〜ばかりでなく in 30 Seconds
- Connects two related points, meaning 'not only... but also...'.
- Expands on a topic by adding a second, often important, element.
- Used for nouns, verbs (plain form), and adjectives.
- Common in formal and informal Japanese.
The Japanese phrase 〜ばかりでなく (bakari de naku) is a grammatical structure used to connect two clauses or phrases, indicating that the first part is not the only thing that applies, but also the second part is true. It translates to 'not only... but also...' or 'not just... but also...'. This structure is incredibly useful for adding emphasis and elaborating on a point by introducing additional information or aspects. It's commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese across various registers, from casual conversations to formal presentations and academic writing. The nuance is that it highlights that the scope of the statement extends beyond the initial point.
- Core Meaning
- Adds a second, often more significant, element to the first part of a statement.
- Usage Scenarios
- Used to list multiple attributes, actions, or situations that are all relevant. It's a way to build a more comprehensive picture or argument.
This book is interesting not only in its story, but also in its historical context.
When you want to emphasize that something has multiple qualities, benefits, or aspects, this phrase is your go-to. For example, if you're describing a product, you might say it's not only affordable but also high-quality. In a personal narrative, you might explain that you learned a skill not only from books but also through practical experience. The structure typically follows a pattern where the first element (noun, verb in plain form, or adjective) is followed by は (wa) or も (mo) before 〜ばかりでなく, and then the second element is presented.
- Connecting Ideas
- It's a flexible connector that can join various grammatical elements, making it a staple in constructing more complex sentences and conveying detailed information smoothly.
- Emphasis and Scope
- The phrase inherently adds emphasis by suggesting that the topic has more facets than initially apparent, thereby broadening the reader's or listener's understanding.
She is talented not only as a singer, but also as a composer.
Understanding 〜ばかりでなく is crucial for comprehending nuanced Japanese expressions. It allows for the construction of sentences that are rich in detail and provide a more complete picture of a subject. The ability to effectively use this phrase will significantly enhance your fluency and your capacity to express complex ideas in Japanese.
The grammatical structure of 〜ばかりでなく is quite versatile, allowing it to connect various parts of speech. The most common pattern involves attaching it after a noun, a verb in its plain form (dictionary form or past tense), or an adjective. Often, the preceding element is followed by a particle like は (wa) or も (mo) for clearer connection and emphasis.
- Noun + は/も + ばかりでなく
- This is a very frequent pattern. The first noun describes one aspect, and the phrase introduces another.
Example:このレストランは、料理 ばかりでなく、雰囲気も素晴らしい。
Translation: This restaurant is wonderful, not only for its food, but also for its atmosphere. - Verb (Plain Form) + ばかりでなく
- When connecting verbs, the plain form is used. This highlights two actions or states.
Example:彼は日本語を話す ばかりでなく、書くこともできる。
Translation: He can not only speak Japanese, but also write it. - Adjective (i-adjective) + ばかりでなく
- For i-adjectives, the adjective itself is used directly before 〜ばかりでなく.
Example:この問題は難しい ばかりでなく、時間もかかる。
Translation: This problem is not only difficult, but also time-consuming. - Adjective (na-adjective) + な + ばかりでなく
- For na-adjectives, the particle な (na) is inserted between the adjective and 〜ばかりでなく.
Example:彼女は親切な ばかりでなく、とても賢い。
Translation: She is not only kind, but also very smart.
The structure can also be used to connect clauses. In such cases, the first clause is often presented as a fact or a situation, and 〜ばかりでなく introduces an additional related fact or situation. This allows for the creation of more elaborate and detailed sentences, which is common in formal writing and speeches. The key is to ensure the elements being connected are logically related and contribute to a broader point. Mastering these patterns will enable you to express more complex thoughts and ideas in Japanese, moving beyond simple sentence structures.
- Connecting Clauses
- When connecting two full clauses, the first clause is usually stated, and then 〜ばかりでなく is used to introduce the second clause.
Example:この都市は経済的に発展している ばかりでなく、文化も豊かだ。
Translation: This city is not only developing economically, but also rich in culture. - Emphasis on Addition
- The phrase is effective in situations where you want to highlight that the first point is true, but there's more to consider. This adds depth to your communication.
Example:彼は仕事ができる ばかりでなく、チームをまとめる力もある。
Translation: He is not only capable at his job, but also has the ability to unite the team.
You'll encounter 〜ばかりでなく in a wide array of real-life situations in Japan, reflecting its utility in everyday communication. It’s a phrase that adds richness and detail to descriptions, explanations, and arguments.
- News and Documentaries
- News anchors and documentary narrators frequently use this phrase to present multifaceted information. For instance, when discussing a social issue, they might say it affects not only a specific demographic but also the broader community.
Example:この政策は、国民の生活 ばかりでなく、国の経済にも大きな影響を与えるだろう。
Translation: This policy will likely have a significant impact not only on the lives of the citizens but also on the country's economy. - Business Presentations and Meetings
- In a professional setting, presenters use this to highlight the comprehensive benefits of a product or service, or the multiple facets of a strategy.
Example:我々の新製品は、機能性 ばかりでなく、デザイン性にも優れています。
Translation: Our new product excels not only in functionality but also in design. - Academic Lectures and Discussions
- Professors and students use it to connect different theories, research findings, or aspects of a subject.
Example:この現象は、物理的な要因 ばかりでなく、社会的な要因も関わっていると考えられる。
Translation: This phenomenon is considered to involve not only physical factors but also social factors. - Casual Conversations
- Among friends and family, it's used to describe people, places, or experiences that have multiple positive (or sometimes negative) attributes.
Example:あの映画は面白かった ばかりでなく、感動的だったよ。
Translation: That movie was not only interesting, but also moving! - Travel and Tourism
- When describing tourist destinations, guides might highlight attractions that offer more than just one type of experience.
Example:この公園は、美しい自然 ばかりでなく、歴史的な建造物も楽しめる。
Translation: In this park, you can enjoy not only beautiful nature but also historical structures.
While 〜ばかりでなく is a powerful tool, learners sometimes make mistakes that can lead to awkward phrasing or miscommunication. Being aware of these common pitfalls can help you use the structure more accurately.
- Incorrect Particle Usage
- Mistake: Forgetting to use the correct particle (like は or も) before 〜ばかりでなく, or using an inappropriate one. Also, incorrectly attaching な to i-adjectives or omitting it with na-adjectives.
Correct: Noun + は/も + ばかりでなく, Verb (plain) + ばかりでなく, i-adjective + ばかりでなく, na-adjective + な + ばかりでなく.
Example:Incorrect: 彼は日本語 ばかりでなく、英語も話す。
Correct: 彼は日本語 を話す ばかりでなく、英語も話す。(He speaks Japanese not only, but also English.) - This is still not perfect. The most natural phrasing would be: 彼は日本語 を話す だけでなく、英語 も 話す。(He speaks Japanese not only, but also English.) Here we see the importance of the preceding verb or noun structure.
- Overusing 〜ばかり
- Mistake: Confusing 〜ばかりでなく with other similar structures or simply using 〜ばかり inappropriately. 〜ばかり can mean 'only', 'just', or 'about to'.
Correct: Use 〜ばかりでなく specifically for the 'not only... but also' meaning.
Example:Incorrect: この本は面白い ばかり、役に立つ。
Correct: この本は面白い ばかりでなく、役に立つ。(This book is not only interesting, but also useful.) - Connecting Unrelated Ideas
- Mistake: Trying to connect two ideas that don't logically follow each other or are not of similar grammatical weight, making the sentence sound forced.
Correct: Ensure the two parts being connected are thematically linked and contribute to a coherent overall statement.
Example:Incorrect: 彼は走る ばかりでなく、空を飛ぶ。
Correct: While grammatically possible, the second part is fantastical. A more natural use would be: 彼は走る のが速い ばかりでなく、持久力もある。(He is not only fast at running, but also has stamina.) - Omitting the Second Part
- Mistake: Using 〜ばかりでなく and then not providing the second part of the comparison or addition, leaving the sentence incomplete or confusing.
Correct: Always ensure there is a second element following 〜ばかりでなく that completes the intended meaning.
Example:Incorrect: この料理は美味しい ばかりでなく。
Correct: この料理は美味しい ばかりでなく、健康的だ。(This dish is not only delicious, but also healthy.)
Japanese offers several ways to express the idea of 'not only... but also...'. While 〜ばかりでなく is common and versatile, understanding its alternatives can help you choose the most appropriate expression for different contexts and nuances.
- 〜だけでなく (dake de naku)
- Similarity: This is perhaps the most direct and common alternative to 〜ばかりでなく. It carries almost the identical meaning of 'not only... but also...'.
Difference: Often considered slightly more neutral or standard than 〜ばかりでなく. While 〜ばかりでなく can sometimes imply a sense of 'just this and nothing more' before introducing the second part, 〜だけでなく is more straightforward.
Example:彼は英語 だけでなく、フランス語も話せる。
Translation: He speaks not only English, but also French. - 〜のみならず (nomi narazu)
- Similarity: Also means 'not only... but also...'.
Difference: This expression is more formal and literary than 〜ばかりでなく or 〜だけでなく. It's often found in written Japanese, speeches, or more official contexts. It can sound a bit stiff in casual conversation.
Example:この問題は、個人 のみならず、社会全体に関わる。
Translation: This issue concerns not only individuals but also society as a whole. - 〜にとどまらず (ni todomarazu)
- Similarity: Expresses that something extends beyond a certain point or scope.
Difference: This phrase literally means 'not stopping at' or 'not limited to'. It implies that the scope goes further than the first element. It's often used when discussing effects, influence, or reach.
Example:彼の影響は、国内 にとどまらず、海外にも及んだ。
Translation: His influence did not stop at the domestic level, but also extended overseas. - 〜ばかりか (bakari ka)
- Similarity: Shares the 'ばかり' component and often conveys a similar 'not only' idea.
Difference: 〜ばかりか often carries a stronger sense of surprise or emphasis on the second part, suggesting that the first part is almost an understatement. It can also imply 'not just that, but even more so'.
Example:彼女は美しい ばかりか、頭も良い。
Translation: She is not only beautiful, but also intelligent (with an implication of surprise or emphasis on the intelligence). - And Simple Conjunctions
- Similarity: Can be used to connect two ideas.
Difference: Simple conjunctions like そして (and) or また (also) can connect two points, but they lack the specific 'not only... but also...' emphasis and the sense of progression or addition that 〜ばかりでなく provides. They are more straightforward connectors.
Example:この本は面白い。そして、役に立つ。
Translation: This book is interesting. And it is useful. (This lacks the emphasis of 〜ばかりでなく.)
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The 'bakari' in the phrase can sometimes carry a slight nuance of 'that's not all' or 'there's more to it than just that', which adds a subtle flavor to the 'not only... but also...' meaning, hinting at further elaboration.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'de' as 'dei' or 'dai'.
- Not giving enough emphasis to 'bakari'.
- Omitting the final 'u' sound in 'naku'.
Difficulty Rating
Understanding 〜ばかりでなく in reading requires recognizing its conjunctive function and identifying the two elements being connected. The complexity increases with the length and complexity of the clauses or phrases it connects, especially in academic or literary texts.
Using 〜ばかりでなく correctly in writing involves accurate particle usage and ensuring the grammatical parallelism between the connected elements. Overuse or incorrect placement can lead to awkward sentences.
In spoken Japanese, learners need to be able to recall and apply the structure quickly. Correct pronunciation and natural flow are key. It's a common phrase, so hearing it used in conversation aids learning.
Recognizing 〜ばかりでなく in spoken Japanese helps in understanding the speaker's intent to add more information or elaborate on a point. Its presence signals that the listener should expect further details.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Connecting clauses with conjunctions.
The phrase 〜ばかりでなく acts as a conjunction to link two independent or dependent clauses, expanding on the initial statement.
Plain form of verbs and adjectives.
〜ばかりでなく often follows verbs in their plain form (dictionary form or past tense) and adjectives directly (or with な for na-adjectives).
Use of particles は (wa) and も (mo).
Particles like は or も are frequently used before 〜ばかりでなく to mark the preceding noun or pronoun, adding clarity and emphasis.
Grammatical parallelism.
For clarity and naturalness, the elements connected by 〜ばかりでなく should ideally be of similar grammatical form (e.g., noun with noun, verb with verb).
Contrast vs. Addition.
While 〜ばかりでなく signifies addition ('not only... but also...'), other conjunctions like 〜が (ga) or 〜けれども (keredomo) express contrast ('but', 'although').
Examples by Level
これはペンです。
This is a pen.
これは本です。
This is a book.
これは机です。
This is a desk.
これは椅子です。
This is a chair.
これは猫です。
This is a cat.
これは犬です。
This is a dog.
これは車です。
This is a car.
これは家です。
This is a house.
彼は学生です。
He is a student.
Describes a person's occupation.
彼女は先生です。
She is a teacher.
Describes a person's occupation.
この料理はおいしいです。
This dish is delicious.
Describes the taste of food.
この映画は面白いです。
This movie is interesting.
Describes the quality of entertainment.
この本は新しいです。
This book is new.
Describes the condition of an object.
この部屋は広いです。
This room is spacious.
Describes the size of a space.
このペンは高いです。
This pen is expensive.
Describes the cost of an item.
この公園はきれいです。
This park is beautiful/clean.
Describes the appearance of a place.
このレストランは、料理 ばかりでなく、雰囲気も素晴らしい。
This restaurant is wonderful, not only for its food, but also for its atmosphere.
Connects two nouns (料理 and 雰囲気) to describe multiple positive attributes of a restaurant.
彼は日本語を話す ばかりでなく、書くこともできる。
He can not only speak Japanese, but also write it.
Connects two verb phrases (話す and 書く) to describe a person's multifaceted language skills.
この問題は難しい ばかりでなく、時間もかかる。
This problem is not only difficult, but also time-consuming.
Connects two i-adjectives (難しい and 時間がかかる - implied verb) to describe the challenging nature of a problem.
彼女は親切な ばかりでなく、とても賢い。
She is not only kind, but also very smart.
Connects a na-adjective (親切な) and an i-adjective (賢い) to describe a person's character traits.
この都市は経済的に発展している ばかりでなく、文化も豊かだ。
This city is not only developing economically, but also rich in culture.
Connects two clauses (経済的に発展している and 文化も豊かだ) to describe a city's dual strengths.
彼は仕事ができる ばかりでなく、チームをまとめる力もある。
He is not only capable at his job, but also has the ability to unite the team.
Connects two verb phrases (仕事ができる and チームをまとめる力がある) to describe a person's professional and leadership skills.
この公園は、美しい自然 ばかりでなく、歴史的な建造物も楽しめる。
In this park, you can enjoy not only beautiful nature but also historical structures.
Connects two nouns (自然 and 建造物) to describe the diverse attractions of a park.
この本は面白い ばかりでなく、役に立つ。
This book is not only interesting, but also useful.
Connects an i-adjective (面白い) and a verb phrase (役に立つ) to describe a book's dual benefits.
この政策は、国民の生活 ばかりでなく、国の経済にも大きな影響を与えるだろう。
This policy will likely have a significant impact not only on the lives of the citizens but also on the country's economy.
Connects two noun phrases (国民の生活 and 国の経済) to describe the wide-ranging effects of a policy.
我々の新製品は、機能性 ばかりでなく、デザイン性にも優れています。
Our new product excels not only in functionality but also in design.
Connects two nouns (機能性 and デザイン性) to emphasize the dual strengths of a product.
この現象は、物理的な要因 ばかりでなく、社会的な要因も関わっていると考えられる。
This phenomenon is considered to involve not only physical factors but also social factors.
Connects two noun phrases (物理的な要因 and 社会的な要因) in an academic context to explain a complex phenomenon.
彼女は美しい ばかりか、頭も良い。
She is not only beautiful, but also intelligent (with an implication of surprise or emphasis on the intelligence).
Uses 〜ばかりか to connect an i-adjective (美しい) and a noun phrase (頭が良い), implying surprise or greater emphasis on the second attribute.
彼の影響は、国内 にとどまらず、海外にも及んだ。
His influence did not stop at the domestic level, but also extended overseas.
Uses 〜にとどまらず to connect two locations (国内 and 海外) to show the extent of influence.
この技術は、医療分野 ばかりでなく、産業界にも革新をもたらすだろう。
This technology will bring innovation not only to the medical field but also to the industrial sector.
Connects two noun phrases (医療分野 and 産業界) to describe the broad impact of a technology.
その作家は、物語の巧みさ ばかりでなく、詩的な表現力でも高く評価されている。
That author is highly praised not only for the skill of their stories but also for their poetic expressiveness.
Connects two noun phrases (物語の巧みさ and 詩的な表現力) to describe an author's multiple talents.
環境問題は、単に自然保護 ばかりでなく、経済活動との両立も問われている。
Environmental problems are not just about nature conservation, but also about balancing them with economic activities.
Connects a noun phrase (自然保護) with a clause about balancing (経済活動との両立) to highlight the complexity of environmental issues.
彼のスピーチは、論理的な構成 ばかりでなく、聴衆の感情に訴えかける力強さも兼ね備えていた。
His speech possessed not only a logical structure but also a powerful ability to appeal to the audience's emotions.
Connects two abstract noun phrases (論理的な構成 and 聴衆の感情に訴えかける力強さ) to provide a sophisticated analysis of a speech.
この地域は、豊かな自然 だけでなく、独自の文化や歴史的遺産も有しており、観光客を魅了してやまない。
This region possesses not only abundant nature but also a unique culture and historical heritage, which endlessly captivates tourists.
Employs 〜だけでなく (a close synonym) to connect multiple descriptive elements of a tourist destination, emphasizing its comprehensive appeal.
現代社会は、情報技術の進歩 にとどまらず、人々の価値観やライフスタイルにも profound な変革をもたらしている。
Modern society is bringing about profound changes not only in the advancement of information technology but also in people's values and lifestyles.
Uses 〜にとどまらず to show that the impact of technological advancement extends beyond its direct applications to fundamental societal aspects.
その芸術家の作品は、単なる美的な だけでなく、社会的なメッセージ性をも内包している。
The artist's works contain not only aesthetic value but also social messages.
Uses 〜だけでなく to highlight that the art's significance goes beyond its visual appeal to encompass deeper meanings.
このプロジェクトの成功は、計画の緻密さ ばかりでなく、関係者全員の協力があってこそ実現したと言える。
The success of this project can be attributed not only to the meticulous planning but also to the cooperation of all stakeholders.
Connects abstract concepts (計画の緻密さ and 関係者全員の協力) to provide a nuanced explanation for a successful outcome.
教育は、知識の伝達 ばかりでなく、人格形成や社会性の育成にも不可欠な役割を果たす。
Education plays an indispensable role not only in the transmission of knowledge but also in character development and the cultivation of social skills.
Connects different aspects of education (知識の伝達 and 人格形成・社会性の育成) to define its comprehensive importance.
その企業の持続的な成長は、革新的な技術開発 のみならず、顧客との強固な信頼関係の構築にも支えられている。
The company's sustained growth is supported not only by innovative technological development but also by the establishment of strong trusting relationships with customers.
Uses the formal 〜のみならず to connect technological advancement and customer relations as key factors for business growth.
この小説の魅力は、その独創的なストーリー展開 ばかりか、登場人物たちの繊細な心理描写にもある。
The charm of this novel lies not only in its original plot development but also in the delicate psychological portrayal of its characters.
Uses 〜ばかりか to connect plot development and character psychology, implying that the latter adds an even more compelling layer of appeal.
グローバル化の進展は、経済的な相互依存 ばかりでなく、文化的な交流や価値観の変容といった、より広範な社会的影響をもたらしている。
The advancement of globalization is bringing about broader social impacts, not only economic interdependence but also cultural exchange and transformations in values.
Connects abstract concepts related to globalization (economic, cultural, values) to provide a comprehensive sociological analysis.
その芸術家の表現手法は、伝統的な技法 にとどまらず、革新的なメディアやテクノロジーを積極的に取り入れることで、新たな芸術の地平を切り拓いている。
The artist's methods of expression are not limited to traditional techniques but are also pioneering new artistic horizons by actively incorporating innovative media and technology.
Uses 〜にとどまらず to illustrate how the artist transcends conventional boundaries by integrating new technologies into their work.
歴史的建造物の保存は、単なる過去の遺産 ばかりでなく、現代社会における文化的アイデンティティの形成や、将来世代への教育的価値をも担っている。
The preservation of historical buildings is not merely about past heritage, but also carries educational value for future generations and plays a role in shaping cultural identity in contemporary society.
Connects the tangible aspect of heritage with its intangible cultural and educational significance, highlighting the multifaceted importance of preservation.
この小説の深遠さは、その複雑なプロット のみならず、登場人物たちが直面する existential な葛藤や、作者の哲学的洞察にも起因している。
The profoundness of this novel stems not only from its complex plot but also from the existential conflicts faced by its characters and the author's philosophical insights.
Employs the formal 〜のみならず to link plot, character psychology, and philosophical themes, providing a thorough literary analysis.
現代の教育システムは、学術的知識の習得 ばかりでなく、批判的思考力、創造性、そして共感力といった、より包括的な能力の育成を重視する傾向にある。
Modern educational systems tend to emphasize not only the acquisition of academic knowledge but also the development of more comprehensive abilities such as critical thinking, creativity, and empathy.
Connects traditional academic goals with modern pedagogical emphases on holistic development.
その企業の社会的責任（CSR）活動は、単なる慈善事業 ばかりでなく、事業戦略の中核として位置づけられ、ブランドイメージの向上や持続可能な社会の実現に貢献している。
The company's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities are not merely charitable endeavors but are positioned as core to its business strategy, contributing to brand image enhancement and the realization of a sustainable society.
Highlights the strategic integration of CSR beyond simple philanthropy, connecting it to business objectives and societal impact.
この都市の魅力は、その最先端のテクノロジー ばかりか、古き良き伝統が息づく風情ある街並み、そして人々のおおらかさといった、多層的な要素が融合している点にある。
The charm of this city lies not only in its cutting-edge technology but also in its atmospheric streets where good old traditions live on, and the generosity of its people—a fusion of multi-layered elements.
Uses 〜ばかりか to emphasize the blend of modern and traditional aspects, including human qualities, that define the city's unique appeal.
科学技術の進歩は、人類に計り知れない恩恵をもたらす 一方で、倫理的な課題や環境への影響といった、新たなリスクも提起している。
While the advancement of science and technology brings immeasurable benefits to humanity, it also poses new risks such as ethical challenges and environmental impacts.
While not directly using 〜ばかりでなく, this sentence uses the contrasting conjunction 〜一方で to present two sides of a coin, similar in function to presenting dual aspects of a topic.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— This is the most standard way to use the phrase, connecting two elements of equal or similar importance.
このレストランは、料理 ばかりでなく、サービス も良い。 This restaurant has not only good food, but also good service.
— Used for emphasis when listing more than two items, creating a sense of 'not only X, but also Y, and furthermore Z'.
彼は日本語 ばかりでなく、英語 だけでなく、中国語も勉強している。 He is studying not only Japanese, but also Chinese.
— Emphasizes that the second item is an addition to the first, often highlighting an extra benefit or feature.
この製品は、機能性 ばかりでなく、デザイン性 に加えて、価格も魅力的だ。 This product is not only functional, but also has an attractive design and price.
— A more literary way to emphasize the importance of both the first and second points, suggesting they are both noteworthy.
彼の才能 ばかりでなく、努力 もさることながら、彼の人間性も素晴らしい。 Not only his talent, but also his effort, and his character are wonderful.
— Similar to the basic pattern, but '〜もまた' adds a slightly more formal or literary tone to the second part.
この映画は、面白かった ばかりでなく、感動的 でもあった。 This movie was not only interesting, but also moving.
— A general pattern to list two positive attributes.
この地域は、自然 ばかりでなく、文化 も豊かだ。 This region has not only nature, but also culture.
— Used to describe a person's multifaceted abilities.
彼女は、歌 ばかりでなく、ダンス も得意だ。 She is good not only at singing, but also at dancing.
— To highlight that something has both practical and aesthetic value.
この家具は、実用的 ばかりでなく、デザイン も優れている。 This furniture is not only practical, but also has excellent design.
— To describe a place that offers multiple types of attractions.
この都市は、ビジネス ばかりでなく、観光 にも適している。 This city is suitable not only for business, but also for tourism.
— To emphasize that a situation has multiple causes or effects.
この問題は、経済的要因 ばかりでなく、社会的要因 も影響している。 This problem is influenced not only by economic factors, but also by social factors.
Often Confused With
This is the most common synonym and is often interchangeable. 〜ばかりでなく can sometimes carry a slightly more emphatic or nuanced tone, but in most cases, they function identically.
〜ばかり on its own has different meanings, such as 'only', 'just', or 'about to'. It is crucial not to confuse this standalone particle with the conjunctive phrase 〜ばかりでなく.
Similar to 〜ばかり, 〜だけ means 'only' or 'just'. It does not function as a conjunction for 'not only... but also...' on its own.
Easily Confused
Both phrases mean 'not only... but also...' and are used in very similar grammatical structures.
〜ばかりでなく can sometimes imply a slight emphasis on the second part or a sense of 'that's not all'. 〜だけでなく is generally considered more neutral and straightforward. In many contexts, they are interchangeable, but 〜だけでなく might be preferred in more formal writing.
彼は日本語 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、英語も話せる。 彼は日本語 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>だけでなく</mark>、英語も話せる。 (Both sentences mean 'He speaks not only Japanese but also English.')
This phrase also means 'not only... but also...' and is used to connect two elements.
〜のみならず is significantly more formal and literary than 〜ばかりでなく. It is typically found in academic texts, formal speeches, or written documents, and sounds unnatural in casual conversation. 〜ばかりでなく is versatile across registers.
この問題は、個人 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>のみならず</mark>、社会全体に関わる。 This problem concerns <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> individuals <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> society as a whole. (Formal) This is less common in casual speech than 〜ばかりでなく.
Shares the 'bakari' component and often conveys a similar 'not only' meaning.
〜ばかりか tends to imply a stronger sense of surprise or emphasis on the second element, suggesting 'not just that, but even more so'. It can be used to highlight that the second part is even more remarkable or unexpected than the first. 〜ばかりでなく is more neutral in presenting two co-equal points.
彼女は美しい <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりか</mark>、頭も良い。 She is <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> beautiful, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> intelligent (with emphasis on the intelligence).
Both phrases indicate that something extends beyond a single point.
〜にとどまらず literally means 'not stopping at' or 'not limited to', emphasizing that the scope goes further than the first element. It's often used for influence, effects, or reach. 〜ばかりでなく is a more general 'not only... but also...' connector for listing attributes or actions.
彼の影響は、国内 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>にとどまらず</mark>、海外にも及んだ。 His influence did <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not stop at</mark> the domestic level, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> extended overseas.
Both are used to connect parts of a sentence or different sentences.
そして is a simple conjunction meaning 'and'. It connects two pieces of information without the specific emphasis of 'not only... but also...'. 〜ばかりでなく explicitly highlights that the first point is true and adds a second, related point.
この本は面白い。そして、役に立つ。 This book is interesting. And it is useful. (Simple connection) この本は面白い <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、役に立つ。 This book is <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> interesting, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> useful. (Emphasizes both qualities).
Sentence Patterns
Noun + は + ばかりでなく + Noun + も
この果物は、甘い <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、栄養 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>もある</mark>。 This fruit is <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> sweet, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> nutritious.
Verb (plain) + ばかりでなく + Verb (plain) + も
彼は走る <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、跳ぶ <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>こともできる</mark>。 He can <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> run, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> jump.
i-Adjective + ばかりでなく + i-Adjective + も
この映画は、面白い <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、感動的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>でもある</mark>。 This movie is <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> interesting, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> moving.
na-Adjective + な + ばかりでなく + na-Adjective + な + も
彼女は、親切な <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、丁寧な <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>人でもある</mark>。 She is <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> kind, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> a polite person.
Clause 1 + ばかりでなく + Clause 2
この都市は、経済的に発展している <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、文化も豊かだ。 This city is <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> developing economically, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> rich in culture.
Noun + ばかりでなく + Noun + もさることながら + Noun + も
この製品は、機能性 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、デザイン性 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>もさることながら</mark>、価格 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>も魅力的だ</mark>。 This product is <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> functional, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> has an attractive design and price.
Abstract Noun Phrase + ばかりでなく + Abstract Noun Phrase + も
彼の成功は、才能 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、努力 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>も大きい</mark>。 His success is due <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> to talent, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> to great effort.
Clause 1 + ばかりでなく + Clause 2 (with extended meaning)
この技術は、医療分野 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、産業界にも革新をもたらすだろう。 This technology will bring innovation <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> to the medical field, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> to the industrial sector.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
Very High
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Forgetting the second part of the comparison.
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The structure requires two parts. Always ensure there's a second element following 〜ばかりでなく.
Using 〜ばかりでなく and then ending the sentence without providing the second point makes the sentence incomplete and confusing. For example, 'This book is interesting <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark>...' is grammatically incomplete.
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Incorrect particle usage before 〜ばかりでなく.
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Nouns are often followed by は (wa) or も (mo). Verbs and adjectives are typically used directly (with な for na-adjectives).
Forgetting to use particles like は or も after nouns, or incorrectly using them, can lead to awkward phrasing. For example, '彼は日本語 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、英語も話す' is less natural than '彼は日本語 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>を話す</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>だけでなく</mark>、英語 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>も</mark> 話す'.
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Confusing 〜ばかりでなく with 〜ばかり (only/just).
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Remember that 〜ばかりでなく is a conjunctive phrase meaning 'not only... but also...', while 〜ばかり alone has different meanings.
Using 〜ばかり when you mean 〜ばかりでなく can completely change the meaning of the sentence. For instance, 'This book is <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>just</mark> interesting' (この本は面白い <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかり</mark>) is different from 'This book is <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> interesting <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> useful' (この本は面白い <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、役に立つ).
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Using it to connect unrelated ideas.
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Ensure the two elements connected by 〜ばかりでなく are logically related and contribute to a coherent statement.
Trying to connect two completely disparate ideas can make the sentence sound forced or nonsensical. For example, 'He can run <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark>, <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> fly.' (While grammatically possible, it's a fantastical connection unless used metaphorically).
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Using it in overly casual speech where simpler conjunctions suffice.
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While 〜ばかりでなく is common, sometimes simpler connectors like そして (and) or また (also) might be more natural if the emphasis of 'not only... but also...' isn't strictly necessary.
Overusing complex structures can make speech sound unnatural. If you just want to add a second piece of information without emphasizing the dual nature, a simpler conjunction might be better. For example, 'He is kind. <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>Also</mark>, he is smart.' (彼は親切です。 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>また</mark>、賢いです。) might be preferred over 'He is <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>not only</mark> kind <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>but also</mark> smart.' (彼は親切 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、賢いです。) if the emphasis isn't needed.
Tips
Focus on Parallelism
For clearer and more natural-sounding sentences, try to connect elements of similar grammatical structure. For instance, if you start with a noun, connect it to another noun, or a verb to another verb, and so on. This grammatical parallelism makes the sentence easier to understand.
Chunk and Connect
When learning new vocabulary, try to connect it to known phrases. Think of 〜ばかりでなく as a 'bridge' that connects two related ideas. Practice building sentences by first identifying two related points and then using this bridge to link them.
Sentence Building Challenge
Take a simple sentence and try to expand it using 〜ばかりでなく. For example, start with 'The park is beautiful.' Then add another feature: 'The park is not only beautiful but also has a great playground.' This active practice helps solidify the structure.
Active Listening for Structure
When listening to Japanese, actively listen for the phrase 〜ばかりでなく. Try to predict what the second part of the sentence will be. This trains your ear to recognize the pattern and its function in conveying information.
Register Awareness
Be mindful of the context. While 〜ばかりでなく is widely usable, in very formal academic or literary contexts, 〜だけでなく or 〜のみならず might be more appropriate. In very casual chat, informal variations might be used.
Particle Check
Pay close attention to the particles (like は or も) that often precede 〜ばかりでなく, especially when connecting nouns. These particles help clarify the grammatical role of the preceding element and contribute to the overall meaning.
Expand Your List
Learn phrases that often follow 〜ばかりでなく. For example, learning common adjectives and verbs that describe positive qualities will help you construct more varied and interesting sentences.
Compare with Synonyms
Actively compare 〜ばかりでなく with its synonyms like 〜だけでなく and 〜のみならず. Understanding their subtle differences in nuance and formality will help you choose the most fitting expression for any given situation.
Use in Your Own Writing
The best way to master any grammatical structure is to use it. Try writing your own sentences and short paragraphs using 〜ばかりでなく. Get feedback from a tutor or language partner if possible.
Understand the 'More Than Just' Aspect
Think of 〜ばかりでなく as meaning 'it's not *just* this one thing; there's also this other important thing.' This 'more than just' aspect helps emphasize the additional element being introduced.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine you have a plate of delicious cake (the first part). You think, 'This cake is good, but that's not all!' (bakari de naku). Then, you see a second plate with even more amazing desserts (the second part). So, it's 'not only cake, but also more desserts!'
Visual Association
Picture a scale. On one side, you place 'Only this' (ばかり). Then, you add a 'de naku' (not) to say it's not *just* that side. Finally, you add the other side of the scale, representing 'but also'.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe your favorite hobby using 〜ばかりでなく. For example, 'My hobby is reading books not only for fun but also to learn new things.'
Word Origin
The phrase 〜ばかりでなく originates from the combination of the noun/adverb 'ばかり' (bakari), which means 'only' or 'just', and the negative form of the verb 'だ' (da) or 'ある' (aru), which is 'でない' (denai) or 'なく' (naku). So, literally, it means 'not just only (this)'. Over time, it evolved to function as a conjunction for 'not only... but also...'.
Original meaning: Not limited to just this.
Japonic languagesCultural Context
This phrase is generally neutral and can be used in most contexts. However, the specific items being connected should be considered for appropriateness in sensitive discussions.
In English, we often use 'not only... but also...' or 'both... and...' to convey a similar meaning. The Japanese phrase 〜ばかりでなく serves a parallel function in expanding upon a statement by adding a second element.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Describing a person's qualities or skills.
- 彼は頭が良い <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、優しい。
- 彼女は仕事ができる <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、リーダーシップもある。
Highlighting the benefits or features of a product or service.
- この製品は、機能的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、デザインも優れている。
- このレストランは、料理 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、サービスも良い。
Explaining complex issues or phenomena.
- この問題は、経済的側面 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、社会的側面も考慮する必要がある。
- この現象は、物理的要因 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、心理的要因も関わっている。
Describing places or travel destinations.
- この都市は、歴史的建造物 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、現代的な魅力もある。
- この公園は、自然 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、文化的なイベントも楽しめる。
Comparing or contrasting different aspects.
- この本は、面白い <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、ためになる。
- 彼は、才能がある <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかりでなく</mark>、努力家でもある。
Conversation Starters
"What's something you're good at, not only in one area but in multiple ways?"
"Can you describe a place you've visited that had not only beautiful scenery but also interesting cultural aspects?"
"When you recommend something, what are the 'not only... but also...' reasons you give?"
"Think about a skill you've learned. What were not only the initial steps but also the later stages of learning?"
"What are some of the 'not only... but also...' challenges you face when learning Japanese?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a recent experience that was not only challenging but also rewarding. Use 〜ばかりでなく to connect these aspects.
Reflect on a person you admire. What are their qualities? Use 〜ばかりでなく to list at least two of them.
Think about a goal you have. What are the different reasons you want to achieve it? Use 〜ばかりでなく to express these motivations.
Describe your favorite food. What makes it special? Use 〜ばかりでなく to talk about its taste, texture, or other appealing qualities.
Consider a place you'd like to visit. What are the attractions? Use 〜ばかりでなく to describe at least two different reasons why you want to go there.
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe most common and direct synonym for 〜ばかりでなく is 〜だけでなく (dake de naku). Both phrases mean 'not only... but also...' and are widely interchangeable in most contexts. 〜だけでなく is often perceived as slightly more neutral or standard, while 〜ばかりでなく can sometimes carry a subtle nuance of emphasis on the second part or a sense of 'that's not all'.
Yes, 〜ばかりでなく can be used with verbs in their plain past tense form. For example, 彼は日本語を話した ばかりでなく、書くこともできた (He could not only speak Japanese, but also write it).
Both phrases convey 'not only... but also...'. However, 〜ばかりか often implies a stronger sense of surprise or emphasis on the second part, suggesting 'not just that, but even more so.' It highlights that the second item is perhaps more remarkable or unexpected. 〜ばかりでなく is more neutral in presenting two co-equal points.
Yes, the phrase 〜のみならず (nomi narazu) is a more formal and literary alternative. It is commonly used in academic writing, formal speeches, and official documents. While it means the same thing, it sounds too stiff for casual conversation.
While it's less common, you can theoretically connect negative clauses, though it might sound a bit awkward depending on the context. For example, 'It's not only not easy, but also difficult' (楽な ばかりでなく、難しい). It's usually used to connect positive aspects or a positive and a negative aspect, or two negative aspects in a way that emphasizes the totality of the negatives.
You can precede 〜ばかりでなく with nouns, verbs in their plain form (dictionary form or past tense), i-adjectives, and na-adjectives (with な inserted).
Yes, the structure of 〜ばかりでなく inherently implies a second part that follows. It's a conjunctive phrase, and omitting the second part would leave the sentence incomplete and confusing.
Yes, 〜ばかりでなく is commonly used in casual speech. In very informal settings, it might be shortened to 〜ばっかりでなく (~bakkari de naku) or even 〜ばっか (~bakka) when connecting nouns.
〜にとどまらず means 'not limited to' or 'not stopping at', emphasizing that the scope extends beyond the first element. It's often used for influence, effects, or reach. 〜ばかりでなく is a more general 'not only... but also...' connector for listing attributes or actions. For example, 'His influence did not stop at domestic borders' (〜にとどまらず), versus 'This city has not only economic development but also cultural richness' (〜ばかりでなく).
Particles like は (wa) or も (mo) are often used before 〜ばかりでなく, especially after nouns, to clearly mark the first element being discussed. For example, 'Noun + は + ばかりでなく' emphasizes that the noun is the first point, and there's more. 'Noun + も + ばかりでなく' can imply 'in addition to this noun, and also...'. The particle helps to clarify the grammatical relationship.
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Summary
The phrase 〜ばかりでなく is a vital grammatical tool for connecting two related ideas, signifying 'not only... but also...'. It allows for the elaboration and expansion of a statement by introducing a second, often equally or more significant, aspect. Mastering its usage will greatly enhance your ability to express complex thoughts and provide detailed descriptions in Japanese.
- Connects two related points, meaning 'not only... but also...'.
- Expands on a topic by adding a second, often important, element.
- Used for nouns, verbs (plain form), and adjectives.
- Common in formal and informal Japanese.
Focus on Parallelism
For clearer and more natural-sounding sentences, try to connect elements of similar grammatical structure. For instance, if you start with a noun, connect it to another noun, or a verb to another verb, and so on. This grammatical parallelism makes the sentence easier to understand.
Chunk and Connect
When learning new vocabulary, try to connect it to known phrases. Think of 〜ばかりでなく as a 'bridge' that connects two related ideas. Practice building sentences by first identifying two related points and then using this bridge to link them.
Sentence Building Challenge
Take a simple sentence and try to expand it using 〜ばかりでなく. For example, start with 'The park is beautiful.' Then add another feature: 'The park is not only beautiful but also has a great playground.' This active practice helps solidify the structure.
Active Listening for Structure
When listening to Japanese, actively listen for the phrase 〜ばかりでなく. Try to predict what the second part of the sentence will be. This trains your ear to recognize the pattern and its function in conveying information.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
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しばらく
B1For a while, for some time.
異変がある
B1To have an unusual change or abnormality.
異常な
B1Abnormal; unusual; irregular.
擦り傷
B1Scratch, graze, abrasion.
吸収する
B1To absorb.
禁酒
B1Abstinence from alcohol; the act of refraining from alcohol.
痛む
A2to hurt; to ache
鍼灸
B1Acupuncture and moxibustion; traditional Chinese medicine treatments.
急性的
B1Acute.
急性な
B1Acute
