A2 Prepositions 1 min read Fácil

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The preposition 'с' (with) is used to show accompaniment or the instrument used to perform an action.

  • Use 'с' for people/things you are with: 'Аз съм с приятел' (I am with a friend).
  • Use 'с' for tools/instruments: 'Пиша с химикалка' (I write with a pen).
  • Use 'с' for ingredients: 'Кафе с мляко' (Coffee with milk).
Subject + Verb + с + Noun

Meanings

The preposition 'с' is the primary way to express accompaniment (being with someone/something) or instrumentality (using something to do a task).

1

Comitative (Company)

Being in the company of someone or something.

“Той живее с родителите си.”

“Искам да говоря с теб.”

2

Instrumental (Tool)

Using an object to perform an action.

“Ям със супена лъжица.”

“Рисувам с молив.”

3

Ingredient/Characteristic

Describing contents or features.

“Поръчах пица с гъби.”

“Това е момиче с очила.”

Basic Usage of 'С'

Usage Structure Example
Company с + Noun с приятел
Instrument с + Noun с химикалка
Pronoun с + Pronoun с мен
Euphonic със + с/з със сигурност
Negative не + с + Noun не с него
Question с + Pronoun + Verb с кого си?

Pronoun combinations

Pronoun With + Pronoun
Аз с мен
Ти с теб
Той/Тя с него/нея
Ние с нас
Вие с вас
Те с тях

Reference Table

Reference table for Preposition 'С' (With)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative с + Noun Отивам с кола.
Negative не + с + Noun Не отивам с кола.
Question с + Pronoun + Verb С кого отиваш?
Euphonic със + с/з Той е със захар.
Pronoun с + Pronoun Той е с мен.
Plural с + Plural Noun С приятели съм.

Espectro de formalidad

Formal
Аз съм със своя приятел.

Аз съм със своя приятел. (Social)

Neutral
Аз съм с приятеля си.

Аз съм с приятеля си. (Social)

Informal
С приятел съм.

С приятел съм. (Social)

Jerga
С авера съм.

С авера съм. (Social)

Uses of 'С'

С (With)

People

  • с приятел with a friend

Tools

  • с молив with a pencil

Food

  • с мляко with milk

Examples by Level

1

Аз съм с Мария.

I am with Maria.

2

Пиша с молив.

I write with a pencil.

3

Кафе с мляко.

Coffee with milk.

4

Той е с мен.

He is with me.

1

Отивам със сестра ми.

I am going with my sister.

2

Това е човек със знания.

This is a person with knowledge.

3

Ям със супена лъжица.

I eat with a soup spoon.

4

С кого говориш?

With whom are you talking?

1

Работя със сериозни хора.

I work with serious people.

2

Той се съгласи със мен.

He agreed with me.

3

С какво се занимаваш?

What are you occupied with?

4

Тя влезе със закъснение.

She entered with a delay.

1

Той се справи със задачата.

He handled the task.

2

Сравнявам това с онова.

I compare this with that.

3

Свързан съм със системата.

I am connected with the system.

4

Той говори със самочувствие.

He speaks with confidence.

1

Сблъсках се със сериозни проблеми.

I encountered serious problems.

2

Той се съобразява със закона.

He complies with the law.

3

Свърших със работата си.

I finished with my work.

4

Той се сбогува с всички.

He said goodbye to everyone.

1

Той се идентифицира с идеите.

He identifies with the ideas.

2

Срещнах се със съдбата си.

I met with my destiny.

3

Той се съревновава с най-добрите.

He competes with the best.

4

Свързвам се с миналото.

I connect with the past.

Easily Confused

Preposition 'С' (With) vs с vs за

Learners mix up 'with' and 'for'.

Preposition 'С' (With) vs с vs със

Learners don't know when to use the extra 'ъ'.

Preposition 'С' (With) vs с vs в

Learners use 'в' (in) for transport.

Errores comunes

с захар

със захар

Euphonic rule: 'з' requires 'със'.

с мен

с мен

Correct, but often confused with 'със мен'.

отивам с автобус

отивам с автобус

Correct, but learners often use 'в' instead.

пиша с химикалка

пиша с химикалка

Correct usage.

с сигурност

със сигурност

Euphonic rule: 'с' requires 'със'.

подарък с теб

подарък за теб

Wrong preposition for 'for'.

с кола

с кола

Correct, but learners often add articles.

с какво се занимаваш

с какво се занимаваш

Correct, but learners often use 'какво' incorrectly.

със приятел

с приятел

Euphonic rule: 'п' does not require 'със'.

свързан със система

свързан със системата

Missing definite article.

сблъсках се с проблеми

сблъсках се с проблеми

Correct, but learners often use 'със' unnecessarily.

съобразявам се с закона

съобразявам се със закона

Euphonic rule: 'з' requires 'със'.

свърших със работа

свърших със работата

Missing definite article.

Sentence Patterns

Аз съм с ___.

Пиша с ___.

Той е със ___.

С ___ отивам на работа.

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Кафе с мляко, моля.

Texting very common

С приятели сме.

Travel common

Пътувам с влак.

Work common

Работя с колеги.

Social media common

С най-добрите!

Job interview occasional

Справям се със задачите.

💡

The 'със' rule

Always check the first letter of the next word. If it's 'с' or 'з', use 'със'.
⚠️

Don't over-use 'със'

Only use 'със' for phonetic reasons. Don't use it for emphasis.
🎯

Pronouns

Learn 'с мен', 'с теб', 'с него' as chunks.
💬

Socializing

Use 'с' to invite people: 'Хайде с мен!' (Come with me!).

Smart Tips

Always use 'с' for ingredients.

Искам кафе и мляко. Искам кафе с мляко.

Use 'с' for the instrument.

Пиша химикалка. Пиша с химикалка.

Remember the euphonic 'със'.

С сигурност знам. Със сигурност знам.

Use 'с' for people.

Аз и Мария отиваме. Отивам с Мария.

Pronunciación

s-uh-s

Euphonic 'със'

Use 'със' before words starting with 'с' or 'з'.

Question

С кого отиваш? ↑

Rising intonation for questions.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Remember 'С' is for 'Company' and 'Creation' (tools).

Visual Association

Imagine a person holding a pen (tool) and walking with a friend (company).

Rhyme

Use 'с' for a friend or a pen, but 'със' if the next word starts with 'с' again.

Story

Maria went to the cafe with her friend. She ordered coffee with sugar. She wrote a note with a pen.

Word Web

с менс тебс колас приятелсъс сигурностсъс захар

Desafío

Write 5 sentences about your day using 'с' or 'със'.

Notas culturales

Bulgarians use 'с' very frequently in daily speech. It is essential for social interaction.

Derived from Old Church Slavonic 'sъ'.

Conversation Starters

С кого отиваш на кино?

С какво пишеш?

С кого работиш?

С какво се занимаваш в свободното си време?

Journal Prompts

Write about your best friend.
Describe your favorite hobby.
Describe a typical day at work.
Reflect on your life goals.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Аз съм ___ приятел.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: с
Use 'с' for company.
Choose the correct form. Opción múltiple

Той е ___ сигурност тук.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: със
Euphonic rule for 'с'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Пиша с химикалка.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Пиша с химикалка.
Correct usage.
Transform to negative. Sentence Transformation

Отивам с него.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Не отивам с него.
Negative placement.
Match the phrase. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with me
Pronoun match.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

с / кафе / мляко

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кафе с мляко.
Correct word order.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Use 'със' before 'п'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Only before 'с' or 'з'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: С кого си? Б: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: С Мария.
Appropriate response.

Score: /8

Ejercicios de practica

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Аз съм ___ приятел.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: с
Use 'с' for company.
Choose the correct form. Opción múltiple

Той е ___ сигурност тук.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: със
Euphonic rule for 'с'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Пиша с химикалка.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Пиша с химикалка.
Correct usage.
Transform to negative. Sentence Transformation

Отивам с него.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Не отивам с него.
Negative placement.
Match the phrase. Match Pairs

с мен

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with me
Pronoun match.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

с / кафе / мляко

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кафе с мляко.
Correct word order.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Use 'със' before 'п'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Only before 'с' or 'з'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: С кого си? Б: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: С Мария.
Appropriate response.

Score: /8

Preguntas frecuentes (8)

Use 'със' only when the next word starts with 'с' or 'з'. This is for phonetic ease.

No, 'с' is invariant. It stays the same regardless of the noun.

Yes, 'с кола' (by car) is the standard way to say it.

No, use 'за' for 'for'. 'С' is for 'with'.

It will sound slightly awkward to native speakers, but you will be understood.

Yes, 'в' becomes 'във' before 'в' or 'ф'.

Yes, 'с приятели' (with friends).

It is neutral and used in all registers.

In Other Languages

Spanish high

con

Bulgarian has the 'със' euphonic rule.

French high

avec

Bulgarian has the 'със' euphonic rule.

German high

mit

Bulgarian does not use case inflection for this preposition.

Japanese moderate

to

Bulgarian uses one preposition for both functions.

Arabic moderate

ma'a

Bulgarian uses one preposition for both functions.

Chinese moderate

gēn

Bulgarian uses one preposition for both functions.

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