At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to understand basic Japanese vocabulary. The word 志望 (shibou) might be a bit advanced for everyday simple conversations, but it is useful to recognize if you are filling out basic forms or talking about future goals. It means 'wish' or 'ambition', specifically when you want to enter a school or get a job. For example, if someone asks what university you want to go to, you can use this word. It is a formal word, so you will see it more on paper than hear it in casual chats with friends. Think of it as the formal way to say 'I want to go to this school' or 'I want this job'.
At the A2 level, learners can handle more specific topics like education and work. 志望 becomes more relevant here. You will learn that it is not just any wish, but a specific goal related to your career or studies. You might learn the phrase 第一志望 (dai-ichi shibou), which means 'first choice'. This is very common when talking about applying to high schools or universities. You will also start seeing it combined with the verb する (suru) to mean 'to aspire to'. It is important to remember that you should not use this word for simple desires, like wanting to eat sushi or go to the park.
At the B1 level, learners are comfortable with intermediate vocabulary and can express their thoughts more clearly. 志望 is an essential word for discussing your future plans in detail. You will encounter the term 志望動機 (shibou douki), which means 'reason for applying'. This is critical if you are practicing for job interviews or writing a resume in Japanese. You should be able to explain your 志望 clearly using appropriate polite language. At this stage, you also need to distinguish it from similar words like 希望 (kibou), understanding that 志望 is strictly for academic and professional goals, while 希望 is for general wishes.
At the B2 level, you are expected to navigate complex situations, including formal interviews and applications. 志望 is a core vocabulary word for these contexts. You should be able to use it naturally in compound nouns like 志望校 (shiboukou - school of choice) and 志望者 (shibousha - applicant). You should also be comfortable using it as a suru-verb in formal writing and speech. Your understanding of 志望 should include the cultural nuance that it represents a serious, considered commitment to a path, not just a casual interest. You can confidently articulate your 志望動機 in a professional setting.
At the C1 level, you have a near-fluent grasp of Japanese and can use vocabulary with precision. You understand the subtle connotations of 志望 and how it fits into the broader vocabulary of career and academic advancement. You can read news articles discussing trends in 志望 (e.g., shifts in popular university departments) and understand the societal implications. You use it flawlessly in formal correspondence and high-stakes interviews, demonstrating a deep understanding of Japanese professional etiquette. You can also contrast it effectively with words like 願望 (ganbou) and 野心 (yashin) depending on the exact nuance you wish to convey.
At the C2 level, your mastery of Japanese allows you to use 志望 with the same nuance and cultural understanding as a highly educated native speaker. You can engage in complex discussions about educational policy, labor market trends, and individual career trajectories, using 志望 and its related compounds naturally. You understand how the concept of 志望 reflects broader Japanese societal values regarding dedication, formal processes, and long-term planning. You can write persuasive essays or deliver formal presentations where your articulation of a 志望 (whether your own or in an abstract sense) is sophisticated, culturally resonant, and linguistically flawless.

志望 in 30 Seconds

  • Used for academic goals.
  • Used for career ambitions.
  • Formal tone, not for casual wishes.
  • Often paired with 'suru' as a verb.

The Japanese word 志望 (shibou) is an essential noun in the context of academic and professional advancement. It translates to a person's wish, desire, or ambition to enter a particular school, company, or profession. Unlike a general wish or hope, which might be expressed with words like 希望 (kibou) or 願い (negai), 志望 carries a specific connotation of a formalized, goal-oriented aspiration. It is the word you use when you are filling out an application form for a university, writing a cover letter for a job, or discussing your career trajectory with a counselor or mentor.

Academic Context
When applying to high schools or universities, students often list their first choice (第一志望 - dai-ichi shibou), second choice, and so on. This clearly indicates their order of preference for the institutions they wish to attend.
Professional Context
In job hunting (就職活動 - shuushoku katsudou), candidates must often state their reasons for applying to a specific company. This is known as the 志望動機 (shibou douki), which literally translates to 'motivation for one's ambition'. It is a crucial part of any resume and interview process.
General Ambition
While mostly used for schools and companies, it can also be used to express a strong desire to enter a particular profession, such as becoming a doctor, lawyer, or teacher. In these cases, it emphasizes a long-term goal rather than a fleeting whim.

Understanding the nuances of 志望 is vital for anyone looking to navigate the Japanese educational system or job market. It shows that you are serious about your goals and understand the formal language required in these settings.

東京大学を第一志望にしています。

I am making Tokyo University my first choice.

面接で志望動機を聞かれました。

I was asked my reason for applying during the interview.

医者を志望する学生が多いです。

There are many students who aspire to be doctors.

彼の志望は叶わなかった。

His ambition was not fulfilled.

進学志望の理由を書いてください。

Please write your reason for wanting to advance to higher education.

Using 志望 correctly involves understanding its grammatical function and the verbs it commonly pairs with. As a noun, it can be the subject or object of a sentence. It is frequently combined with the verb する (suru) to form a suru-verb (志望する - shibou suru), meaning 'to desire' or 'to aspire to'. This flexibility makes it a highly useful word in formal and semi-formal contexts.

As a Noun
When used as a standalone noun, it often modifies another noun using the particle の (no), such as in 志望の大学 (shibou no daigaku - the university of one's choice). It can also be the subject, as in 志望が変わった (shibou ga kawatta - my ambition changed).
As a Suru-Verb
By adding する, you create the verb 志望する. This is used when you want to express the action of aspiring to something. For example, 営業職を志望する (eigyoushoku o shibou suru - to aspire to a sales position). The object of the aspiration is marked by the particle を (o).
In Compound Nouns
志望 frequently forms compound nouns. Common examples include 志望校 (shiboukou - school of choice), 志望者 (shibousha - applicant/aspirant), and 第一志望 (dai-ichi shibou - first choice). These compounds are extremely common in written Japanese and formal speech.

When constructing sentences with 志望, pay attention to the level of formality. It is inherently a formal word, so it pairs best with polite verb forms (desu/masu) or formal written language (da/dearu). Avoid using it in highly casual conversations where a simpler word might suffice.

彼は文学部を志望している。

He is aspiring to enter the faculty of literature.

志望校に合格するために毎日勉強しています。

I study every day to pass the exam for my school of choice.

この会社を志望した理由は何ですか。

What is your reason for applying to this company?

多くの志望者が試験を受けました。

Many applicants took the exam.

私の第一志望は早稲田大学です。

My first choice is Waseda University.

You will encounter the word 志望 most frequently in specific contexts related to education and employment. It is not a word you will hear often in casual conversation with friends or family, unless the topic specifically turns to university applications or job hunting. Understanding the typical environments where 志望 is used helps in mastering its appropriate application and grasping the cultural significance of formal aspirations in Japan.

Schools and Universities
In educational settings, teachers and counselors frequently use this word when discussing students' futures. You will see it on forms, hear it in guidance counseling sessions (進路指導 - shinro shidou), and read it in university prospectuses. It is central to the process of transitioning from one educational tier to the next.
Job Interviews and Recruitment
The corporate world relies heavily on this term. Recruiters ask about it, candidates write about it, and employment agencies focus on it. The phrase 志望動機 (motivation for applying) is ubiquitous in this domain. It is a key element in assessing a candidate's fit and commitment to a company.
News and Media
News reports covering examination seasons or employment trends often utilize 志望. For example, reports might discuss the decreasing number of students whose first choice (第一志望) is a particular field of study, or trends in the industries that new graduates aspire (志望する) to enter.

Because of its association with significant life choices, 志望 carries a weight of seriousness. It reflects a considered decision and a commitment to a path. This is why it is so prevalent in formal settings where such decisions are evaluated and discussed.

進路相談で志望校について話し合った。

We discussed my school of choice during career counseling.

履歴書に志望動機を詳しく書きました。

I wrote my motivation for applying in detail on the resume.

ニュースで公務員志望の減少が報じられた。

The news reported a decrease in those aspiring to be civil servants.

大学のパンフレットには志望者向けのメッセージがある。

The university brochure has a message for applicants.

就職フェアで多くの企業が志望者を募っていた。

Many companies were recruiting applicants at the job fair.

While 志望 is a relatively straightforward word, learners often make mistakes by using it in inappropriate contexts or confusing it with similar words. A common error is using 志望 when a more general word for 'wish' or 'hope' would be better suited. Understanding the boundaries of its usage is key to sounding natural and proficient in Japanese.

Using 志望 for General Wishes
Do not use 志望 to express everyday desires, like wanting a new car or wishing for good weather. For example, saying 新しい車を志望する (I aspire to a new car) sounds unnatural and overly dramatic. Instead, use 欲しい (hoshii - want) or 希望する (kibou suru - hope/wish).
Confusing 志望 and 希望
While both translate to 'wish' or 'desire', 希望 (kibou) is broader and can be used for general hopes, requests, or expectations. 志望 (shibou) is strictly for academic or professional ambitions. You can have a 希望 (hope) for world peace, but not a 志望.
Incorrect Particle Usage
When using 志望する as a verb, ensure you use the correct particle. The object of your ambition should be marked with を (o), not に (ni) or が (ga). For example, 大学を志望する (aspire to university) is correct, while 大学に志望する is generally incorrect.

By avoiding these common pitfalls, you can ensure that your use of 志望 is accurate and contextually appropriate, demonstrating a solid grasp of Japanese vocabulary nuances.

❌ ケーキを志望します。
⭕ ケーキが欲しいです。

Do not use shibou for wanting food.

❌ 平和を志望します。
⭕ 平和を希望します。

Use kibou for general hopes like peace.

❌ 会社に志望します。
⭕ 会社を志望します。

Use the particle 'o' with the verb form.

❌ 休みを志望します。
⭕ 休みを希望します。

Requesting time off uses kibou, not shibou.

❌ 彼の志望はゲームをすることだ。
⭕ 彼の希望はゲームをすることだ。

Playing games is a desire, not an academic or professional ambition.

Several words in Japanese share similar meanings with 志望, but they each have distinct nuances and contexts where they are most appropriate. Understanding these subtle differences is crucial for selecting the right word and communicating effectively. The most common alternatives are 希望 (kibou), 願望 (ganbou), and 野心 (yashin).

希望 (Kibou) - Hope/Wish/Request
This is the most common synonym. While 志望 is restricted to academic or professional goals, 希望 can be used for almost anything you wish for, from good weather to a specific salary request. It is broader and less formal in its scope of application.
願望 (Ganbou) - Desire/Craving
This word carries a stronger sense of personal desire or craving, often with a psychological or emotional undertone. It is less about formal goals and more about strong internal wants. You might have a 願望 to travel the world, but not a 志望.
野心 (Yashin) - Ambition/Treachery
While often translated as 'ambition', 野心 can have a negative connotation, implying ruthless ambition or a desire for power. 志望 is a neutral or positive word focusing on the goal itself, whereas 野心 focuses on the drive, sometimes at the expense of others.

Choosing the right alternative depends heavily on the context. If you are discussing your career, 志望 is best. If you are expressing a general hope, 希望 is appropriate. If you are describing a deep-seated personal desire, 願望 might be the right choice.

平和な世界を希望します。

I hope for a peaceful world. (Using kibou)

強い結婚願望がある。

I have a strong desire to get married. (Using ganbou)

彼は政治的な野心を持っている。

He has political ambitions. (Using yashin)

給与の希望を教えてください。

Please tell me your salary expectations. (Using kibou)

海外留学の志望を固めた。

I firmed up my ambition to study abroad. (Using shibou)

Examples by Level

1

これが私の志望です。

This is my ambition.

Basic use as a noun with desu.

2

志望の学校はどこですか。

Where is your school of choice?

Using 'no' to link nouns.

3

大学を志望します。

I aspire to go to university.

Basic use as a suru-verb.

4

第一志望は東京です。

My first choice is Tokyo.

Introduction of 'dai-ichi shibou'.

5

志望を書きます。

I will write my ambition.

Using 'o' particle for the object.

6

どんな仕事を志望しますか。

What kind of job do you aspire to?

Question form with suru-verb.

7

志望はありません。

I have no ambitions.

Negative form.

8

それは良い志望ですね。

That is a good ambition.

Modifying with an adjective.

1

私は医者を志望しています。

I am aspiring to be a doctor.

Using te-iru form for ongoing state.

2

志望校を決めるのは難しいです。

Deciding on a school of choice is difficult.

Using compound noun shiboukou.

3

第一志望の大学に合格しました。

I passed the exam for my first-choice university.

Combining dai-ichi shibou with another noun.

4

志望の理由を教えてください。

Please tell me the reason for your ambition.

Polite request form.

5

兄はエンジニアを志望した。

My older brother aspired to be an engineer.

Past tense of the suru-verb.

6

志望者がたくさんいます。

There are many applicants.

Using compound noun shibousha.

7

まだ志望が決まっていません。

My ambition is not decided yet.

Intransitive verb usage with ga.

8

面接で志望動機を話します。

I will talk about my motivation in the interview.

Introduction of shibou douki.

1

履歴書に志望動機を明確に書く必要があります。

You need to write your motivation clearly on your resume.

Using adverbs and necessity structures.

2

彼の志望は、将来自分の会社を持つことです。

His ambition is to have his own company in the future.

Using nominalization (koto desu).

3

多くの学生が安定した公務員を志望する傾向があります。

There is a tendency for many students to aspire to be stable civil servants.

Describing trends (keikou ga arimasu).

4

第一志望に落ちてしまいましたが、第二志望には受かりました。

I failed my first choice, but I passed my second choice.

Contrasting clauses with 'ga'.

5

志望校のレベルが高すぎて、少し不安です。

The level of my school of choice is too high, so I am a little anxious.

Using 'sugiru' for excess.

6

この業界を志望したきっかけは何ですか。

What was the trigger that made you aspire to this industry?

Using 'kikkake' (trigger/reason).

7

親の期待とは別に、自分の志望を貫きたい。

Apart from my parents' expectations, I want to stick to my own ambition.

Using 'tsuranuku' (to carry through).

8

志望者が定員を上回ったため、抽選が行われます。

Because the number of applicants exceeded the capacity, a lottery will be held.

Using 'tame' for reason/cause.

1

御社を志望した最大の理由は、その革新的な企業理念に共感したからです。

The biggest reason I applied to your company is that I resonated with your innovative corporate philosophy.

Formal business Japanese structures.

2

現在の専攻とは異なりますが、以前からこの分野を強く志望しておりました。

Although it differs from my current major, I have strongly aspired to this field for a long time.

Humble form 'orimashita'.

3

少子化の影響で、難関大学への志望者数にも変化が見られます。

Due to the declining birthrate, changes can also be seen in the number of applicants to highly selective universities.

Passive potential form 'miraremasu'.

4

単なる憧れではなく、具体的なキャリアプランに基づいた志望です。

It is not merely a yearning, but an ambition based on a concrete career plan.

Using 'ni motodzuita' (based on).

5

志望動機書を推敲し、より説得力のある内容に仕上げた。

I polished my statement of purpose and finished it into a more persuasive content.

Advanced vocabulary like 'suikou' (polishing).

6

彼は周囲の反対を押し切って、芸術家への道を志望した。

He overcame the opposition of those around him and aspired to the path of an artist.

Using 'oshikitte' (overcoming/pushing through).

7

海外勤務を志望する社員を対象とした特別な研修プログラムがある。

There is a special training program targeting employees who aspire to work overseas.

Using 'taishou to shita' (targeting).

8

第一志望の企業から内定をもらい、安堵の胸を撫で下ろした。

I received an unofficial job offer from my first-choice company and breathed a sigh of relief.

Idiomatic expression 'ando no mune o nadeoroshita'.

1

本学を志望するに至った経緯を、あなたの過去の経験と結びつけて論じなさい。

Discuss the process that led you to aspire to this university, connecting it with your past experiences.

Formal academic instruction style.

2

昨今の経済情勢を鑑みると、安定志向の学生が増加するのは必然と言えよう。

Considering the recent economic situation, it can be said that the increase in students with stability-oriented ambitions is inevitable.

Using 'kangamiru to' (considering) and 'to ieyou' (it can be said).

3

彼の志望動機は表層的であり、当社のビジョンに対する深い理解が欠如している。

His motivation for applying is superficial and lacks a deep understanding of our company's vision.

Advanced vocabulary 'hyousouteki' (superficial) and 'kakujo' (lack).

4

多様な人材を確保するため、従来の採用基準にとらわれない志望者を歓迎する。

In order to secure diverse human resources, we welcome applicants who are not bound by traditional hiring criteria.

Using 'torawarenai' (not bound by).

5

長年の志望が結実し、ついに夢であった宇宙飛行士への第一歩を踏み出した。

His long-held ambition bore fruit, and he finally took the first step toward his dream of becoming an astronaut.

Using 'ketsujitsu suru' (to bear fruit).

6

志望校の選定においては、偏差値だけでなく、校風やカリキュラムの適合性も熟慮すべきである。

In selecting a school of choice, one should carefully consider not only the standard deviation score but also the suitability of the school culture and curriculum.

Formal 'ni oite wa' and 'beki dearu'.

7

このプロジェクトへの参加を強く志望する旨を、担当部署に直接申し入れた。

I directly proposed to the department in charge my strong desire to participate in this project.

Using 'mune' (to the effect that) and 'moushiireta'.

8

彼の経歴書からは、一貫して教育分野に携わりたいという強い志望の念が読み取れる。

From his resume, one can read a strong sense of ambition to consistently be involved in the field of education.

Using 'shibou no nen' (sense of ambition).

1

自己の適性との乖離に気づきながらも、社会的体裁を取り繕うために不本意な進路を志望する若者が後を絶たない。

There is no end to young people who, despite realizing the divergence from their own aptitude, aspire to an unwilling path in order to keep up social appearances.

Highly complex sentence with 'kairi' (divergence) and 'teisai o toritsukurou' (keep up appearances).

2

当該ポストへの志望者が皆無であったという事実は、組織の硬直化と魅力の低下を如実に物語っている。

The fact that there were absolutely no applicants for the post in question eloquently speaks to the ossification of the organization and the decline in its appeal.

Advanced vocabulary 'kaimu' (none), 'koukokuka' (ossification), 'nyojitsu ni'.

3

彼の志望動機書は、単なる美辞麗句の羅列に過ぎず、真に迫る熱意や独自の視点が微塵も感じられなかった。

His statement of purpose was nothing more than a string of flowery words, and not a shred of genuine enthusiasm or unique perspective could be felt.

Idioms 'bijireiku no raretsu' (string of flowery words), 'mijin mo' (not a shred).

4

企業側は、建前としての志望動機を見透かし、候補者の深層心理に潜む真の欲求を炙り出す面接手法を模索している。

Companies are seeking interview methods to see through the ostensible motivations for applying and expose the true desires lurking in the candidates' deep psychology.

Advanced concepts 'tatemae' (ostensible), 'aburidasu' (expose).

5

幼少期からの漠然とした憧憬が、数々の挫折を経て、確固たる信念に基づく志望へと昇華された。

The vague yearning from childhood, after going through numerous setbacks, was sublimated into an ambition based on firm conviction.

Literary terms 'shoukei' (yearning), 'shouka' (sublimation).

6

高度な専門性が要求される職位であるため、安易な気持ちで志望することは推奨されない。

Because it is a position that requires a high degree of specialized expertise, aspiring to it with a lighthearted attitude is not recommended.

Formal passive 'suishou sarenai'.

7

志望の強弱だけでなく、その志望を裏付けるだけの客観的な実績やスキルセットが厳しく問われる局面である。

It is a situation where not only the strength of the ambition but also the objective track record and skill set sufficient to back up that ambition are strictly questioned.

Using 'uradzukeru' (to back up) and 'kyokumen' (situation).

8

時代の変遷とともに、人々のキャリアに対する価値観も多様化し、かつてのような画一的な志望のあり方は通用しなくなりつつある。

Along with the changes of the times, people's values regarding careers have also diversified, and the uniform way of ambition as in the past is becoming obsolete.

Philosophical/societal observation language.

Synonyms

志向 希望 熱望 意望 念願

Antonyms

嫌厭 拒絶

Common Collocations

第一志望
志望動機
志望校
志望者
志望する
志望理由
志望を変える
志望を下げる
志望を固める
志望に沿う

Common Phrases

第一志望です。

— It is my first choice. Used in interviews or counseling.

御社が第一志望です。

志望動機は何ですか。

— What is your reason for applying? Standard interview question.

この会社を選んだ志望動機は何ですか。

志望校に受かる。

— To pass the exam for one's school of choice.

頑張って志望校に受かるぞ。

志望を高く持つ。

— To aim high in one's ambitions.

常に志望を高く持ちなさい。

志望が叶う。

— One's ambition is realized.

長年の志望が叶った。

志望を変更する。

— To change one's desired school or career path.

先生と相談して志望を変更した。

志望を諦める。

— To give up on one's ambition.

学費の問題で志望を諦めた。

志望分野

— Desired field of study or work.

志望分野に関連する本を読

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