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B1 noun 8 min read

حزب

hezb
Examples حزب in 30 Seconds
Explanation حزب in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should know that 'Hezb' (حزب) is a word for a group of people, but specifically a 'political party.' You don't need to know the complex history, but you must know that it is NOT the word for a fun party with cake and music. If you want to say 'I am going to a party,' you use 'Mehmāni.' You might see 'Hezb' in very simple news headlines or on posters during election times in Persian-speaking countries. Just remember: Hezb = Politics, Mehmāni = Fun. A simple sentence to remember is 'In hezb bozorg ast' (This party is big). You should also recognize the word 'Hezbollah' as it contains this word. At this stage, just focus on the basic identification of the word in a sentence and distinguishing it from social gatherings. You might also learn that it starts with the letter 'He' (ح) and ends with 'Be' (ب).
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'Hezb' in basic sentences about the world. You should be able to say things like 'Man ozv-e hich hezbi nistam' (I am not a member of any party) or 'Hezb-e dore-ye mā' (Our party). You will start to notice the word more often in simple news clips. You should also learn the plural form 'Hezb-hā' for 'parties.' At this level, you are beginning to understand that Persian has different words for different types of groups. You can use 'Hezb' to talk about the Republican or Democratic parties in the US when practicing your speaking. You should also be aware of the Ezafe construction: 'Hezb-e [Name].' For example, 'Hezb-e Sabz' for the Green Party. This helps you build more descriptive sentences. You might also learn the word 'Ozv' (member) which often goes with 'Hezb.'
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At the B1 level (your current level), you should have a firm grasp of 'Hezb' as a political noun. You should be able to discuss political systems using words like 'nezām-e chand-hezbi' (multi-party system). You should recognize the formal plural 'Ahzāb' and understand that it is used in official documents and news. You should be able to use the adjective 'hezbi' (partisan) to describe actions or interests. You should also be able to distinguish 'Hezb' from 'Jebhe' (front) and 'Goruh' (group). At this level, you can follow a news report about an election and understand who the 'hezb-e hākem' (ruling party) and 'hezb-e mokhālef' (opposition party) are. You can also express your opinion on whether political parties are useful for a country. You should be comfortable using the word in both its singular and plural forms in various grammatical cases.
At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'Hezb' in more nuanced political and historical discussions. You should understand the role of 'Ahzāb' in the history of Iran, such as the Tudeh Party or the National Front. You should be able to use technical terms like 'marām-nāme-ye hezb' (party platform/manifesto) and 'dabir-kol-e hezb' (party secretary-general). You should be able to read editorials that criticize 'hezb-garāyi' (extreme partisanship) and understand the arguments. Your vocabulary should include related terms like 'e'telāf' (coalition) and how parties form them. You can participate in debates about the effectiveness of different party structures. You should also be aware of the religious usage of 'Hezb' (a section of the Quran) and be able to distinguish it based on context without hesitation. Your writing should reflect a sophisticated use of 'Hezb' in academic or professional settings.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the sociopolitical implications of 'Hezb' in Persian. You can analyze the legal requirements for a 'Hezb' to be registered according to the 'Qānun-e Ahzāb' (Law of Parties). You can discuss the evolution of the concept from the Qajar era to the present day. You understand the nuances between a 'Hezb' and a 'Tashakkol' or a 'Jam'iyat' in legal and social terms. You can read complex political science texts in Persian that use 'Hezb' as a central concept for analyzing power dynamics. You are also familiar with literary or metaphorical uses of the word. You can identify the ideological leanings of different 'Ahzāb' just by their names and the adjectives used to describe them in the media. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the correct use of formal and informal registers.
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At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command of the word 'Hezb' and its place in the Persian linguistic and cultural landscape. You can conduct high-level research on the 'Ahzāb' of the Constitutional Revolution or the Pahlavi era, using primary sources. You understand the philosophical underpinnings of why certain groups choose the label 'Hezb' over 'Jebhe' or 'Jonbesh' (movement). You can interpret the most subtle political commentaries where 'Hezb' might be used ironically or as part of a complex idiom. You are aware of the rarest historical parties and their impact on the Persian language (e.g., how the Tudeh Party introduced certain Soviet-influenced terminology). You can give a lecture on the 'crisis of parties' in modern governance using perfect Persian. The word 'Hezb' is no longer just a vocabulary item to you, but a window into the entire history of modern Persian political thought.
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Examples

حزب in 30 Seconds

  • Hezb means political party in Persian.
  • It is strictly political and not used for social parties.
  • The formal plural is Ahzāb, but Hezb-hā is common.
  • It is a B1 level word essential for understanding news.

The Persian word حزب (pronounced 'Hezb') is a fundamental noun in the Persian language, specifically within the domains of political science, sociology, and news media. At its core, it refers to a political party—an organized group of people who share a common political ideology or goal and work together to influence government policy or win elections. However, its usage in Persian is more restrictive than the English word 'party.' While in English you might use 'party' for a birthday celebration, a legal group, or a political entity, in Persian, حزب is almost exclusively reserved for the political context. Using it to describe a social gathering is a common mistake for English speakers; for social events, Persians use the word مهمانی (mehmāni).

Political Context
The term describes formal organizations recognized by the state that field candidates and advocate for specific legislation. It is a loanword from Arabic, where it originally meant a 'faction' or 'group of like-minded individuals.'

او سال‌هاست که در این حزب فعالیت می‌کند و اکنون به مقام رهبری رسیده است.

Translation: He has been active in this party for years and has now reached the position of leadership.

In the context of Iranian history and modern politics, حزب carries significant weight. From the early 20th-century Constitutional Revolution to the contemporary era, parties have been the vehicle for ideological struggle. You will encounter this word daily if you listen to Persian news (like BBC Persian, Iran International, or VOA Persian). It is often paired with descriptors like 'ruling' (حاکم), 'opposition' (مخالف), or 'reformist' (اصلاح‌طلب).

Etymological Nuance
The root H-Z-B in Arabic implies a sense of toughness or grouping against an adversary. In the Quran, the 'Ahzab' (plural) refers to the confederates who besieged Medina. Thus, the word conveys a sense of strong internal solidarity.

Furthermore, the word is used in religious contexts, such as a 'Hezb' of the Quran, which refers to one-sixtieth of the holy book. However, for a B1 learner, the political definition is the primary focus. Understanding the plural form, احزاب (Ahzāb), is also crucial, as Persian often uses broken Arabic plurals for formal terminology.

نظام چندحزبی برای دموکراسی ضروری است.

Translation: A multi-party system is essential for democracy.
Register and Tone
The word is formal and neutral. It can be used in academic papers, news reports, and respectful dinner table conversations about world events. It does not carry an inherently negative or positive connotation; that depends on the adjectives attached to it.

Using حزب correctly requires an understanding of Persian syntax and common collocations. Since it is a noun, it often acts as the subject or object of a sentence. Because it refers to an organization, it is frequently used with verbs like 'joining' (عضو شدن), 'forming' (تشکیل دادن), or 'supporting' (حمایت کردن).

کدام حزب در انتخابات پیروز شد؟

Translation: Which party won the election?

When describing someone's affiliation, you use the Ezafe construction: عضوِ حزب (ozv-e hezb). For example, 'member of the Labour Party' would be عضو حزب کارگر. Note how the noun phrase builds logically from the general to the specific.

Grammatical Pattern: Membership
[Name] + عضو (member) + [Party Name] + است (is). Example: 'علی عضو حزب سبز است' (Ali is a member of the Green Party).

In more complex sentences, حزب can be the head of a relative clause. For instance, 'The party that I support' becomes حزبی که من از آن حمایت می‌کنم. Notice the use of the 'i' of definition (ی اشارت) attached to 'hezb' to make it 'hezbi ke'.

حزبهای سیاسی باید برنامه‌های خود را به مردم توضیح دهند.

Translation: Political parties must explain their programs to the people.

Another common usage is as an adjective: حزبی (hezbi), meaning 'partisan' or 'party-related'. For example, منافع حزبی (partisan interests). This is vital for understanding political commentary where the speaker might criticize someone for putting 'party interests' above 'national interests' (منافع ملی).

Common Verb Pairings
1. انحلال حزب (Dissolution of a party)
2. تاسیس حزب (Founding a party)
3. دبیرکل حزب (Secretary-general of the party)

دولت اجازه فعالیت به این حزب را نمی‌دهد.

Translation: The government does not allow this party to operate.

If you are an English speaker learning Persian, you will encounter حزب in several specific environments. The most frequent is broadcast news. Whether it is a report on the US elections (discussing حزب دموکرات and حزب جمهوری‌خواه) or news from the Iranian parliament (Majlis), the word is ubiquitous. It acts as the primary descriptor for political identity.

در اخبار دیشب درباره اختلافات درونی حزب حاکم صحبت شد.

Translation: In last night's news, there was talk about internal disputes within the ruling party.

Another common place is history books and documentaries. Iran's 20th-century history is defined by groups like the حزب توده (Tudeh Party) or the حزب رستاخیز (Rastakhiz Party). Understanding these references is key to cultural literacy in Persian. In these contexts, 'Hezb' isn't just a vocabulary word; it's a marker of historical eras.

Social Media & Debates
On platforms like X (Twitter) or in Clubhouse rooms, Iranians often debate 'hezb-garāyi' (partisanship). You will hear people argue whether Iran needs a 'nezām-e hezbi' (party-based system) to progress.

You will also hear it in academic lectures. Professors of political science or sociology use 'Hezb' to discuss the 'mobilization of the masses' (بسیج توده‌ها). In this register, the word is used with high-frequency academic verbs like نهادینه کردن (to institutionalize). If you are listening to a podcast about the history of the Middle East, 'Hezb' will be a recurring anchor word.

بسیاری از تحلیل‌گران معتقدند که بدون حزبهای قوی، دموکراسی پایدار نمی‌ماند.

Translation: Many analysts believe that without strong parties, democracy does not remain sustainable.
The 'Hezbollah' Connection
One of the most internationally recognized uses is in 'Hezbollah' (حزب‌الله), meaning 'Party of God.' This term appears in the Quran and has been adopted by various groups, most notably in Lebanon. Understanding the literal meaning helps demystify the name.

The most glaring mistake English speakers make with حزب is the semantic overlap with the English word 'party.' In English, 'party' is a polysemous word—it has many meanings. You go to a party, you are a party to a contract, and you belong to a political party. In Persian, these are three different words. Using 'Hezb' for a birthday party is not just a minor error; it changes the meaning to something absurdly political.

Mistake #1: Social Events
Incorrect: 'Man be hezb-e tavallod miravam' (I am going to a political party of birth).
Correct: 'Man be mehmāni-ye tavallod miravam' (I am going to a birthday party).

Another common mistake involves pluralization. While 'Hezb-hā' is technically correct and used in casual conversation, learners often fail to recognize 'Ahzāb' in formal texts. 'Ahzāb' is an Arabic 'broken plural' (jam' taksir). Failing to recognize this can make news articles seem incomprehensible. Learners should memorize both forms to ensure they can navigate both registers of the language.

اشتباه: او به حزب دیشب خیلی خوش گذشت.

Correction: This sentence is wrong because it uses 'Hezb' for a social event. It should use 'Mehmāni'.

A subtle mistake is the misplacement of the Ezafe when naming parties. For example, to say 'The Republican Party,' you must say 'Hezb-e Jomhuri-khāh.' Learners often forget the 'e' sound (the Ezafe) that links the word 'party' to its name. Without the Ezafe, the two words sit next to each other without a grammatical connection, which sounds disjointed to a native speaker.

Mistake #2: The 'Hezbi' Adjective
Learners often use the noun 'Hezb' when they should use the adjective 'Hezbi'. If you want to say 'partisan behavior,' you must say 'raftār-e hezbi,' not 'raftār-e hezb.'

Finally, be careful with the word جناح (janāh). While 'Janāh' means 'wing' (like left-wing or right-wing), it is sometimes used interchangeably with 'Hezb' in casual talk. However, a 'Janāh' is usually a broader faction that might contain multiple 'Ahzāb'. Confusing the two can lead to a lack of precision in political discussions.

To truly master حزب, you must understand the words that surround it in the semantic field of 'organizations' and 'groups.' Depending on the level of formality and the specific nature of the group, you might choose a different term.

1. تشکل (Tashakkol)
Meaning: Organization or association. This is often used for labor unions or student organizations (تشکل‌های دانشجویی). It is less strictly 'political' than 'Hezb' and implies a structured formation.
2. جبهه (Jebhe)
Meaning: Front. In politics, a 'Jebhe' is an alliance of several parties or groups working toward a common goal, like the 'National Front' (جبهه ملی). It is broader than a single 'Hezb'.
3. جمعیت (Jam'iyat)
Meaning: Society or association. While it can mean 'population,' in a political context, it refers to a group or society, like the 'Red Crescent Society' (جمعیت هلال احمر).

تفاوت حزب و جبهه در این است که جبهه معمولاً از چندین حزب تشکیل می‌شود.

Translation: The difference between a party and a front is that a front is usually composed of several parties.

When discussing a smaller, perhaps less formal group, you might use گروه (goruh) or دسته (dasteh). گروه is the most versatile word for 'group' and can be used for anything from a group of friends to a music band. دسته often carries a slightly more informal or even derogatory tone when used in politics, similar to 'clique' or 'gang' in certain contexts.

4. سازمان (Sāzmān)
Meaning: Organization. This is a very broad term used for government bodies (like the UN - سازمان ملل) or large NGOs. It is more bureaucratic than 'Hezb'.

In summary, while 'Hezb' is your go-to word for political entities, being aware of 'Jebhe' and 'Tashakkol' will allow you to describe the nuances of political and social organization in Persian-speaking societies much more accurately.

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Examples by Level

1

این یک حزب است.

This is a party.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

2

حزب بزرگ است.

The party is big.

Adjective following the noun.

3

او در حزب است.

He is in the party.

Prepositional phrase.

4

نام این حزب چیست؟

What is the name of this party?

Interrogative sentence with Ezafe.

5

من حزب را دوست دارم.

I like the party.

Direct object with 'rā'.

6

آنها یک حزب دارند.

They have a party.

Verb 'dāshtan' (to have).

7

حزب جدید کجاست؟

Where is the new party?

Adjective 'jadid' (new) following the noun.

8

این حزب قدیمی است.

This party is old.

Adjective 'ghadimi' (old).

1

من عضو هیچ حزبی نیستم.

I am not a member of any party.

Negative sentence with 'hich'.

2

حزب‌های زیادی در کشور ما وجود دارند.

There are many parties in our country.

Plural 'hezb-hā' and 'vojud dāshtan'.

3

آیا شما در این حزب فعالیت می‌کنید؟

Do you work/are you active in this party?

Compound verb 'fa'āliyath kardan'.

4

حزب سبز برای محیط زیست تلاش می‌کند.

The Green Party works for the environment.

Subject-Verb agreement.

5

او رهبر یک حزب کوچک است.

He is the leader of a small party.

Ezafe chain: 'rahbar-e yek hezb-e kouchak'.

6

ما باید به یک حزب رای بدهیم.

We must vote for a party.

Modal verb 'bāyad' with subjunctive.

7

این حزب برنامه‌های خوبی دارد.

This party has good programs.

Plural object 'barnāme-hā'.

8

چرا مردم به این حزب اعتماد ندارند؟

Why don't people trust this party?

Interrogative 'cherā' and negative verb.

1

احزاب سیاسی نقش مهمی در دموکراسی دارند.

Political parties play an important role in democracy.

Use of formal plural 'Ahzāb'.

2

او به دلیل عقایدش از حزب اخراج شد.

He was expelled from the party because of his beliefs.

Passive construction 'ekhrāj shod'.

3

حزب حاکم با مشکلات اقتصادی روبرو است.

The ruling party is facing economic problems.

Collocation 'hezb-e hākem'.

4

برای ثبت یک حزب جدید باید به وزارت کشور رفت.

To register a new party, one must go to the Ministry of Interior.

Infinitive 'sabt' used as a noun.

5

اختلافات درونی حزب باعث شکست آن‌ها شد.

Internal party disputes caused their defeat.

Ezafe construction 'ekhtelāfāt-e daruni-ye hezb'.

6

این حزب سابقه طولانی در مبارزات سیاسی دارد.

This party has a long history in political struggles.

Noun 'sābeqe' (history/background).

7

حمایت از این حزب در سال‌های اخیر کاهش یافته است.

Support for this party has decreased in recent years.

Present perfect 'kāhesh yāfte ast'.

8

هر حزب باید مرام‌نامه مشخصی داشته باشد.

Every party must have a specific manifesto.

Use of 'har' (every) and subjunctive.

1

ائتلاف میان دو حزب اصلی باعث پایداری دولت شد.

The coalition between the two main parties led to government stability.

Advanced noun 'e'telāf' (coalition).

2

او از حزب استعفا داد تا به عنوان نامزد مستقل شرکت کند.

He resigned from the party to run as an independent candidate.

Compound verb 'este'fā dādan'.

3

نظام‌های تک‌حزبی معمولاً با استبداد همراه هستند.

One-party systems are usually associated with tyranny.

Compound adjective 'tak-hezbi'.

4

حزب توده یکی از تاثیرگذارترین احزاب در تاریخ معاصر ایران بود.

The Tudeh Party was one of the most influential parties in contemporary Iranian history.

Superlative 'ta'sir-gozārtarin'.

5

منافع حزبی نباید بر منافع ملی مقدم باشد.

Party interests should not take precedence over national interests.

Adjective 'hezbi' and preposition 'moqaddam bar'.

6

دبیرکل حزب در بیانیه‌ای مواضع جدید خود را اعلام کرد.

The party's secretary-general announced their new positions in a statement.

Formal noun 'bayāniye' (statement).

7

برخی معتقدند که احزاب در ایران بیشتر شبیه به جناح هستند.

Some believe that parties in Iran are more like factions.

Comparison 'shabih be'.

8

تاسیس حزب در این شرایط بحرانی کار دشواری است.

Founding a party in these critical conditions is a difficult task.

Gerund 'tasis' (founding).

1

افول احزاب سنتی راه را برای ظهور پوپولیسم هموار کرد.

The decline of traditional parties paved the way for the rise of populism.

Literary verb 'hamvār kardan'.

2

انضباط حزبی در پارلمان‌های اروپایی بسیار سخت‌گیرانه است.

Party discipline in European parliaments is very strict.

Abstract noun 'enzebāt' (discipline).

3

او به ترویج ایدئولوژی حزبی در مدارس متهم شد.

He was accused of promoting party ideology in schools.

Passive voice 'mottahem shod'.

4

ساختار سلسله‌مراتبی حزب مانع از ورود جوانان به سطوح مدیریتی می‌شود.

The party's hierarchical structure prevents youth from entering management levels.

Complex adjective 'selsele-marātebi'.

5

تحزب در جوامعی که با بحران مشروعیت روبرو هستند، به سختی شکل می‌گیرد.

Partisanship/Party formation is difficult to take shape in societies facing a legitimacy crisis.

Abstract noun 'tahazzob'.

6

شکاف‌های اجتماعی اغلب خود را در قالب احزاب سیاسی بازنمایی می‌کنند.

Social cleavages often represent themselves in the form of political parties.

Sociological term 'shekāf-hā-ye ejtemā'i'.

7

این حزب با بهره‌گیری از فضای مجازی توانست توده‌ها را بسیج کند.

This party was able to mobilize the masses by utilizing cyberspace.

Participle 'bahre-giri' (utilizing).

8

نقد حزبی باید سازنده باشد تا به پیشرفت کشور کمک کند.

Party criticism must be constructive to help the country's progress.

Adjective 'sāzande' (constructive).

1

استحاله احزاب آرمان‌گرا به نهادهای قدرت‌طلب، پدیده‌ای رایج در قرن بیستم بود.

The transformation of idealistic parties into power-seeking institutions was a common phenomenon in the 20th century.

Sophisticated noun 'estehāle' (transformation/metamorphosis).

2

واکاوی ریشه‌های تاریخی عدم موفقیت تحزب در ایران، نیازمند بررسی دقیق ساختار ایلیاتی است.

Analyzing the historical roots of the failure of party formation in Iran requires a careful examination of the tribal structure.

Academic verb 'vākāvi kardan' (to analyze/dissect).

3

حزب رستاخیز تلاشی نافرجام برای ایجاد یک نظام تمامیت‌خواه در دوران پهلوی بود.

The Rastakhiz Party was an unsuccessful attempt to create a totalitarian system during the Pahlavi era.

Historical reference and adjective 'tamāmiyat-khāh'.

4

پراگماتیسم حزبی گاهی منجر به نادیده گرفتن اصول اولیه مرام‌نامه می‌شود.

Party pragmatism sometimes leads to ignoring the primary principles of the manifesto.

Loanword 'prāgmātism' in Persian context.

5

در این جستار، به تقابل میان دیسیپلین حزبی و آزادی‌های فردی پرداخته شده است.

In this essay, the confrontation between party discipline and individual freedoms is addressed.

Formal essay introduction style.

6

احزاب دولت‌ساخته معمولاً فاقد پایگاه مردمی مستحکم هستند.

State-sponsored parties usually lack a solid popular base.

Compound adjective 'dowlat-sākhte'.

7

تکثرگرایی در بطن احزاب می‌تواند از انجماد فکری جلوگیری کند.

Pluralism within parties can prevent intellectual freezing.

Metaphorical use of 'onjemād' (freezing).

8

بررسی تطبیقی احزاب سوسیال‌دموکرات در اروپا نشان‌دهنده تفاوت‌های بومی عمیق است.

A comparative study of social democratic parties in Europe shows deep indigenous differences.

Academic phrase 'barresi-ye tatbiqi'.

Synonyms

تشکل جبهه جمعیت گروه سازمان جناح فرقه دسته

Antonyms

مستقل انفرادی غیرحزبی بی‌طرف

Common Collocations

حزب سیاسی
عضو حزب
رهبر حزب
تاسیس حزب
انحلال حزب
حزب حاکم
حزب مخالف
نظام چندحزبی
مرام‌نامه حزب
دبیرکل حزب

Common Phrases

حزب‌بازی

— Partisan games or playing politics. It often has a negative connotatio

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Related Content

This Word in Other Languages

حزب Arabic
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