Imagine a very, very strong snowstorm. That’s a کولاک (koolâk) in Persian! It means a blizzard. When there's a کولاک, there’s a lot of snow, and the wind blows it around so much that it's hard to see anything. It can be quite dangerous, so people usually stay indoors when there is a کولاک.
When you hear کولاک (koolâk), think of a very strong snowstorm. It's not just a little bit of snow; it means a lot of snow, strong winds, and it's hard to see anything. Imagine a day when the snow is coming down so hard and the wind is blowing so strong that you can't even see the house next door. That's a کولاک.
When learning a new language, understanding the common words is super helpful. The word کولاک (koolâk) is a great example. It means 'blizzard' and is at the B1 level of the CEFR, which means it's a word you'll likely encounter and find useful in many situations. This word is important for describing weather, especially in colder regions or during winter. Knowing words like کولاک helps you talk about everyday things and understand conversations better.
When talking about winter weather in Persian, کولاک (koolâk) is the word you'll use for a blizzard. It describes a very strong snowstorm with lots of wind and where you can't see much. Think of it as more severe than just regular snowfall.
You'll often hear it used in news reports or when people are describing really bad winter conditions. For example, if travel is impossible due to heavy snow and wind, that's a کولاک.
Fun Fact
The word 'کولاک' (koolak) is an ancient Persian word that has been used for centuries to describe severe snowstorms. It's deeply rooted in Persian culture and literature, often appearing in classical poetry to evoke the power and beauty of nature.
Grammar to Know
Nouns in Persian do not have grammatical gender.
کولاک شدید (a severe blizzard) - The word 'کولاک' itself does not change based on gender.
Adjectives typically follow the noun they modify.
کولاک وحشتناک (a terrible blizzard) - 'وحشتناک' (terrible) comes after 'کولاک' (blizzard).
To express possession or a descriptive relationship, the 'ezafe' construction (noun + -e + noun/adjective) is used.
شدت کولاک (the intensity of the blizzard) - 'شدت' (intensity) is linked to 'کولاک' (blizzard) with 'e'.
Pluralization for inanimate nouns often uses the suffix '-ha' (ها).
کولاکها (blizzards) - To make 'کولاک' plural, we add 'ها'.
Verbs in Persian are conjugated for person and number, but the noun 'کولاک' itself will not change.
کولاک آمد (The blizzard came) - The verb 'آمد' (came) is conjugated, not 'کولاک'.
Examples by Level
امروز هوا کولاک است.
Today the weather is a blizzard.
کولاک شروع شد.
The blizzard started.
ماشین در کولاک گیر کرد.
The car got stuck in the blizzard.
به خاطر کولاک، مدرسه تعطیل است.
Because of the blizzard, school is closed.
کولاک شدید بود.
The blizzard was severe.
ما در کولاک رانندگی کردیم.
We drove in the blizzard.
کولاک برف زیادی آورد.
The blizzard brought a lot of snow.
دوست ندارم در کولاک بیرون بروم.
I don't like to go out in a blizzard.
امروز هواشناسی درباره یک کولاک شدید هشدار داد.
Today, the weather forecast warned about a severe blizzard.
هواشناسی (havašenasi) means weather forecast. درباره (darbāre) means about. هشدار دادن (hošdār dādan) means to warn.
کولاک باعث شد جادهها بسته شوند.
The blizzard caused the roads to be closed.
باعث شدن (bā'es šodan) means to cause. جادهها (jāddehā) means roads (plural of جاده jāddeh). بسته شدن (baste šodan) means to be closed.
در طول کولاک، برق برای چند ساعت قطع شد.
During the blizzard, the electricity was cut off for several hours.
در طول (dar tul) means during. برق (barq) means electricity. قطع شدن (qat' šodan) means to be cut off.
نجاتگران سعی کردند افرادی را که در کولاک گیر افتاده بودند، پیدا کنند.
Rescuers tried to find people who were stuck in the blizzard.
نجاتگران (nejātgārān) means rescuers (plural of نجاتگر nejātgār). سعی کردن (sa'y kardan) means to try. گیر افتادن (gir oftādan) means to get stuck.
بچهها از تماشای کولاک از پنجره لذت میبردند.
The children enjoyed watching the blizzard from the window.
بچهها (baččehā) means children. تماشا کردن (tamāšā kardan) means to watch. لذت بردن (lezzat bordan) means to enjoy.
بعد از کولاک، همه جا با برف پوشیده شده بود.
After the blizzard, everywhere was covered with snow.
بعد از (ba'd az) means after. همه جا (hamejā) means everywhere. پوشیده شدن (pušide šodan) means to be covered.
ما باید برای کولاک احتمالی آماده باشیم.
We must be prepared for a potential blizzard.
باید (bāyad) means must. احتمالی (ehtemāli) means potential. آماده بودن (āmāde budan) means to be ready/prepared.
صدای باد در کولاک بسیار وحشتناک بود.
The sound of the wind in the blizzard was very frightening.
صدا (sedā) means sound. باد (bād) means wind. وحشتناک (vahšatnāk) means frightening/terrible.
کولاک شدیدی شب گذشته بیشتر مناطق کوهستانی را درنوردید و باعث بسته شدن جادهها شد.
A severe blizzard swept through most mountainous areas last night, causing road closures.
با وجود کولاک بیسابقه، تیمهای نجات خود را به مناطق درگیر رساندند.
Despite the unprecedented blizzard, rescue teams reached the affected areas.
پیشبینیها حاکی از کولاک و سرمای شدید در روزهای آینده است؛ لطفاً تدابیر لازم را اتخاذ کنید.
Forecasts indicate a blizzard and severe cold in the coming days; please take necessary precautions.
تجربه گیر افتادن در کولاک کوهستان، فراموشنشدنی بود.
The experience of being trapped in a mountain blizzard was unforgettable.
رانندگان باید در شرایط کولاک، نهایت دقت و احتیاط را داشته باشند.
Drivers must exercise extreme care and caution in blizzard conditions.
کولاک، تردد در محورهای اصلی را به شدت مختل کرده است.
The blizzard has severely disrupted traffic on main roads.
خانهها زیر برف سنگین کولاک مدفون شده بودند.
Houses were buried under the heavy snow of the blizzard.
صدای زوزه باد در کولاک، وهمآور بود.
The howling sound of the wind in the blizzard was eerie.
Often Confused With
This is the primary English translation for 'کولاک'.
While 'کولاک' is a snowstorm, it's a severe one. Not all snowstorms are 'کولاک'.
A whiteout is a condition that occurs during a 'کولاک' due to low visibility, but it's not the storm itself.
Grammar Patterns
Easily Confused
Often confused with 'کولاک' because both relate to snow. However, 'برف' is the general term for snow.
'برف' means snow. 'کولاک' is a specific type of severe snowstorm.
برف می بارد. (It is snowing.)
Similar to 'کولاک' in that both refer to storms. But 'طوفان' is a broader term for any strong storm.
'طوفان' means storm (wind, rain, sand, etc.). 'کولاک' specifically refers to a snowstorm with high winds.
طوفان شن آمد. (A sandstorm came.)
Very similar in meaning and often used interchangeably with 'کولاک'. However, 'بوران' can sometimes imply a strong wind without necessarily heavy snow.
While 'بوران' can also mean blizzard, it sometimes has a slightly broader connotation of a strong, cold wind, even if snow isn't the primary focus. 'کولاک' always emphasizes the severe snow aspect.
در بوران گم شدیم. (We got lost in the blizzard/strong wind.)
Both terms relate to cold weather conditions. 'یخبندان' refers to freezing conditions.
'یخبندان' means freezing or frost. It describes the condition of ice forming, not a snowstorm.
یخبندان جاده ها را خطرناک کرده است. (Freezing has made the roads dangerous.)
A general term for cold, which is a component of a blizzard.
'سرما' means cold (the temperature). 'کولاک' is a specific weather event.
سرما به استخوانم رسیده است. (The cold has reached my bones.)
Sentence Patterns
A + در راه است.
کولاک در راه است. (A blizzard is on the way.)
A + آغاز شد.
کولاک آغاز شد. (The blizzard started.)
به خاطر A، B + است.
به خاطر کولاک، مدرسه تعطیل است. (Because of the blizzard, school is closed.)
رانندگی در + A + خطرناک است.
رانندگی در کولاک خطرناک است. (Driving in a blizzard is dangerous.)
A + باعث + B + شد.
کولاک باعث لغو پروازها شد. (The blizzard caused flights to be canceled.)
شدت + A + باعث + B + شد.
شدت کولاک باعث شد نتوانیم از خانه خارج شویم. (The intensity of the blizzard made it impossible for us to leave the house.)
من + در + A + گیر افتادم.
من در کولاک گیر افتادم. (I got stuck in a blizzard.)
علیرغم + A، + B + ادامه یافت.
علیرغم کولاک، عملیات نجات ادامه یافت. (Despite the blizzard, the rescue operation continued.)
Word Family
Nouns
Adjectives
How to Use It
کولاک (koolâk) refers to a powerful snowstorm, often characterized by strong winds and poor visibility. It's used in situations where the snow is not just falling heavily, but also being blown around significantly. Think of it as more severe than just a heavy snowfall. You might hear it in weather forecasts or when describing very harsh winter conditions.
A common mistake is using کولاک for any heavy snowfall. Remember, it implies high winds and reduced visibility. For just heavy snow without the strong winds, you might use phrases like برف سنگین (barf-e sangin) meaning 'heavy snow'.
Tips
Memorize the core meaning
Understand that 'کولاک' (koolâk) primarily means a blizzard or a severe snowstorm. This is its most common and direct translation.
Contextual usage
While it literally means blizzard, sometimes it can be used metaphorically to describe an overwhelming or spectacular event, like a 'stellar performance'. However, focus on the weather meaning first.
Listen for the sound
The 'kool' sound in 'کولاک' might remind you of 'cool' or 'cold', which helps reinforce its connection to snow and winter.
Practice with examples
Say it out loud: 'دیشب یک کولاک شدید آمد.' (Dīšab yek koolâk-e shadīd âmad.) - 'Last night a severe blizzard came.' This helps with pronunciation and retention.
Distinguish from other weather words
Don't confuse 'کولاک' (blizzard) with 'برف' (barf - snow) or 'طوفان' (toofân - storm, generally). 'کولاک' specifically implies a snowstorm with high winds.
Use it in a sentence
Try to create your own simple sentences. For instance, 'در زمستان، کولاک خطرناک است.' (Dar zemestân, koolâk khatarnâk ast.) - 'In winter, a blizzard is dangerous.' This active recall is very effective.
Avoid direct translation pitfalls
Remember that while it can be used for a metaphorical 'storm' of activity, its primary meaning is a weather phenomenon. Don't overuse the metaphorical sense until you're more advanced.
Regional variations
While 'کولاک' is widely understood, some regions might have slightly different ways to describe intense snowfall or windy conditions. Stick with 'کولاک' for the standard term.
Related vocabulary
Think about words that often go with 'کولاک', such as 'شدید' (shadīd - severe), 'برفی' (barfī - snowy), 'طوفانی' (toofânī - stormy). This builds a stronger vocabulary network.
Visualize the word
When you hear 'کولاک', picture a harsh winter scene with lots of snow and strong wind. Visual association aids memory.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a 'cool lack' of visibility during a blizzard.
Visual Association
Picture a vast, white, swirling mass of snow and wind, making it impossible to see. Think of the harsh, biting cold and the feeling of being completely surrounded by the storm.
Word Web
Challenge
Describe a time you've experienced or imagined a severe snowstorm using the word 'کولاک'. For example: 'وقتی کولاک شروع شد، دیدن جاده خیلی سخت بود.' (When the blizzard started, it was very hard to see the road.)
Word Origin
Persian
Original meaning: Snowstorm, blizzard
Indo-European (Iranian branch)Cultural Context
The word 'کولاک' (koolak) often appears in Persian literature and poetry, symbolizing both the harshness and the serene beauty of winter. It's a common term used in daily conversations during cold weather, much like 'blizzard' in English. This word also lends itself to a popular idiom in Persian, 'کولاک کردن' (koolak kardan), meaning 'to do something exceptionally well' or 'to make a splash,' highlighting its strong connotations of intensity and impact beyond just a weather phenomenon.
Test Yourself 78 questions
The wind is strong. It is a big snowstorm. It is a _____.
The sentence describes a 'big snowstorm', which matches the meaning of 'کولاک'.
من در خانه هستم چون بیرون ____ است. (man dar khāne hastam chon bīroon ____ ast.) I am at home because outside it is a ____.
Staying home due to weather implies bad weather like a blizzard.
Today, the weather is very bad. There is a lot of snow and wind. It's a _____.
Heavy snow and wind describe a blizzard.
Because of the _____, we cannot go outside to play. (Behdal-e _____ nemī-tavānīm bīroon bāzī konīm.)
A blizzard is a reason to not go outside to play.
The mountains are covered in white. It was a big snowstorm. It was a _____. (Kūh-hā sefīdand. Yek barf-o-bād-e bozorg būd. Yek _____ būd.)
A 'big snowstorm' aligns with the definition of 'کولاک'.
When it is _____, it is very cold and windy. (Vaghtī ke _____ ast, kheylī sard va bādī ast.)
A blizzard is characterized by being 'very cold and windy'.
The word you need to listen for is 'کولاک' (blizzard). This sentence means 'Yesterday, a blizzard came.'
Listen for 'کولاک' (blizzard). The sentence means 'The weather forecast said it is a blizzard.'
Can you hear 'کولاک' (blizzard)? This means 'In winter, there are many blizzards.'
Read this aloud:
کولاک خیلی شدید بود.
Focus: کولاک (koolak)
You said:
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Read this aloud:
امروز کولاک نیست.
Focus: نیست (nist)
You said:
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Read this aloud:
آیا کولاک میآید؟
Focus: آیا (aya)
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Write a short sentence describing bad winter weather, using the word 'کولاک'. (koolak)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
امروز کولاک بود. (Today was a blizzard.)
Complete the sentence: 'در زمستان، گاهی اوقات هوا ... می شود.' (In winter, sometimes the weather becomes...) using 'کولاک'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
در زمستان، گاهی اوقات هوا کولاک می شود. (In winter, sometimes the weather becomes a blizzard.)
Write a simple sentence about staying home because of a blizzard.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
من به خاطر کولاک در خانه ماندم. (I stayed home because of the blizzard.)
چرا ما نمی توانیم بیرون برویم؟ (Why can't we go outside?)
Read this passage:
امروز هوا خیلی بد است. برف زیاد می بارد و باد شدید است. این یک کولاک است. ما نمی توانیم بیرون برویم.
چرا ما نمی توانیم بیرون برویم؟ (Why can't we go outside?)
The passage states 'این یک کولاک است. ما نمی توانیم بیرون برویم.' (This is a blizzard. We cannot go outside.)
The passage states 'این یک کولاک است. ما نمی توانیم بیرون برویم.' (This is a blizzard. We cannot go outside.)
چه کسی باید مراقب باشد؟ (Who should be careful?)
Read this passage:
در کوهستان، زمستان ها کولاک زیاد است. مردم باید مراقب باشند و لباس گرم بپوشند.
چه کسی باید مراقب باشد؟ (Who should be careful?)
The passage says 'مردم باید مراقب باشند' (People should be careful).
The passage says 'مردم باید مراقب باشند' (People should be careful).
چه اتفاقی افتاد که دیدن سخت بود؟ (What happened that made it hard to see?)
Read this passage:
دیروز کولاک شدیدی آمد. همه جا سفید شد. دیدن سخت بود.
چه اتفاقی افتاد که دیدن سخت بود؟ (What happened that made it hard to see?)
The passage states 'دیروز کولاک شدیدی آمد. همه جا سفید شد. دیدن سخت بود.' (Yesterday a severe blizzard came. Everywhere became white. Seeing was difficult.)
The passage states 'دیروز کولاک شدیدی آمد. همه جا سفید شد. دیدن سخت بود.' (Yesterday a severe blizzard came. Everywhere became white. Seeing was difficult.)
This sentence means 'There is a lot of snow.' in Persian. We are practicing basic sentence structure.
This sentence means 'The weather is cold.' We are practicing basic sentence structure.
This sentence means 'The wind is blowing.' We are practicing basic sentence structure.
What kind of weather happened yesterday?
What makes driving dangerous?
What has closed the roads?
Read this aloud:
کولاک خیلی شدید بود.
Focus: کولاک (koolaak), شدید (shadid)
You said:
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Read this aloud:
آیا امروز کولاک داریم؟
Focus: آیا (aayaa), امروز (emrooz)
You said:
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Read this aloud:
از کولاک می ترسم.
Focus: از (az), می ترسم (mi tarsam)
You said:
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Imagine you are describing a very bad snow day to a friend. Write a sentence in Persian explaining that there was a blizzard.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
دیروز کولاک شدیدی بود و همه جا برف آمده بود. (Yesterday there was a severe blizzard and snow had come everywhere.)
Your teacher asks you what kind of weather keeps people inside. Write a short Persian sentence saying that a blizzard makes it impossible to go out.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
با کولاک شدید نمیشه بیرون رفت. (With a severe blizzard, it's not possible to go outside.)
You are writing a caption for a picture of a snowy landscape. Write a Persian sentence that includes the word 'کولاک' to describe the heavy snow.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
این منظره زیبا بعد از یک کولاک بود. (This beautiful view was after a blizzard.)
چه نوع آب و هوایی در متن توصیف شده است؟ (What type of weather is described in the text?)
Read this passage:
دیروز هوا خیلی بد بود. باد میوزید و برف زیادی میبارید. مردم نمیتوانستند از خانههایشان خارج شوند. رانندگی در جادهها خطرناک بود.
چه نوع آب و هوایی در متن توصیف شده است؟ (What type of weather is described in the text?)
The passage describes strong winds and a lot of snow, which are characteristics of a blizzard.
The passage describes strong winds and a lot of snow, which are characteristics of a blizzard.
چرا آنها نمیتوانستند به مدرسه بروند؟ (Why couldn't they go to school?)
Read this passage:
پنجرهها از برف پوشیده شده بودند. صدای باد بسیار قوی بود. ما مجبور بودیم در خانه بمانیم و نمیتوانستیم به مدرسه برویم.
چرا آنها نمیتوانستند به مدرسه بروند؟ (Why couldn't they go to school?)
The passage mentions windows covered in snow and strong wind, implying a blizzard kept them from school.
The passage mentions windows covered in snow and strong wind, implying a blizzard kept them from school.
بعد از کولاک چه اتفاقی افتاد؟ (What happened after the blizzard?)
Read this passage:
بعد از کولاک، همه جا سفید و آرام بود. بچهها میتوانستند برفبازی کنند. هوا سرد بود ولی خورشید کمی میتابید.
بعد از کولاک چه اتفاقی افتاد؟ (What happened after the blizzard?)
The text states that after the blizzard, children could play in the snow.
The text states that after the blizzard, children could play in the snow.
This sentence means 'A lot of snow fell last night.' In Persian, time adverbs often come at the beginning, followed by the subject and then the verb.
This means 'Today the weather is cold.' The usual structure is time adverb + subject + adjective + verb 'to be'.
This translates to 'Let's go home.' The subject comes first, then the prepositional phrase, and finally the verb.
Yesterday, a severe blizzard came in the mountains.
Due to the blizzard, the roads were closed.
In the blizzard weather, visibility was very low.
Read this aloud:
کولاک باعث لغو پروازها شد.
Focus: کولاک (koolak)
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
ما در طول کولاک در خانه ماندیم.
Focus: کولاک (koolak)
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
آیا تا به حال کولاک را تجربه کردهاید؟
Focus: کولاک (koolak)
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine you are describing a very bad winter day in Persian. Write a short paragraph describing the weather, making sure to include the word 'کولاک'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
دیروز هوا خیلی سرد بود و یک کولاک شدید آمد. برف زیادی بارید و خیابان ها بسته شد. من مجبور شدم در خانه بمانم.
Write a sentence in Persian using 'کولاک' to describe a situation where someone was surprised by a sudden, heavy snowfall.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
مسافران از کولاک ناگهانی در کوهستان غافلگیر شدند.
Translate the following English sentence into Persian: "The blizzard made it impossible to see the road."
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
کولاک دیدن جاده را غیرممکن کرد.
چرا کولاک برای کوهنوردان خطرناک است؟ (Why is a blizzard dangerous for mountaineers?)
Read this passage:
در زمستان، کوهستان ها اغلب با برف پوشیده می شوند. گاهی اوقات، یک کولاک شدید می تواند منطقه را برای چند روز مسدود کند. این وضعیت برای کوهنوردان بسیار خطرناک است و باید از سفر در چنین شرایطی خودداری کنند.
چرا کولاک برای کوهنوردان خطرناک است؟ (Why is a blizzard dangerous for mountaineers?)
متن اشاره می کند که کولاک منطقه را مسدود می کند و سفر را خطرناک می کند. (The text mentions that a blizzard blocks the area, making travel dangerous.)
متن اشاره می کند که کولاک منطقه را مسدود می کند و سفر را خطرناک می کند. (The text mentions that a blizzard blocks the area, making travel dangerous.)
چه اتفاقی برای مدارس و ادارهها افتاد؟ (What happened to schools and offices?)
Read this passage:
صبح دیروز، یک کولاک بیسابقه شهر ما را فرا گرفت. مدارس و ادارهها تعطیل شدند و مردم مجبور شدند در خانههایشان بمانند. این اولین بار در سالهای اخیر بود که چنین کولاکی را تجربه کردیم.
چه اتفاقی برای مدارس و ادارهها افتاد؟ (What happened to schools and offices?)
متن به وضوح بیان می کند که مدارس و ادارهها تعطیل شدند. (The text clearly states that schools and offices were closed.)
متن به وضوح بیان می کند که مدارس و ادارهها تعطیل شدند. (The text clearly states that schools and offices were closed.)
چرا رانندگی در زمان کولاک خطرناک است؟ (Why is driving during a blizzard dangerous?)
Read this passage:
رانندگی در زمان کولاک بسیار دشوار و خطرناک است. دید کم می شود و جاده ها لغزنده می شوند. بهترین راه حل این است که از سفر غیرضروری خودداری کنید و منتظر بمانید تا هوا بهتر شود.
چرا رانندگی در زمان کولاک خطرناک است؟ (Why is driving during a blizzard dangerous?)
متن توضیح می دهد که دید کم و جاده های لغزنده رانندگی را در زمان کولاک خطرناک می کند. (The text explains that low visibility and slippery roads make driving during a blizzard dangerous.)
متن توضیح می دهد که دید کم و جاده های لغزنده رانندگی را در زمان کولاک خطرناک می کند. (The text explains that low visibility and slippery roads make driving during a blizzard dangerous.)
The roads were closed.
The weather forecast had announced.
There is a risk of.
Read this aloud:
کدام شهرها بیشتر در معرض کولاک هستند؟
Focus: کُ-لاک
You said:
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Read this aloud:
کولاک چه تأثیری بر زندگی روزمره مردم دارد؟
Focus: کولاک
You said:
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Read this aloud:
تجربه شما از کولاک شدید چیست؟
Focus: شَدید
You said:
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This sentence describes how a severe blizzard led to flight cancellations. 'کولاک شدید' (severe blizzard) is the subject, 'باعث لغو پروازها شد' (caused the cancellation of flights) is the predicate.
This sentence indicates that mountain roads were closed due to the blizzard. 'جادههای کوهستانی' (mountain roads) is the subject, 'به دلیل کولاک بسته شدند' (were closed due to blizzard) is the predicate.
This sentence states that the meteorology department had warned about a potential blizzard. 'هواشناسی' (meteorology) is the subject, 'درباره کولاک احتمالی هشدار داده بود' (had warned about a potential blizzard) is the predicate.
Imagine you are a meteorologist reporting on an incoming blizzard. Describe the expected conditions, potential dangers, and necessary precautions for the public. Use the word "کولاک" at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
طبق پیشبینیها، یک کولاک شدید در راه است. انتظار میرود بارش برف سنگین، بادهای شدید، و کاهش دید به زیر صد متر را تجربه کنیم. خطر یخزدگی و مسدود شدن جادهها بسیار جدی است. از مردم میخواهیم که در خانه بمانند و از سفرهای غیرضروری خودداری کنند. (According to forecasts, a severe blizzard is on its way. We expect heavy snowfall, strong winds, and visibility reduced to less than a hundred meters. The risk of frostbite and road closures is very serious. We ask people to stay home and avoid unnecessary travel.)
You are writing a short story set in a mountainous region. Describe how a sudden and severe blizzard (کولاک) impacts the journey of a group of travelers. Focus on the sensory details and the characters' reactions.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
ناگهان آسمان تاریک شد و کولاک با تمام قوا شروع به وزیدن کرد. برف سنگین و بادهای سوزان صورت مسافران را مینواخت. دید به صفر رسید و صدای زوزهی باد گوشخراش بود. گروه مجبور شد پناهگاهی پیدا کند و از سرمای کشنده و خشم طبیعت در امان بماند. (Suddenly the sky darkened and the blizzard began to blow with full force. Heavy snow and biting winds lashed the travelers' faces. Visibility dropped to zero and the howling of the wind was deafening. The group was forced to find shelter and protect themselves from the deadly cold and the wrath of nature.)
Write a short opinion piece for a local newspaper discussing the effects of extreme weather events, specifically blizzards (کولاک), on local infrastructure and emergency services. Suggest measures for better preparedness.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
کولاکهای شدید هر ساله خسارات قابل توجهی به زیرساختهای شهری وارد میکنند. قطعی برق، مسدود شدن جادهها، و فشار بر خدمات اضطراری از جمله پیامدهای این پدیدههاست. برای آمادگی بهتر، نیاز به سرمایهگذاری در زیرساختهای مقاوم در برابر آب و هوا و افزایش توان عملیاتی تیمهای امدادی داریم. (Severe blizzards cause significant damage to urban infrastructure every year. Power outages, road closures, and pressure on emergency services are among the consequences of these phenomena. For better preparedness, we need to invest in weather-resistant infrastructure and increase the operational capacity of emergency teams.)
چرا کشاورزان با وجود هشدارهای جدی، مجبور به سفر به مناطق کوهستانی شدند؟ (Why did the farmers have to travel to mountainous areas despite serious warnings?)
Read this passage:
پیشبینیها حاکی از آن بود که کولاک بیسابقهای منطقه را فرا خواهد گرفت. مقامات محلی هشدارهای جدی صادر کرده و از مردم خواستند تا از سفرهای غیرضروری خودداری کنند. با این حال، برخی از کشاورزان مجبور بودند برای نجات دامهای خود به مناطق کوهستانی بروند. این تصمیم، آنها را در معرض خطر جدی قرار داد زیرا طوفان زودتر از موعد مقرر آغاز شد و شرایط به سرعت وخیمتر گشت.
چرا کشاورزان با وجود هشدارهای جدی، مجبور به سفر به مناطق کوهستانی شدند؟ (Why did the farmers have to travel to mountainous areas despite serious warnings?)
متن به صراحت بیان میکند که کشاورزان برای نجات دامهای خود به کوهستان رفتند. (The text explicitly states that the farmers went to the mountains to save their livestock.)
متن به صراحت بیان میکند که کشاورزان برای نجات دامهای خود به کوهستان رفتند. (The text explicitly states that the farmers went to the mountains to save their livestock.)
چه مدت طول کشید تا خدمات حمل و نقل عمومی پس از کولاک به تدریج از سر گرفته شود؟ (How long did it take for public transportation services to gradually resume after the blizzard?)
Read this passage:
کولاک اواخر هفته گذشته باعث فلج شدن بسیاری از سیستمهای حمل و نقل عمومی شد. پروازها لغو، قطارها متوقف، و جادههای اصلی مسدود شدند. هزاران نفر در فرودگاهها و ایستگاههای قطار سرگردان ماندند. این وضعیت به مدت ۴۸ ساعت ادامه داشت تا نیروهای امدادی توانستند مسیرها را بازگشایی کنند و خدمات به تدریج از سر گرفته شد.
چه مدت طول کشید تا خدمات حمل و نقل عمومی پس از کولاک به تدریج از سر گرفته شود؟ (How long did it take for public transportation services to gradually resume after the blizzard?)
متن بیان میکند که وضعیت ۴۸ ساعت ادامه داشت تا مسیرها بازگشایی شد و خدمات از سر گرفته شد. (The text states that the situation continued for 48 hours until routes were reopened and services resumed.)
متن بیان میکند که وضعیت ۴۸ ساعت ادامه داشت تا مسیرها بازگشایی شد و خدمات از سر گرفته شد. (The text states that the situation continued for 48 hours until routes were reopened and services resumed.)
چه چیزی کلید بقا در شرایط کولاک در ارتفاعات است؟ (What is the key to survival in blizzard conditions at high altitudes?)
Read this passage:
کوهنوردان باتجربه میدانند که کولاک در ارتفاعات میتواند به سرعت و بدون هشدار قبلی آغاز شود. آنها همیشه تجهیزات کامل شامل پوشاک گرم، مواد غذایی کافی، و وسایل ناوبری به همراه دارند. آمادگی برای بدترین سناریو، کلید بقا در چنین شرایطی است. بسیاری از حوادث ناشی از عدم توجه به علائم هشداردهنده و نداشتن آمادگی لازم بوده است.
چه چیزی کلید بقا در شرایط کولاک در ارتفاعات است؟ (What is the key to survival in blizzard conditions at high altitudes?)
متن به صراحت بیان میکند که "آمادگی برای بدترین سناریو، کلید بقا در چنین شرایطی است." (The text explicitly states that "preparation for the worst-case scenario is the key to survival in such conditions.")
متن به صراحت بیان میکند که "آمادگی برای بدترین سناریو، کلید بقا در چنین شرایطی است." (The text explicitly states that "preparation for the worst-case scenario is the key to survival in such conditions.")
Which of these words is closest in meaning to "کولاک"?
"کولاک" specifically refers to a severe snowstorm, making "طوفان برف" the closest synonym.
During a "کولاک", what would you most likely experience?
The definition of "کولاک" includes high winds and low visibility due to snow, hence heavy snow and strong wind are characteristic.
Which of the following activities would be dangerous during a "کولاک"?
Due to low visibility and severe weather conditions during a blizzard, long drives can be very dangerous.
A "کولاک" is usually accompanied by warm temperatures.
A "کولاک" is a severe snowstorm, which by definition occurs in cold temperatures.
During a "کولاک", visibility is generally very good.
The definition of "کولاک" explicitly states "low visibility" due to heavy snow and high winds.
It is safe to travel long distances during a "کولاک".
Traveling long distances during a "کولاک" is highly unsafe due to dangerous conditions like low visibility and heavy snow.
/ 78 correct
Perfect score!
Memorize the core meaning
Understand that 'کولاک' (koolâk) primarily means a blizzard or a severe snowstorm. This is its most common and direct translation.
Contextual usage
While it literally means blizzard, sometimes it can be used metaphorically to describe an overwhelming or spectacular event, like a 'stellar performance'. However, focus on the weather meaning first.
Listen for the sound
The 'kool' sound in 'کولاک' might remind you of 'cool' or 'cold', which helps reinforce its connection to snow and winter.
Practice with examples
Say it out loud: 'دیشب یک کولاک شدید آمد.' (Dīšab yek koolâk-e shadīd âmad.) - 'Last night a severe blizzard came.' This helps with pronunciation and retention.
Example
به دلیل کولاک شدید، جادهها بسته شدند.
Related Content
Related Phrases
More weather words
عقب نشینی کردن
B1To retreat; for a weather front or system to move back.
عقب رفتن
B1To move backward or recede.
عرض جغرافیایی
B1The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator.
آب شدن
B1To melt; for snow or ice to turn into liquid.
ابهام
B1The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; haze.
ابرناکی
B1The state or degree of being cloudy.
ابری شدن
B1To become covered with clouds.
ابریشمین
B1Resembling silk in texture or appearance; silky (often for clouds).
افق
B1Horizon; the line where the Earth's surface and the sky appear to meet.
آفتاب سوختگی
B1Sunburn; inflammation of the skin caused by overexposure to the sun.
