The suffix '-hi' denotes the cost or expense associated with a particular noun.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Cost or expense related to a specific purpose.
- Used by attaching to nouns.
- Common in daily life and business.
Overview
「~費(ひ)」は、名詞の後ろにくっついて、その名詞に関連する費用や経費を表す接尾辞です。日本語で「~にかかるお金」という意味を付け加える役割をします。日常生活やビジネスシーンで幅広く使われ、どのような種類のお金がかかるのかを具体的に示すのに役立ちます。例えば、「食費」は食料品を買うためのお金、「交通費」は移動のためのお金、「光熱費」は電気やガス、水道などのためにかかるお金を指します。この接尾辞を理解することで、日本語で金銭的な支出についてより正確に表現できるようになります。
「~費」は、名詞に直接つく場合がほとんどです。例えば、「食」+「費」=「食費」、「交通」+「費」=「交通費」、「学」+「費」=「学費」といった形になります。動詞や形容詞に直接つくことはありません。また、特定の目的や活動に関連する名詞に付けて使われます。例えば、旅行の費用なら「旅費」、医療の費用なら「医療費」となります。単位や金額を表す言葉と組み合わせて使われることも多いです。例えば、「食費は月5万円かかった。」のように使います。
「~費」がよく使われる場面は、家計簿をつけるとき、給与明細や領収書を見る時、予算を立てる時、買い物の計画を立てる時などです。例えば、家計簿では「食費」「日用品費」「娯楽費」などの項目で支出を記録します。ビジネスでは、「人件費」「広告費」「交際費」などの経費管理に使われます。また、学校の学費や奨学金、旅行の際の旅費、病気の際の医療費など、個別の状況に応じた費用を表す際にも頻繁に登場します。
「~費」は「~代(だい)」と似ていますが、ニュアンスが異なります。「~代」は、商品やサービスそのものの価格を指すことが多いです。例えば、「電車賃(=交通費の一部)」「電気代」「水道代」「電話代」などです。一方、「~費」は、それらを支払うために発生する「費用」や「経費」という側面を強調します。例えば、「交通費」は電車賃だけでなく、タクシー代やガソリン代なども含めた移動にかかる総費用を指すことがあります。「学費」は授業料だけでなく、教材費なども含めた広い意味で使われますが、「授業料」はより具体的な金額を指します。「~料」も同様に、特定のサービスに対する料金を指す場合が多いです(例:入場料、授業料)。「~費」は、より包括的な「支出」を意味する傾向があります。
Examples
毎月の食費を節約しなければならない。
everydayI have to save on monthly food expenses.
出張の際の交通費は会社が負担します。
formalThe company will cover the transportation expenses for business trips.
このゲーム、結構課金しちゃって、娯楽費がかさんでるんだよね。
informalI've spent quite a lot on in-app purchases for this game, so my entertainment expenses are piling up.
研究室の運営には、実験器具の購入費や維持費が含まれる。
academicThe operating costs of the laboratory include the purchase and maintenance expenses for experimental equipment.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
食費
food expenses
交通費
transportation expenses
光熱費
utility expenses (electricity, gas, water)
学費
school expenses/tuition
交際費
entertainment/social expenses
Often Confused With
'Dai' usually refers to the price of a specific good or service, like 'denwadai' (phone bill) or 'basu dai' (bus fare). '-Hi' is broader, encompassing all costs related to an activity, like 'koutsuuhi' (transportation expenses) which could include fuel, tolls, and fares.
'Ryou' typically denotes a fee or charge for a specific service or admission, such as 'juyouryou' (tuition fee) or 'nyuujouryou' (admission fee). While 'gakuhi' (school expenses) can include tuition, '-hi' often implies a wider range of associated costs beyond just the direct fee.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
The suffix '-hi' is very common and attaches to nouns to specify the type of expense. It is used in both spoken and written Japanese across various registers, from casual conversation about household budgets to formal business reports on expenditures. When discussing personal finances, it's essential to know terms like 'shokuhi' (food costs) and 'koutsuuhi' (transportation costs).
Common Mistakes
Learners might confuse '-hi' with '-dai' or '-ryou'. Remember that '-hi' generally refers to the overall expense or cost associated with an activity or category, while '-dai' and '-ryou' often refer to the specific price or fee for a service or item.
Tips
Understand the Noun First
To understand '-hi' words, first identify the noun it's attached to. This noun tells you what the expense is for.
Think of it as 'Cost of X'
You can think of 'Noun + 費' as the 'cost of Noun' or 'expenses for Noun'.
Not for Services Alone
While '-hi' can include service costs, it often implies a broader range of expenses related to an activity, unlike '-dai' which can be just the price of a service.
Budgeting and Planning
Understanding various '-hi' terms is crucial for personal finance and budgeting in Japan, allowing for better tracking of spending.
Word Origin
The character '費' (hi) originally meant 'to spend' or 'to exhaust'. Its use as a suffix in Japanese compounds signifies expenses or costs that are 'spent' or 'consumed' for a particular purpose.
Cultural Context
In Japan, meticulous tracking of expenses is common, especially for household budgets. Understanding terms ending in '-hi' is fundamental for managing personal finances, budgeting, and discussing financial matters with family or colleagues.
Memory Tip
Think of '-hi' as 'heavy' costs you have to carry. The noun before it tells you what kind of 'heavy' cost it is, like food ('shoku') or travel ('koutsuu').
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions「~費」は、主に名詞に付きます。例えば、「食」「交通」「学」などの名詞に付いて、「食費」「交通費」「学費」のように使われます。
「~費」は、ある目的のためにかかる「費用」や「経費」全体を指すことが多いです。「~代」は、商品やサービス自体の「価格」を指すことが多いです。例えば、電気代は電気の価格ですが、光熱費は電気代やガス代などを含めた費用全体を指します。
はい、例えば「食費」(食料品にかかるお金)、「交通費」(移動にかかるお金)、「家賃」(住居にかかるお金)、「交際費」(人付き合いにかかるお金)、「娯楽費」(楽しみにかかるお金)などがあります。
はい、よく使われます。「食費は月5万円です。」のように、具体的な金額を示す際に「~費」が使われます。
Test Yourself
毎月の食料品の購入にかかるお金は( )です。
「食料品の購入にかかるお金」は「食費」と表現するのが最も適切です。
「彼は毎月、趣味に多くのお金を使っている。」
「趣味」は楽しみや娯楽に関連するため、「娯楽費」が最も適切な表現です。
私 / 毎月 / の / かかる / 交通費 / は / 約 / 1万円 / です
「私 の 毎月 の 交通費」が主語となり、「約 1万円 です」で締めくくるのが最も自然な語順です。
Score: /3
Summary
The suffix '-hi' denotes the cost or expense associated with a particular noun.
- Cost or expense related to a specific purpose.
- Used by attaching to nouns.
- Common in daily life and business.
Understand the Noun First
To understand '-hi' words, first identify the noun it's attached to. This noun tells you what the expense is for.
Think of it as 'Cost of X'
You can think of 'Noun + 費' as the 'cost of Noun' or 'expenses for Noun'.
Not for Services Alone
While '-hi' can include service costs, it often implies a broader range of expenses related to an activity, unlike '-dai' which can be just the price of a service.
Budgeting and Planning
Understanding various '-hi' terms is crucial for personal finance and budgeting in Japan, allowing for better tracking of spending.
Examples
4 of 4毎月の食費を節約しなければならない。
I have to save on monthly food expenses.
出張の際の交通費は会社が負担します。
The company will cover the transportation expenses for business trips.
このゲーム、結構課金しちゃって、娯楽費がかさんでるんだよね。
I've spent quite a lot on in-app purchases for this game, so my entertainment expenses are piling up.
研究室の運営には、実験器具の購入費や維持費が含まれる。
The operating costs of the laboratory include the purchase and maintenance expenses for experimental equipment.
Related Content
Related Vocabulary
More general words
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
~について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
~ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
ごろ
A2About, approximately (time).
うえ
A2At a higher position than.
絶対
B1Absolutely; definitely; never.
絶対に
B1Absolutely; definitely.