At the A1 level, you don't really need the word 'فرکانس' (ferākāns). It is a bit too technical. Instead, you use 'چند بار' (how many times) or 'همیشه' (always) and 'معمولاً' (usually) to talk about how often things happen. However, you might see it on a radio or a TV remote. Just remember that 'فرکانس' means the number on the radio that helps you find your favorite music station. If you see it, think of it as a 'channel number' for waves. You don't need to use it in sentences yet, but recognizing it on a screen is helpful.
At the A2 level, you can start recognizing 'فرکانس' as a word for 'how often' in a technical sense. You might hear it in a doctor's office when they check your heart, or when someone is talking about their internet speed or radio. You should know that it's a noun. A simple sentence you might use is: 'فرکانس رادیو چیست؟' (What is the radio frequency?). At this stage, you are moving beyond simple words like 'often' and starting to understand that there are more precise words for measurement in Persian, just like in English.
At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'فرکانس' in specific contexts like technology, science, and health. You understand that it means the rate of repetition. You can use it with adjectives like 'بالا' (high) and 'پایین' (low). You are also becoming aware of the Persian alternative 'بسامد' (basāmad) which you might see in news articles or textbooks. You can explain simple concepts, like why a radio isn't working by saying the frequency is wrong. This word helps you sound more precise when discussing your hobbies (like music or electronics) or your health.
At the B2 level, you can use 'فرکانس' fluently in technical discussions. You understand the difference between 'فرکانس' (the rate) and 'نوسان' (the vibration). You can talk about 'فرکانس‌های رادیویی' (radio frequencies) or 'فرکانس‌های صوتی' (audio frequencies) with ease. You also understand the cultural nuance that using 'فرکانس' is more common in daily life, while 'بسامد' is for formal writing. You can participate in a debate about language purity and why some people prefer the native Persian word over the French loanword. Your sentences are more complex, like: 'تغییر فرکانس می‌تواند بر کیفیت صدا تأثیر بگذارد' (Changing the frequency can affect the sound quality).
At the C1 level, 'فرکانس' is a word you use with precision in professional or academic settings. You are comfortable using it in statistical contexts, such as 'فرکانس واژگان' (word frequency) in linguistics. You can read technical manuals in Persian that use this word and understand the mathematical implications. You are also aware of metaphorical uses in modern literature or 'New Age' spiritual discourse in Iran, where 'فرکانس' refers to a person's mood or energy level. You can switch between 'فرکانس' and 'بسامد' depending on your audience to show your linguistic range and sensitivity to register.
At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'فرکانس' and its place in the Persian lexicon. You can discuss the etymological journey of French loanwords in Persian and the efforts of the Academy to replace them. You can use the word in highly specialized fields like quantum physics, signal processing, or advanced medicine. You understand the subtle connotations it carries in different historical periods of Iranian modernism. You can write a scientific paper using 'بسامد' while giving a lecture using 'فرکانس' to ensure maximum clarity, showing a deep understanding of the sociolinguistic landscape of modern Iran.

فرکانس in 30 Seconds

  • A common loanword in Persian meaning frequency, used in technology, physics, and medicine to describe the rate of repetition.
  • While 'Basāmad' is the official Persian equivalent, 'Ferākāns' is more widely used in casual and technical conversations.
  • Measured in Hertz, it is essential for tuning radios, measuring heart rates, and understanding wave physics in Persian-speaking contexts.
  • It is a noun that follows standard Persian grammar rules, often paired with adjectives like high (bālā) or low (pāyin).

The word فرکانس (ferākāns) is a fascinating example of a European loanword that has become deeply embedded in the Persian language, particularly within technical, scientific, and everyday communicative contexts. Derived from the French word fréquence, it primarily refers to the rate at which a repeated event occurs per unit of time. While Persian has a native academic equivalent, بسامد (basāmad), which was coined by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature to replace the loanword, فرکانس remains the dominant term in colloquial speech, engineering, and media. When you are tuning a radio, discussing the refresh rate of a computer monitor, or even talking about the regularity of a heartbeat in a medical setting, this is the word you will most likely encounter.

Technical Application
In physics and telecommunications, it describes the number of cycles of a periodic phenomenon per second, measured in Hertz. For instance, Iranians will ask about the 'فرکانس' of a specific satellite channel or a local radio station.
Statistical Context
In data analysis and linguistics, it refers to the number of times a particular value or word appears in a dataset. Teachers might discuss the 'فرکانس' of certain errors in student essays.
Medical Usage
Doctors use the term to describe biological rhythms, such as the 'فرکانس تنفس' (respiratory frequency) or 'فرکانس ضربان قلب' (heart rate frequency) during a check-up.

برای شنیدن این برنامه، باید فرکانس رادیوی خود را تغییر دهید.

To hear this program, you must change your radio frequency.

Understanding the usage of this word requires a grasp of Iran's linguistic history with French. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, French was the primary source of academic and technical vocabulary in Iran. Consequently, words like فرکانس entered the lexicon and stayed there, even after English became more influential. Today, if you use the native word بسامد in a casual conversation at an electronics shop, you might sound overly formal or even pedantic. However, in a university physics textbook, بسامد is the standard. This duality is a key aspect of Persian sociolinguistics: the choice between a loanword and a native Persian word often signals the speaker's level of formality or their ideological stance on language purity.

این دستگاه فرکانس‌های بسیار پایین را هم تشخیص می‌دهد.

This device even detects very low frequencies.

Furthermore, the word is often paired with adjectives like 'بالا' (high) and 'پایین' (low). In the world of music and sound engineering in Tehran's underground studios, you will hear producers talk about 'فرکانس‌های بم' (low/bass frequencies) and 'فرکانس‌های زیر' (high/treble frequencies). The versatility of this word makes it an essential part of the B1 learner's vocabulary, bridging the gap between basic daily descriptions and more specialized discussions.

Using فرکانس correctly involves understanding its role as a noun and the common verbs that accompany it. In Persian, nouns are often part of 'Light Verb Constructions,' but فرکانس is usually treated as a standalone noun that acts as the object of a verb or follows a preposition. Common verbs used with it include تنظیم کردن (to adjust/tune), اندازه‌گیری کردن (to measure), and تغییر دادن (to change).

With 'تنظیم کردن' (To Tune/Adjust)
This is the most common usage in the context of technology. Example: 'ما باید فرکانس را روی عدد ۱۰۰ تنظیم کنیم' (We must adjust the frequency to 100).
With 'داشتن' (To Have)
Used to describe the inherent property of a wave or sound. Example: 'این موج فرکانس بسیار بالایی دارد' (This wave has a very high frequency).
In Prepositional Phrases
Often used with 'در' (in/at). Example: 'در فرکانس‌های مختلف، رفتار ماده تغییر می‌کند' (At different frequencies, the behavior of matter changes).

آیا می‌دانید فرکانس برق شهر در ایران چند هرتز است؟

Do you know how many Hertz the city electricity frequency is in Iran?

When constructing sentences, remember that Persian follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. Therefore, فرکانس will typically appear before the verb. If you are describing the frequency of an event (how often it happens), you might use the word in a more abstract sense, though 'تعداد' (number) or 'دفعات' (times) are more common for counting events. However, in scientific reporting, you might see: 'فرکانس وقوع زلزله در این منطقه افزایش یافته است' (The frequency of earthquake occurrence in this region has increased).

گوش انسان قادر به شنیدن فرکانس‌های بالاتر از بیست هزار هرتز نیست.

The human ear is not capable of hearing frequencies higher than twenty thousand Hertz.

In contemporary Iran, فرکانس is ubiquitous across several domains. If you are living in Tehran or any major city, you will hear it in the following contexts regularly. First and foremost is the world of Broadcasting and Media. Since many Iranians use satellite dishes to access international Persian-language channels, the act of searching for and entering 'فرکانس‌های جدید' (new frequencies) is a common household task. You will see lists of frequencies shared on social media apps like Telegram and Instagram whenever a channel moves its signal.

Electronics Stores (Pasaj-e Payetakht)
When buying a monitor or a gaming PC, customers and sellers will discuss 'فرکانس نوسازی' (refresh rate/frequency) to ensure the screen quality is sufficient for high-end gaming.
Academic Environments
In physics labs at Sharif University or Tehran University, professors might switch between 'فرکانس' and 'بسامد', but students in their lab reports almost always use 'فرکانس' due to its international recognition.
Health and Fitness
Modern gym equipment in Iran often displays 'فرکانس ضربان قلب'. Personal trainers might instruct you to keep your heart rate in a certain 'frequency' range for optimal fat burning.

شبکه خبری جدید روی این فرکانس قابل دریافت است.

The new news network is available on this frequency.

Another interesting place you hear this word is in the Spiritual and New Age communities in Iran. Just like in the West, there is a growing interest in 'energy' and 'vibrations'. You might hear people talk about 'فرکانس مثبت' (positive frequency) or 'بالا بردن فرکانس انرژی بدن' (raising the body's energy frequency) through meditation or music. While not scientifically grounded, this usage is very common in wellness blogs and lifestyle magazines in Persian.

While فرکانس is a loanword and thus feels familiar to English speakers, there are several nuances in Persian that can lead to errors. One of the most common mistakes is confusing it with تعداد (number/count) or سرعت (speed). While frequency is related to both, it is a specific rate. For example, saying 'فرکانس ماشین زیاد است' to mean the car is going fast is incorrect; you should use 'سرعت'.

Confusing with 'بسامد' (Basāmad)
Learners often wonder which one to use. While they are synonyms, using 'بسامد' in a casual conversation about a TV remote might make you sound like a textbook. Stick to 'فرکانس' for daily life and 'بسامد' for formal academic writing.
Incorrect Pluralization
Some learners try to apply Arabic broken plural rules (like 'farakis' - which doesn't exist) because many Persian words are Arabic. Since this is French, only 'فرکانس‌ها' is correct.
Misusing 'فرکانس' for 'Period'
In physics, frequency (f) is the inverse of the period (T). Learners sometimes use 'فرکانس' when they actually mean the duration of one cycle ('دوره' or 'زمان').

اشتباه: فرکانس این قطار خیلی زیاد است. (درست: سرعت)

Incorrect: The frequency of this train is very high. (Correct: Speed)

Another subtle mistake occurs in translation. In English, we might say 'the frequency of visits'. While you can say 'فرکانس ملاقات‌ها' in Persian, it sounds very translated. A more natural way to express this in Persian would be using 'میزان تکرار' (rate of repetition) or 'تعداد دفعات' (number of times). Use 'فرکانس' primarily when there is a rhythmic or wave-like quality to the repetition.

To truly master the concept of 'frequency' in Persian, you must know the spectrum of words that range from highly scientific to very casual. The Persian language is rich with terms that describe repetition and rate, and choosing the right one depends entirely on your context and audience.

بسامد (Basāmad)
The official Persian substitute for 'فرکانس'. It comes from the root 'بسا' (many/much) and 'آمد' (coming). It is used in all Iranian school textbooks and scientific journals. Use this if you want to sound like an expert or a purist.
تکرار (Tekrār)
Meaning 'repetition'. While 'فرکانس' is the rate, 'تکرار' is the act. If you want to say something happens often, you might talk about its 'تکرار زیاد' (high repetition).
دفعات (Dafa'āt)
The plural of 'دفعه' (time/instance). This is used when counting specific occurrences. 'تعداد دفعات' is the most natural way to describe frequency in a non-scientific context.

در کتاب‌های درسی، به جای فرکانس از واژه «بسامد» استفاده می‌شود.

In textbooks, the word 'Basāmad' is used instead of 'Frequency'.

When comparing 'فرکانس' and 'بسامد', think of it like 'Frequency' vs. 'Rate of Occurrence' in English, but with a stronger linguistic divide. Most Iranians feel more comfortable with 'فرکانس' because of its presence in technology. However, in the last two decades, 'بسامد' has gained significant ground in the media. Another related word is نوسان (navasān), which means 'oscillation' or 'fluctuation'. While frequency is a measurement of oscillation, 'نوسان' describes the movement itself. You will often hear about 'نوسانات ارز' (currency fluctuations) in the Iranian news—here, 'فرکانس' would be incorrect.

Fun Fact

Despite being a loanword, it is so common that most Iranians don't realize it's French unless they study linguistics. It rhymes with other common French loans like 'Shāns' (Luck) and 'Āzhāns' (Agency).

Pronunciation Guide

UK /fɛ.rɒː.kɒːns/
US /fɛ.rɑː.kɑːns/
The stress is typically on the last syllable: fe-rā-KĀNS.
Rhymes With
آژانس (āzhāns - agency) اسانس (esāns - essence) آمبولانس (āmbulāns - ambulance) کنفرانس (konferāns - conference) شانس (shāns - luck) بالانس (bālāns - balance) پاس (pās - pass) لباس (lebās - clothes - partial rhyme)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing it like the English 'frequency' (free-kwen-see) instead of the French-based Persian version.
  • Shortening the long 'ā' sounds too much.
  • Using a 'w' sound which doesn't exist in standard Persian 'ferākāns'.
  • Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
  • Failing to tap the 'r' correctly.

Examples by Level

1

این فرکانس رادیو است.

This is the radio frequency.

Simple sentence with 'is' (ast).

2

فرکانس رادیو چند است؟

What is the radio frequency?

Question using 'چند' (how much/what number).

3

من فرکانس را می‌بینم.

I see the frequency.

Subject-Object-Verb order.

4

فرکانس بالا.

High frequency.

Noun-Adjective pair.

5

فرکانس پایین.

Low frequency.

Noun-Adjective pair.

6

این عدد فرکانس است.

This number is the frequency.

Identifying a noun.

7

فرکانس را دوست دارم.

I like the frequency (sound).

Using the verb 'to like'.

8

رادیو و فرکانس.

Radio and frequency.

Two nouns connected by 'and'.

1

فرکانس این ایستگاه رادیویی چیست؟

What is the frequency of this radio station?

Possessive 'ezafe' construction.

2

لطفاً فرکانس را تنظیم کنید.

Please adjust the frequency.

Imperative form of 'tanzeem kardan'.

3

فرکانس صدای او خیلی بالا است.

The frequency of her voice is very high.

Describing a property of sound.

4

ما به فرکانس جدید نیاز داریم.

We need a new frequency.

Using 'niyāz dāshtan' (to need).

5

این دستگاه فرکانس را نشان می‌دهد.

This device shows the frequency.

Present continuous sense.

6

فرکانس قلب شما خوب است.

Your heart frequency (rate) is good.

Medical context.

7

آیا فرکانس را تغییر دادی؟

Did you change the frequency?

Past tense question.

8

فرکانس‌ها متفاوت هستند.

The frequencies are different.

Plural noun with plural verb.

1

برای دریافت تصویر بهتر، باید فرکانس را دقیق‌تر تنظیم کنیم.

To receive a better picture, we must adjust the frequency more accurately.

Using 'bāyad' (must) with a subjunctive verb.

2

فرکانس وقوع این بیماری در سال گذشته افزایش یافت.

The frequency of this disease's occurrence increased last year.

Formal past tense 'afzāyesh yāft'.

3

او در مورد فرکانس‌های صوتی تحقیق می‌کند.

He is researching audio frequencies.

Present progressive action.

4

این رادیو فرکانس‌های کوتاه را هم می‌گیرد.

This radio also picks up shortwave frequencies.

Noun-Adjective 'ferākāns-hā-ye kutāh'.

5

فرکانس ضربان قلب در هنگام ورزش بالا می‌رود.

The heart rate frequency goes up during exercise.

Compound verb 'bālā raftan'.

6

می‌توانید فرکانس مانیتور را تغییر دهید تا چشم‌هایتان خسته نشود.

You can change the monitor frequency so your eyes don't get tired.

Complex sentence with 'tā' (so that).

7

در این آزمایش، فرکانس موج ثابت می‌ماند.

In this experiment, the wave frequency remains constant.

Scientific register.

8

فرکانس استفاده از اینترنت در ایران بسیار زیاد است.

The frequency of internet use in Iran is very high.

Describing a social trend.

1

تداخل فرکانس باعث قطع شدن ارتباطات بی‌سیم شد.

Frequency interference caused the wireless communications to be cut off.

Abstract noun 'tadākhol' (interference).

2

هر عنصر شیمیایی در فرکانس خاصی نور ساطع می‌کند.

Every chemical element emits light at a specific frequency.

Scientific verb 'sāte' kardan'.

3

فرکانس‌های غیرمجاز ممکن است امنیت شبکه را به خطر بیندازند.

Unauthorized frequencies might endanger network security.

Conditional/Potential mood.

4

در موسیقی، فرکانس نت 'لا' معمولاً ۴۴۰ هرتز است.

In music, the frequency of the note 'A' is usually 440 Hertz.

Specific technical fact.

5

با افزایش فرکانس، طول موج کاهش می‌یابد.

By increasing the frequency, the wavelength decreases.

Inverse relationship description.

6

فرکانس نمونه‌برداری در کیفیت ضبط صدا نقش مهمی دارد.

The sampling frequency plays an important role in sound recording quality.

Technical term 'nemune-bardāri'.

7

او معتقد است که هر انسانی فرکانس انرژی مخصوص به خود را دارد.

She believes that every human has their own energy frequency.

Metaphorical usage.

8

فرکانس‌های رادیویی توسط سازمان تنظیم مقررات مدیریت می‌شوند.

Radio frequencies are managed by the Regulatory Organization.

Passive voice construction.

1

تحلیل فرکانسی داده‌ها نشان‌دهنده الگوهای پنهان در رفتار مشتریان است.

Frequency analysis of the data reveals hidden patterns in customer behavior.

Adjectival form 'ferākānsi'.

2

بسامد یا همان فرکانس، یکی از مفاهیم بنیادی در مکانیک کوانتوم است.

Basāmad, or frequency, is one of the fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics.

Defining a term using its synonym.

3

در این مقاله، فرکانس واژگان در اشعار حافظ مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.

In this article, the word frequency in Hafez's poems has been examined.

Literary/Linguistic research context.

4

تغییرات جزئی در فرکانس نوسان‌ساز می‌تواند کل سیستم را مختل کند.

Slight changes in the oscillator's frequency can disrupt the entire system.

Precision in technical terminology.

5

پدیده دوپلر باعث تغییر در فرکانس دریافتی توسط ناظر می‌شود.

The Doppler effect causes a change in the frequency received by the observer.

Advanced physics concept.

6

فرکانس‌های بالای امواج الکترومغناطیسی می‌توانند برای بافت‌های زنده مضر باشند.

High frequencies of electromagnetic waves can be harmful to living tissues.

Scientific caution.

7

در جوامع مدرن، فرکانس تعاملات اجتماعی به فضای مجازی منتقل شده است.

In modern societies, the frequency of social interactions has shifted to cyberspace.

Sociological observation.

8

بهینه‌سازی فرکانس پردازنده برای کاهش مصرف انرژی ضروری است.

Optimizing the processor frequency is essential for reducing energy consumption.

Engineering context.

1

واکاوی طیفی سیگنال‌ها مستلزم درک عمیق از حوزه فرکانس است.

Spectral analysis of signals requires a deep understanding of the frequency domain.

High-level academic Persian (Vākāvi).

2

پارادایم‌های نوین در مخابرات بر بهره‌وری حداکثری از طیف فرکانسی استوارند.

Modern paradigms in telecommunications are based on the maximum efficiency of the frequency spectrum.

Sophisticated sentence structure.

3

فرکانس تشدید در سازه‌های بلند باید به دقت محاسبه شود تا از فاجعه جلوگیری گردد.

The resonance frequency in tall structures must be accurately calculated to prevent catastrophe.

Engineering safety and precision.

4

در متون کلاسیک، مفهوم تکرار بدون استفاده از واژه فرکانس تبیین می‌شد.

In classical texts, the concept of repetition was explained without using the word frequency.

Historical linguistic analysis.

5

پاسخ فرکانسی فیلترهای دیجیتال تعیین‌کننده دقت بازسازی سیگنال است.

The frequency response of digital filters determines the accuracy of signal reconstruction.

Niche technical terminology.

6

تطبیق فرکانسی بین فرستنده و گیرنده، سنگ‌بنای پایداری شبکه است.

Frequency matching between transmitter and receiver is the cornerstone of network stability.

Metaphorical 'cornerstone' in a technical context.

7

تقطیع فرکانسی در پردازش تصویر برای استخراج ویژگی‌های لبه به کار می‌رود.

Frequency slicing in image processing is used for edge feature extraction.

Advanced computer science.

8

تمایز بین فرکانس زمانی و مکانی در تحلیل پدیده‌های فیزیکی حیاتی است.

The distinction between temporal and spatial frequency is vital in the analysis of physical phenomena.

Philosophical physics.

Common Collocations

تنظیم فرکانس
فرکانس بالا
فرکانس پایین
فرکانس ضربان قلب
بازه فرکانسی
تداخل فرکانسی
فرکانس نمونه‌برداری
فرکانس متر
فرکانس رادیویی
فرکانس طبیعی

Common Phrases

روی چه فرکانسی؟

— On what frequency? Used when asking for a radio/TV channel.

رادیو ورزش روی چه فرکانسی است؟

فرکانس را گم کردن

— To lose the frequency/signal.

وسط تونل فرکانس را گم کردیم.

تغییر فرکانس دادن

— To change the frequency.

باید فرکانس بیسیم را تغییر دهیم.

فرکانس‌های مجاز

— Legal/authorized frequencies.

استفاده از فرکانس‌های غیرمجاز جریمه دارد.

فرکانس صوتی

— Audio frequency.

گوش انسان فرکانس صوتی محدودی را می‌شنود.

فرکانس تصویر

— Image refresh rate/frequency.

فرکانس تصویر این تلویزیون عالی است.

در همان فرکانس

— On the same frequency (often used metaphorically for being on the same page).

ما در همان فرکانس فکری هستیم.

فرکانس کاری

— Operating frequency.

فرکانس کاری این پردازنده ۳ گیگاهرتز است.

فرکانس تشدید

— Resonance frequency.

فرکانس تشدید پل محاسبه شد.

فرکانس شبکه

— Network frequency (electricity).

فرکانس شبکه برق ایران ۵۰ هرتز است.

Idioms & Expressions

"روی فرکانس کسی بودن"

— To be on someone's wavelength; to understand someone perfectly.

من و برادرم همیشه روی یک فرکانس هستیم.

Informal/Slang
"فرکانس گرفتن"

— To sense the atmosphere or 'vibe' of a place.

از این خونه فرکانس خوبی نمی‌گیرم.

Informal/Modern
"فرکانس مثبت فرستادن"

— To send positive vibes/energy.

همیشه سعی کن فرکانس مثبت بفرستی.

Modern/Spiritual
"فرکانس قطع و وصل شدن"

— To have an unstable connection (often used metaphorically for someone's attention).

فرکانس تمرکزم امروز همش قطع و وصل می‌شه.

Informal
"تنظیم فرکانس با کسی"

— To try to get along or align one's thoughts with another person.

سخته فرکانسم رو با مدیر جدید تنظیم کنم.

Colloquial
"در فرکانس بالا زندگی کردن"

— To live a high-energy, positive, or enlightened life.

او همیشه در فرکانس بالا زندگی می‌کند.

New Age Slang
"فرکانس انداختن"

— To cause a disturbance or 'noise' in a situation.

حرف‌های او در جلسه فرکانس انداخت.

Informal
"روی خط فرکانس"

— To be active or available (similar to 'on the line').

هر وقت لازم بود، من روی خط فرکانس هستم.

Technical Slang
"فرکانس کور"

— A dead zone or a frequency that doesn't work.

اینجا یک فرکانس کور برای موبایل است.

Technical
"فرکانس مشترک"

— Common ground or shared understanding.

ما باید یک فرکانس مشترک برای همکاری پیدا کنیم.

Formal/Metaphorical

Word Family

Nouns

فرکانس‌متر (Frequency meter)
فرکانس‌گیری (Frequency tuning/sensing)

Verbs

فرکانس‌گذاری (Frequency assignment/setting)

Adjectives

فرکانسی (Frequency-related/Spectral)
تک‌فرکانس (Single-frequency)
چندفرکانسی (Multi-frequency)

Related

بسامد (Persian equivalent)
موج (Wave)
هرتز (Hertz)
نوسان (Oscillation)
طیف (Spectrum)

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'Free-Can' (فرکانس) of soda that you open 'frequently'. The sound of the fizz has a specific frequency!

Visual Association

Imagine a radio dial with the word فرکانس written above the numbers, and a wave going up and down through the letters.

Word Web

رادیو موج صدا هرتز بسامد تلویزیون فیزیک سیگ

Word Origin

Borrowed from the French word 'fréquence' during the late Qajar or early Pahlavi era when French was the language of science in Iran.

Original meaning: The state of being frequent; a repeated occurrence.

Indo-European (via French/Latin 'frequentia').
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