仮釈放 in 30 Seconds
- Refers to 'parole' or 'conditional release' in the Japanese legal system.
- Granted to prisoners who show good behavior and a high likelihood of rehabilitation.
- Involves strict supervision by probation officers and adherence to specific rules.
- Distinct from bail (pre-trial) and suspended sentences (no prison time served).
The term 仮釈放 (kari-shakuhou) is a formal Japanese legal noun that translates directly to 'parole' or 'conditional release' in English. In the context of the Japanese criminal justice system, it refers specifically to the administrative decision to release an incarcerated individual from a penal institution before the official expiration of their mandated sentence. This release is never absolute; rather, it is highly conditional and strictly supervised. The primary objective of 仮釈放 is to facilitate the smooth and structured reintegration of the offender back into mainstream society, thereby reducing the likelihood of recidivism. The decision to grant parole is not taken lightly and involves a rigorous evaluation process conducted by the Regional Parole Board (地方更生保護委員会). They assess various critical factors, including the inmate's demonstrated remorse, their behavioral record during incarceration, the likelihood of them committing further offenses, and the social environment to which they will return, such as family support and employment prospects.
彼は模範囚として仮釈放された。
Understanding the nuances of this word requires looking at its kanji components. '仮' (kari) means temporary, provisional, or conditional. '釈' (shaku) relates to explanation, release, or setting free, often used in contexts of untying or liberating. '放' (hou) means to release, let go, or set free. Together, they perfectly encapsulate the concept of a provisional setting free. It is crucial to distinguish 仮釈放 from a full pardon or the completion of a sentence (満期釈放 - manki-shakuhou). During the period of 仮釈放, the individual is legally still serving their sentence, albeit within the community. They are subject to strict conditions, such as mandatory meetings with a probation officer (保護観察官) or a volunteer probation officer (保護司), restrictions on travel, and a requirement to maintain good behavior.
- Legal Status
- The individual remains under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice.
仮釈放の条件に違反すると、刑務所に戻される。
The societal perception of 仮釈放 in Japan is complex. While the legal system emphasizes rehabilitation (更生 - kousei), public sentiment can sometimes be unforgiving, placing immense pressure on the paroled individual to conform and succeed. This duality makes the concept of parole not just a legal mechanism, but a profound social phenomenon. The support systems in place, including halfway houses (更生保護施設) and cooperative employers (協力雇用主), play an indispensable role in ensuring that the provisional release translates into permanent societal reintegration.
- Supervision
- Parolees are closely monitored by volunteer probation officers known as Hogoshi.
委員会の決定により、彼の仮釈放が認められた。
Furthermore, the statistical rates of 仮釈放 in Japan reflect a cautious approach by the authorities. The threshold for approval is notably high compared to some Western jurisdictions, emphasizing public safety alongside the offender's right to rehabilitation. This cautiousness is deeply rooted in the Japanese cultural emphasis on harmony (和 - wa) and the collective well-being over individual liberties. When an individual is granted parole, it is seen as a collective risk taken by society, managed through meticulous oversight.
- Revocation
- Parole can be revoked (取り消し) if the individual commits a new crime or severely violates conditions.
仮釈放中の再犯を防ぐための支援が必要です。
In conclusion, 仮釈放 is a multifaceted term that bridges law, sociology, and psychology. It represents hope for the incarcerated, a calculated risk for the justice system, and a test of compassion and resilience for society at large. Mastery of this word allows learners to engage deeply with Japanese news, legal dramas, and sociological discussions, providing a window into the country's approach to justice, punishment, and redemption.
彼は仮釈放の日を指折り数えて待っていた。
Using the word 仮釈放 correctly requires an understanding of its formal register and specific legal context. It is predominantly used in written Japanese, news broadcasts, legal documents, and formal discussions regarding the criminal justice system. You will rarely hear this word in casual, everyday conversation unless the topic specifically revolves around crime, law, or a relevant news story. When incorporating 仮釈放 into sentences, it is most commonly treated as a suru-verb (仮釈放する - to parole) or used as a noun followed by verbs indicating granting, receiving, or revoking.
裁判所は彼を仮釈放する決定を下した。
One of the most frequent collocations is '仮釈放が認められる' (kari-shakuhou ga mitomerareru), which means 'parole is granted' or 'parole is approved'. This passive construction highlights the authority of the parole board over the individual. Conversely, from the perspective of the inmate, one might say '仮釈放になる' (kari-shakuhou ni naru - to be paroled) or '仮釈放される' (kari-shakuhou sareru - to be paroled). It is essential to use appropriate particles; 'を' (wo) is used when the authority is the subject acting upon the prisoner, while 'が' (ga) or 'は' (ha) is used when the parole itself or the prisoner is the subject.
- Common Verb Pairings
- 認める (mitomeru - to grant/approve), 取り消す (torikesu - to revoke), 申請する (shinsei suru - to apply for).
彼は仮釈放の申請を却下された。
Another critical aspect of using 仮釈放 is discussing the period or state of being on parole. The phrase '仮釈放中' (kari-shakuhou-chuu) translates to 'currently on parole' or 'during the parole period'. This is frequently used in news reports when detailing the status of a suspect who has committed a new offense. For example, '容疑者は仮釈放中だった' (The suspect was on parole). This highlights the ongoing, conditional nature of the release. Furthermore, the conditions attached to the parole are referred to as '仮釈放の条件' (kari-shakuhou no jouken).
- Related Nouns
- 保護観察 (hogo kansatsu - probation/supervision), 刑期 (keiki - prison term).
仮釈放中の行動は厳しく制限されている。
When discussing the revocation of parole, the phrase '仮釈放が取り消される' (kari-shakuhou ga torikesareru) is standard. This occurs when an individual violates their parole conditions (遵守事項違反 - junshu jikou ihan). It is also important to note the difference between parole and bail. Bail is '保釈' (hoshaku), which occurs before or during a trial, whereas 仮釈放 occurs after a conviction and during the serving of a sentence. Confusing these two is a common mistake for learners and even native speakers who are not familiar with legal terminology.
- Formal Contexts
- News articles, legal documents, academic papers on criminology.
無期懲役囚の仮釈放は非常に困難である。
In advanced usage, you might encounter discussions about the '仮釈放率' (kari-shakuhou-ritsu - parole rate) or the '仮釈放審査' (kari-shakuhou shinsa - parole hearing/examination). These terms are essential for anyone studying Japanese law or sociology. By mastering the collocations and the specific legal context of 仮釈放, learners can significantly elevate their formal Japanese proficiency and accurately comprehend complex societal issues presented in Japanese media.
家族の支援が仮釈放の重要な判断材料となる。
The term 仮釈放 is highly contextual and is primarily encountered in specific domains of Japanese society. The most common place a learner or resident of Japan will hear or read this word is in the daily news (ニュース). Whether it is a television broadcast on NHK, an article in major newspapers like the Yomiuri or Asahi Shimbun, or online news portals, 仮釈放 frequently appears in reports concerning crime, the justice system, and high-profile legal cases. When a notable prisoner is released, or conversely, when a crime is committed by someone who was released early, the media will extensively use this term to explain the legal status of the individual involved.
ニュースで彼の仮釈放が報じられた。
Beyond the news, 仮釈放 is a staple vocabulary word in Japanese legal dramas (法廷ドラマ) and police procedural shows (刑事ドラマ). These genres are incredibly popular in Japan, with long-running series often dedicating entire episodes to the complexities of the parole system, the struggles of parolees reintegrating into society, or the difficult decisions faced by parole boards and probation officers. In these dramatic contexts, the word is used to build tension, highlight moral ambiguities, and explore the human element of the justice system. Characters might passionately debate whether a suspect truly deserves 仮釈放.
- Media Outlets
- NHK News, major daily newspapers, legal commentary programs.
そのドラマは仮釈放された男の人生を描いている。
In academic and professional settings, 仮釈放 is heavily utilized in the fields of law (法学), criminology (犯罪学), and sociology (社会学). University lectures, academic journals, and government white papers (such as the Crime White Paper - 犯罪白書 published by the Ministry of Justice) frequently analyze parole statistics, recidivism rates among parolees, and the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. For students or professionals operating in these spheres, a precise understanding of 仮釈放 and its associated terminology is absolutely mandatory.
- Academic Fields
- Criminology, Sociology, Criminal Law, Social Work.
大学の講義で仮釈放の制度について学んだ。
You may also encounter this word in literature, particularly in mystery novels (推理小説) or non-fiction books detailing true crime stories. Authors use the concept of parole to introduce plot twists, explore the psychology of criminals, or critique the justice system. The emotional weight of the word—representing both a second chance and a potential threat—makes it a powerful narrative tool. Furthermore, in specialized community settings, such as meetings involving volunteer probation officers (保護司), the term is used practically to discuss the daily management and support of individuals transitioning back into the community.
- Literature
- Mystery novels, true crime non-fiction, legal thrillers.
その小説の主人公は仮釈放中の青年だ。
In summary, while you will not hear 仮釈放 at a casual izakaya gathering or during a typical language exchange, it is an unavoidable term if you engage with Japanese media, literature, or academic discourse concerning society and law. Recognizing it instantly will greatly enhance your comprehension of serious, formal Japanese content and allow you to follow complex narratives regarding justice and rehabilitation in Japan.
政府は仮釈放の基準を見直す予定だ。
When learners of Japanese encounter the term 仮釈放, several common mistakes arise, primarily stemming from a misunderstanding of legal nuances, direct translation errors from English, or confusion with phonetically or conceptually similar words. The most prevalent error is confusing 仮釈放 (parole) with 保釈 (hoshaku - bail). In English, people sometimes loosely use 'released' for both, but in Japanese legal terminology, the distinction is absolute. 保釈 refers to the release of a suspect or defendant *before* or *during* their trial, usually involving the payment of bail money. 仮釈放, on the other hand, strictly refers to the release of a convicted prisoner *after* they have served a portion of their sentence. Using them interchangeably in Japanese will immediately mark your speech as unnatural or legally inaccurate.
❌ 彼は裁判の前に仮釈放された。
⭕ 彼は裁判の前に保釈された。
Another frequent mistake involves confusing 仮釈放 with 執行猶予 (shikkou yuuyo - suspended sentence). While both concepts involve a convicted person living in the community rather than in prison, the mechanics are entirely different. A suspended sentence means the individual does not go to prison at all unless they commit another crime during the suspension period. 仮釈放 means the individual *has* gone to prison and is being let out early. Learners often try to translate 'probation' and get tangled between these terms. It is vital to remember that 仮釈放 implies prior incarceration.
- Key Distinction
- 保釈 (Bail) = Pre-trial. 仮釈放 (Parole) = Post-conviction, mid-sentence.
❌ 執行猶予と仮釈放は同じ意味です。
⭕ 執行猶予と仮釈放は全く異なる制度です。
Grammatically, learners sometimes struggle with the particles used with 仮釈放. Because it is an administrative action taken *upon* the prisoner, the passive voice is frequently required when the prisoner is the subject. Saying '彼は仮釈放した' (He paroled) sounds as though he granted parole to someone else. The correct phrasing is '彼は仮釈放された' (He was paroled). Understanding who is performing the action (the parole board) and who is receiving the action (the prisoner) is crucial for accurate sentence construction.
- Particle Usage
- 委員会が彼を仮釈放する (The board paroles him) vs. 彼が仮釈放される (He is paroled).
❌ 囚人は明日、仮釈放します。
⭕ 囚人は明日、仮釈放されます。
Furthermore, learners might incorrectly assume that 仮釈放 means the sentence is completely finished. It is important to remember the '仮' (temporary/provisional) part of the word. The sentence is still active; it is just being served in the community. Therefore, saying someone is 'free' (自由になった) upon 仮釈放 is technically incorrect in a legal context, as they are under strict supervision (保護観察 - hogo kansatsu). Using precise language to describe their status as 'conditionally released' rather than 'completely free' shows a high level of Japanese proficiency.
- Related Error
- Assuming parole means the criminal record is wiped clean (it is not).
❌ 仮釈放されたので、もう刑罰は終わった。
⭕ 仮釈放されても、刑期が終わるまでは保護観察が続く。
By being aware of these common pitfalls—confusing it with bail or suspended sentences, misusing active/passive voice, and misunderstanding the provisional nature of the release—learners can use 仮釈放 with confidence and accuracy. Mastery of these distinctions not only improves language skills but also demonstrates a deep, respectful understanding of the Japanese legal framework.
正しい法的用語を使うことで、誤解を防ぐことができます。
To fully grasp the precise meaning of 仮釈放, it is highly beneficial to compare it with similar words within the Japanese legal and administrative vocabulary. These words often share kanji characters or conceptual similarities but possess distinct legal definitions. The most closely related term is 釈放 (shakuhou), which simply means 'release' or 'setting free'. 釈放 is a broader term that can apply to various situations, such as releasing a suspect because of insufficient evidence, or releasing a prisoner whose sentence has fully expired. 仮釈放 is a specific sub-category of 釈放, characterized by the '仮' (provisional) condition. When a sentence is fully served, the correct term is 満期釈放 (manki-shakuhou - release upon expiration of sentence).
証拠不十分で彼はすぐに釈放された。
Another crucial word to differentiate is 保釈 (hoshaku - bail). As discussed in the common mistakes section, 保釈 is the release of a defendant pending trial, usually secured by a financial deposit. While both 仮釈放 and 保釈 involve letting someone out of a detention facility, the timing (post-conviction vs. pre-trial) and the mechanism (good behavior vs. financial guarantee) are fundamentally different. Understanding this distinction is vital for comprehending Japanese news reports accurately.
- 釈放 (Shakuhou)
- General release from custody. Can be due to innocence, end of sentence, or lack of evidence.
保釈金を払って、彼は一時的に自由の身となった。
We must also consider 執行猶予 (shikkou yuuyo - suspended sentence). This is a judicial decision made at the time of sentencing. The judge imposes a prison term but suspends its execution for a set number of years. If the offender maintains good behavior during this period, they never go to prison. In contrast, 仮釈放 is an administrative decision made by a parole board *after* the offender has already served a significant portion of their prison sentence. Both aim at rehabilitation within society, but their starting points are entirely different.
- 執行猶予 (Shikkou Yuuyo)
- Suspended sentence. The execution of the penalty is delayed and potentially canceled.
彼は懲役2年、執行猶予3年の判決を受けた。
A related concept regarding the supervision aspect is 保護観察 (hogo kansatsu - probation/supervision). While not a type of release itself, it is the condition under which a paroled individual lives. Someone on 仮釈放 is almost always placed under 保護観察. Therefore, you will often see these two terms used in tandem. Another term is 恩赦 (onsha - pardon/amnesty), which is an executive action that forgives a crime or reduces a penalty, completely distinct from the conditional nature of parole.
- 保護観察 (Hogo Kansatsu)
- The probationary supervision period that accompanies parole or a suspended sentence.
恩赦により、多くの囚人が減刑された。
By carefully distinguishing 仮釈放 from 釈放, 保釈, 執行猶予, and 恩赦, learners can navigate complex legal texts and news broadcasts with precision. This nuanced understanding prevents embarrassing mistranslations and demonstrates a sophisticated command of advanced Japanese vocabulary. It allows for accurate discussions about the mechanisms of justice, punishment, and societal reintegration in Japan.
これらの法律用語の違いを理解することは、ニュースを読む上で不可欠です。
How Formal Is It?
Difficulty Rating
Grammar to Know
Passive voice (受身形) - される
Noun modification (名詞修飾) - 仮釈放の条件
Expressing purpose (目的) - 再犯を防ぐために
Expressing reasons (理由) - 違反したため
Hearsay (伝聞) - 仮釈放されるそうだ
Examples by Level
これは仮釈放のニュースです。
This is news about parole.
Noun + desu (is).
彼は仮釈放されました。
He was paroled.
Passive verb past tense (saremashita).
仮釈放は難しいです。
Parole is difficult.
Adjective describing a noun.
明日、仮釈放の日です。
Tomorrow is the day of parole.
Noun modifying noun with 'no'.
仮釈放の意味は何ですか。
What is the meaning of parole?
Question sentence with 'ka'.
テレビで仮釈放について見ました。
I saw about parole on TV.
Particle 'ni tsuite' (about).
仮釈放のルールがあります。
There are rules for parole.
Existence verb 'arimasu'.
彼は仮釈放を待っています。
He is waiting for parole.
Te-iru form for ongoing action.
模範囚は仮釈放されることがあります。
Model prisoners are sometimes paroled.
Koto ga aru (sometimes happens).
仮釈放の期間中は、旅行に行けません。
During the parole period, you cannot go on a trip.
Potential negative form (ikemasen).
彼は来月、仮釈放になる予定です。
He is scheduled to be paroled next month.
Yotei desu (is scheduled to).
仮釈放の条件を守らなければなりません。
You must follow the conditions of parole.
Nakereba narimasen (must do).
家族が彼の仮釈放を喜んでいます。
His family is happy about his parole.
Te-iru form for emotional state.
仮釈放についてもっと知りたいです。
I want to know more about parole.
Tai form (want to do).
あの映画は仮釈放された男の話です。
That movie is a story about a paroled man.
Noun modifying noun.
仮釈放の申請が通りました。
The application for parole was approved.
Intransitive verb past tense.
委員会は彼の仮釈放を認める決定を下した。
The board made the decision to grant his parole.
Formal verb 'kudasu'.
仮釈放中であることを隠して就職するのは難しい。
It is difficult to get a job while hiding the fact that you are on parole.
Te-form connecting clauses.
再犯を防ぐために、仮釈放後のサポートが重要だ。
To prevent reoffending, support after parole is important.
Tame ni (in order to).
彼は仮釈放の条件に違反したため、刑務所に戻された。
Because he violated the conditions of his parole, he was returned to prison.
Tame (because of).
無期懲役の受刑者が仮釈放されるケースは非常に少ない。
Cases where prisoners with life sentences are paroled are extremely rare.
Relative clause modifying 'case'.
被害者の遺族は、犯人の仮釈放に強く反対している。
The bereaved family of the victim strongly opposes the perpetrator's parole.
Ni hantai suru (oppose).
仮釈放の審査には、数ヶ月の時間がかかるのが一般的だ。
It is common for the parole examination to take several months.
No ga ippanteki da (it is common that).
彼は仮釈放されてから、真面目に働いているそうです。
I hear that since he was paroled, he has been working earnestly.
Sou desu (hearsay).
仮釈放制度の目的は、受刑者の円滑な社会復帰を促すことにある。
The purpose of the parole system is to promote the smooth social reintegration of inmates.
Ni aru (lies in).
保護司は、仮釈放中の対象者と定期的に面接を行い、生活状況を把握する。
Volunteer probation officers conduct regular interviews with parolees to grasp their living situations.
Compound sentence with verb stem (okona-i).
世論の反発を考慮し、当局は彼の仮釈放に対して慎重な姿勢を崩していない。
Considering the public backlash, the authorities have not abandoned their cautious stance regarding his parole.
Te-inai (have not done).
仮釈放が取り消される事態を避けるため、彼は遵守事項を厳格に守り続けた。
To avoid a situation where his parole is revoked, he continued to strictly observe the compliance rules.
Verb stem + tsuzukeru (continue to).
統計によれば、仮釈放者の再犯率は満期釈放者と比較して有意に低い。
According to statistics, the recidivism rate of parolees is significantly lower compared to those released upon completion of their sentences.
Ni yoreba (according to).
仮釈放の可否は、本人の反省の度合いや帰住先の環境など、総合的な判断に基づく。
Whether parole is granted or not is based on a comprehensive judgment, including the degree of the individual's remorse and the environment of their place of return.
Ni motozuku (based on).
長年の服役を経て仮釈放された彼は、大きく変貌した社会に戸惑いを隠せなかった。
Paroled after many years of serving time, he could not hide his bewilderment at the vastly transformed society.
O hete (after going through).
被害者参加制度により、仮釈放の審理において被害者の意見が聴取されるようになった。
Due to the victim participation system, victims' opinions have come to be heard in parole hearings.
You ni natta (came to be).
地方更生保護委員会は、法定刑の三分の一を経過した受刑者に対し、職権で仮釈放の審理を開始することができる。
The Regional Parole Board can initiate parole hearings ex officio for inmates who have served one-third of their statutory sentence.
Ni taishi (towards/for).
仮釈放の運用基準の厳格化は、結果として刑務所の過剰収容問題に拍車をかける懸念が指摘されている。
It has been pointed out that the strict application of parole criteria raises concerns of exacerbating the problem of prison overcrowding as a result.
Kenen ga shiteki sarete iru (concerns are pointed out).
社会内処遇の中核を担う仮釈放制度が機能するためには、協力雇用主の確保が喫緊の課題である。
For the parole system, which plays a core role in community-based treatment, to function, securing cooperative employers is an urgent issue.
Tame ni wa (in order for).
重大犯罪者の仮釈放に際しては、国民の処罰感情と更生の可能性という、相克する理念の調整が極めて困難を極める。
Upon the parole of serious offenders, reconciling the conflicting ideals of the public's desire for punishment and the possibility of rehabilitation is extremely difficult.
Ni saishite wa (upon/when).
彼は仮釈放中という不安定な法的地位にありながらも、自助グループの活動を通じて自己変革を遂げようと模索していた。
Despite being in the unstable legal position of being on parole, he was seeking to achieve self-transformation through the activities of a self-help group.
Nagara mo (although/despite).
恩赦と仮釈放は、いずれも刑の執行を免れさせる効果を持つが、その法的性質と付随する条件において決定的な差異が存在する。
Both amnesty and parole have the effect of exempting the execution of a sentence, but there is a decisive difference in their legal nature and accompanying conditions.
Ni oite (in/regarding).
メディアによるセンセーショナルな報道が、仮釈放者に対する社会的スティグマを増幅させ、彼らの社会復帰を阻害しているとの批判がある。
There is criticism that sensationalist reporting by the media amplifies the social stigma against parolees and hinders their reintegration into society.
To no hihan ga aru (there is criticism that).
仮釈放の取り消し事由に該当するか否かの判断は、対象者の基本的人権に直結するため、慎重な事実認定が要求される。
The judgment of whether or not it falls under the grounds for revocation of parole is directly linked to the fundamental human rights of the subject, so careful fact-finding is required.
Ka ina ka (whether or not).
我が国の刑事政策において、仮釈放は単なる恩恵的措置から、再犯防止と改善更生を目的とする合目的的な社会内処遇へとそのパラダイムを転換させてきた。
In our country's criminal policy, parole has shifted its paradigm from a mere benevolent measure to a purposeful community-based treatment aimed at preventing recidivism and promoting rehabilitation.
Kara... e to (from... to).
無期刑受刑者の仮釈放審理においては、有期刑の場合とは比較にならないほどの高度な蓋然性をもって再犯のおそれがないことが立証されなければならない。
In parole hearings for inmates with life sentences, it must be proven with a high degree of probability, incomparable to the case of fixed-term sentences, that there is no risk of reoffending.
To wa hikaku ni naranai hodo no (to an extent incomparable with).
仮釈放制度の存立基盤は、市民社会の寛容性と包摂力に依存しており、これが失われれば制度自体が形骸化する危険性を孕んでいる。
The existential foundation of the parole system depends on the tolerance and inclusivity of civil society, and if this is lost, the system itself harbors the danger of becoming a dead letter.
Kiken-sei o harande iru (harbors the danger of).
保護観察官の慢性的な人員不足は、仮釈放者に対する実効性のある指導監督を困難ならしめ、結果として制度に対する国民の信頼を失墜させかねない。
The chronic shortage of probation officers makes effective guidance and supervision of parolees difficult, and as a result, it could potentially destroy the public's trust in the system.
Konnan narashime (makes difficult - highly formal).
仮釈放の許否決定に対する不服申立ての道が極めて限定的である現状は、適正手続の保障という観点から、憲法上の疑義を呈する学説も存在する。
There are academic theories presenting constitutional doubts from the perspective of guaranteeing due process regarding the current situation where the avenues for appealing the decision to grant or deny parole are extremely limited.
Gigi o teisuru (present doubts).
刑期満了を間近に控えた受刑者に対する短期の仮釈放は、社会とのソフトランディングを図る上で一定の意義を有するものの、その効果については実証的な検証が俟たれる。
Short-term parole for inmates nearing the expiration of their sentences has a certain significance in attempting a soft landing with society, but empirical verification of its effectiveness is awaited.
Ga matareru (is awaited).
一部の凶悪事件を契機とした厳罰化の潮流は、仮釈放の運用にも波及し、更生の意欲を持つ受刑者の希望を削ぐという負の側面も看過できない。
The trend toward stricter punishments triggered by some heinous incidents has also affected the application of parole, and the negative aspect of dampening the hopes of inmates with a desire to rehabilitate cannot be overlooked.
Kanka dekinai (cannot be overlooked).
仮釈放中の再犯という最悪のシナリオを回避するためには、司法機関のみならず、医療、福祉、教育等の多機関が連携した包括的な支援ネットワークの構築が不可欠である。
In order to avoid the worst-case scenario of reoffending while on parole, the construction of a comprehensive support network linking not only judicial organs but also multiple agencies such as medical, welfare, and educational institutions is indispensable.
Nomi narazu (not only).
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
Often Confused With
Idioms & Expressions
Easily Confused
Sentence Patterns
How to Use It
Carries a serious tone. It implies that the person has committed a crime, served time, and is now under strict observation. It is not a celebratory 'freedom'.
Highly formal. Used in legal, academic, and journalistic contexts.
- Confusing 仮釈放 (parole) with 保釈 (bail).
- Confusing 仮釈放 (parole) with 執行猶予 (suspended sentence).
- Using the active voice (仮釈放する) when the subject is the prisoner, instead of the passive voice (仮釈放される).
- Assuming 仮釈放 means the sentence is completely finished and the person is totally free without supervision.
- Pronouncing the word with the wrong pitch accent (e.g., emphasizing the 'hou' at the end instead of a flat intonation).
Tips
Passive Voice is Key
When talking about the inmate, always use the passive form: 仮釈放される (to be paroled). Using the active form makes it sound like the inmate has the authority to release themselves. Practice writing sentences with the inmate as the subject and the passive verb. This is the most common grammatical structure for this word.
Pair with Formal Verbs
Because it is a legal term, avoid pairing it with casual verbs. Instead of saying '仮釈放をもらう' (receive parole - casual), use '仮釈放が認められる' (parole is granted - formal). Matching the formality of the noun with formal verbs makes your Japanese sound much more natural and educated.
News Comprehension
If you see this word in a headline, expect the article to discuss crime, the justice system, or rehabilitation. Look for surrounding keywords like 刑務所 (prison), 委員会 (board), and 保護観察 (probation) to quickly grasp the context of the article. This word is a strong indicator of a serious news topic.
Remember 'Kari'
The first kanji '仮' (kari) is extremely useful. It means temporary. You will see it in words like 仮免許 (temporary license) or 仮設 (temporary construction). Remembering that 'kari' means 'not final' helps you understand that parole is a conditional, not absolute, release.
Pitch Accent
The pitch accent is 'heiban' (flat). It starts low on 'ka', goes high on 'ri', and stays high for the rest of the word: ka-RI-SHA-KU-HO-U. Practicing the correct pitch accent will make you sound much more fluent, especially when discussing complex topics.
Don't Confuse with Bail
Never translate 'bail' as 仮釈放. Bail is 保釈 (hoshaku). This is the number one mistake learners make with this vocabulary. Remember: Bail is before the trial, Parole is after prison time. Keep this timeline clear in your head.
Use in Essays
If you are taking the JLPT N1 or writing an academic essay on social issues, using 仮釈放 correctly will boost your score. It shows you have a grasp of specialized vocabulary. Try writing a practice paragraph arguing for or against strict parole conditions.
Understand the Stigma
When discussing parole in Japanese, be aware of the cultural context. Society is often unforgiving towards former convicts. Understanding this social stigma adds depth to your comprehension of why parolees struggle and why the news reports on them so intensely.
Watch Legal Dramas
To get used to hearing this word in context, watch Japanese legal or police dramas. You will hear how lawyers, judges, and police officers use the term naturally. Pay attention to the emotional weight the actors give the word during dramatic scenes.
Learn Chunks
Don't just learn the word; learn the chunks. Memorize '仮釈放中' (currently on parole) and '仮釈放の条件' (conditions of parole) as single units. This will make your reading faster and your speaking more fluent, as you won't have to construct the phrases from scratch.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a prisoner carrying (KARI) a shack (SHAKU) out of prison, hoping (HOU) to build a new life on parole.
Word Origin
Sino-Japanese (Kango)
Cultural Context
Volunteer probation officers are a unique aspect of the Japanese justice system. They are unpaid, respected local citizens who supervise and support parolees, acting as a bridge between the legal system and the community.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Conversation Starters
"日本の仮釈放制度についてどう思いますか。(What do you think about Japan's parole system?)"
"仮釈放中の再犯を防ぐには何が必要でしょうか。(What is needed to prevent reoffending while on parole?)"
"保護司の役割について知っていますか。(Do you know about the role of volunteer probation officers?)"
"無期懲役の仮釈放は厳しすぎると思いますか。(Do you think parole for life sentences is too strict?)"
"ニュースで仮釈放の話題をよく見ますか。(Do you often see topics about parole in the news?)"
Journal Prompts
Write an opinion piece on whether the criteria for 仮釈放 should be more lenient or stricter.
Describe a scene from a fictional drama where a character is granted 仮釈放.
Research and summarize the role of a 保護司 (volunteer probation officer) in supporting someone on 仮釈放.
Discuss the societal challenges a person faces during their 仮釈放 period in Japan.
Compare the concept of 仮釈放 with 執行猶予 (suspended sentence) and explain why the distinction matters.
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questions保釈 (bail) happens before a trial is finished to let a suspect out of jail temporarily. 仮釈放 (parole) happens after a person is convicted and has served part of their prison sentence. Bail involves money; parole involves good behavior. Mixing them up is a major legal error. Always use the correct term based on the timeline of the conviction.
Yes, it can be used as a suru-verb (仮釈放する). However, because the prisoner does not parole themselves, it is almost always used in the passive voice (仮釈放される - to be paroled) when the prisoner is the subject. If the parole board is the subject, the active voice is used.
No. The '仮' (kari) means temporary or provisional. They are still legally serving their sentence, just in the community instead of a prison. They must follow strict rules, meet with probation officers, and can be sent back to prison if they violate the conditions.
The period of 仮釈放 lasts from the day of release until the original sentence would have officially ended (満期). For example, if someone has a 10-year sentence and is paroled after 8 years, their parole period lasts for the remaining 2 years. For life sentences, it theoretically lasts for life, though supervision may be relaxed over time.
If a parolee violates the conditions of their release (遵守事項違反) or commits a new crime, their parole can be revoked (取り消し). If revoked, they are immediately returned to prison to serve the remainder of their original sentence, plus any new sentence for new crimes.
In Japan, the decision is made by the Regional Parole Board (地方更生保護委員会). They review the inmate's behavior, their remorse, the likelihood of reoffending, and the environment they will return to. The prison warden can recommend parole, but the board makes the final decision.
Compared to some other countries, Japan's parole system is considered quite strict. The threshold for demonstrating true remorse and having a stable environment to return to is high. For inmates with life sentences (無期懲役), getting parole is exceptionally difficult and rare.
A Hogoshi is a volunteer probation officer. They are local citizens appointed by the Minister of Justice to support and supervise individuals on probation or parole. They play a crucial role in the Japanese system, providing a community-based approach to rehabilitation.
You can, but it will sound like you are discussing the news or a serious topic. It is not a slang word. If you are joking about 'getting out of work early', using 仮釈放 would sound very strange and overly dramatic. Stick to using it for actual legal contexts.
仮 (kari) means temporary or provisional. 釈 (shaku) means to release or untie. 放 (hou) means to let go or set free. Together, they form the concept of a provisional release, perfectly describing the legal nature of parole.
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Summary
仮釈放 (kari-shakuhou) is the formal legal term for parole in Japan. It represents a conditional, supervised release from prison before a sentence is fully served, aiming for the offender's smooth reintegration into society while maintaining public safety.
- Refers to 'parole' or 'conditional release' in the Japanese legal system.
- Granted to prisoners who show good behavior and a high likelihood of rehabilitation.
- Involves strict supervision by probation officers and adherence to specific rules.
- Distinct from bail (pre-trial) and suspended sentences (no prison time served).
Passive Voice is Key
When talking about the inmate, always use the passive form: 仮釈放される (to be paroled). Using the active form makes it sound like the inmate has the authority to release themselves. Practice writing sentences with the inmate as the subject and the passive verb. This is the most common grammatical structure for this word.
Pair with Formal Verbs
Because it is a legal term, avoid pairing it with casual verbs. Instead of saying '仮釈放をもらう' (receive parole - casual), use '仮釈放が認められる' (parole is granted - formal). Matching the formality of the noun with formal verbs makes your Japanese sound much more natural and educated.
News Comprehension
If you see this word in a headline, expect the article to discuss crime, the justice system, or rehabilitation. Look for surrounding keywords like 刑務所 (prison), 委員会 (board), and 保護観察 (probation) to quickly grasp the context of the article. This word is a strong indicator of a serious news topic.
Remember 'Kari'
The first kanji '仮' (kari) is extremely useful. It means temporary. You will see it in words like 仮免許 (temporary license) or 仮設 (temporary construction). Remembering that 'kari' means 'not final' helps you understand that parole is a conditional, not absolute, release.
Example
仮釈放されました。
Related Content
More Law words
告訴
A1A formal criminal complaint or legal accusation filed by a victim to the police or a prosecutor. It specifically refers to the victim's request for the offender to be punished under criminal law.
協定
A1A formal agreement or arrangement reached between two or more parties, often regarding mutual cooperation or rules. It is typically used in legal, political, or business contexts to establish standards or protocols.
恩赦
A1A formal act by a government or head of state to pardon people convicted of political or criminal offenses. It results in the reduction of sentences or the restoration of legal rights, usually granted during significant national events.
上訴
A1A legal term referring to the act of appealing a lower court's decision to a higher court to seek a reversal or modification. It is a general term that encompasses different types of appeals within the judicial system, such as kouso and joukoku.
可決
A1The official approval of a proposal, bill, or motion by a voting body or committee. It indicates that a formal decision has been made to accept and pass a specific suggestion after a deliberation process.
逮捕
A1The legal act of taking someone into custody by the police or authorities due to a suspected crime. It specifically refers to the restriction of physical freedom under law rather than just physical catching.
放火
A1The act of intentionally setting fire to a building, property, or forest. In Japanese society and law, it is regarded as a very serious criminal offense.
暴行
A1Bōkō refers to the act of using physical force or violence against a person. It is often used in legal contexts to describe assault or physical battery, implying a direct and harmful physical encounter.
保釈
A1Bail; the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, usually on the condition that a sum of money is paid to the court as a guarantee of their appearance. It specifically refers to the legal process of being freed from detention before a final judgment is made.
背任
A1A legal and business term referring to the act of a person in a position of trust acting against their duties to benefit themselves or a third party. This breach of trust results in financial or reputational damage to the employer or principal.
