A1 Possessives 1 min read かんたん

Possessive Suffix -nya

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The suffix '-nya' turns a noun into 'his', 'her', 'its', or 'their' thing by attaching it directly to the end.

  • Attach -nya directly to the noun: 'Buku' (book) becomes 'Bukunya' (his/her/its book).
  • It replaces the need for separate pronouns like 'dia' or 'mereka' in many contexts.
  • It can also function as a definite article, meaning 'the' specific object.
Noun + nya = Possessive Noun (e.g., Kucing + nya = Kucingnya)

Possessive Suffix Construction

Root Noun Suffix Result Meaning
Buku
-nya
Bukunya
His/her book
Mobil
-nya
Mobilnya
His/her car
Rumah
-nya
Rumahnya
His/her house
Kucing
-nya
Kucingnya
His/her cat
Nama
-nya
Namanya
His/her name
Ibu
-nya
Ibunya
His/her mother

Meanings

The suffix '-nya' is an enclitic used to indicate possession for third-person singular or plural subjects. It effectively translates to 'his', 'her', 'its', or 'their'.

1

Possession

Indicates ownership by a third party.

“Mobilnya baru.”

“Namanya Budi.”

2

Definiteness

Acts like the English 'the' to specify a previously mentioned noun.

“Saya beli buku. Bukunya mahal.”

“Mana kuncinya?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Possessive Suffix -nya
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun + nya
Bukunya
Negative
Bukan + Noun + nya
Bukan bukunya
Question
Noun + nya + kah?
Bukunya?
Definite
Noun + nya
Mana bukunya?
Plural
Noun + nya
Rumah-rumah mereka (or Rumahnya)
Nominalized
Adjective + nya
Cepatnya

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Rumah beliau sangat besar.

Rumah beliau sangat besar. (Describing a house)

ニュートラル
Rumahnya besar.

Rumahnya besar. (Describing a house)

カジュアル
Rumahnya gede banget.

Rumahnya gede banget. (Describing a house)

スラング
Rumahnya gokil.

Rumahnya gokil. (Describing a house)

Functions of -nya

-nya

Possession

  • Bukunya His book

Definiteness

  • Kucingnya The cat

Nominalization

  • Cepatnya The speed

レベル別の例文

1

Ini bukunya.

This is his/her book.

2

Mana kucingnya?

Where is the/his cat?

3

Rumahnya besar.

His/her house is big.

4

Namanya Budi.

His name is Budi.

1

Saya suka makanannya.

I like the food.

2

Mobilnya warna merah.

The car is red.

3

Anaknya sedang sekolah.

His/her child is at school.

4

Harganya mahal sekali.

The price is very expensive.

1

Keputusannya sudah bulat.

His/her decision is final.

2

Kecepatannya luar biasa.

Its speed is extraordinary.

3

Masalahnya bukan itu.

The problem is not that.

4

Tujuannya sangat jelas.

The goal is very clear.

1

Kehadirannya sangat dinantikan.

His/her presence is highly anticipated.

2

Kualitasnya tidak diragukan lagi.

Its quality is unquestionable.

3

Penyelesaiannya memakan waktu.

The resolution takes time.

4

Keberhasilannya berkat kerja keras.

His/her success is due to hard work.

1

Ketidakpastiannya membuat kami cemas.

Its uncertainty makes us anxious.

2

Keterlibatannya dalam proyek ini krusial.

His/her involvement in this project is crucial.

3

Keindahan pemandangannya tak terlukiskan.

The beauty of the scenery is indescribable.

4

Kelebihannya terletak pada efisiensi.

Its advantage lies in efficiency.

1

Kesenjangannya mencerminkan realitas sosial.

The gap reflects social reality.

2

Ketergantungannya pada teknologi sangat tinggi.

His/her dependence on technology is very high.

3

Keberlanjutannya menjadi fokus utama.

Its sustainability is the main focus.

4

Kewenangannya dibatasi oleh aturan.

His/her authority is limited by rules.

間違えやすい

Possessive Suffix -nya 対 Dia vs -nya

Learners think they are interchangeable.

Possessive Suffix -nya 対 -nya vs -ku

Learners mix up third-person and first-person.

Possessive Suffix -nya 対 -nya vs -mu

Learners mix up third-person and second-person.

よくある間違い

✗

Buku nya

✓

Bukunya

Never add a space before the suffix.
✗

Bukunyaku

✓

Buku saya

Do not combine -nya with personal pronouns.
✗

Rumah dia

✓

Rumahnya

While 'Rumah dia' is understood, 'Rumahnya' is more natural.
✗

Nya buku

✓

Bukunya

The suffix must come after the noun.
✗

Mobilnya saya

✓

Mobil saya

You cannot use -nya if you specify the owner.
✗

Buku-nya

✓

Bukunya

No hyphen is needed.
✗

Dia bukunya

✓

Itu bukunya

Use 'itu' to point to the object.
✗

Makanannya enak-nya

✓

Makanannya enak

Do not double-suffix.
✗

Rumah mereka-nya

✓

Rumah mereka

If you use 'mereka', you don't need '-nya'.
✗

Cepatnya dia

✓

Kecepatannya

Use the noun form.
✗

Keterlibatannya dia

✓

Keterlibatannya

Redundant pronoun.
✗

Keberhasilannya mereka

✓

Keberhasilan mereka

Choose one or the other.
✗

Kewenangannya-nya

✓

Kewenangannya

Avoid double suffixing.

文型パターン

___-nya sangat bagus.

Mana ___-nya?

___-nya mahal sekali.

___-nya sudah selesai.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Otw, tunggu di rumahnya ya.

Food Delivery very common

Mana makanannya?

Job Interview common

Apa tanggung jawabnya?

Travel common

Di mana hotelnya?

Social Media very common

Keren banget fotonya!

Shopping very common

Berapa harganya?

💡

Don't overthink

If you are unsure, just add -nya. It is rarely wrong in context.
⚠️

No spaces

Always keep the suffix attached to the noun.
🎯

Definite article

Use -nya to refer to things you've already mentioned.
💬

Be natural

Locals use -nya constantly to keep sentences short.

Smart Tips

Use -nya to make it definite.

Saya beli buku. → Bukunya mahal.

Use -nya instead of 'dia'.

Mobil dia bagus. → Mobilnya bagus.

Drop the pronoun and use the suffix.

Nama dia Budi. → Namanya Budi.

Add -nya to the adjective.

Cepat itu penting. → Cepatnya itu penting.

発音

BU-ku-nya

Suffix stress

The stress remains on the root word, not the suffix.

Statement

Rumahnya besar. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

Rumahnya? ↗

Rising intonation for confirmation.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of '-nya' as a 'name tag' you stick onto an object to show who it belongs to.

視覚的連想

Imagine a cat with a sticky note on its back that says '-nya'. Every time you see that cat, you know it belongs to someone.

Rhyme

Add the nya to the end, it's your friend until the end.

Story

Budi has a book. He puts a sticker on it that says '-nya'. Now everyone knows it is 'Bukunya'. He does the same for his car, 'Mobilnya'.

Word Web

BukunyaMobilnyaRumahnyaNamanyaIbunyaKucingnya

チャレンジ

Look around your room and label 5 items using the -nya suffix in your head (e.g., 'Laptopnya', 'Mejanya').

文化メモ

In Jakarta, '-nya' is often used to emphasize a specific object in a very casual way.

In formal settings, '-nya' is used precisely to avoid ambiguity.

Some regions might use different particles, but '-nya' is universally understood.

The suffix -nya is derived from the Proto-Austronesian third-person possessive marker.

会話のきっかけ

“

Apa hobinya?

“

Di mana rumahnya?

“

Bagaimana kualitasnya?

“

Apa tujuannya?

日記のテーマ

Describe your best friend's house.
Write about a movie you saw recently.
Discuss a project you are working on.
Analyze a recent news event.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Test Yourself

Add -nya to the noun.

Buku ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Bukunya is the correct form.
Which is correct? 選択問題

___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
No spaces allowed.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Mobil nya merah.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Remove the space.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

besar / rumahnya / sangat

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct word order.
Match the meaning. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
-nya is third person.
Change to possessive. Sentence Transformation

Buku dia ->

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Use the suffix.
Is this true? True False Rule

-nya can be used for 'my'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
-nya is third person only.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Mana kunci? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Use -nya for definite objects.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Add -nya to the noun.

Buku ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Bukunya is the correct form.
Which is correct? 選択問題

___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
No spaces allowed.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Mobil nya merah.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Remove the space.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

besar / rumahnya / sangat

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct word order.
Match the meaning. Match Pairs

Bukunya

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
-nya is third person.
Change to possessive. Sentence Transformation

Buku dia ->

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Use the suffix.
Is this true? True False Rule

-nya can be used for 'my'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
-nya is third person only.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Mana kunci? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Use -nya for definite objects.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

No, use -ku for 'my'.

No, it works for he, she, and it.

Never add a space.

When the object is already known.

Yes, it works for plural too.

It is used in all registers.

Just attach it directly.

It makes speech efficient.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

su/sus

Indonesian is a suffix; Spanish is a separate word.

French low

son/sa/ses

Indonesian has no gender agreement.

German low

sein/ihr

Indonesian is gender-neutral.

Japanese moderate

no

Indonesian attaches to the noun; Japanese uses a particle.

Arabic high

Suffixes (-hu, -ha)

Arabic suffixes change based on gender and number.

Chinese moderate

de

Indonesian is a suffix; Chinese is a separate particle.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Possessive Pronouns
Next
Expressing Ownership

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Possessive Pronouns
A1

Expressing Ownership
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