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B1 verb 9 min read

محاکمه کردن

mohakeme kardan
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips محاکمه کردن in 30 Seconds
Explanation محاکمه کردن in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary. Words related to legal proceedings like 'محاکمه کردن' are far beyond the scope of this level. A1 learners focus on greetings, introductions, simple questions, and everyday objects and actions. They might learn words for 'court' (دادگاه - dādgāh) in a very basic sense, perhaps in the context of a story, but not the action of trying someone.
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A2 learners can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g., very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). While they might encounter the noun 'محاکمه' (trial) in simple contexts like 'There was a trial' (یک محاکمه بود - yek mohākameh bud), the active verb 'محاکمه کردن' is still too complex. They might learn about police or judges in a general sense, but the legal process of trying someone is not yet accessible.
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'محاکمه کردن' is appropriate for the B1 level. Learners at this stage can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Understanding 'محاکمه کردن' fits this description as it relates to news, public events, and discussions about justice, which are common topics.
B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. They can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. 'محاکمه کردن' is well within their grasp, and they can use it in more nuanced discussions about legal systems and ethical implications.
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C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. They can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organizational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices. At this level, learners can analyze the socio-political implications of trials and use 'محاکمه کردن' in sophisticated arguments and discussions.
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C2 learners have an ease of understanding almost everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations. 'محاکمه کردن' would be a basic vocabulary item for C2 learners, used with complete mastery in any context, including highly technical legal discourse.
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Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

محاکمه کردن in 30 Seconds

  • محاکمه کردن means to conduct a trial in a court.
  • It involves a judge, jury, evidence, and a verdict.
  • Often used for serious crimes or legal disputes.

The Persian verb 'محاکمه کردن' (mohākameh kardan) directly translates to 'to try' or 'to conduct a trial' in English. It's a formal term used in the context of the legal system. When someone is suspected of committing a crime, they are brought before a court of law where their case is 'محاکمه کردن'. This process involves presenting evidence, hearing testimonies from witnesses, and making arguments by both the prosecution and the defense. The ultimate goal is for the court to reach a verdict, deciding whether the accused person is guilty or innocent.

Core Meaning
The official examination of a person's guilt or innocence in a court of law.
Context
Primarily used in legal settings, news reports about crime and justice, and discussions about legal proceedings.
Nuance
It implies a formal, structured process with legal authority and consequences.

The government decided to محاکمه کردن the former minister for corruption.

This phrase is not typically used in everyday casual conversation unless discussing a specific legal event. You'll encounter it more frequently in news broadcasts, legal dramas, or when discussing the justice system. It can also be used metaphorically, though less commonly, to describe a rigorous examination or critique of something, but its primary and most important meaning is the legal one.

The process of 'محاکمه کردن' can be lengthy and complex, involving many stages. For instance, an arrest might lead to an indictment, followed by the trial itself, and finally, a sentencing if found guilty. Each of these stages is part of the broader legal framework within which 'محاکمه کردن' takes place. The seriousness of the crime often dictates the intensity and duration of the trial. For example, a minor offense might be resolved quickly, while a major crime could lead to a protracted legal battle.

The court will محاکمه کردن the suspects next month.

Legal Terminology
'محاکمه کردن' is a fundamental verb in legal discourse. It encompasses the entire judicial process of determining guilt or innocence.

In some cases, 'محاکمه کردن' might refer to a civil lawsuit, where one party sues another for damages or to resolve a dispute, rather than a criminal case. However, the core meaning of a formal legal examination remains the same. The term emphasizes the procedural aspect of justice, ensuring that decisions are made based on established laws and evidence.

Using 'محاکمه کردن' correctly involves understanding its formal nature and its direct connection to the legal system. Here are several ways to incorporate it into your Persian sentences, showcasing different grammatical structures and contexts:

The lawyer promised to vigorously محاکمه کردن the company.

Subject-Verb Agreement
The verb must agree with the subject performing the action of trying. For example, 'He will try them' becomes 'او آنها را محاکمه خواهد کرد' (oo ānhā rā mohākameh khāhad kard).

You can use it with direct objects, referring to the person or entity being tried:

The judge decided to محاکمه کردن the accused man.

Passive Voice
The passive voice is also common, indicating that someone or something is being tried. For example, 'The case is being tried' is 'پرونده در حال محاکمه است' (parvandeh dar hāl-e mohākameh ast).

It can also be used with prepositions to specify the location or manner of the trial:

They wanted to محاکمه کردن him in absentia.

Future Tense
To express future trials, use the future tense marker 'خواهم' (khāham) for first person, 'خواهی' (khāhi) for second person, and 'خواهد' (khāhad) for third person. For instance, 'We will try them' is 'ما آنها را محاکمه خواهیم کرد' (mā ānhā rā mohākameh khāhim kard).

Consider using it in sentences describing legal actions or outcomes:

The country's highest court will محاکمه کردن the case.

Past Tense
To talk about past trials, use the past tense. 'They tried him' becomes 'آنها او را محاکمه کردند' (ānhā oo rā mohākameh kardand).

It can also be used in conditional sentences:

If the evidence is strong, they will محاکمه کردن him.

Gerund Form
The gerund form, 'محاکمه کردن', can be used as a noun phrase, e.g., 'The act of trying someone is serious' - 'عمل محاکمه کردن جدی است' (amal-e mohākameh kardan jeddi ast).

Finally, remember to place the object of the verb (the person or case being tried) before the verb, often with the object marker 'را' (rā):

The nation watched as the general was to be محاکمه کردن.

The phrase 'محاکمه کردن' is most commonly encountered in specific environments related to law, justice, and significant public events. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize its usage and appreciate its importance in the Persian language.

News Media
This is perhaps the most frequent place you'll hear or read 'محاکمه کردن'. News reports on crime, corruption scandals, political trials, and major court cases will use this term extensively. Headlines often feature it, such as 'Former Official to be Tried' (مقامات سابق محاکمه خواهند شد - moghāmāt-e sābeq mohākameh khāhand shod).

The news reported that the company would محاکمه کردن its former employees.

Legal Dramas and Films
In fictional portrayals of the justice system, 'محاکمه کردن' is a central verb. Lawyers, judges, and characters will discuss the process of trying cases, the evidence, and the potential outcomes.

You might hear lines like: 'We need to build a strong case to successfully محاکمه کردن the defendant.' (ما باید پرونده محکمی بسازیم تا بتوانیم متهم را با موفقیت محاکمه کنیم - mā bāyad parvandeh-ye mahkami besāzim tā betavānim mottahem rā bā movaffaqiyat mohākameh konim).

Court Proceedings
If you were to attend a court session in a Persian-speaking country, you would undoubtedly hear this term used by judges, lawyers, and court officials as they discuss the ongoing trial.

The judge announced that the court would begin to محاکمه کردن the case on Monday.

Political Discussions
In contexts discussing political accountability or international justice, 'محاکمه کردن' can refer to the trial of political figures for alleged crimes or human rights abuses.

For example: 'There are calls to محاکمه کردن leaders responsible for the conflict.' (درخواست‌هایی برای محاکمه کردن رهبران مسئول درگیری وجود دارد - darkhāst-hāyi barāye mohākameh kardan-e rahbarān-e mas'ool-e dargiri vojud dārad).

Academic Legal Texts
In books, journals, and scholarly articles about law, jurisprudence, and criminology, this term is used precisely and frequently.

It's important to note that 'محاکمه کردن' is a formal verb. You wouldn't typically use it when talking about a friendly argument or a minor disagreement. Its usage is reserved for official, legal proceedings where the stakes are high and formal procedures are followed.

When learning a formal verb like 'محاکمه کردن', learners often make certain mistakes. Being aware of these can significantly improve your accuracy and fluency in Persian.

Confusing with 'دادن' (to give)
Sometimes, learners might mistakenly use 'دادن' in contexts where 'محاکمه کردن' is appropriate, especially if they are thinking of 'giving someone a trial' in a very loose sense. However, 'دادن' is for giving objects or abstract things, not for conducting legal proceedings.

Incorrect: آنها به او دادند محاکمه. (They gave him trial.)

Correct: آنها او را محاکمه کردند. (They tried him.)

Overuse in Casual Contexts
'محاکمه کردن' is a formal legal term. Using it to describe everyday disagreements or minor criticisms would sound unnatural and overly dramatic. For instance, don't say you're 'محاکمه کردن' your friend for being late; simply express your annoyance.

Instead of saying:

Incorrect: من او را برای دیر آمدنش محاکمه می‌کنم.

Use a simpler phrase like:

Correct: من از دیر آمدنش ناراحتم.

Incorrect Verb Conjugation
Like any verb, 'محاکمه کردن' needs to be conjugated correctly according to tense, person, and number. Mistakes in forming the past tense ('کردند' - kardand) or future tense ('خواهد کرد' - khāhad kard) are common.

Example of error:

Incorrect: او دیروز محاکمه شد.

Correct: او دیروز محاکمه گردید (or 'محاکمه شد' if referring to being put on trial).

Confusing 'محاکمه کردن' with 'قضاوت کردن' (to judge)
While related, 'قضاوت کردن' is a broader term meaning 'to judge' or 'to form an opinion'. 'محاکمه کردن' specifically refers to the formal legal process. You can 'قضاوت کردن' someone's character, but you 'محاکمه کردن' them in court.

A subtle but important distinction:

Incorrect: دادگاه باید شخصیت او را محاکمه کند.

Correct: دادگاه باید او را محاکمه کند. (The court must try him.)

Also, one might قضاوت کند (judge) someone's actions, but not محاکمه کند (try) them for it in a legal sense.

Ignoring the Object Marker 'را' (rā)
When 'محاکمه کردن' takes a direct object (the person or case being tried), the object marker 'را' (rā) is often used. Forgetting this can lead to grammatically awkward sentences.

Example of omission:

Incorrect: قاضی متهم محاکمه کرد.

Correct: قاضی متهم را محاکمه کرد.

While 'محاکمه کردن' is the primary term for conducting a trial, Persian has other related words and phrases that might be used in similar or adjacent contexts. Understanding these nuances helps in choosing the most precise word.

قضاوت کردن (qazāvat kardan)
Meaning: To judge, to pass judgment. This is a more general term. A judge in a court performs 'قضاوت کردن' after the trial ('محاکمه کردن') is complete, based on the verdict. It can also mean to form an opinion about someone or something.
Example Comparison
The lawyer will محاکمه کردن the suspect. (وکیل مظنون را محاکمه خواهد کرد.) The judge will قضاوت کردن based on the evidence. (قاضی بر اساس شواهد قضاوت خواهد کرد.)
بررسی کردن (barresi kardan)
Meaning: To examine, to investigate. This is a broader term for looking into something. While a trial involves examination, 'بررسی کردن' can be used for investigations before a trial, or for examining any kind of information, not necessarily in a legal context.
Example Comparison
The police will بررسی کردن the crime scene. (پلیس صحنه جرم را بررسی خواهد کرد.) The court will محاکمه کردن the suspect. (دادگاه مظنون را محاکمه خواهد کرد.)
محاکمه (mohākameh) - Noun
Meaning: Trial, judgment. This is the noun form of the verb. It refers to the entire process or the outcome of the trial.
Example Comparison
The lawyer is preparing to محاکمه کردن the case. (وکیل در حال آماده شدن برای محاکمه کردن پرونده است.) The محاکمه of the politician will be televised. (محاکمه آن سیاستمدار از تلویزیون پخش خواهد شد.)
پذیرش (pazirash) - Noun
Meaning: Acceptance (of guilt). This is related to the outcome of a trial, specifically when someone admits guilt.
Example Comparison
The court will محاکمه کردن him. (دادگاه او را محاکمه خواهد کرد.) He chose to accept responsibility and پذیرش guilt. (او تصمیم گرفت مسئولیت را بپذیرد و پذیرش گناه کند.)
دادگاهی کردن (dādgāhi kardan)
Meaning: To bring to court, to prosecute. This phrase is very close in meaning and often used interchangeably or as a precursor to 'محاکمه کردن'. It emphasizes the act of initiating legal proceedings.
Example Comparison
The prosecutor decided to دادگاهی کردن the suspects. (دادستان تصمیم گرفت مظنونان را دادگاهی کند.) After being brought to court, they will be محاکمه کردن. (پس از دادگاهی شدن، آنها محاکمه خواهند شد.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The root ح-ك-م (ḥ-k-m) is also the source of words like 'حکیم' (hakim - wise person, doctor) and 'حکومت' (hokumat - government), highlighting the interconnectedness of judgment, wisdom, and governance in ancient Semitic languages.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /mo.hɒː.ke.me.kær.dæn/
US /mo.hɑː.ke.me.kɑr.dæn/
The primary stress in 'محاکمه کردن' falls on the second syllable of 'محاکمه' (hā) and the first syllable of 'کردن' (kar).
Rhymes With
کار کردن (kār kardan) یاد کردن (yād kardan) بار کردن (bār kardan) دار کردن (dār kardan) زار کردن (zār kardan) نار کردن (nār kardan) باران کردن (bārān kardan) پیمان کردن (peymān kardan)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing 'ح' (h) as 'خ' (kh) or 'ق' (q).
  • Not clearly articulating the long vowels 'آ' (ā).
  • Merging syllables instead of pronouncing them distinctly.
  • Incorrect stress placement, leading to unnatural rhythm.
  • Mispronouncing the final 'ن' (n) sound.
  • Confusing the verb 'کردن' (kardan) with other verbs.
  • Not emphasizing the formal nature of the word through clear articulation.
  • Omitting the 'ه' (eh) sound in 'محاکمه'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 4/5

At the B1 CEFR level, reading texts containing 'محاکمه کردن' might include news articles about legal cases, simplified legal documents, or discussions about justice. Understanding these requires familiarity with legal terminology and sentence structures common in formal contexts.

Writing 4/5

Writing sentences with 'محاکمه کردن' requires accurate conjugation and understanding of formal sentence structures, including object markers and passive voice, which can be challenging for B1 learners.

Speaking 4/5

Using 'محاکمه کردن' in spoken Persian necessitates confidence in pronunciation, accurate grammatical application, and appropriate contextual awareness, typically achieved at the B1/B2 level.

Listening 4/5

Listening comprehension of 'محاکمه کردن' is dependent on the speed and clarity of the speaker, as well as the complexity of the surrounding legal discourse, often encountered in news broadcasts or formal discussions.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

دادگاه (court) قاضی (judge) قانون (law) جرم (crime) متهم (accused) وکیل (lawyer) مدرک (evidence)

Learn Next

تبرئه کردن (to acquit) محکوم کردن (to sentence) شواهد (evidence) هیئت منصفه (jury) قضاوت (judgment)

Advanced

دادرسی (legal proceedings) کیفرخواست (indictment) استیناف (appeal) حقوق بین‌الملل (international law) جنایت جنگی (war crime)

Grammar to Know

Using the object marker 'را' (rā) with direct objects.

دادستان 'متهم را' محاکمه کرد.

Forming the passive voice with '-شدن' (-shodan) or '-گردیدن' (-gerdidan).

متهم 'محاکمه شد'.

Using the subjunctive mood after verbs of intention or desire (e.g., 'تصمیم گرفت', 'قصد دارد').

او تصمیم گرفت که 'محاکمه کند'.

Forming the future tense with 'خواهم'/'خواهی'/'خواهد' + 'کرد'.

آنها 'محاکمه خواهند کرد'.

Using gerunds as subjects or objects.

'محاکمه کردن' افراد بی گناه اشتباه است.

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Examples by Level

1

دادستان تصمیم گرفت که متهم را در دادگاه عالی محاکمه کند.

The prosecutor decided to try the defendant in the high court.

This sentence uses the past tense of 'محاکمه کردن' (محاکمه کند - mohākameh konad, used here as a subjunctive after 'تصمیم گرفت'). The object 'متهم' (defendant) is followed by the object marker 'را' (rā).

2

آنها امیدوار بودند که محاکمه عادلانه باشد.

They hoped that the trial would be fair.

Here, 'محاکمه' (mohākameh) is used as a noun (trial). The verb 'باشد' (bāshad - would be) is in the subjunctive mood.

3

اگر شواهد کافی باشد، او را محاکمه خواهند کرد.

If there is enough evidence, they will try him.

This is a conditional sentence. 'محاکمه خواهند کرد' (mohākameh khāhand kard) is the future tense, third person plural.

4

محاکمه این پرونده پیچیده است و زمان زیادی می‌برد.

The trial of this case is complex and takes a lot of time.

Again, 'محاکمه' is used as a noun. 'پیچیده است' (pichideh ast) means 'is complex'.

5

وکیل مدافع تلاش کرد تا موکلش را از اتهامات تبرئه کند، اما دادگاه او را محاکمه کرد.

The defense lawyer tried to acquit his client of the charges, but the court tried him.

This sentence contrasts the lawyer's goal ('تبرئه کند' - tabri'eh konad, to acquit) with the court's action ('محاکمه کرد' - mohākameh kard, tried). 'موکلش' (movaqqalash) means 'his client'.

6

رسانه‌ها به شدت این محاکمه را پوشش دادند.

The media covered this trial extensively.

'پوشش دادند' (pooshesh dādand) means 'covered'. 'محاکمه' is the noun.

7

آیا او آماده است تا توسط دادگاه محاکمه شود؟

Is he ready to be tried by the court?

This uses the passive subjunctive form 'محاکمه شود' (mohākameh shavad - to be tried).

8

فساد مالی باعث شد که او مجبور شود محاکمه شود.

Financial corruption caused him to be forced to be tried.

Another passive construction. 'مجبور شود' (majboor shavad) means 'to be forced'.

1

پس از سال‌ها تحقیق، سرانجام پرونده برای محاکمه به دادگاه ارجاع داده شد.

After years of investigation, the case was finally referred to court for trial.

Passive voice 'ارجاع داده شد' (erjā' dādeh shod - was referred). 'محاکمه' is the noun here, indicating the purpose.

2

وکلای مدافع استدلال کردند که موکلشان نباید به دلیل فقدان شواهد کافی محاکمه شود.

The defense lawyers argued that their client should not be tried due to a lack of sufficient evidence.

Subjunctive passive 'محاکمه شود' (mohākameh shavad). 'فقدان' (faqdān) means 'lack'.

3

این محاکمه به دلیل ماهیت حساس پرونده به صورت غیرعلنی برگزار خواهد شد.

This trial will be held in camera due to the sensitive nature of the case.

'غیرعلنی' (gheyr-e 'alani) means 'in camera' or 'closed session'. 'برگزار خواهد شد' (bargozār khāhad shod) is future passive.

4

حقوقدانان معتقدند که محاکمه کردن افراد بدون مدرک کافی نقض آشکار عدالت است.

Legal scholars believe that trying individuals without sufficient proof is a clear violation of justice.

'محاکمه کردن' is used as a gerund phrase here, acting as the subject of the sentence. 'نقض آشکار' (naqz-e āshkār) means 'clear violation'.

5

رسانه‌های بین‌المللی به دقت روند محاکمه را زیر نظر داشتند.

International media closely monitored the trial process.

'زیر نظر داشتند' (zir-e nazar dāshtand) means 'monitored' or 'kept under observation'.

6

آیا دولت قصد دارد رهبران مخالف را به اتهامات سیاسی محاکمه کند؟

Does the government intend to try opposition leaders on political charges?

Direct question using 'قصد دارد' (qasd dārad - intends to). 'محاکمه کند' is subjunctive.

7

اگر شواهد کافی برای محاکمه وجود نداشته باشد، پرونده مختومه اعلام می‌شود.

If there is insufficient evidence for a trial, the case will be declared closed.

'مختومه اعلام می‌شود' (mokhtoumeh e'lām mishavad) means 'will be declared closed'.

8

این محاکمه می‌تواند پیامدهای گسترده‌ای برای روابط بین‌المللی داشته باشد.

This trial could have far-reaching consequences for international relations.

'پیامدهای گسترده‌ای' (payāmad-hā-ye gostardeh-i) means 'far-reaching consequences'.

1

دادگاه عالی در مورد صلاحیت خود برای محاکمه این پرونده بین‌المللی تصمیم‌گیری خواهد کرد.

The Supreme Court will rule on its jurisdiction to try this international case.

'صلاحیت' (salāhiyat) means 'jurisdiction'. 'تصمیم‌گیری خواهد کرد' (tasmim-giri khāhad kard) is future tense.

2

استدلال مدافعان مبنی بر اینکه موکلشان قربانی توطئه‌ای سیاسی بوده، در روند محاکمه تاثیرگذار بود.

The defense's argument that their client was a victim of a political conspiracy was influential in the trial process.

'مبنی بر اینکه' (mabni bar inkeh) means 'to the effect that'. 'توطئه' (towte'eh) means 'conspiracy'.

3

محاکمه کردن رهبران یک رژیم سرکوبگر، چالش‌های حقوقی و اخلاقی قابل توجهی را به همراه دارد.

Trying the leaders of an oppressive regime presents significant legal and ethical challenges.

'محاکمه کردن' as a gerund subject. 'رژیم سرکوبگر' (rezhim-e sarkubgar) means 'oppressive regime'. 'چالش‌های حقوقی و اخلاقی' (chālesh-hā-ye hoqouqi va akhlāqi) means 'legal and ethical challenges'.

4

دیوان بین‌المللی کیفری، اختیارات گسترده‌ای برای محاکمه جنایات جنگی دارد.

The International Criminal Court has broad powers to try war crimes.

'دیوان بین‌المللی کیفری' (Divān-e Beynolmelali Kifari) is the International Criminal Court. 'اختیارات گسترده‌ای' (ekhtiyārāt-e gostardeh-i) means 'broad powers'.

5

فرآیند محاکمه باید شفاف و عاری از هرگونه جانبداری باشد تا اعتماد عمومی حفظ شود.

The trial process must be transparent and free from any bias to maintain public trust.

'شفاف' (shaffāf) means 'transparent'. 'عاری از هرگونه جانبداری' ('āri az har-gooneh jānbdāri) means 'free from any bias'. 'اعتماد عمومی' (e'temād-e omoumi) means 'public trust'.

6

برخی معتقدند که محاکمه غیابی، اصول اولیه دادرسی عادلانه را نقض می‌کند.

Some argue that trying someone in absentia violates the basic principles of a fair trial.

'محاکمه غیابی' (mohākameh-ye gheybābi) means 'trial in absentia'. 'اصول اولیه دادرسی عادلانه' (osoul-e avvalieh-ye dādarasi-ye ādelāneh) means 'basic principles of fair trial'.

7

پیچیدگی‌های حقوق بین‌الملل، گاهی اوقات فرآیند محاکمه پرونده‌های فراملی را دشوار می‌سازد.

The complexities of international law sometimes make the process of trying transnational cases difficult.

'پیچیدگی‌های حقوق بین‌الملل' (pichidegi-hā-ye hoqouq-e beynolmelal) means 'complexities of international law'. 'فراملی' (farāmelli) means 'transnational'.

8

هدف اصلی از محاکمه کردن، احقاق حق و برقراری عدالت است.

The main goal of conducting a trial is to establish justice and uphold rights.

'احقاق حق' (ehqāq-e haqq) means 'to establish rights' or 'to seek justice'. 'برقراری عدالت' (barqarāri-ye 'adālat) means 'establishing justice'.

1

موافقان معتقدند که محاکمه علنی، لازمه شفافیت در نظام قضایی و بازدارنده جرایم است.

Proponents believe that public trials are a prerequisite for transparency in the judicial system and a deterrent to crime.

'موافقان' (movāfeghān) means 'proponents'. 'لازمه' (lāzemeh) means 'prerequisite'. 'بازدارنده' (bāzdārandeh) means 'deterrent'.

2

با توجه به ماهیت پیچیده جرایم سازمان‌یافته، محاکمه کردن اعضای این گروه‌ها نیازمند تخصص و منابع فراوانی است.

Given the complex nature of organized crimes, trying members of these groups requires specialized expertise and considerable resources.

'جرایم سازمان‌یافته' (jarāyem-e sāzmān-yāfteh) means 'organized crimes'. 'تخصص' (takhasos) means 'expertise'.

3

این پرونده به دلیل ظرافت‌های حقوقی و بین‌المللی، مستلزم رویکردی چندوجهی در فرآیند محاکمه خواهد بود.

This case, due to its legal and international subtleties, will necessitate a multifaceted approach in the trial process.

'ظرافت‌های حقوقی و بین‌المللی' (zerāfat-hā-ye hoqouqi va beynolmelali) means 'legal and international subtleties'. 'چندوجهی' (chand-vajhi) means 'multifaceted'.

4

نقض احتمالی کنوانسیون‌های حقوق بشری، می‌تواند منجر به محاکمه مسئولین در دادگاه‌های بین‌المللی شود.

Potential violation of human rights conventions could lead to the trial of responsible parties in international courts.

'کنوانسیون‌های حقوق بشری' (konvānsiyon-hā-ye hoqouq-e bashari) means 'human rights conventions'. 'مسئولین' (mas'oolin) means 'responsible parties'.

5

فرآیند استرداد مجرمان، اغلب مقدمه‌ای بر محاکمه کردن آنها در کشور مبدأ است.

The process of extraditing criminals is often a prelude to their trial in the country of origin.

'استرداد مجرمان' (esterdād-e mojremān) means 'extradition of criminals'. 'مقدمه‌ای بر' (moghaddameh-i bar) means 'a prelude to'.

6

مقامات قضایی در تلاشند تا با برگزاری محاکمات عادلانه، از تکرار بی‌عدالتی‌های گذشته جلوگیری کنند.

Judicial authorities strive to prevent the recurrence of past injustices by conducting fair trials.

'مقامات قضایی' (moghāmāt-e qazāyi) means 'judicial authorities'. 'تکرار بی‌عدالتی‌های گذشته' (tekraar-e bi-'adālat-hā-ye gozashteh) means 'recurrence of past injustices'.

7

تحلیل تطبیقی نظام‌های حقوقی نشان می‌دهد که رویکردها به محاکمه کردن جرایم سایبری در حال تکامل است.

A comparative analysis of legal systems reveals that approaches to trying cybercrimes are evolving.

'تحلیل تطبیقی' (tahlil-e tatbiqi) means 'comparative analysis'. 'جرایم سایبری' (jarāyem-e sāyebari) means 'cybercrimes'.

8

مسئله مشروعیت محاکمه رهبران خارجی در دادگاه‌های داخلی همچنان موضوعی بحث‌برانگیز است.

The issue of the legitimacy of trying foreign leaders in domestic courts remains a contentious topic.

'مشروعیت' (mashrou'iyat) means 'legitimacy'. 'بحث‌برانگیز' (bahs-bar-angiz) means 'contentious' or 'controversial'.

Common Collocations

محاکمه عادلانه
محاکمه علنی
محاکمه غیابی
محاکمه سیاسی
محاکمه صحرایی
محاکمه قاتل
محاکمه متهم
محاکمه یک پرونده
محاکمه شرکت
محاکمه در دادگاه

Common Phrases

او را محاکمه کردند

— They tried him/her.

پس از دستگیری، آنها او را محاکمه کردند.

پرونده برای محاکمه آماده است

— The case is ready for trial.

وکیل اعلام کرد که پرونده برای محاکمه آماده است.

محاکمه علنی برگزار شد

— A public trial was held.

محاکمه علنی برگزار شد تا همه از جزئیات مطلع شوند.

حق محاکمه عادلانه

— The right to a fair trial.

همه شهروندان حق محاکمه عادلانه دارند.

محاکمه به اتهام فساد

— Trial on charges of corruption.

او به اتهام فساد مالی محاکمه شد.

محاکمه در جریان است

— The trial is ongoing.

دادگاه اعلام کرد که محاکمه در جریان است.

محاکمه را به تعویق انداختن

— To postpone the trial.

قاضی به دلیل نبود شاهد، محاکمه را به تعویق انداخت.

محاکمه کردن یک کشور

— To try a country (often metaphorically or in international law).

سازمان ملل تلاش کرد تا این کشور را به دلیل نقض حقوق بشر محاکمه کند.

شروع محاکمه

— The start of the trial.

شروع محاکمه با حضور هیئت منصفه اعلام شد.

پایان محاکمه

— The end of the trial.

پس از چند هفته، پایان محاکمه اعلام شد.

Often Confused With

محاکمه کردن vs قضاوت کردن

'قضاوت کردن' means 'to judge' or 'to pass judgment'. It is often the act performed by a judge after the trial ('محاکمه کردن') is complete. 'محاکمه کردن' is the process of the trial itself.

محاکمه کردن vs بررسی کردن

'بررسی کردن' means 'to examine' or 'to investigate'. This can be part of a trial, but it's a broader term not specific to the legal process of trying someone.

محاکمه کردن vs محکوم کردن

'محکوم کردن' means 'to sentence' or 'to condemn'. This is typically the outcome of a trial where guilt has been established, not the trial process itself.

Idioms & Expressions

"دادگاه عدل الهی"

— Divine judgment; a trial in the afterlife. This is a metaphorical or religious idiom, not a literal legal term.

او معتقد بود که در این دنیا محاکمه نشد، اما در دادگاه عدل الهی پاسخگو خواهد بود.

Religious, Figurative
"محاکمه در اذهان عمومی"

— Trial in the court of public opinion. This refers to public judgment or condemnation before any formal legal process.

قبل از اینکه پرونده به دادگاه برسد، او در اذهان عمومی محاکمه شده بود.

Figurative, Media
"محاکمه با چوبه دار"

— A summary execution or a trial without due process, often implying a swift and unfair judgment.

در دوران قدیم، گاهی افراد بدون محاکمه با چوبه دار روبرو می‌شدند.

Historical, Figurative
"محاکمه در سکوت"

— A trial held in secret or without proper proceedings, often implying injustice.

گزارش‌ها حاکی از آن بود که زندانیان در محاکمه در سکوت محکوم شده‌اند.

Figurative, Political
"محاکمه در برابر تاریخ"

— A reckoning with history; being judged by future generations for one's actions.

او می‌دانست که در نهایت در برابر تاریخ محاکمه خواهد شد.

Figurative, Philosophical
"محاکمه با شکنجه"

— A trial conducted under duress or torture, implying coercion and lack of genuine testimony.

دادگاه اعترافات گرفته شده در محاکمه با شکنجه را معتبر ندانست.

Figurative, Human Rights
"محاکمه در تالار آینه"

— A distorted or biased trial, where reality is not accurately reflected.

آن محاکمه بیشتر شبیه تالار آینه بود تا یک دادگاه واقعی.

Figurative, Literary
"محاکمه وجدان"

— A trial of one's conscience; internal moral judgment.

او شب‌ها در محاکمه وجدان خود آرامش نداشت.

Figurative, Psychological
"محاکمه در غیاب"

— Trial in absentia (literal meaning, but can be used idiomatically to refer to being judged or condemned even when not physically present).

حتی در غیاب او، جامعه او را در محاکمه غیابی محکوم کرد.

Figurative, Legal
"محاکمه با طناب"

— Similar to 'محاکمه با چوبه دار', implying a swift, unfair, and often violent judgment.

این اقدام شبیه محاکمه با طناب بود و هیچ فرصتی برای دفاع باقی نگذاشت.

Historical, Figurative

Easily Confused

محاکمه کردن vs محاکمه (noun)

It's the noun form of the verb 'محاکمه کردن'.

'محاکمه کردن' is the action of conducting a trial. 'محاکمه' is the trial itself, the event or process.

دادگاه 'محاکمه' را آغاز کرد. (The court began the 'trial'.) They will 'محاکمه کردن' the accused. (آنها متهم را 'محاکمه خواهند کرد'.)

محاکمه کردن vs دادگاهی کردن

Both relate to legal proceedings and bringing someone before the law.

'دادگاهی کردن' means 'to bring to court' or 'to prosecute', often initiating the legal process. 'محاکمه کردن' is the actual act of conducting the trial.

دادستان تصمیم گرفت که مظنونان را 'دادگاهی کند'. (The prosecutor decided to 'prosecute' the suspects.) سپس آنها در دادگاه 'محاکمه خواهند شد'. (Then they will 'be tried' in court.)

محاکمه کردن vs قاضی (judge)

The judge is central to the process of trying someone.

'قاضی' is the person who presides over the trial. 'محاکمه کردن' is the action performed in the court, often by the judge and jury.

'قاضی' حکم را صادر کرد. (The 'judge' issued the verdict.) دادگاه 'محاکمه کردن' متهم را آغاز کرد. (The court began 'trying' the defendant.)

محاکمه کردن vs حکم (verdict/order)

The verdict is the outcome of a trial.

'حکم' is the decision or judgment made at the end of a trial. 'محاکمه کردن' is the entire process leading up to that decision.

دادگاه 'حکم' را اعلام کرد. (The court announced the 'verdict'.) آنها 'محاکمه کردن' را با دقت دنبال کردند. (They followed the 'trying' process carefully.)

محاکمه کردن vs تبرئه کردن (to acquit)

This is the direct opposite outcome of a successful trial where guilt is proven.

'محاکمه کردن' is the process of trying someone. 'تبرئه کردن' is finding someone not guilty at the end of that process.

وکیل تلاش کرد تا موکلش را 'تبرئه کند'. (The lawyer tried to 'acquit' his client.) اما دادگاه او را 'محاکمه کرد'. (But the court 'tried' him.)

Sentence Patterns

B1

Subject + Object + را (rā) + Verb

دادگاه او را محاکمه کرد.

B1

Subject + Verb (passive)

متهم محاکمه شد.

B1

Conditional: اگر + Clause + ، + Subject + Verb

اگر شواهد کافی باشد، او را محاکمه خواهند کرد.

B2

Subject + قصد دارد + که + Verb

دولت قصد دارد رهبران مخالف را محاکمه کند.

B2

Gerund as Subject: Verb-ing + ...

محاکمه کردن افراد بی گناه اشتباه است.

B2

Passive Subjunctive: Subject + ... + شود/گردد

او باید محاکمه شود.

C1

Subject + Verb + به دلیل + Noun Phrase

آنها به دلیل نقض قوانین محاکمه شدند.

C1

Noun Phrase + Verb (passive) + در + Location

پرونده در دادگاه عالی محاکمه گردید.

Word Family

Nouns

محاکمه (mohākameh) - trial, judgment
حاکم (hākem) - ruler, judge
حکم (hokm) - verdict, judgment, order

Verbs

محاکمه کردن (mohākameh kardan) - to try
حاکم بودن (hākem budan) - to be a judge/ruler
حکم دادن (hokm dādan) - to give a verdict

Adjectives

حاکمانه (hākemāneh) - dictatorial, authoritative
محاکمه‌ای (mohākameh-i) - related to a trial

Related

دادگاه (dādgāh) - court
قاضی (qāzi) - judge
متهم (mottaham) - accused, defendant
وکیل (vakil) - lawyer
دادستان (dādsestān) - prosecutor
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How to Use It

frequency

Medium-High in legal and news contexts.

Common Mistakes
  • Using 'محاکمه کردن' in casual conversation. → Use simpler terms like 'بحث کردن' (to argue) or 'ناراحت بودن' (to be upset) for everyday disagreements.

    'محاکمه کردن' is a formal legal term. Using it inappropriately makes your Persian sound unnatural and overly dramatic.

  • Incorrect conjugation, especially in passive voice. → Correct passive: 'متهم محاکمه شد.' Incorrect: 'متهم محاکمه کرد.'

    Learners often confuse active and passive structures. Remember that 'محاکمه شد' means 'was tried'.

  • Confusing 'محاکمه کردن' (to try) with 'قضاوت کردن' (to judge). → The court 'محاکمه کرد' (tried) the defendant, and then the judge 'قضاوت کرد' (judged) based on the evidence.

    'محاکمه کردن' is the process, 'قضاوت کردن' is the outcome or the act of deciding.

  • Omitting the object marker 'را' (rā) when it's needed. → قاضی 'متهم را' محاکمه کرد.

    When 'محاکمه کردن' has a direct object (the person being tried), 'را' is typically used after that object.

  • Mispronouncing the 'ح' sound. → Practice the guttural 'ح' sound, similar to the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch' but softer.

    Incorrect pronunciation can lead to confusion with other words. For example, 'محاکمه' vs. 'مخاطبه' (address).

Tips

Master the 'ح'

The Persian letter 'ح' (h) is often tricky for English speakers. It's a guttural sound made in the throat, similar to the 'h' in 'hello' but slightly more pronounced. Practice saying 'محاکمه' (mohākameh) while focusing on this sound to avoid confusing it with other letters like 'ه' (h) or 'خ' (kh).

Object Marker 'را'

When 'محاکمه کردن' is used with a direct object (the person or case being tried), remember to often use the object marker 'را' (rā) after the object. For example, 'They tried the suspect' is 'آنها متهم را محاکمه کردند'.

News is Your Friend

The best place to encounter and understand 'محاکمه کردن' is in Persian news reports about legal cases. Pay attention to how it's used in headlines and articles about trials.

Build Around the Core

Learn related words like 'دادگاه' (court), 'قاضی' (judge), 'متهم' (accused), and 'وکیل' (lawyer). This vocabulary cluster will make it easier to understand and use 'محاکمه کردن' effectively.

Formal Matters Only

Remember that 'محاکمه کردن' is a formal term. Avoid using it in casual conversation. Stick to legal contexts, news, and formal discussions to ensure correct usage.

Role-Play a Trial

Imagine you are a lawyer or a reporter. Try to describe a fictional trial using 'محاکمه کردن' and other legal terms. This active practice will solidify your understanding.

Passive Voice Practice

Practice forming the passive voice with 'محاکمه کردن' (e.g., 'متهم محاکمه شد' - The defendant was tried). This is a very common structure when discussing trials.

Sound Association

Associate the sound of 'محاکمه' with the sharp 'crack' of a gavel. This auditory cue can help you recall the word and its formal, decisive meaning.

Understand the Concept of Justice

Reflect on the cultural importance of justice ('عدالت') in Persian-speaking societies. This understanding will contextualize the significance of 'محاکمه کردن'.

Distinguish from Similar Terms

Actively differentiate 'محاکمه کردن' from 'قضاوت کردن' (to judge) and 'محکوم کردن' (to sentence). Understanding these distinctions is crucial for precise communication.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a 'Mohawk' Indian (Mohākameh) wearing a judge's robe and holding a gavel, about to 'conduct' (kardan) a trial. The visual of a Native American judge conducting a trial might stick.

Visual Association

Picture a courtroom scene with scales of justice. The scales are tilted heavily, and a judge is about to hit the gavel, signifying the start of a 'محاکمه کردن'.

Word Web

محاکمه کردن دادگاه (Court) قاضی (Judge) متهم (Accused) وکیل (Lawyer) حکم (Verdict) جرم (Crime) عدالت (Justice)

Challenge

Try to describe a fictional crime and its subsequent trial in Persian using 'محاکمه کردن' and related terms. Focus on the process from accusation to verdict.

Word Origin

The word 'محاکمه' (mohākameh) comes from the Arabic root ح-ك-م (ḥ-k-m), which relates to judgment, ruling, and wisdom. The verb 'کردن' (kardan) is a common Persian verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make', often used to form compound verbs.

Original meaning: The root ح-ك-م (ḥ-k-m) signifies 'to judge', 'to rule', 'to govern', 'to decide'. 'محاکمه' specifically implies the act of seeking judgment or a legal proceeding to establish a judgment.

Indo-European (Persian branch), with significant Arabic influence.

Cultural Context

The term 'محاکمه کردن' is sensitive as it pertains to legal proceedings that can have life-altering consequences for individuals. Discussions about trials, especially those involving serious crimes or political matters, should be approached with respect for the legal process and the individuals involved.

In English-speaking cultures, 'to try' or 'to conduct a trial' are the direct equivalents. The concepts of justice, fairness, and legal proceedings are universal, though specific legal systems may differ.

The trial of Socrates (though not in Persian, the concept of philosophical judgment is relevant). The Nuremberg trials (a significant international example of trying war criminals). Modern political trials frequently reported in global news. Fictional courtroom dramas popular worldwide.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Reporting on a criminal trial.

  • دادستان اعلام کرد که قصد دارد متهم را محاکمه کند.
  • محاکمه به دلیل نبود شواهد کافی به تعویق افتاد.
  • رسانه‌ها به شدت این محاکمه را پوشش دادند.

Discussing political accountability.

  • مردم خواستار محاکمه مقامات فاسد هستند.
  • این محاکمه می‌تواند پیامدهای سیاسی داشته باشد.
  • آیا او به دلیل اقداماتش محاکمه خواهد شد؟

Legal dramas or films.

  • وکیل مدافع تلاش می‌کند تا موکلش را تبرئه کند، اما دادگاه او را محاکمه خواهد کرد.
  • این محاکمه بسیار پیچیده و حساس است.
  • قاضی حکم نهایی را صادر کرد.

Debating justice and fairness.

  • هر فردی حق دارد که محاکمه عادلانه ای داشته باشد.
  • محاکمه علنی برای حفظ شفافیت ضروری است.
  • آیا این محاکمه واقعاً عادلانه بود؟

International law and human rights.

  • دیوان بین‌المللی آماده است تا جنایات جنگی را محاکمه کند.
  • محاکمه غیابی در برخی موارد مجاز است.
  • این پرونده می‌تواند الگویی برای محاکمه‌های آینده باشد.

Conversation Starters

"آیا اخیراً گزارشی درباره یک دادگاه شنیده‌اید؟"

"به نظر شما، مهم‌ترین اصل در محاکمه چیست؟"

"اگر شاهد یک جرم بودید، چه کاری انجام می‌دادید؟"

"در مورد پرونده‌های مهمی که در اخبار دیده‌اید، چه فکری می‌کنید؟"

"چقدر با سیستم قضایی آشنا هستید؟"

Journal Prompts

درباره تجربه‌ای بنویسید که در آن شاهد یک فرآیند قانونی بوده‌اید.

یک سناریوی دادگاهی خیالی طراحی کنید و شرح دهید که چگونه متهم محاکمه می‌شود.

تفاوت بین محاکمه عادلانه و ناعادلانه را از نظر خودتان توضیح دهید.

نقش رسانه‌ها در پوشش دادن دادگاه‌ها را چگونه ارزیابی می‌کنید؟

در مورد اهمیت شفافیت در سیستم قضایی بنویسید.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

'محاکمه کردن' (mohākameh kardan) refers to the entire legal process of conducting a trial, where evidence is presented and arguments are made. 'قضاوت کردن' (qazāvat kardan) means 'to judge' or 'to pass judgment', which is typically the final decision made by the judge or jury after the trial has concluded. So, you 'محاکمه کردن' someone to then 'قضاوت کردن' their guilt or innocence.

Yes, 'محاکمه کردن' can be used for both criminal and civil cases. While it's very common in criminal contexts (trying someone for a crime), it also applies to civil lawsuits where a dispute between parties is formally examined in court to reach a legal decision.

No, 'محاکمه کردن' is a formal term and is not commonly used in casual, everyday conversations unless people are specifically discussing legal matters, news reports about trials, or perhaps using it metaphorically for a very serious critique. You'll hear it much more in news, legal dramas, or formal discussions.

The noun form is 'محاکمه' (mohākameh), which means 'trial' or 'judgment'. For example, 'The trial was long' would be 'محاکمه طولانی بود' (mohākameh tulāni bud).

A typical 'محاکمه کردن' involves a judge (قاضی), lawyers (وکیل) for both prosecution and defense, evidence (شواهد), witnesses (شهود), and potentially a jury (هیئت منصفه). The goal is to determine guilt or innocence based on the law and presented facts.

Certainly. The passive voice indicates that someone or something is being tried. For example, 'The defendant was tried' translates to 'متهم محاکمه شد' (mottaham mohākameh shod). Or, 'The case will be tried' is 'پرونده محاکمه خواهد شد' (parvandeh mohākameh khāhad shod).

'محاکمه غیابی' (mohākameh-ye gheybābi) refers to a trial in absentia, meaning the trial takes place even though the accused person is not present in court. This is a specific legal procedure that has its own rules and conditions.

The most direct and accurate way to say 'to conduct a trial' in Persian is 'محاکمه کردن' (mohākameh kardan).

For B1 learners, it's a moderately challenging word. It's formal and specific to the legal domain. Learning its context, related vocabulary (like 'دادگاه', 'قاضی', 'متهم'), and grammatical patterns is key to mastering it.

Understanding terms like 'دادگاه' (court), 'قاضی' (judge), 'وکیل' (lawyer), 'متهم' (accused), 'جرم' (crime), 'حکم' (verdict), and 'عدالت' (justice) will significantly help in grasping the context and usage of 'محاکمه کردن'.

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