The suffix -tsu is a formal way to label pain in specific body parts.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Used as a suffix to denote pain in a specific area
- Commonly attached to Sino-Japanese (on-yomi) nouns
- Used frequently in medical and formal contexts
Overview
- 1概要:接尾辞「~痛(つう)」は、漢語(音読み)の名詞の後ろに付くことで、その部位に生じている痛みを指し示す言葉です。日常会話から医学的な診断まで幅広く使われます。2) 使用パターン:基本的に「部位+痛」の形で構成されます。例えば「歯」+「痛」で「歯痛(しつう)」となります。また、特定の病名や症状として定着しているものも多いです。3) 一般的な文脈:病院での診察、薬局での相談、あるいは日常生活での体調不良を伝える際に非常に頻繁に使用されます。「頭痛がする」「腹痛がある」といった形で動詞と組み合わせて使われるのが一般的です。4) 類似語との比較:「~が痛い」という表現は口語的で誰にでも使えますが、「~痛」は少し硬い響きがあり、医学的な診断や、客観的に症状を説明する際に適しています。例えば、「頭が痛い」と言うと個人的な感覚が強調されますが、「頭痛」と言うと症状そのものを指す名詞として機能します。
Examples
昨日から頭痛がひどいです。
everydayI have had a bad headache since yesterday.
患者は腰痛を訴えています。
formalThe patient is complaining of lower back pain.
歯痛で夜も眠れませんでした。
informalI couldn't sleep at night due to a toothache.
腹痛の原因を調査する。
academicInvestigate the cause of the abdominal pain.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
頭痛薬
painkiller for headaches
慢性的な腰痛
chronic back pain
腹痛を伴う
accompanied by abdominal pain
Often Confused With
This is a phrasal construction used in daily conversation to describe physical sensations. It is more subjective and less formal than the noun-suffix form.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
The suffix -tsu is primarily used in formal or clinical contexts, such as describing medical symptoms. While it sounds professional, it can feel too distant for casual small talk. Always ensure the base noun is a Sino-Japanese word to maintain grammatical correctness.
Common Mistakes
Learners often try to attach -tsu to native Japanese words, which results in unnatural phrases. Another mistake is using it as an adjective; remember that it functions as a noun. Finally, don't overuse it in casual social settings where 'itai' is more appropriate.
Tips
Use with Sino-Japanese words
Always pair this suffix with Sino-Japanese (on-yomi) nouns. For example, use 'Zutsu' (headache) rather than trying to combine it with native Japanese words.
Formal tone check
Avoid using '~痛' in very casual settings if a simpler '~が痛い' is available. It can sound too clinical or detached in a friendly conversation.
Medical context importance
Japanese people often use these terms when filling out medical questionnaires. Knowing these terms is essential for explaining your health condition to a doctor.
Word Origin
The suffix -tsu is derived from the kanji 痛 (pain), which is a combination of the radical for 'sickness' and a phonetic component. It has been used in Japanese medical terminology for centuries.
Cultural Context
In Japan, expressing pain using these specific terms is highly valued in clinical settings for clear communication. It reflects the Japanese tendency to categorize symptoms precisely to facilitate efficient medical care.
Memory Tip
Think of 'tsu' as 'too' much pain in a specific area. It sounds like 'tsu', which helps you remember it's for 'too' much hurt in a medical sense.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questionsいいえ、すべての部位に使えるわけではありません。一般的に「頭痛」「腹痛」「歯痛」「腰痛」など、医学的・慣用的に定着しているものによく使われます。
「~が痛い」は日常的な会話で自分の感覚を伝える際に使い、「~痛」は診断名や症状を客観的に表現する際に使います。日常会話では「頭が痛い」の方が自然です。
いいえ、接尾辞であり、全体として「名詞」として機能します。そのため「頭痛がする」や「腰痛を治す」といった文構造で使われます。
基本的に漢語(音読み)の言葉と結びつきます。和語(訓読み)の部位にはあまり付かないため、語彙の組み合わせに注意が必要です。
Test Yourself
昨日からずっと___がひどくて、何も手につきません。
「頭痛」は一般的な症状として定着している言葉です。
腰が痛いことを何と言いますか?
「腰痛」が医学的・一般的な名詞表現です。
(腹痛 / おかげで / 昨日は / ひどい / 寝られなかった)
「ひどい腹痛」という修飾関係が自然です。
Score: /3
Summary
The suffix -tsu is a formal way to label pain in specific body parts.
- Used as a suffix to denote pain in a specific area
- Commonly attached to Sino-Japanese (on-yomi) nouns
- Used frequently in medical and formal contexts
Use with Sino-Japanese words
Always pair this suffix with Sino-Japanese (on-yomi) nouns. For example, use 'Zutsu' (headache) rather than trying to combine it with native Japanese words.
Formal tone check
Avoid using '~痛' in very casual settings if a simpler '~が痛い' is available. It can sound too clinical or detached in a friendly conversation.
Medical context importance
Japanese people often use these terms when filling out medical questionnaires. Knowing these terms is essential for explaining your health condition to a doctor.
Examples
4 of 4昨日から頭痛がひどいです。
I have had a bad headache since yesterday.
患者は腰痛を訴えています。
The patient is complaining of lower back pain.
歯痛で夜も眠れませんでした。
I couldn't sleep at night due to a toothache.
腹痛の原因を調査する。
Investigate the cause of the abdominal pain.
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