支配する in 30 Seconds
- 支配する means to rule, control, or dominate.
- Used for kings, dictators, companies, and even emotions.
- Implies a power dynamic where one party is in charge.
- Often paired with the particle を (o) to indicate the object of control.
- Core Meaning
- The Japanese verb 支配する (shihai suru) fundamentally means 'to rule,' 'to control,' or 'to dominate.' It implies having absolute power or influence over something or someone, often in a position of authority or superiority.
- Contexts of Use
- This verb is used in various contexts, ranging from political and historical scenarios to more abstract concepts like controlling one's emotions or a company dominating a market. It can describe the actions of a king over his kingdom, a dictator over a nation, a powerful entity over others, or even a strong feeling that takes over a person.
- Nuance
- While it can denote benevolent leadership, it often carries a connotation of absolute, sometimes oppressive, control. The degree of control can vary, from direct governance to subtle influence that dictates behavior or outcomes. It's a strong verb that signifies a significant power dynamic.
- Examples
- A historical text might describe how one nation came to 支配する another. In a business context, a company might aim to 支配する the market for a specific product. On a personal level, someone might struggle to 支配する their anger. The word emphasizes a one-sided power relationship where one party is in command.
Ancient empires often sought to 支配する vast territories and diverse populations, establishing their rule through military might and administrative systems.
In the narrative, the protagonist must learn to 支配する their own fears before they can confront the external threat.
The tech giant’s innovative products quickly allowed it to 支配する the global market, setting industry standards and influencing consumer choices.
- Grammatical Structure
- 支配する is a verb and conjugates like any other Japanese verb. It takes a direct object, usually marked with the particle を (o), indicating what is being ruled or controlled. For example, 国を支配する (kuni o shihai suru) means 'to rule a country.' It can also be used with the passive form (支配される - shihai sareru) meaning 'to be ruled' or 'to be controlled.' The potential form (支配できる - shihai dekiru) means 'can rule' or 'can control,' and the negative form (支配しない - shihai shinai) means 'does not rule' or 'does not control.' The te-form (支配して - shihai shite) is used for connecting clauses or forming compound verbs.
- Subject and Object
- The subject performing the action of 支配する is typically someone or something in a position of power. The object is what or who is under that control. For instance, 王様が王国を支配する (Ōsama ga ōkoku o shihai suru) - 'The king rules the kingdom.' Sometimes, the subject can be implied or omitted if it's clear from the context. The object can be concrete (like a territory) or abstract (like emotions, thoughts, or a market).
- Figurative Usage
- Beyond literal rule, 支配する is often used metaphorically. For example, 感情を支配する (kanjō o shihai suru) means 'to control one's emotions.' This implies a conscious effort to manage and regulate feelings. Similarly, 恐怖が彼を支配した (Kyōfu ga kare o shihai shita) means 'fear dominated him,' suggesting fear took over his actions and thoughts. This figurative use highlights the power of abstract concepts to influence behavior.
- Common Patterns
- You'll frequently encounter 支配する in sentences describing historical events, political structures, economic dominance, and personal struggles for self-control. The verb often appears with adverbs that describe the manner of control, such as 完全に支配する (kanzen ni shihai suru - to completely control) or 巧みに支配する (takumi ni shihai suru - to skillfully control).
The general planned to 支配する the enemy's supply lines to weaken their resistance.
It is important for individuals to learn how to 支配する their impulses for a healthy life.
The corporation aims to 支配する the market by offering lower prices than its competitors.
- Historical Documentaries and Books
- When discussing historical empires, conquests, or periods of significant political upheaval, 支配する is a very common verb. You'll hear it describing how certain rulers or nations came to exert control over others, the strategies they employed, and the impact of their rule. For instance, discussions about the Roman Empire, the Mongol Empire, or colonial histories will frequently use this term to denote the act of ruling and governing.
- News and Political Commentary
- In news reports and political analyses, 支配する can refer to a country's influence over another, a political party's control over government policy, or a leader's dominance within their party. It's used to describe power dynamics, whether overt or subtle, in the geopolitical landscape or domestic politics. Economic news might also use it to describe a company's market dominance.
- Literature and Fiction
- In novels, plays, and films, 支配する is often used to portray characters who are ambitious, tyrannical, or manipulative. It can describe villains who seek to control the world or their immediate surroundings, or protagonists who struggle against such control. It's also used in more introspective narratives, describing internal struggles like controlling one's emotions, desires, or fate.
- Business and Economics
- In the business world, 支配する is used when discussing market share and corporate power. A company that has a very large portion of the market might be described as dominating or controlling it. Phrases like '市場を支配する' (shijō o shihai suru - to dominate the market) are common. It can also refer to a parent company controlling its subsidiaries.
- Psychology and Self-Help
- In discussions about mental health or personal development, 支配する often relates to self-control. For instance, controlling one's stress, anger, or addictive behaviors might be described using this verb. It's used when talking about the effort required to manage internal states or external influences that threaten one's well-being.
The documentary explained how the colonial power sought to 支配する the region's natural resources.
Political analysts debated whether the new law would allow the government to 支配する public opinion more effectively.
In the novel, the antagonist’s ultimate goal was to 支配する the minds of all citizens.
- Confusing with Similar Verbs
- Learners might confuse 支配する with verbs like 治める (osameru - to govern, to rule, often more about maintaining order and peace) or 管理する (kanri suru - to manage, to administer, focusing on practical administration). While 治める can overlap in meaning with ruling, it often implies a more established and stable governance. 管理する is about day-to-day management and oversight rather than absolute control or domination.
- Overuse in Personal Contexts
- While 支配する can be used for self-control (e.g., 感情を支配する), it's a very strong term. In casual conversation about managing minor impulses, a softer verb like 抑える (osaeru - to suppress, to restrain) or 我慢する (gaman suru - to endure, to be patient) might be more appropriate. Overusing 支配する for everyday self-discipline can sound overly dramatic or even aggressive.
- Ignoring the Nuance of Domination
- The primary nuance of 支配する is domination and absolute control. Learners might use it in situations where the control is more collaborative or simply influential, rather than absolute. For instance, describing a leader who merely 'influences' a group might be better expressed with 影響を与える (eikyō o ataeru). 支配する implies a more unilateral power dynamic.
- Incorrect Particle Usage
- Like many transitive verbs, 支配する typically takes the particle を (o) to mark its direct object. A common mistake is using the particle が (ga) or に (ni) incorrectly. For example, saying 国が支配する (kuni ga shihai suru) instead of 国を支配する (kuni o shihai suru). While が can sometimes mark the subject, for the object of domination, を is standard.
- Passive vs. Active Misunderstanding
- Confusing the active form (支配する) with the passive form (支配される) can lead to miscommunication. Using 支配する when the intended meaning is 'to be ruled' or 'to be controlled' is incorrect. For example, saying 'The people 支配する the king' when they meant 'The people were ruled by the king' (人々は王に支配された - Hitobito wa ō ni shihai sareta).
Incorrect: 彼の感情が彼を支配する。(His emotions dominate him.) Correct: 彼の感情が彼を支配した。(His emotions dominated him.)
Incorrect: 会社が市場を治める。(The company rules the market.) Correct: 会社が市場を支配する。(The company dominates the market.)
Incorrect: 彼は自分を支配する。(He controls himself - implying his own agency is the controller.) Correct: 彼は自分を律する or コントロールする (He controls himself - more common for self-discipline).
- 治める (osameru)
- Meaning: To govern, to rule, to pacify, to bring under control.
Difference: While both can mean 'to rule,' 治める often implies governing a territory or people with the aim of maintaining peace and order. It can suggest a more established, less forceful kind of rule than 支配する, which emphasizes absolute control and dominance. 治める can also mean to pacify or quell unrest.
Example: 王は国を治めた。(Ō wa kuni o osameta.) - The king governed the country (peacefully). vs. 敵国を支配する。(Tekikoku o shihai suru.) - To dominate the enemy country. - 管理する (kanri suru)
- Meaning: To manage, to administer, to control (in the sense of overseeing operations).
Difference: 管理する is about practical management, administration, and oversight of resources, systems, or people. It focuses on efficient operation and maintenance rather than absolute power or domination. You manage a project or a system, but you dominate a market or a people.
Example: プロジェクトを管理する。(Purojekuto o kanri suru.) - To manage a project. vs. 会社が市場を支配する。(Kaisha ga shijō o shihai suru.) - The company dominates the market. - 影響を与える (eikyō o ataeru)
- Meaning: To influence, to affect.
Difference: This is a much milder term than 支配する. To influence means to have an effect on someone or something, but it doesn't imply direct control or dominance. 支配する suggests a much stronger, often unilateral, power dynamic.
Example: 彼の言葉は私に影響を与えた。(Kare no kotoba wa watashi ni eikyō o ataeta.) - His words influenced me. vs. 彼は人々を支配した。(Kare wa hitobito o shihai shita.) - He dominated people. - コントロールする (kontorōru suru)
- Meaning: To control (loanword from English).
Difference: This is a more general term for control, often used for self-control, managing devices, or controlling a situation in a less forceful way than 支配する. While 支配する implies a power over others, コントロールする can be used for more neutral or technical control, or even self-regulation.
Example: 自分をコントロールする。(Jibun o kontorōru suru.) - To control oneself. vs. 敵国を支配する。(Tekikoku o shihai suru.) - To dominate the enemy country. - 牛耳る (gyōjiru)
- Meaning: To hold sway over, to rule, to control (often implies behind-the-scenes power or manipulation).
Difference: 牛耳る is a more colloquial and often negative term for control, implying someone is pulling the strings or has significant, perhaps hidden, influence. It's often used for informal power structures or when someone is secretly in charge. 支配する is more direct and formal.
Example: 彼は裏で牛耳っている。(Kare wa ura de gyōjitte iru.) - He's pulling the strings from behind the scenes. vs. 歴史上の王が国を支配した。(Rekishi-jō no ō ga kuni o shihai shita.) - Historical kings ruled countries.
The manager's role was to 管理する the team's daily tasks, not to 支配する their every decision.
A wise leader seeks to 治める their people, fostering peace and prosperity.
The celebrity's influence 影響を与えた many young fans, but they did not 支配する their lives.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The kanji 配, when used in other contexts, can mean 'to distribute' (e.g., 配る - kubaru) or 'to be assigned' (e.g., 配属 - haizoku). The connection to 'control' or 'rule' comes from the idea of distributing resources and managing a territory effectively. The combination of 'support' and 'distribution' implies a structured way of maintaining order and authority.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'shi' as 'shee' or 'su' as 'soo'.
- Not giving enough weight to the 'ha' sound.
- Incorrectly stressing the final 'ru' syllable.
Difficulty Rating
The verb itself is relatively common, but understanding its nuances and various applications (political, economic, personal) requires context. Recognizing its figurative uses can also be challenging.
Choosing the correct verb for 'control' or 'rule' can be tricky, as 支配する is quite strong. Learners need to be aware of its intensity and when it's appropriate to use compared to milder alternatives.
Using 支配する in natural conversation requires a good grasp of its connotations. It's a strong word that might sound overly aggressive or dramatic if used inappropriately.
Identifying 支配する in spoken Japanese is generally straightforward due to its distinct sound. The challenge lies in interpreting its meaning correctly based on the surrounding context.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Transitive Verbs and the particle を (o)
支配する is a transitive verb that takes a direct object. This object is marked by the particle を. For example: 彼は国を支配した。(He ruled the country.)
Passive Voice (られる/れる)
The passive form 支配される means 'to be ruled' or 'to be controlled.' It's formed by adding される to the verb stem. For example: 国民は王に支配された。(The citizens were ruled by the king.) The agent is often marked by に.
Potential Form (できる/うる)
The potential form 支配できる means 'can rule' or 'can control.' It's formed by changing the final 'u' sound of the verb stem to 'e' and adding できる. For example: 彼は市場を支配できる。(He can control the market.)
Causative Form (させる)
The causative form 支配させる means 'to make someone rule/control.' It's formed by adding せる to the verb stem. For example: 指導者は部下に敵を支配させようとした。(The leader tried to make his subordinates control the enemy.)
Nominalization (こと/の)
The verb can be nominalized using こと or の to refer to the act of ruling or controlling. For example: 支配することは難しい。(Ruling is difficult.) or 支配するのは好きではない。(I don't like ruling.)
Examples by Level
王様が国を支配します。
The king rules the country.
Subject (王様) + particle が + Object (国) + particle を + Verb (支配します).
大きな犬が小さな犬を支配する。
The big dog dominates the small dog.
Subject (大きな犬) + particle が + Object (小さな犬) + particle を + Verb (支配する).
彼は自分を支配しようとする。
He tries to control himself.
Subject (彼) + particle は + Object (自分) + particle を + Verb (支配しようとする - trying to control).
この会社は市場を支配しています。
This company dominates the market.
Subject (この会社) + particle は + Object (市場) + particle を + Verb (支配しています - is dominating).
彼女は感情を支配するのが上手い。
She is good at controlling her emotions.
Subject (彼女) + particle は + Object (感情) + particle を + Verb (支配する) + Noun (のが) + Adjective (上手い - good at).
昔、王様がこの国を支配していました。
Long ago, a king ruled this country.
Time (昔) + Subject (王様) + particle が + Object (この国) + particle を + Verb (支配していました - was ruling).
力のある者が弱い者を支配する。
The strong dominate the weak.
Subject (力のある者) + particle が + Object (弱い者) + particle を + Verb (支配する).
彼は自分の運命を支配しようとした。
He tried to control his destiny.
Subject (彼) + Object (自分の運命) + particle を + Verb (支配しようとした - tried to control).
その独裁者は国民を厳しく支配した。
The dictator strictly controlled the citizens.
Subject (その独裁者) + particle は + Object (国民) + particle を + Adverb (厳しく) + Verb (支配した).
この地域はかつて大きな帝国に支配されていた。
This region was once ruled by a great empire.
Subject (この地域) + Adverb (かつて) + Object (大きな帝国) + particle に + Verb (支配されていた - was ruled/controlled - passive).
彼は怒りを支配することに苦労していた。
He struggled to control his anger.
Subject (彼) + Object (怒り) + particle を + Verb (支配すること) + Particle (に) + Verb (苦労していた - was struggling).
その企業は市場でほぼ全てのシェアを支配している。
That corporation controls almost all the market share.
Subject (その企業) + Particle (は) + Object (市場) + Particle (で) + Noun Phrase (ほぼ全てのシェア) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配している - is controlling).
自然の力は人間が支配できるものではない。
The forces of nature cannot be controlled by humans.
Subject (自然の力) + Particle (は) + Noun Phrase (人間が支配できるもの) + Particle (で) + Negative Copula (はない - is not).
彼女は自分の感情を巧みに支配していた。
She skillfully controlled her emotions.
Subject (彼女) + Object (自分の感情) + Particle (を) + Adverb (巧みに) + Verb (支配していた).
その将軍は敵軍を完全に支配下に置いた。
The general placed the enemy army completely under his control.
Subject (その将軍) + Object (敵軍) + Particle (を) + Adverb (完全に) + Noun Phrase (支配下) + Particle (に) + Verb (置いた - placed).
古い法律はまだこの社会の一部を支配している。
Old laws still govern a part of this society.
Subject (古い法律) + Adverb (まだ) + Object (この社会) + Particle (の) + Noun (一部) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配している).
歴史書によると、その王は広大な領土を支配した。
According to historical records, that king ruled a vast territory.
Phrase (歴史書によると) + Subject (その王) + Object (広大な領土) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配した).
彼は自分の欲望を支配するために瞑想を始めた。
He started meditating to control his desires.
Subject (彼) + Object (自分の欲望) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Noun (ため) + Particle (に) + Verb (瞑想を始めた).
その会社は業界の動向を支配できるほどの力を持っている。
That company has enough power to control industry trends.
Subject (その会社) + Object (業界の動向) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配できる) + Noun (ほど) + Particle (の) + Noun (力) + Verb (持っている).
過去のトラウマが彼の行動を支配しているように見えた。
It seemed like past trauma was dominating his actions.
Subject (過去のトラウマ) + Object (彼の行動) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配している) + Verb (ように見えた - it seemed like).
この法律は、市民の自由を過度に支配する可能性がある。
This law has the potential to excessively control citizens' freedom.
Subject (この法律) + Object (市民の自由) + Particle (を) + Adverb (過度に) + Verb (支配する) + Noun (可能性) + Verb (ある).
彼は権力によって人々を支配しようと試みたが、失敗した。
He attempted to control people through power, but failed.
Subject (彼) + Noun Phrase (権力によって) + Object (人々) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配しようと試みた) + Conjunction (が) + Verb (失敗した).
その芸術家は、自身の想像力によって作品の世界を支配した。
The artist dominated the world of their works through their imagination.
Subject (その芸術家) + Noun Phrase (自身の想像力) + Particle (によって) + Object (作品の世界) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配した).
現代社会では、情報が人々の考え方を支配する傾向がある。
In modern society, information tends to dominate people's way of thinking.
Phrase (現代社会では) + Subject (情報) + Object (人々の考え方) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Noun (傾向) + Verb (ある).
その帝国は、軍事力と巧みな外交によって広大な地域を支配下に置いた。
That empire placed vast regions under its control through military might and skillful diplomacy.
Subject (その帝国) + Noun Phrase (軍事力と巧みな外交) + Particle (によって) + Object (広大な地域) + Particle (を) + Noun Phrase (支配下) + Particle (に) + Verb (置いた).
彼は、自己啓発書を読み漁り、自身の精神を支配する方法を模索していた。
He was searching for ways to control his own mind by devouring self-help books.
Subject (彼) + Noun Phrase (自己啓発書) + Particle (を) + Verb (読み漁り - devouring) + Object (自身の精神) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Noun (方法) + Particle (を) + Verb (模索していた).
そのテクノロジー企業は、革新的な製品で市場の大部分を支配することに成功した。
That technology company succeeded in dominating most of the market with its innovative products.
Subject (そのテクノロジー企業) + Noun Phrase (革新的な製品) + Particle (で) + Object (市場の大部分) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Verb (こと) + Particle (に) + Verb (成功した).
長年の抑圧的な政権が、国民の生活のあらゆる側面を支配していた。
The long-standing oppressive regime dominated every aspect of the citizens' lives.
Subject (長年の抑圧的な政権) + Object (国民の生活のあらゆる側面) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配していた).
現代のメディアは、世論を支配する上で非常に強力な影響力を持っている。
Modern media possesses extremely strong influence in dominating public opinion.
Subject (現代のメディア) + Noun Phrase (世論) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Noun Phrase (上で) + Adverb (非常に) + Adjective (強力な) + Noun (影響力) + Verb (持っている).
彼は、自身の過去の失敗が現在の決断を支配することを許さなかった。
He did not allow his past failures to dominate his current decisions.
Subject (彼) + Object (自身の過去の失敗) + Object (現在の決断) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Verb (こと) + Particle (を) + Negative Verb (許さなかった).
その都市は、かつて強力な王によって支配されており、その遺産は今も残っている。
That city was once ruled by a powerful king, and its legacy remains even now.
Subject (その都市) + Adverb (かつて) + Adjective (強力な) + Noun (王) + Particle (によって) + Verb (支配されており - was ruled, passive continuous) + Conjunction (、) + Noun Phrase (その遺産) + Adverb (今も) + Verb (残っている).
グローバル経済は、少数の大企業によって支配されているという批判もある。
There is also criticism that the global economy is dominated by a few large corporations.
Subject (グローバル経済) + Particle (は) + Noun Phrase (少数の大企業) + Particle (によって) + Verb (支配されている - is dominated, passive) + Verb (という) + Noun (批判) + Particle (も) + Verb (ある).
その芸術家は、独自のスタイルで絵画の世界を支配し、後世に多大な影響を与えた。
The artist dominated the world of painting with their unique style, leaving a great impact on future generations.
Subject (その芸術家) + Noun Phrase (独自のスタイル) + Particle (で) + Object (絵画の世界) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配し) + Conjunction (、) + Noun Phrase (後世) + Particle (に) + Adjective (多大な) + Noun (影響) + Verb (与えた).
彼は、幼少期のトラウマが形成した自己不信感に長年苦しみ、それを支配しようと試みた。
He suffered for many years from the self-doubt formed by childhood trauma and attempted to control it.
Subject (彼) + Noun Phrase (幼少期のトラウマ) + Verb (形成した) + Noun Phrase (自己不信感) + Particle (に) + Adverb (長年) + Verb (苦しみ) + Conjunction (、) + Object (それ) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配しようと試みた).
その巨大なテクノロジー企業は、データ収集能力を駆使して、デジタル空間における情報フローを事実上支配している。
That giant technology company, by fully utilizing its data collection capabilities, effectively dominates the information flow in the digital space.
Subject (その巨大なテクノロジー企業) + Noun Phrase (データ収集能力) + Particle (を) + Verb (駆使して - by utilizing) + Object (デジタル空間における情報フロー) + Particle (を) + Adverb (事実上) + Verb (支配している).
歴史上の権力闘争は、しばしば感情的な衝動が理性を支配することによって引き起こされる。
Historical power struggles are often caused by emotional impulses dominating reason.
Subject (歴史上の権力闘争) + Adverb (しばしば) + Noun Phrase (感情的な衝動) + Object (理性) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配すること) + Particle (によって) + Verb (引き起こされる - are caused).
この新しい法律は、個人のプライバシーを過度に支配し、監視社会へと導く危険性を孕んでいる。
This new law carries the danger of excessively dominating individual privacy and leading to a surveillance society.
Subject (この新しい法律) + Object (個人のプライバシー) + Particle (を) + Adverb (過度に) + Verb (支配し) + Conjunction (、) + Noun Phrase (監視社会) + Particle (へと) + Verb (導く) + Noun (危険性) + Verb (孕んでいる - carries/holds).
彼は、自身の傲慢さが周囲との関係を支配し、孤立を招くことを理解していなかった。
He did not understand that his own arrogance dominated his relationships with those around him, leading to isolation.
Subject (彼) + Object (自身の傲慢さ) + Object (周囲との関係) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配し) + Conjunction (、) + Noun (孤立) + Verb (を) + Verb (招く - leading to) + Verb (こと) + Particle (を) + Negative Verb (理解していなかった).
その古代都市の建築様式は、当時の支配階級の思想と美学を色濃く支配していた。
The architectural style of that ancient city strongly reflected the ideology and aesthetics of the ruling class at the time.
Subject (その古代都市の建築様式) + Object (当時の支配階級の思想と美学) + Particle (を) + Adverb (色濃く) + Verb (支配していた).
グローバル化の進展は、文化的多様性を画一化し、特定の文化が他の文化を支配する傾向を強めている。
The advancement of globalization is homogenizing cultural diversity and strengthening the tendency for certain cultures to dominate others.
Subject (グローバル化の進展) + Noun Phrase (文化的多様性) + Particle (を) + Verb (画一化し - homogenizing) + Conjunction (、) + Noun Phrase (特定の文化) + Object (他の文化) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Noun (傾向) + Particle (を) + Verb (強めている).
その独裁的な指導者は、恐怖とプロパガンダを巧みに操り、国民の精神を完全に支配下に置いた。
The dictatorial leader skillfully manipulated fear and propaganda, placing the citizens' minds completely under his control.
Subject (その独裁的な指導者) + Noun Phrase (恐怖とプロパガンダ) + Particle (を) + Adverb (巧みに) + Verb (操り - manipulated) + Object (国民の精神) + Particle (を) + Adverb (完全に) + Noun Phrase (支配下) + Particle (に) + Verb (置いた).
彼の作品は、人間の根源的な孤独感と、それを克服しようとする意志が複雑に絡み合い、鑑賞者の感情を深く支配する。
His works, where the fundamental human sense of loneliness and the will to overcome it are intricately intertwined, deeply dominate the viewer's emotions.
Subject (彼の作品) + Noun Phrase (人間の根源的な孤独感) + Conjunction (と) + Noun Phrase (それを克服しようとする意志) + Particle (が) + Adverb (複雑に) + Verb (絡み合い - intertwined) + Object (鑑賞者の感情) + Particle (を) + Adverb (深く) + Verb (支配する).
その多国籍企業は、グローバルサプライチェーンを支配する圧倒的な力を行使し、各国の経済政策にまで影響を及ぼしている。
That multinational corporation exercises overwhelming power that dominates the global supply chain, influencing even the economic policies of various countries.
Subject (その多国籍企業) + Noun Phrase (グローバルサプライチェーン) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Adjective (圧倒的な) + Noun (力) + Verb (を行使し - exercises) + Conjunction (、) + Noun Phrase (各国の経済政策) + Particle (にまで) + Verb (影響を及ぼしている - influencing).
植民地支配の歴史は、被支配民族の文化やアイデンティティを抹消し、支配者の価値観を押し付けることで、その精神を支配しようとした試みの証である。
The history of colonial rule is evidence of an attempt to dominate the minds of the subjugated peoples by erasing their culture and identity and imposing the rulers' values.
Subject (植民地支配の歴史) + Noun Phrase (被支配民族の文化やアイデンティティ) + Particle (を) + Verb (抹消し - erasing) + Conjunction (、) + Noun Phrase (支配者の価値観) + Particle (を) + Verb (押し付けること - imposing) + Particle (で) + Object (その精神) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配しようとした) + Noun (試み) + Particle (の) + Noun (証 - evidence) + Verb (である).
現代の情報化社会においては、アルゴリズムが人々の消費行動や情報摂取を無意識のうちに支配し、個人の自律性を脅かしているという懸念がある。
In today's information-oriented society, there is concern that algorithms unconsciously dominate people's consumption behavior and information intake, threatening individual autonomy.
Phrase (現代の情報化社会においては) + Subject (アルゴリズム) + Object (人々の消費行動や情報摂取) + Particle (を) + Adverb (無意識のうちに) + Verb (支配し) + Conjunction (、) + Noun Phrase (個人の自律性) + Particle (を) + Verb (脅かしている - threatening) + Verb (という) + Noun (懸念) + Verb (ある).
彼は、自身の内なる葛藤が理性的な判断を支配することを許さず、徹底的な自己分析によってそれを克服しようと努めた。
He did not allow his inner conflicts to dominate his rational judgment, and strove to overcome them through thorough self-analysis.
Subject (彼) + Object (自身の内なる葛藤) + Object (理性的な判断) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Verb (こと) + Particle (を) + Negative Verb (許さず - not allowing) + Conjunction (、) + Noun Phrase (徹底的な自己分析) + Particle (によって) + Object (それ) + Particle (を) + Verb (克服しようと) + Verb (努めた - strove).
その文学作品は、登場人物たちの運命を支配する宿命論的な世界観を巧みに描き出し、読者に深い思索を促した。
The literary work skillfully depicted a fatalistic worldview that dominated the characters' destinies, prompting deep contemplation in the readers.
Subject (その文学作品) + Noun Phrase (登場人物たちの運命) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Adjective (宿命論的な) + Noun (世界観) + Particle (を) + Adverb (巧みに) + Verb (描き出し - depicted) + Conjunction (、) + Object (読者) + Particle (に) + Adjective (深い) + Noun (思索) + Particle (を) + Verb (促した - prompted).
人工知能の進化は、人間の知性を凌駕し、社会のあらゆる側面を支配する可能性を秘めていると警鐘を鳴らす専門家もいる。
Some experts warn that the evolution of artificial intelligence holds the potential to surpass human intelligence and dominate all aspects of society.
Subject (人工知能の進化) + Verb (人間の知性) + Particle (を) + Verb (凌駕し - surpass) + Conjunction (、) + Object (社会のあらゆる側面) + Particle (を) + Verb (支配する) + Noun (可能性) + Particle (を) + Verb (秘めている - holds/contains) + Verb (と) + Noun (警鐘) + Particle (を) + Verb (鳴らす) + Noun (専門家) + Particle (も) + Verb (いる).
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— The one who rules or dominates.
彼は自分を支配する者だと考えている。(He thinks of himself as the one who dominates.)
— To be ruled, controlled, or dominated.
人々は長い間、抑圧的な政府に支配されていた。(People were long dominated by the oppressive government.)
— Power to rule or control; dominance.
その企業は市場における支配力を強めている。(That company is strengthening its dominance in the market.)
— The ruling class; the elite.
支配層は国民の不満を無視した。(The ruling class ignored the people's discontent.)
— Dominant; ruling; controlling.
彼は会議で支配的な態度をとる。(He takes a dominant attitude in meetings.)
— To bring under one's control or dominion.
将軍は敵の領土を支配下においた。(The general placed the enemy territory under his control.)
— Desire for control or dominance.
彼の支配欲は非常に強い。(His desire for control is very strong.)
— A dominant personality.
彼女は支配的な性格で、いつも自分の意見を通そうとする。(She has a dominant personality and always tries to push her opinion.)
— Dominant influence.
その思想は社会に支配的な影響を与えた。(That ideology had a dominant influence on society.)
— The side that dominates or rules.
歴史はしばしば、支配する側の視点から書かれる。(History is often written from the perspective of the ruling side.)
Often Confused With
While both mean 'to rule,' 治める implies governing with order and peace, whereas 支配する emphasizes absolute control and dominance. For example, a king might 治める his kingdom peacefully, but a conqueror might 支配する a territory.
This means 'to manage' or 'administer.' It focuses on practical oversight and operations, not absolute power. You 管理する a project, but you 支配する a market.
This means 'to influence.' It's much milder than 支配する, indicating an effect rather than direct control or domination.
Idioms & Expressions
— To hold sway over; to control the reins; to be in charge. This idiom is very similar in meaning to 支配する but is more colloquial and often implies behind-the-scenes power or manipulation.
彼は政界の裏で牛耳を執っていると言われている。(He is said to hold sway behind the scenes in politics.)
Colloquial/Informal— To dominate someone's thoughts; to occupy someone's mind. This is a figurative use of 支配する.
その問題が私の頭を支配して離れない。(That problem dominates my thoughts and won't leave me.)
Figurative— To control one's emotions. This is a common metaphorical use of the verb.
彼は激しい怒りを支配することに成功した。(He succeeded in controlling his intense anger.)
Figurative— The ruler and the ruled; the dominator and the dominated. This phrase highlights the power dynamic inherent in the verb.
社会には常に支配する者と支配される者が存在する。(In society, there always exist the ruler and the ruled.)
Formal/Descriptive— To rule dictatorially; to dominate in a tyrannical manner. This emphasizes the absolute and often oppressive nature of the control.
その指導者は国民を独裁的に支配した。(That leader ruled the people dictatorially.)
Formal/Descriptive— A craving for control or dominance.
彼の行動の根底には、支配への渇望があった。(Underlying his actions was a craving for control.)
Psychological/Descriptive— To skillfully control or manipulate; to dominate artfully.
彼女は議論を巧みに支配し、自分の意見を通した。(She skillfully dominated the discussion and pushed her opinion.)
Figurative— To consolidate one's rule or control; to strengthen one's dominance.
新しい王は即位後すぐに支配を固めた。(The new king consolidated his rule soon after his enthronement.)
Political/Historical— To be driven by a desire for control or dominance.
彼は支配欲に駆られて、次々と人々を操った。(Driven by a desire for control, he manipulated people one after another.)
Psychological/Figurative— A dominant attitude; a commanding demeanor.
彼は常に支配的な態度で話す。(He always speaks with a dominant attitude.)
DescriptiveEasily Confused
Both verbs relate to ruling or governing.
治める implies maintaining order and peace, often suggesting established governance. 支配する implies absolute control, dominance, and often conquest or subjugation. You would 治める your own country, but you might 支配する an enemy territory.
王は国を<strong>治めた</strong>。(The king governed the country.) vs. 敵国を<strong>支配した</strong>。(He dominated the enemy country.)
Both involve a form of control.
管理する is about practical management, administration, and oversight. It's about efficient operation. 支配する is about holding power, asserting authority, and dominating. You 管理する a budget, but you 支配する a market.
彼は会社の予算を<strong>管理している</strong>。(He manages the company's budget.) vs. その会社は市場を<strong>支配している</strong>。(That company dominates the market.)
Both can relate to having power over something.
影響を与える means 'to influence,' which is a softer effect. 支配する means 'to dominate' or 'to control absolutely,' implying a much stronger, often unilateral, power dynamic. Influence is about shaping, while domination is about commanding.
彼の言葉は私に<strong>影響を与えた</strong>。(His words influenced me.) vs. 彼の言葉は私を<strong>支配した</strong>。(His words dominated me.)
Both can mean 'to control'.
制する often implies restraining, subduing, or bringing something under control, sometimes through force or discipline. It can be used for controlling emotions or subduing an enemy. 支配する is more about overarching rule and dominion over a larger entity like a country or market.
彼は怒りを<strong>制した</strong>。(He controlled his anger.) vs. 彼は国を<strong>支配した</strong>。(He ruled the country.)
Both mean to control or rule.
牛耳る is more colloquial and often implies behind-the-scenes manipulation or informal power. It's about pulling strings. 支配する is more formal and direct, referring to overt rule or dominance.
彼は裏でその組織を<strong>牛耳っている</strong>。(He controls that organization from behind the scenes.) vs. 王は王国を<strong>支配した</strong>。(The king ruled the kingdom.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + は/が + Object + を + 支配する。
王様<strong>は</strong>王国<strong>を</strong>支配する。
Subject + は/が + Object + に + 支配される。
人々<strong>は</strong>王<strong>に</strong>支配される。
Noun + によって + Object + を + 支配する。
力<strong>によって</strong>国<strong>を</strong>支配する。
Object + を + 支配しようとする。
彼は世界<strong>を</strong>支配しようとする。
Subject + は + Object + を + 支配できる/支配できない。
誰も空<strong>を</strong>支配できない。
Subject + は + Object + を + 支配している。
その会社<strong>は</strong>市場<strong>を</strong>支配している。
Noun Phrase + によって + Object + を + 支配下に置く。
軍事力<strong>によって</strong>領土<strong>を</strong>支配下に置く。
Subject + は + Object + を + 支配し + (conjunction) + ...
彼は国民<strong>を</strong>支配し、国を豊かにした。
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
High, especially in formal and academic contexts related to history, politics, and business.
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Using 支配する for mild influence or management.
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Using milder verbs like 影響を与える (influence) or 管理する (manage).
支配する implies absolute control or dominance. If the situation is about shaping opinions or overseeing tasks, milder verbs are more appropriate. For example, saying 'The teacher influenced the students' is better as '先生は生徒に影響を与えた' rather than '先生は生徒を支配した'.
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Confusing 支配する with 治める (osameru) in contexts of peaceful governance.
→
Using 治める for ruling with peace and order.
治める implies governing a territory or people with the aim of maintaining stability and prosperity. 支配する emphasizes exerting power and control, often through force or subjugation. A king peacefully ruling his land would 治める, while a conqueror would 支配する.
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Incorrect particle usage, e.g., using が instead of を for the object.
→
Using the particle を (o) to mark the direct object of 支配する.
支配する is a transitive verb, and its direct object (what is being controlled) is typically marked by the particle を. For instance, 'He controls the company' is 彼は会社<strong>を</strong>支配する, not 彼は会社<strong>が</strong>支配する.
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Using the active form when passive is intended.
→
Using the passive form 支配される (shihai sareru) when the subject is being controlled.
If the intended meaning is 'to be ruled' or 'to be controlled,' the passive form must be used. For example, 'The people were ruled by the king' is 人々は王に支配された, not 人々は王を支配した.
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Overusing 支配する for self-control in casual contexts.
→
Using コントロールする (kontorōru suru) or 抑える (osaeru) for general self-regulation.
While 支配する can mean 'to control oneself,' it implies a strong, often difficult, struggle for dominance. For everyday self-discipline or managing minor impulses, コントロールする (a loanword) or 抑える (to suppress/restrain) are often more natural and less dramatic.
Tips
Master the Particles
The particle を (o) is crucial when using 支配する transitively, marking what is being ruled or controlled. For example, 国を支配する (kuni o shihai suru) - to rule the country. In the passive form, the agent performing the action is often marked by に, as in 王に支配された (ō ni shihai sareta) - was ruled by the king.
Compare with Similar Verbs
To truly master 支配する, learn its synonyms and near-synonyms like 治める (osameru), 管理する (kanri suru), and 制する (hese suru). Understanding their subtle differences will help you choose the most precise verb for any given situation.
Practice the Sounds
Pronounce 支配する clearly, paying attention to the 'shi-ha-i' sounds followed by 'su-ru.' Practice saying it in different sentence structures to build muscle memory and improve fluency.
Visualize Power
Create mental images associated with dominance and control – a king on his throne, a powerful CEO, or even a strong emotion taking over. Linking the word to these strong visuals can aid recall.
Understand Cultural Nuances
Japanese society has a strong sense of hierarchy and order. While 支配する can be negative, it also reflects concepts of leadership and structure. Be aware of how this word might be perceived within different cultural contexts.
Use it Actively
The best way to learn is through practice. Try writing sentences, having conversations, or even creating short stories that incorporate 支配する. The more you use it, the more natural it will become.
Explore Word Families
Look at related words like 支配者 (ruler), 支配下 (under control), and 支配的 (dominant). Understanding these variations will broaden your vocabulary and deepen your comprehension of the core concept.
Grasp Passive and Potential Forms
Learn how to form the passive (支配される - to be controlled) and potential (支配できる - can control) forms. This will allow you to express more complex ideas and understand sentences where 支配する is used in a different grammatical structure.
Avoid Overuse in Casual Talk
While 支配する is a valid verb, it's quite strong. In casual conversation about minor control or influence, consider using milder alternatives like コントロールする or 影響を与える to sound more natural and less intense.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a king (shi) wearing a crown (hai) that controls his entire kingdom. The 'shi' sound can remind you of 'shepherd,' guiding and controlling his flock (the people). Or, think of 'shame' (shi) and 'high' (hai) - someone who feels shame is often controlled by their own insecurities, or someone in a 'high' position controls others.
Visual Association
Picture a large, imposing castle with a flag flying high, symbolizing absolute rule. Or, imagine a puppet master (shi) controlling puppets (hai - sounds like 'high' in terms of control) on strings.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to create three sentences using 支配する in different contexts: one political, one business-related, and one about personal control. Then, try to explain the difference between 支配する and 治める to a friend.
Word Origin
The word 支配 originates from the kanji 支 (shi - to support, to branch off) and 配 (hai - to distribute, to allot, to care for). Together, these kanji originally conveyed the idea of 'distributing support' or 'allotting care,' which evolved into the concept of governing and controlling.
Original meaning: The original sense was related to the administration and distribution of resources or people within a domain, leading to the idea of governing and maintaining order.
Sino-Japanese (derived from Chinese characters)Cultural Context
The term can carry negative connotations, especially when referring to oppressive political regimes or forceful control over individuals. It's important to be mindful of the context and the potential impact of the word when used.
In English, we have similar concepts like 'to rule,' 'to govern,' 'to control,' 'to dominate,' and 'to command.' The Japanese word 支配する encompasses a broad spectrum of these meanings, often with a stronger connotation of absolute power than some English equivalents.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Historical Narratives
- 帝国が領土を支配した。
- 王は国民を支配した。
- かつてこの地は外国に支配されていた。
Business and Economics
- 市場を支配する。
- 企業が業界を支配する。
- 競合他社を支配下に置く。
Personal Development/Psychology
- 感情を支配する。
- 自分自身を支配する。
- 欲望に支配される。
Politics and Society
- 権力者が国民を支配する。
- 世論を支配する。
- 支配階級の意向。
Fiction and Storytelling
- 悪役が世界を支配しようとする。
- 運命に支配される。
- 主人公は自己を支配する術を学んだ。
Conversation Starters
"What are some historical examples of rulers who dominated their people?"
"How does a company 'dominate' a market, and what are the implications?"
"Is it better to control your emotions or let them flow freely? Why?"
"Can you think of a situation where someone 'controls' others without being in an official position of power?"
"What's the difference between 'ruling' a country and 'managing' it?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time you felt controlled or dominated by someone or something. How did you react?
Reflect on a situation where you had to 'control' your own emotions or impulses. What strategies did you use?
Imagine you are a leader of a nation. What principles would guide your 'rule' or 'governance'?
Think about a popular product or service. How does it 'dominate' its market, and what does that mean for consumers?
Write about a fictional character who seeks to 'dominate' the world. What are their motivations and methods?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe most common meaning of 支配する is 'to rule,' 'to control,' or 'to dominate.' It signifies a situation where one entity has significant power and authority over another, whether it's a political ruler over a nation, a company over a market, or even a strong emotion over a person.
You can use 支配する for self-control (e.g., 感情を支配する - to control one's emotions), but it implies a strong, conscious effort to manage or suppress feelings or impulses. It suggests a struggle for dominance over oneself. For milder self-regulation, other verbs might be more suitable.
While both can mean 'to rule,' 治める (osameru) often implies governing with the goal of maintaining peace and order, suggesting established, benevolent leadership. 支配する (shihai suru) emphasizes absolute control, dominance, and can carry connotations of conquest or subjugation. You would 治める your own country but might 支配する an enemy territory.
Yes, it can, but it often depends heavily on context and modifiers. For instance, a company might 'dominate' a market through superior innovation, which can be seen positively in a competitive sense. However, the core meaning of absolute control can lean towards negative connotations, especially in political or personal power dynamics.
The passive form is 支配される (shihai sareru), which means 'to be ruled,' 'to be controlled,' or 'to be dominated.' For example, 'The country was ruled by the king' would be 国は王に支配された (Kuni wa ō ni shihai sareta).
Yes, very common ones include 市場を支配する (to dominate the market), 国民を支配する (to rule the people), and 感情を支配する (to control emotions). Phrases like 支配下におく (to place under control) and 支配力 (dominance/control power) are also frequently used.
コントロールする is a loanword from English and is more general for 'control.' It can be used for technical control (controlling a device), self-control (controlling one's temper), or managing situations. 支配する is stronger, implying absolute rule, dominance, or subjugation. If you mean absolute power over a nation or market, use 支配する. For general self-regulation or technical control, コントロールする is often more appropriate.
The kanji are 支 (shi - to support, to branch off) and 配 (hai - to distribute, to allot). Together, they evolved to mean governing, controlling, and distributing authority or resources within a domain.
It can be, especially when discussing power dynamics in everyday situations, like someone being bossy or a popular brand dominating a niche. However, for very casual or mild control, softer verbs might be preferred. It's more common in formal discussions or when emphasizing a strong power dynamic.
Antonyms include 解放する (to liberate), 従う (to obey), 独立する (to become independent), and 支援する (to support). These represent the opposite of being controlled or dominated.
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Summary
支配する (shihai suru) is a powerful verb signifying absolute rule, control, or domination, applicable to political entities, corporations, and even abstract concepts like emotions. Remember its core meaning of 'being in charge' and its frequent use with the particle を.
- 支配する means to rule, control, or dominate.
- Used for kings, dictators, companies, and even emotions.
- Implies a power dynamic where one party is in charge.
- Often paired with the particle を (o) to indicate the object of control.
Context is Key
The meaning of 支配する can range from benevolent governance to oppressive tyranny. Always pay close attention to the context, surrounding words, and the overall situation to understand the intended nuance. Is it a king ruling justly, or a dictator oppressing his people?
Master the Particles
The particle を (o) is crucial when using 支配する transitively, marking what is being ruled or controlled. For example, 国を支配する (kuni o shihai suru) - to rule the country. In the passive form, the agent performing the action is often marked by に, as in 王に支配された (ō ni shihai sareta) - was ruled by the king.
Compare with Similar Verbs
To truly master 支配する, learn its synonyms and near-synonyms like 治める (osameru), 管理する (kanri suru), and 制する (hese suru). Understanding their subtle differences will help you choose the most precise verb for any given situation.
Practice the Sounds
Pronounce 支配する clearly, paying attention to the 'shi-ha-i' sounds followed by 'su-ru.' Practice saying it in different sentence structures to build muscle memory and improve fluency.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More history words
古代
B1Ancient times, referring to periods before the Middle Ages.
古代の
B1Belonging to the very distant past; ancient.
考古学
B1The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains.
〜頃
A2Around a specific time or period; approximately.
その頃
A2At that time, around that time, or back then.
攻撃する
A2To attack, to assault, or to make an offensive.
建設する
A2To construct, to build, or to establish.
お城
A2A large fortified building or group of buildings, often historical.
〜世紀
A2A suffix indicating a specific century.
古典的
A2Classical, traditional, or characteristic of ancient Greek/Roman literature.
