeps proving it to us with facts.
Estamos debatiéndolo intensamente.
We are debating it intensely.
Continúa explicándonoslo con detalle.
He continues explaining it to us in detail.
Easily Confused
Learners mix up -ando/-iendo with -ar/-er/-ir.
Thinking one is 'more correct' than the other.
Putting the accent on the pronoun.
Common Mistakes
Comiendolo
Comiéndolo
Lo estoy comiendo
Lo estoy comiendo (or Estoy comiéndolo)
Estoy lo comiendo
Lo estoy comiendo
Comiendo lo
Comiéndolo
Diciendome
Diciéndome
Estoy dándome lo
Estoy dándomelo
Dándomelo
Dándomelo (but check context)
Sigue explicandolo
Sigue explicándolo
Estoy lo buscando
Lo estoy buscando
Buscandolo
Buscándolo
Viene diciendoselo
Viene diciéndoselo
Analizandolo
Analizándolo
Ocultandonoslo
Ocultándonoslo
Sentence Patterns
Estoy ___lo.
___ estoy buscándolo.
Sigo ___lo.
Estamos ___noslo.
Real World Usage
Estoy buscándote.
Estamos analizándolo.
Estoy comiéndolo.
Estamos buscándolo.
Estoy viéndolo.
Estamos arreglándolo.
The Accent Rule
Don't over-attach
Fluidity
Regional variation
Smart Tips
Think: 'Can I glue a pronoun to this?'
Always check for the accent mark.
Use the attached form to avoid 'lo' getting lost.
Attach them both in order.
Pronunciation
Accent shift
The accent mark indicates where the stress falls, which is usually the same as the original gerund.
Statement
Estoy comiéndolo ↓
Falling intonation for a simple statement.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Glue the pronoun to the end, but don't forget the accent friend!
Visual Association
Imagine a magnet (the pronoun) snapping onto the back of a train car (the gerund). The magnet is so strong it leaves a glowing mark (the accent) where it attaches.
Rhyme
When the action is still going on, add the pronoun till it's gone. Put an accent on the stress, to avoid a grammar mess!
Story
Maria is eating an apple. She is 'comiendo'. She wants to say she is eating 'it'. She grabs the 'lo' and glues it to the back: 'comiéndolo'. She adds the accent to make sure it sounds perfect.
Word Web
Challenge
Write 3 sentences describing what you are doing right now using attached pronouns.
Cultural Notes
Attachment is very common in all registers.
Both forms are used, but pre-verbal is slightly more common in formal speech.
Attachment is standard and very frequent.
The gerundio comes from the Latin gerundium.
Conversation Starters
¿Qué estás haciendo ahora?
¿Me estás entendiendo?
¿Estás buscándome?
¿Sigues leyéndolo?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
Estoy ___ (comiendo + lo).
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Está diciendome.
Lo estoy haciendo.
Can you attach pronouns to 'como'?
A: ¿Estás leyendo el libro? B: Sí, estoy ___.
estamos / explicándonoslo / nosotros
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercisesEstoy ___ (comiendo + lo).
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Está diciendome.
Lo estoy haciendo.
Can you attach pronouns to 'como'?
A: ¿Estás leyendo el libro? B: Sí, estoy ___.
estamos / explicándonoslo / nosotros
Mirando + la
Score: /8
Practice Bank
9 exercisesElla ____ está contando.
Estamos escuchandote.
estoy / lo / preparando / yo
I am following you (informal).
How do you say 'They are giving it (the gift) to us'?
Match the Spanish to the English.
La limonada está rica, estoy ____.
Lo estoy comprándote.
Select the correct double pronoun attachment for 'escribiendo'.
Score: /9
FAQ (8)
No, it is optional. You can always place the pronoun before the auxiliary verb.
The accent mark preserves the original stress of the gerund.
Yes, you can attach both direct and indirect object pronouns.
Only with gerunds and infinitives.
The pre-verbal position is slightly more common in formal writing, but both are acceptable.
It's a common mistake, but it's technically orthographically incorrect.
Most other languages do not have this specific clitic attachment.
Try writing sentences describing your current actions.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
En train de + infinitive
French does not allow pronoun attachment to the gerund.
Am + infinitive
German has no equivalent to enclitic pronouns.
Te-iru form
Japanese is agglutinative but doesn't use clitics like Spanish.
Active participle
Arabic suffixation is mandatory, not optional.
Zai + verb
Chinese is an isolating language.
Gerundio
None.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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