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B2 noun 11 min read

علوم اجتماعی

olum-e ejtemā'i
Examples علوم اجتماعی in 30 Seconds
Explanation علوم اجتماعی in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about the complex academic theories of social sciences. You should simply recognize 'علوم اجتماعی' (Olum-e Ejtemā'i) as a name for a subject in school or university, much like 'Math' or 'History'. Think of 'علوم' as 'sciences' and 'اجتماعی' as 'social' (related to people and society). You might use it to say what you study or what your friend's job is. For example: 'I like social sciences' (من علوم اجتماعی را دوست دارم). It's a long phrase, but it's just a name! You will see it on signs at big universities in Iran. Just remember that it is two words connected by a small 'e' sound in the middle.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'علوم اجتماعی' in simple sentences about education and interests. You should know that 'علوم' is plural, so if you use a verb with it as the subject, the verb should also be plural (though in casual speech, people sometimes use singular). You can say 'I am a student of social sciences' (من دانشجوی علوم اجتماعی هستم). You might also see this word in news headlines about 'social' things. It's helpful to know that 'اجتماعی' comes from 'اجتماع' (a gathering of people). This helps you remember that the word is all about how people live together in groups. You can also use it to describe a book: 'This is a social science book' (این یک کتاب علوم اجتماعی است).
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At the B1 level, you should be able to discuss 'علوم اجتماعی' in the context of society and careers. You can explain that this field includes subjects like sociology and anthropology. You should be comfortable using it with prepositions, like 'research in the field of social sciences' (تحقیق در زمینه علوم اجتماعی). You can also start to use related terms like 'social problems' (مسائل اجتماعی). At this level, you should understand that 'علوم اجتماعی' is a formal term. If you are talking to a professor or writing an essay about society, this is the correct term to use. You can also talk about the importance of this field: 'Social sciences are important for the future of the country' (علوم اجتماعی برای آینده کشور مهم هستند).
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'علوم اجتماعی' in academic or professional discussions. You should understand the nuances between this term and 'Humanities' (علوم انسانی). You can discuss the 'methodology' (روش‌شناسی) or 'theories' (نظریه‌ها) of social sciences. You should be able to read short academic articles or news reports that use this term to analyze social trends in Iran. For example, you might discuss how 'social science findings' (یافته‌های علوم اجتماعی) can influence government policy. You should also be aware of the institutional history of the field in Iran, such as the importance of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Tehran. Your sentences should be more complex, using the Ezafe construction correctly every time.
At the C1 level, you should have a deep understanding of the discourse surrounding 'علوم اجتماعی' in the Persian-speaking world. This includes the debates about 'indigenous social science' (علوم اجتماعی بومی) versus Western theories. You should be able to use the term in high-level academic writing, critiquing specific schools of thought within the field. You can discuss the 'interdisciplinary' (میان‌رشته‌ای) nature of modern social sciences. You should be able to follow complex lectures or podcasts that use the term as a starting point for deep philosophical and structural critiques of society. You should also be familiar with the names of prominent Iranian social scientists and how they have used 'علوم اجتماعی' to shape public thought.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'علوم اجتماعی' should be near-native. You can use the term to navigate the most complex intellectual landscapes, from post-structuralist critiques to quantitative demographic analysis. You understand the historical evolution of the term from the early 20th century to the present day. You can engage in debates about the 'epistemology' (معرفت‌شناسی) of the social sciences in a Persian context. You are able to write peer-reviewed quality articles or give keynote speeches using the term with absolute precision. You recognize the subtle ways the term is used in political rhetoric to signal certain ideologies. For you, 'علوم اجتماعی' is not just a vocabulary word, but a vast field of knowledge that you can manipulate and discuss with total ease.
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Examples

علوم اجتماعی in 30 Seconds

  • Refers to the academic field of Social Sciences.
  • A compound of 'sciences' (علوم) and 'social' (اجتماعی).
  • Used in formal, academic, and journalistic contexts.
  • Essential for discussing sociology, anthropology, and policy.

The term علوم اجتماعی (pronounced 'Olum-e Ejtemā'i') is a compound noun in Persian that serves as the direct equivalent of the English term 'Social Sciences'. It is a plural construct, where 'علوم' (Olum) is the Arabic-origin broken plural of 'علم' (Elm), meaning 'science' or 'knowledge', and 'اجتماعی' (Ejtemā'i) is an adjective derived from 'اجتماع' (Ejtemā'), meaning 'society' or 'gathering'. Together, they represent a vast academic field dedicated to the systematic study of human society, social relationships, and individual behavior within a collective context. In contemporary Iran and the broader Persian-speaking world, this term carries significant weight in academic, political, and journalistic discourses. It is not merely a label for a university department but a framework through which modern societal challenges—ranging from urbanization and economic shifts to cultural identity and gender roles—are analyzed and understood.

Academic Context
In universities, 'علوم اجتماعی' encompasses various disciplines including sociology (جامعه‌شناسی), anthropology (مردم‌شناسی), and sometimes psychology or economics, depending on the faculty structure.
Daily Discourse
While primarily academic, you will hear this term in news reports discussing 'social issues' (مسائل اجتماعی) or when experts analyze the impact of new laws on the fabric of society.

Understanding this word requires recognizing that in Persian culture, the 'social' aspect is deeply intertwined with history and philosophy. When an Iranian intellectual speaks of علوم اجتماعی, they are often invoking a tradition of critical thinking that seeks to balance traditional Iranian values with modern global theories. This term is frequently used in the context of 'development' (توسعه) and 'modernity' (مدرنیته), as these are central themes in Iranian social scientific research.

تحلیلگران بر این باورند که بدون توجه به علوم اجتماعی، نمی‌توان مشکلات اقتصادی را حل کرد.

Translation: Analysts believe that without paying attention to social sciences, one cannot solve economic problems.

Historically, the institutionalization of social sciences in Iran began in the mid-20th century, notably with the establishment of the Institute for Social Studies and Research at the University of Tehran. Therefore, using this term often carries a connotation of institutional authority and rigorous methodology. If you are discussing social trends at a party, you might use the word 'جامعه' (society), but if you are citing a study or an expert opinion, you must use علوم اجتماعی.

دانشکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه تهران یکی از قدیمی‌ترین مراکز علمی در این حوزه است.

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Formal and Academic. It is rarely used in slang or very casual conversation unless the topic is specifically about university majors.

Furthermore, the term is essential for anyone interested in the humanities (علوم انسانی). In the Iranian education system, 'Social Sciences' is a specific track in high school that prepares students for careers in law, sociology, and social work. Thus, for many Iranians, the term is associated with their formative educational years and their choice of career path.

او در دبیرستان رشته علوم اجتماعی را انتخاب کرد.

In summary, علوم اجتماعی is a bridge between the individual and the collective. It provides the vocabulary to discuss complex phenomena like 'social capital' (سرمایه اجتماعی), 'social justice' (عدالت اجتماعی), and 'social change' (تغییرات اجتماعی). Its usage signifies a move from anecdotal observation to structured, scientific inquiry into how people live together.

Using علوم اجتماعی correctly involves understanding its role as an Ezafe construction and its typical placement in formal Persian syntax. Because it is a plural noun phrase, it often functions as the subject of a sentence or the object of a preposition. It is most frequently paired with verbs like 'مطالعه کردن' (to study), 'تدریس کردن' (to teach), 'تحقیق کردن' (to research), and 'بررسی کردن' (to examine/investigate).

As a Subject
'علوم اجتماعی به ما کمک می‌کند تا رفتار انسان‌ها را در گروه‌ها درک کنیم.' (Social sciences help us understand human behavior in groups.)

One of the most common ways you will see this word is in the context of university degrees. In Persian, you don't just 'major' in something; you 'study in the field of' (در رشته ... تحصیل کردن). Therefore, you would say: 'من در رشته علوم اجتماعی تحصیل می‌کنم.' This structure is vital for any student or professional.

او مدرک دکترای خود را در رشته علوم اجتماعی از دانشگاه تهران دریافت کرد.

Translation: He/She received their PhD in social sciences from the University of Tehran.

Another frequent usage is as a qualifier for other nouns, using the Ezafe (-e) link. Common examples include 'نظریه‌های علوم اجتماعی' (social science theories) or 'روش‌های تحقیق در علوم اجتماعی' (research methods in social sciences). Notice how the 'e' sound at the end of 'نظریه‌های' or 'روش‌های' connects the concept to the field.

In political or social commentary, علوم اجتماعی is often contrasted with 'علوم پایه' (basic/natural sciences) or 'علوم انسانی' (humanities). When making such comparisons, the term stands alone as a categorical noun. For example: 'تفاوت میان علوم اجتماعی و علوم پایه در روش‌شناسی آن‌هاست.' (The difference between social sciences and basic sciences lies in their methodology.)

بسیاری از مفاهیم مدرن ریشه در علوم اجتماعی دارند.

When using the term in a more abstract sense, it can be the object of verbs like 'اهمیت دادن' (to give importance to). For instance: 'دولت باید به یافته‌های علوم اجتماعی اهمیت بیشتری بدهد.' (The government should give more importance to the findings of social sciences.) This highlights the practical application of the field in policy-making.

Common Verb Pairings
- تدریس علوم اجتماعی (Teaching social sciences)
- پژوهش در علوم اجتماعی (Research in social sciences)
- کاربرد علوم اجتماعی (Application of social sciences)

Finally, in the context of book titles or course names, the term is usually preceded by 'مبانی' (foundations) or 'کلیات' (generalities). A student might say: 'امروز امتحان مبانی علوم اجتماعی دارم.' (Today I have a 'Foundations of Social Sciences' exam.) This is a very common sentence for university students in Iran.

کتاب‌های مرجع در زمینه علوم اجتماعی معمولاً به زبان‌های مختلف ترجمه می‌شوند.

The term علوم اجتماعی is ubiquitous in specific spheres of Iranian life. If you walk onto the campus of any major Iranian university, particularly the University of Tehran, Allameh Tabataba'i University, or Shahid Beheshti University, you will see this term emblazoned on building signs and department directories. It is the 'home' for students of sociology, anthropology, and social planning. In this environment, the word is spoken dozens of times a day as students discuss their schedules, professors, and research interests.

News and Media
On television programs like 'Talk-e-No' or in newspapers like 'Shargh' and 'Etemad', experts are often introduced as 'Professor of Social Sciences' (استاد علوم اجتماعی). They are called upon to explain phenomena like the 'brain drain' (مهاجرت نخبگان) or changing marriage patterns.

In the world of publishing, the 'Social Science' section of bookstores (like those on Enqelab Street in Tehran) is often the most crowded. Iranians have a long-standing interest in understanding their own society through a scientific lens. You will hear customers asking, 'آیا کتاب جدیدی در حوزه علوم اجتماعی دارید؟' (Do you have any new books in the field of social sciences?). This reflects a deep cultural engagement with the subject matter.

در بخش علوم اجتماعی کتابفروشی، آثار متفکران بزرگی چون ماکس وبر و امیل دورکیم به چشم می‌خورد.

Translation: In the social sciences section of the bookstore, works by great thinkers like Max Weber and Emile Durkheim are visible.

The term also appears frequently in governmental and NGO reports. When discussing 'social welfare' (رفاه اجتماعی) or 'poverty reduction' (کاهش فقر), policy-makers often refer to 'پژوهش‌های علوم اجتماعی' (social science research) to justify their decisions. In these contexts, the word lends an air of objective credibility to the discussion.

You might also hear this term in the context of 'Humanities and Social Sciences' (علوم انسانی و اجتماعی) as a combined category in national exams (Konkur). Every year, hundreds of thousands of high school graduates compete to enter these programs. For these students and their families, علوم اجتماعی represents a future career and a specific social status.

نتایج کنکور در گروه علوم اجتماعی و انسانی اعلام شد.

Podcasts and Webinars
Contemporary Iranian podcasts like 'B-Plus' or 'Radio Marz' often touch upon themes from the social sciences. While they use accessible language, they frequently credit 'social science experts' for the insights provided.

Lastly, during election cycles or periods of social unrest, the term becomes a staple of political analysis. Commentators will say, 'از منظر علوم اجتماعی، این رفتار مردم قابل پیش‌بینی بود.' (From the perspective of social sciences, this behavior of the people was predictable.) In these moments, the term moves from the ivory tower of the university into the heart of public life.

همایش بین‌المللی علوم اجتماعی ماه آینده در تهران برگزار خواهد شد.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make when using علوم اجتماعی is confusing it with 'علوم انسانی' (Humanities). While they are related and often grouped together, they are distinct. 'Humanities' covers literature, philosophy, and history, whereas 'Social Sciences' specifically focuses on society and social structures using empirical or scientific methods. Using one when you mean the other can lead to confusion in an academic setting.

Mistake 1: Singular vs. Plural
Incorrect: 'علم اجتماعی بسیار جالب است.' (Social science is very interesting.)
Correct: 'علوم اجتماعی بسیار جالب هستند.' (Social sciences are very interesting.)
Explanation: In Persian, the field is almost always referred to in the plural.

Another error involves the placement of the Ezafe. Because 'علوم' ends in a consonant and 'اجتماعی' starts the adjective, the link is a short 'e' sound. Beginners often omit this link or mispronounce it, which makes the phrase sound like two separate words rather than a single concept. It should be 'Olum-e Ejtemā'i', not 'Olum Ejtemā'i'.

اشتباه متداول: من علم اجتماع می‌خوانم.
درست: من علوم اجتماعی می‌خوانم.

Note: 'Elm-e Ejtemā' is an archaic or incorrect way to refer to the modern field.

A subtle but important mistake is using 'علوم اجتماعی' when you specifically mean 'Sociology' (جامعه‌شناسی). While sociology is a *part* of social sciences, if you are talking about a specific sociological theory (like conflict theory), it is better to use 'جامعه‌شناسی'. Using the broader term can make your speech sound vague or imprecise.

In writing, ensure you don't confuse 'اجتماعی' (social) with 'اجتماع' (society/gathering). You study 'social sciences' (علوم اجتماعی), not 'society sciences' (علوم اجتماع). This is a common typo even for intermediate learners because the words look similar in script.

Mistake 2: Preposition Usage
Incorrect: 'تحقیق درباره علوم اجتماعی' (Research about social sciences - as if the field itself is the subject).
Correct: 'تحقیق در حوزه علوم اجتماعی' (Research in the field of social sciences).
Explanation: Use 'در حوزه' or 'در زمینه' for academic fields.

Finally, avoid translating 'Social Sciences' as 'دانش‌های اجتماعی'. While 'دانش' means knowledge/science, 'علوم' is the standard, established term in the Iranian academic system. Using 'دانش‌های اجتماعی' might be understood, but it will sound like a literal translation from English rather than natural Persian.

نباید علوم اجتماعی را با فعالیت‌های سیاسی اشتباه گرفت.

Translation: One should not confuse social sciences with political activities.

To truly master the use of علوم اجتماعی, it is helpful to understand the related terms that occupy the same semantic space. Persian has a rich vocabulary for discussing society, and choosing the right word depends on whether you are being academic, descriptive, or informal.

جامعه‌شناسی (Sociology)
This is the most common sub-field. While 'علوم اجتماعی' is the umbrella, 'جامعه‌شناسی' is the specific study of social life and change. In casual talk, people often use them interchangeably, but in a university, they are distinct.
علوم انسانی (Humanities)
A broader category that includes social sciences alongside philosophy, literature, and art. If you are talking about the 'Liberal Arts' in general, this is the term to use.

When you want to talk about the *application* of social science, you might use 'مددکاری اجتماعی' (Social Work) or 'برنامه‌ریزی اجتماعی' (Social Planning). These terms are more focused on practice and policy than the theoretical 'علوم اجتماعی'.

تفاوت اصلی بین علوم اجتماعی و مددکاری اجتماعی در جنبه نظری و عملی آن‌هاست.

Translation: The main difference between social sciences and social work is in their theoretical and practical aspects.

Other related terms include 'مردم‌شناسی' (Anthropology) and 'جمعیت‌شناسی' (Demography). These are specific 'sciences' (علوم) that fall under the social science umbrella. In a professional context, being specific shows a higher level of Persian proficiency.

If you are looking for a more modern or interdisciplinary term, you might encounter 'مطالعات فرهنگی' (Cultural Studies). This field often overlaps with social sciences but focuses more on media, identity, and symbols. Using this term suggests a contemporary, critical approach.

بسیاری از دانشجویان علوم اجتماعی به مطالعات فرهنگی نیز علاقه‌مند هستند.

Alternative: مطالعات اجتماعی (Social Studies)
Used primarily in primary and secondary education. If you are talking about what a 5th grader learns about history and geography, use 'مطالعات اجتماعی'. If you are talking about a university degree, use 'علوم اجتماعی'.

In summary, while علوم اجتماعی is the standard academic term, you have a variety of more specific or broader words depending on your context. Using 'جامعه‌شناسی' for theory, 'مددکاری' for practice, and 'علوم انسانی' for the general field of human knowledge will make your Persian sound more nuanced and professional.

رشته علوم اجتماعی شامل زیرشاخه‌های متعددی است.

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Examples by Level

1

او علوم اجتماعی می‌خواند.

He/She studies social sciences.

The verb 'می‌خواند' means 'studies' or 'reads' in this context.

2

کتاب علوم اجتماعی کجاست؟

Where is the social science book?

Simple question structure with 'کجاست'.

3

من علوم اجتماعی را دوست دارم.

I like social sciences.

Use 'را' because 'علوم اجتماعی' is a specific object.

4

این کلاس علوم اجتماعی است.

This is the social science class.

Simple demonstrative 'این' with the verb 'است'.

5

برادرم استاد علوم اجتماعی است.

My brother is a social science professor.

The word 'استاد' means professor.

6

علوم اجتماعی جالب است.

Social science is interesting.

Adjective 'جالب' follows the noun.

7

ما فردا امتحان علوم اجتماعی داریم.

We have a social science exam tomorrow.

The verb 'داریم' means 'we have'.

8

او در دانشکده علوم اجتماعی است.

He/She is in the Faculty of Social Sciences.

'دانشکده' means faculty or department.

1

من می‌خواهم در رشته علوم اجتماعی درس بخوانم.

I want to study in the field of social sciences.

'در رشته' is the standard way to say 'in the major of'.

2

علوم اجتماعی به ما درباره مردم می‌گوید.

Social sciences tell us about people.

'درباره' means 'about'.

3

آیا شما به علوم اجتماعی علاقه دارید؟

Are you interested in social sciences?

'به ... علاقه داشتن' means 'to be interested in'.

4

او کتاب‌های زیادی در مورد علوم اجتماعی دارد.

He/She has many books about social sciences.

'در مورد' is a synonym for 'درباره'.

5

درس علوم اجتماعی در دبیرستان سخت بود.

The social science lesson in high school was hard.

'سخت' means hard/difficult.

6

ما در کلاس علوم اجتماعی بحث می‌کنیم.

We discuss in the social science class.

'بحث کردن' is a compound verb meaning 'to discuss'.

7

او می‌خواهد محقق علوم اجتماعی شود.

He/She wants to become a social science researcher.

'محقق' means researcher.

8

علوم اجتماعی یکی از رشته‌های مهم است.

Social sciences is one of the important fields.

'یکی از' means 'one of'.

1

علوم اجتماعی به بررسی ساختارهای جامعه می‌پردازد.

Social sciences deal with the examination of society's structures.

The verb 'پرداختن به' means 'to deal with' or 'to address'.

2

بسیاری از مشکلات جامعه را می‌توان از طریق علوم اجتماعی حل کرد.

Many of society's problems can be solved through social sciences.

'از طریق' means 'through' or 'by means of'.

3

او پایان‌نامه خود را در حوزه علوم اجتماعی نوشت.

He/She wrote their thesis in the field of social sciences.

'پایان‌نامه' means thesis or dissertation.

4

دانشجویان علوم اجتماعی باید مهارت‌های تحقیق خوبی داشته باشند.

Social science students must have good research skills.

The subjunctive 'داشته باشند' is used after 'باید'.

5

علوم اجتماعی به ما کمک می‌کند تا تغییرات فرهنگی را درک کنیم.

Social sciences help us understand cultural changes.

'درک کردن' means 'to understand' or 'to comprehend'.

6

او به عنوان کارشناس علوم اجتماعی در شهرداری کار می‌کند.

He/She works as a social science expert in the municipality.

'به عنوان' means 'as' or 'in the capacity of'.

7

رابطه بین اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی بسیار نزدیک است.

The relationship between economics and social sciences is very close.

'رابطه بین' means 'the relationship between'.

8

در این مقاله، به نقش علوم اجتماعی در توسعه پرداخته شده است.

In this article, the role of social sciences in development has been addressed.

Passive construction 'پرداخته شده است'.

1

نظریه‌های علوم اجتماعی چارچوبی برای تحلیل رفتار جمعی فراهم می‌کنند.

Social science theories provide a framework for analyzing collective behavior.

'چارچوب' means framework; 'فراهم کردن' means to provide.

2

او در حال مطالعه روش‌های تحقیق کیفی در علوم اجتماعی است.

He/She is studying qualitative research methods in social sciences.

'کیفی' means qualitative; 'کمی' means quantitative.

3

علوم اجتماعی مدرن به شدت تحت تأثیر اندیشه‌های کلاسیک قرار دارد.

Modern social sciences are heavily influenced by classical thoughts.

'تحت تأثیر قرار داشتن' means to be under the influence of.

4

بحران‌های اجتماعی نیازمند تحلیل‌های دقیق از منظر علوم اجتماعی هستند.

Social crises require precise analyses from the perspective of social sciences.

'از منظر' means 'from the perspective of'.

5

او معتقد است که علوم اجتماعی باید به مسائل عدالت اجتماعی بیشتر بپردازد.

He/She believes that social sciences should address social justice issues more.

The verb 'پرداختن' is in the subjunctive 'بپردازد'.

6

ارتباط میان علوم اجتماعی و سیاست‌گذاری عمومی حیاتی است.

The link between social sciences and public policy-making is vital.

'سیاست‌گذاری عمومی' is the term for public policy.

7

این پژوهش به بررسی جایگاه علوم اجتماعی در نظام آموزشی می‌پردازد.

This research examines the position of social sciences in the educational system.

'جایگاه' means position or status.

8

بسیاری از مفاهیم علوم اجتماعی در ترجمه از زبان‌های غربی تغییر کرده‌اند.

Many social science concepts have changed in translation from Western languages.

'مفاهیم' is the plural of 'مفهوم' (concept).

1

پارادایم‌های حاکم بر علوم اجتماعی در دهه‌های اخیر دستخوش تغییر شده‌اند.

The dominant paradigms in social sciences have undergone changes in recent decades.

'دستخوش تغییر شدن' is a formal way to say 'to undergo change'.

2

نقد پسا‌ساختارگرایانه به مبانی سنتی علوم اجتماعی چالش‌های جدیدی ایجاد کرده است.

Post-structuralist critique of the traditional foundations of social sciences has created new challenges.

'پسا‌ساختارگرایانه' means post-structuralist.

3

بومی‌سازی علوم اجتماعی یکی از مباحث جنجالی در محافل آکادمیک ایران است.

The indigenization of social sciences is one of the controversial topics in Iranian academic circles.

'بومی‌سازی' means indigenization or localization.

4

علوم اجتماعی نباید صرفاً به توصیف واقعیت بسنده کند، بلکه باید به نقد آن بپردازد.

Social sciences should not merely suffice with describing reality, but should critique it.

'بسنده کردن' means 'to suffice' or 'to be content with'.

5

پیچیدگی جوامع معاصر، ضرورت همکاری‌های میان‌رشته‌ای در علوم اجتماعی را دوچندان کرده است.

The complexity of contemporary societies has doubled the necessity of interdisciplinary collaborations in social sciences.

'دوچندان کردن' means 'to double' or 'to intensify'.

6

او در سخنرانی خود به تبیین جایگاه اخلاق در پژوهش‌های علوم اجتماعی پرداخت.

In his speech, he explained the position of ethics in social science research.

'تبیین' means explanation or elucidation.

7

رویکردهای کمی و کیفی در علوم اجتماعی مکمل یکدیگر هستند.

Quantitative and qualitative approaches in social sciences are complementary to each other.

'مکمل' means complementary.

8

تحول در علوم اجتماعی مستلزم بازنگری در متون کلاسیک و انطباق آن‌ها با شرایط روز است.

Evolution in social sciences requires a revision of classical texts and their adaptation to current conditions.

'مستلزم' means 'requiring' or 'entailing'.

1

واکاوی اپیستمولوژیک علوم اجتماعی نشان‌دهنده تداخل عمیق میان دانش و قدرت است.

The epistemological analysis of social sciences indicates a deep overlap between knowledge and power.

'واکاوی' is a sophisticated word for 'analysis' or 'probing'.

2

هژمونی نظریات غربی در علوم اجتماعی کشورهای در حال توسعه همواره مورد نقد بوده است.

The hegemony of Western theories in the social sciences of developing countries has always been under critique.

'هژمونی' is the transliteration of 'hegemony'.

3

دیالکتیک میان فرد و ساختار، بن‌مایه بسیاری از مناقشات نظری در علوم اجتماعی است.

The dialectic between individual and structure is the core of many theoretical disputes in social sciences.

'بن‌مایه' means 'motif' or 'core theme'.

4

علوم اجتماعی در ایران با چالش‌های ساختاری و نهادی متعددی روبروست که بروندادهای علمی آن را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد.

Social sciences in Iran face numerous structural and institutional challenges that affect their scientific outputs.

'برونداد' means 'output'.

5

خوانش‌های انتقادی از علوم اجتماعی راه را برای فهم عمیق‌تر پدیده‌های نوظهور هموار می‌کند.

Critical readings of social sciences pave the way for a deeper understanding of emerging phenomena.

'خوانش' means 'reading' or 'interpretation'.

6

تقلیل‌گرایی در علوم اجتماعی می‌تواند به نتایج گمراه‌کننده در سیاست‌گذاری‌های کلان منجر شود.

Reductionism in social sciences can lead to misleading results in macro-level policy-making.

'تقلیل‌گرایی' means 'reductionism'.

7

پویایی علوم اجتماعی در گرو تعامل مستمر میان نظریه و میدان عمل است.

The dynamism of social sciences depends on continuous interaction between theory and the field of practice.

'در گروِ' means 'dependent on' or 'contingent upon'.

8

بازاندیشی در مفروضات بنیادین علوم اجتماعی برای مواجهه با بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی ضروری است.

Rethinking the fundamental assumptions of social sciences is essential for facing environmental crises.

'بازاندیشی' means 'rethinking' or 'reflection'.

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