わがままな in 30 Seconds
- Selfish, willful, doing only what one wants.
- Implies a lack of consideration for others.
- Commonly used for children but also for adults.
- Grammatically an 'na'-adjective.
The Japanese adjective わがままな (wagamama na) is a common and useful term used to describe someone who is selfish, willful, or acts solely according to their own desires without considering others. It carries a negative connotation, implying a lack of consideration or empathy. You'll often hear it used when people are discussing children's behavior, but it can also be applied to adults who display similar traits.
Think of it as someone who always wants their own way, doesn't like to share, and might throw a tantrum or become upset if they don't get what they want. It's about prioritizing one's own needs and wants above all else. The nuance is that it's not just about being independent, but about being inconsiderate of others' feelings or needs in the pursuit of one's own desires.
In Japanese culture, which often emphasizes group harmony and consideration for others (consider the concept of 'meiwaku' - causing trouble to others), 'wagamama na' behavior is generally frowned upon. Therefore, people might use this word to express mild annoyance, disapproval, or even frustration when encountering such behavior. It's a descriptive word that paints a clear picture of someone who is self-centered.
For instance, if a child refuses to share their toys, a parent might say, 「この子はいつもわがままです。」 (Kono ko wa itsumo wagamama desu. - This child is always selfish.) Or, if an adult consistently demands special treatment and disregards rules that apply to everyone else, they might be described as 'wagamama na'. The 'na' particle at the end is crucial because 'wagamama' is an 'na'-adjective, meaning it needs 'na' when directly modifying a noun.
When someone always wants to eat at their favorite restaurant, even when others want to go somewhere else, you might think of them as わがままな.
A child who cries loudly because they can't have a toy right now is being わがままな.
- Usage Note
- 'Wagamama na' is an adjective that directly modifies nouns. For example, 'wagamama na kodomo' (selfish child) or 'wagamama na hito' (selfish person). You can also use 'wagamama da' (it is selfish) or 'wagamama ni suru' (to be selfish/do as one pleases).
- Cultural Nuance
- In Japanese society, where group harmony (和 - wa) is highly valued, excessive 'wagamama na' behavior can be seen as disruptive and antisocial. It's important to understand this cultural context when using or interpreting the word.
Using わがままな (wagamama na) correctly involves understanding its grammatical function as an 'na'-adjective and its typical contexts. Remember that 'na'-adjectives require the particle 'na' when they directly precede a noun they modify.
When speaking about a person, you can say someone わがままな人 (wagamama na hito), meaning a selfish person. If you want to say a child is selfish, you'd use わがままな子供 (wagamama na kodomo). The adjective can also stand alone in a sentence, often using 'da' (plain form) or 'desu' (polite form) after 'wagamama'. For example, 「彼はとてもわがままだ。」 (Kare wa totemo wagamama da. - He is very selfish.) or 「あなたの態度はわがままだと思います。」 (Anata no taido wa wagamama da to omoimasu. - I think your attitude is selfish.)
The phrase can also be used to describe actions or situations. For instance, if someone insists on doing something their way regardless of others' opinions, you might say, 「それはわがままなやり方だ。」 (Sore wa wagamama na yarikata da. - That's a selfish way of doing things.) It can also describe a situation where someone is demanding things, such as 「わがままな要求」(wagamama na yōkyū - selfish demands).
Let's look at some sentence patterns:
- Noun + は (wa) + わがまま (wagamama) + だ/です (da/desu)
- This is a common structure to state that someone or something is selfish. Example: 「あの人は本当にわがままだ。」 (Ano hito wa hontō ni wagamama da. - That person is truly selfish.)
- わがままな + Noun
- Used when directly modifying a noun. Example: 「わがままな子供は周りの迷惑になる。」 (Wagamama na kodomo wa mawari no meiwaku ni naru. - A selfish child becomes a nuisance to others.)
- Verb Phrase + のは (no wa) + わがままだ (wagamama da)
- Used to describe an action as selfish. Example: 「自分の意見ばかり押し付けるのはわがままだ。」 (Jibun no iken bakari oshitsukeru no wa wagamama da. - Insisting only on your own opinion is selfish.)
She refused to compromise, which is a very わがままな attitude.
You'll encounter わがままな (wagamama na) in a variety of everyday situations, making it a highly practical word to learn. Its commonality stems from the universal nature of selfish behavior.
One of the most frequent places you'll hear it is in discussions about children. Parents often use it to describe their kids when they're not sharing, throwing tantrums, or demanding things. For example, a parent might say to another parent, 「うちの子、最近すごくわがままで困ってるんです。」 (Uchi no ko, saikin sugoku wagamama de komatteru n desu. - My child has become very selfish recently, and it's causing problems.)
In family settings, you might hear it during disagreements. If one family member consistently gets their way or refuses to participate in activities that don't interest them, others might label them as 'wagamama na'. This could be during meal choices, vacation planning, or household chores.
In social situations with friends, it might come up when discussing someone's behavior. For instance, if a friend always insists on going to their preferred bar or restaurant, or if they are late without apology, someone might quietly remark, 「あの人、ちょっとわがままじゃない？」 (Ano hito, chotto wagamama ja nai? - Isn't that person a little selfish?).
In workplaces, while perhaps less direct, the sentiment can be expressed when someone is unwilling to cooperate, shirks responsibility, or expects others to cater to their specific needs. A colleague might privately think or say, 「自分のことしか考えていない、わがままな同僚だ。」 (Jibun no koto shika kangaete inai, wagamama na dōryō da. - That's a selfish colleague who only thinks about themselves.)
You might also encounter it in media, such as TV dramas or manga, where characters exhibiting selfish traits are often described using this word. It's a staple adjective for character development when portraying someone who is self-centered.
A character in a story who only cares about their own success, even if it harms others, would be described as わがままな.
- Everyday Conversations
- Often used when discussing children's behavior or the actions of people close to you.
- Media and Entertainment
- Commonly used to describe characters with selfish personalities in dramas, anime, and manga.
わがままな (wagamama na) is generally straightforward, but learners can make a few common mistakes, primarily related to its grammatical usage and the nuance of its meaning.
One frequent error is forgetting to add the particle 'na' when 'wagamama' directly modifies a noun. Since it's an 'na'-adjective, it requires 'na' before the noun. For example, saying 「わがまま人」 (wagamama hito) instead of the correct 「わがままな人」 (wagamama na hito) is grammatically incorrect.
Another mistake can be overusing it or applying it too harshly. While 'wagamama na' means selfish, it's often used for relatively minor instances of self-centeredness, especially with children. Using it to describe someone who is merely independent or assertive might be an overstatement and could come across as overly critical.
Confusion can arise between 'wagamama' used as an adjective and 'wagamama' used as a noun. While they are related, their grammatical roles differ. For instance, saying 「彼はわがままです。」 (Kare wa wagamama desu.) is correct, implying he is selfish. However, trying to use it directly before a noun without 'na' is where the error occurs.
Learners might also confuse 'wagamama na' with words that imply stubbornness but lack the element of inconsideration for others. While a stubborn person might act 'wagamama', not all stubbornness is necessarily 'wagamama'. The core of 'wagamama na' is the disregard for others' feelings or needs.
Finally, direct translation from English can sometimes lead to awkward usage. For example, if English speakers want to say someone is 'spoiled', they might directly translate it, but in Japanese, 'wagamama na' often captures that nuance effectively without needing a direct translation of 'spoiled'.
- Mistake 1: Omitting 'na'
- Incorrect: わがまま人 (wagamama hito). Correct: わがままな人 (wagamama na hito).
- Mistake 2: Overusing or Misapplying
- Using 'wagamama na' for simple independence rather than inconsiderate self-interest.
- Mistake 3: Grammatical Role Confusion
- Confusing 'wagamama' as a noun with its adjectival form 'wagamama na'.
Incorrect: 「これはわがまま車です。」 (Kore wa wagamama kuruma desu.) Correct: 「これはわがままな使い方です。」 (Kore wa wagamama na tsukaikata desu. - This is a selfish way of using it.)
わがままな (wagamama na) describes a specific type of self-centeredness. While it's quite unique, there are other words and phrases that touch upon similar concepts, offering slightly different nuances.
A close synonym in meaning is 自己中心的 (jikōchūshin teki). This literally translates to 'self-centered' and is often used in more formal or psychological contexts. While 'wagamama na' can be used casually, 'jikōchūshin teki' is more analytical and can sound a bit more serious or clinical. It implies a focus on oneself and one's own perspective, often to the exclusion of others. Example: 「彼の行動は自己中心的だ。」 (Kare no kōdō wa jikōchūshin teki da. - His actions are self-centered.)
Another related term is 自分勝手な (jibun katte na). This also means 'selfish' or 'self-willed', and it's very similar to 'wagamama na'. Often, 'jibun katte na' emphasizes doing things according to one's own will or convenience, sometimes without regard for rules or others' plans. It can feel slightly stronger than 'wagamama na' in implying a disregard for established order or shared responsibilities.
For a stronger sense of stubbornness or inflexibility, you might consider 頑固な (ganko na). While a 'ganko na' person might act 'wagamama', 'ganko na' specifically refers to being unyielding in one's opinions or actions. It doesn't inherently imply selfishness, but rather a refusal to change one's mind or behavior.
In situations involving children, the term 甘やかされた (amayakasareta), meaning 'spoiled', is often used. A 'wagamama na' child is often a result of being 'amayakasareta'. This describes a child who has been overindulged and thus behaves selfishly.
When someone is acting in a way that causes inconvenience or trouble to others, the word 迷惑な (meiwaku na), meaning 'troublesome' or 'bothersome', can be used. A 'wagamama na' action often results in 'meiwaku'.
Here's a comparison table:
- Term
- わがままな (wagamama na)
- Meaning
- Selfish, willful, doing only what one wants (often implies inconsideration).
- Usage
- Common, often used for children but applicable to adults. Casual to neutral.
- Term
- 自己中心的 (jikōchūshin teki)
- Meaning
- Self-centered (more formal, analytical).
- Usage
- More formal, used in discussions about personality, psychology, or behavior analysis.
- Term
- 自分勝手な (jibun katte na)
- Meaning
- Selfish, acting according to one's own will (can imply disregard for rules).
- Usage
- Very similar to 'wagamama na', perhaps slightly stronger in implying a disregard for established norms or plans.
He always does whatever he wants, even if it bothers others. He's very 自分勝手な.
How Formal Is It?
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Fun Fact
The character 儘 (mama) is quite rare in modern Japanese and is mostly seen in compounds like 'wagamama' and 'ama (as one pleases)'. Its meaning of 'as one pleases' is key to understanding the core of 'wagamama'.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing the 'ga' too softly.
- Making the 'a' sounds too short.
- Adding an English 'r' sound where it doesn't belong.
- Incorrectly stressing the syllables.
- Confusing the 'wa' and 'ga' sounds.
Difficulty Rating
The word itself is common, but understanding its nuances and appropriate contexts requires practice. CEFR B1 level learners should be able to comprehend it in most everyday texts.
Using it correctly, especially remembering the 'na' particle and avoiding overgeneralization, requires attention to detail. B1-B2 level.
Easy to understand when heard. Producing it requires awareness of context and grammatical accuracy. B1 level.
Very frequently heard in everyday Japanese, making it easy to recognize.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Na-Adjectives
'Wagamama na' is an 'na'-adjective. When it modifies a noun, 'na' is placed between the adjective and the noun (e.g., わがまま + な + 人). When used predicatively, it's followed by 'da' or 'desu' (e.g., 彼はわがままだ).
Using 'o iu' with abstract nouns
The phrase 'wagamama o iu' (to say selfish things) uses the particle 'o' with the noun 'wagamama' before the verb 'iu'. This pattern is common for abstract nouns and verbs.
Verb nominalization with 'no wa'
In sentences like '自分の意見ばかり言うのはわがままだ' (Jibun no iken bakari iu no wa wagamama da), the clause '自分の意見ばかり言う' (saying only one's own opinion) is nominalized by adding 'no wa' to function as the subject of the sentence.
Adverbial use of 'ni'
While 'wagamama na' is an adjective, 'wagamama ni' can function as an adverb, meaning 'selfishly' or 'in a selfish manner'. For example, 'わがままに生きる' (wagamama ni ikiru - to live selfishly).
The particle 'ga' vs. 'wa'
While 'wagamama na' itself doesn't change, the choice between 'ga' and 'wa' when introducing the topic can subtly alter emphasis. '子供がわがままだ' (Kodomo ga wagamama da) might emphasize the child specifically, while '子供はわがままだ' (Kodomo wa wagamama da) might be a more general statement about children.
Examples by Level
これはわがままです。
This is selfish.
Simple statement using 'wagamama' as a noun.
ぼくはこれがほしい！
I want this!
Expresses a strong personal desire, often a precursor to 'wagamama' behavior.
だめ！
No!
A common refusal, often associated with 'wagamama' behavior.
わたしだけ！
Only me!
Expresses possessiveness, a characteristic of 'wagamama'.
いいえ、やりません。
No, I won't do it.
Direct refusal, often indicating unwillingness to comply.
これも、あれもほしい。
I want this, and I want that too.
Expresses desire for multiple things, typical of 'wagamama'.
おもちゃをかして。
Lend me your toy.
A request, but the response might be 'wagamama'.
これはわたしのもの！
This is mine!
Assertion of ownership, often leading to 'wagamama' actions.
あの子はいつもわがままなことを言う。
That child always says selfish things.
Uses 'wagamama na' to modify 'koto' (thing/matter).
自分のやりたいことだけやるのはわがままだ。
Doing only what you want to do is selfish.
Describes an action as 'wagamama'.
彼は私の意見を聞いてくれない。わがままだ。
He doesn't listen to my opinion. He's selfish.
Simple statement using 'wagamama' as a predicate.
もっとお菓子がほしい、というわがままな要求。
A selfish demand: 'I want more candy!'
Uses 'wagamama na' to modify 'yōkyū' (demand).
友達とのおもちゃの貸し借りができない、わがままな子だ。
He's a selfish child who can't share toys with friends.
Uses 'wagamama na' to describe a child's behavior.
彼女はいつも自分の都合で予定を変える。
She always changes plans according to her own convenience.
Describes behavior that is often considered 'wagamama'.
みんなで決めたのに、一人だけ反対した。
Even though everyone decided, only one person opposed.
Describes an action that could be seen as 'wagamama'.
このケーキは私のだから、あげない。
This cake is mine, so I won't give it to you.
An example of selfish behavior.
子供がわがままを言うのは、ある程度は仕方ない。
It's somewhat unavoidable for children to be selfish.
Uses 'wagamama o iu' (to say selfish things) and discusses its inevitability.
彼のわがままな性格が、チームの雰囲気を悪くしている。
His selfish personality is making the team atmosphere bad.
Uses 'wagamama na seikaku' (selfish personality).
親は子供のわがままな要求にどう応じるべきか悩む。
Parents worry about how to respond to their children's selfish demands.
Uses 'wagamama na yōkyū' (selfish demands).
自分の都合だけで物事を決めるのは、周囲に迷惑をかけるわがままな行動だ。
Making decisions solely based on one's own convenience is selfish behavior that inconveniences others.
Connects 'wagamama na kōdō' (selfish behavior) with causing 'meiwaku'.
彼女は一度決めたことは絶対に曲げない、かなりわがままな人だ。
She's quite a selfish person who absolutely won't change her mind once she's decided something.
Describes a person with 'wagamama na' traits linked to stubbornness.
レストランで大声で話すなど、公共の場でのわがままな振る舞いは許されない。
Selfish behavior in public places, such as talking loudly in a restaurant, is unacceptable.
Uses 'wagamama na furumai' (selfish behavior/conduct).
彼の「こうしたい」という強い意志は、時にわがままだと受け取られる。
His strong will to 'do it this way' is sometimes perceived as selfish.
Explains how strong will can be interpreted as 'wagamama'.
「みんなで協力しよう」と言っても、聞かない彼は本当にわがままだった。
Even when I said, 'Let's cooperate, everyone,' he didn't listen; he was truly selfish.
Contrasts cooperation with 'wagamama' behavior.
他人の感情や状況を考慮せず、自分の欲求を優先する態度は、しばしば「わがまま」と非難される。
An attitude that prioritizes one's own desires without considering others' feelings or situations is often criticized as 'selfish'.
Defines 'wagamama' in a more abstract and critical sense.
子供のわがままをすべて受け入れてしまうと、社会に適応できなくなる恐れがある。
If you accept all of a child's selfish behavior, there's a risk they won't be able to adapt to society.
Discusses the consequences of indulging 'wagamama' behavior.
彼女は自分のキャリアのために、家族との時間を犠牲にすることも厭わない、ある意味でわがままな選択をしている。
For her career, she doesn't hesitate to sacrifice time with her family, making a selfish choice in a sense.
Uses 'wagamama na sentaku' (selfish choice) in a complex scenario.
リーダーシップを発揮する上で、時に断固たる決断が必要だが、それが周囲への配慮を欠いた「わがまま」と受け取られないように注意しなければならない。
When exercising leadership, decisive decisions are sometimes necessary, but one must be careful not to have them perceived as 'selfish' behavior lacking consideration for others.
Distinguishes decisive leadership from 'wagamama'.
その政治家の発言は、国民の大多数の意見とはかけ離れており、極めてわがままだと批判された。
That politician's statement was far removed from the opinions of the majority of the public and was criticized as extremely selfish.
Applies 'wagamama' to political discourse.
彼は自分の才能を過信し、他者の助言を一切聞こうとしない。これは単なる自信ではなく、一種のわがままと言えるだろう。
He overestimates his own talent and refuses to listen to anyone else's advice. This can be called a kind of selfishness, not just confidence.
Analyzes 'wagamama' in relation to confidence and arrogance.
現代社会においては、個人の自由や権利が尊重される一方で、その自由が他者への配慮を欠いた「わがまま」に繋がらないよう、バランスが求められる。
In modern society, while individual freedom and rights are respected, a balance is needed so that this freedom does not lead to 'selfishness' lacking consideration for others.
Discusses the societal balance between freedom and 'wagamama'.
彼女の芸術的探求は情熱的だが、その過程で周囲に多大な負担を強いることがある。それは彼女にとっての「わがまま」の現れなのかもしれない。
Her artistic pursuits are passionate, but in the process, they can impose a great burden on those around her. This might be a manifestation of 'selfishness' for her.
Explores the potential for artistic passion to be perceived as 'wagamama'.
「わがまま」という言葉は、しばしば子供の無邪気な自己主張から、大人の自己中心的な行動まで、幅広い文脈で用いられるが、その根底には他者への配慮の欠如という共通項が存在する。
The word 'wagamama' is often used in a wide range of contexts, from a child's innocent assertion of self to an adult's self-centered behavior, but at its root lies a commonality of lacking consideration for others.
Analyzes the underlying commonality in the usage of 'wagamama'.
現代社会における個人主義の台頭は、個人の幸福追求を肯定する一方で、それが過度になると「わがまま」との境界線が曖昧になり、社会的な調和を乱す要因となりうる。
The rise of individualism in modern society, while affirming the pursuit of personal happiness, can blur the line with 'selfishness' when it becomes excessive, potentially disrupting social harmony.
Discusses the societal implications of individualism and 'wagamama'.
彼の芸術活動における妥協を許さない姿勢は、一部からは「わがまま」と断じられる一方で、その揺るぎない信念こそが彼の作品に深みを与えているという評価もある。
His uncompromising stance in his artistic activities is judged as 'selfish' by some, while others praise it, stating that his unwavering conviction is precisely what gives his work depth.
Presents a nuanced view where 'wagamama' can be seen as conviction.
「わがまま」を単なる否定的な特性として片付けるのではなく、その行動の背景にある心理や、それが個人や社会に与える影響を多角的に考察することが、より深い理解に繋がる。
Rather than dismissing 'selfishness' as merely a negative trait, a deeper understanding can be achieved by multi-faceted consideration of the psychology behind the behavior and its impact on individuals and society.
Advocates for a deeper analysis of 'wagamama'.
文化的な価値観の違いにより、「わがまま」と見なされる行動が、別の文化では許容されたり、あるいは肯定的に捉えられたりすることもある。
Due to differences in cultural values, behavior considered 'selfish' in one culture may be tolerated or even viewed positively in another.
Highlights the cultural relativity of the concept of 'wagamama'.
自己肯定感を高めることは重要だが、それが他者への配慮を怠る「わがまま」に転化しないよう、常に自己省察を怠ってはならない。
While enhancing self-esteem is important, one must never neglect self-reflection to ensure it does not transform into 'selfishness' that disregards consideration for others.
Emphasizes the need for self-reflection to prevent 'wagamama'.
子供の「わがまま」な要求に正面から向き合うことは、親にとって容易ではないが、その対応次第で子供の人間形成に大きな影響を与える。
Directly confronting a child's 'selfish' demands is not easy for parents, but the way they respond significantly influences the child's character development.
Focuses on the parental role in shaping a child's response to 'wagamama'.
「わがまま」という言葉の持つネガティブな響きとは裏腹に、時には自己の信念を貫くための必要な強さとして、その側面を捉えることもできる。
Contrary to the negative connotations of the word 'selfish', at times, its aspect can be viewed as the necessary strength to uphold one's convictions.
Suggests a positive interpretation of 'wagamama' as conviction.
「わがまま」という概念は、個人の自律性と社会的調和との間の絶え間ない緊張関係を映し出しており、その解釈は時代や文化によって変遷してきた。
The concept of 'selfishness' reflects the perpetual tension between individual autonomy and social harmony, and its interpretation has evolved across eras and cultures.
Discusses the historical and cultural evolution of the concept of 'wagamama'.
他者への共感能力の欠如、あるいは自己の欲求充足への過度な没頭は、「わがまま」という形容詞に集約されるが、その病理的な側面は精神医学的な分析を要する場合もある。
A lack of empathy for others, or an excessive immersion in satisfying one's own desires, is encapsulated by the adjective 'selfish', but its pathological aspects may sometimes require psychiatric analysis.
Explores the potential psychological and pathological dimensions of 'wagamama'.
個人の自由を最大限に尊重するリベラルな思想は、「わがまま」との峻別が困難な場合があり、その線引きは常に議論の的となっている。
Liberal thought, which maximally respects individual freedom, can sometimes make it difficult to strictly distinguish from 'selfishness', and the demarcation line is always a subject of debate.
Examines the intersection of liberalism, freedom, and 'wagamama'.
「わがまま」という言葉が内包する非難のニュアンスは、しばしば、その行動の背後にある文化的、社会的、あるいは個人的な要因を看過させる。
The nuance of condemnation inherent in the word 'selfish' often leads to overlooking the cultural, social, or personal factors behind the behavior.
Critiques the tendency to overlook underlying factors when labeling behavior as 'wagamama'.
自己実現の追求が、他者への依存や共生を否定する「わがまま」な態度に陥らないよう、社会全体でそのバランス感覚を養うことが喫緊の課題である。
It is an urgent task for society as a whole to cultivate a sense of balance so that the pursuit of self-realization does not fall into a 'selfish' attitude that denies dependence on and coexistence with others.
Emphasizes societal responsibility in preventing the negative aspects of self-realization from becoming 'wagamama'.
「わがまま」と「自己主張」の弁証法的な関係性を理解することは、人間関係の機微を読み解く上で不可欠であり、その境界線は極めて流動的である。
Understanding the dialectical relationship between 'selfishness' and 'assertiveness' is indispensable for deciphering the subtleties of human relationships, and the boundary between them is extremely fluid.
Explores the dialectical relationship between 'wagamama' and assertiveness.
文化相対主義の観点からは、「わがまま」というレッテル貼りは、異文化理解を阻害する要因となりうるため、慎重な言語運用が求められる。
From the perspective of cultural relativism, labeling behavior as 'selfish' can hinder cross-cultural understanding, thus requiring careful language use.
Argues for cautious language use regarding 'wagamama' from a cultural relativist standpoint.
個人の内発的な動機に基づく行動が、社会的な規範や他者の期待との間に齟齬を生じた際に、「わがまま」という形容詞がその乖離を端的に表現する。
When actions based on an individual's intrinsic motivations create a discrepancy with social norms or others' expectations, the adjective 'selfish' succinctly expresses that divergence.
Defines 'wagamama' as an expression of divergence between internal motivation and external expectations.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To say selfish things or make selfish demands. Often used for children's complaints.
子供が「もっとおもちゃがほしい！」とわがままを言った。 (Kodomo ga 'motto omocha ga hoshii!' to wagamama o itta.) The child made a selfish demand, saying, 'I want more toys!'
— Doing whatever one wants without any restraint or consideration for others. Acting completely selfishly.
一人暮らしになって、わがまま放題できるようになった。 (Hitori gurashi ni natte, wagamama hōdai dekiru yō ni natta.) Since I started living alone, I can do whatever I please.
— To insist on having one's own way; to get one's own way.
彼はいつも自分の意見を通そうとする、かなりわがままな人だ。 (Kare wa itsumo jibun no iken o tōso to suru, kanari wagamama na hito da.) He's quite a selfish person who always tries to get his own way.
— To grow up selfishly; to be spoiled.
両親に甘やかされて、わがままに育ってしまった。 (Ryōshin ni amayakasa rete, wagamama ni sodatte shimatta.) I was spoiled by my parents and grew up selfishly.
— A selfish personality.
彼のわがままな性格のせいで、友達が離れていった。 (Kare no wagamama na seikaku no sei de, tomodachi ga hanarete itta.) His selfish personality caused his friends to drift away.
— A selfish person.
彼女は周りのことを全く考えない、わがままな人だ。 (Kanojo wa mawari no koto o mattaku kangaenai, wagamama na hito da.) She is a selfish person who doesn't think about others at all.
— Selfish behavior.
公共の場でのわがままな行動は、周りの人に迷惑をかける。 (Kōkyō no ba de no wagamama na kōdō wa, mawari no hito ni meiwaku o kakeru.) Selfish behavior in public places inconveniences others.
— Selfish demands.
子供のわがままな要求に、親は困惑していた。 (Kodomo no wagamama na yōkyū ni, oya wa konwaku shite ita.) The parents were perplexed by the child's selfish demands.
— A selfish choice.
それは、自分のためだけのわがままな選択だった。 (Sore wa, jibun no tame dake no wagamama na sentaku datta.) That was a selfish choice, only for oneself.
— To allow or indulge someone's selfishness.
親は子供のわがままを許しすぎてはいけない。 (Oya wa kodomo no wagamama o yurushi sugite wa ikenai.) Parents should not indulge their children's selfishness too much.
Often Confused With
Very similar, but 'jibun katte na' can sometimes imply a stronger disregard for rules or established plans, whereas 'wagamama na' often focuses more on personal desires and inconsideration of others' feelings.
While a 'ganko na' person might act 'wagamama', 'ganko na' specifically means stubborn or inflexible, not necessarily selfish. One can be stubborn without being inconsiderate.
This means 'spoiled'. A 'wagamama na' child is often a result of being 'amayakasareta', but 'wagamama na' describes the behavior itself, while 'amayakasareta' describes the state of being spoiled.
Idioms & Expressions
— To do as one pleases without any restraint or consideration for others; to act completely selfishly.
一人暮らしになって、わがまま放題できるようになった。 (Hitori gurashi ni natte, wagamama hōdai dekiru yō ni natta.) Since I started living alone, I can do whatever I please.
Informal— To complain or demand selfishly; to make a fuss.
子供が「おやつが食べたい！」とわがままを言った。 (Kodomo ga 'oyatsu ga tabetai!' to wagamama o itta.) The child complained selfishly, 'I want to eat snacks!'
Informal— To insist on having one's own way; to get one's own way.
彼はいつも自分の意見を通そうとする、かなりわがままな人だ。 (Kare wa itsumo jibun no iken o tōso to suru, kanari wagamama na hito da.) He's quite a selfish person who always tries to get his own way.
Neutral— To grow up selfishly; to be spoiled.
甘やかされて、わがままに育ってしまった。 (Amayakasa rete, wagamama ni sodatte shimatta.) I was spoiled and grew up selfishly.
Neutral— The height of selfishness; the ultimate selfish act.
彼の行為は、わがままの限りだと言えるだろう。 (Kare no kōi wa, wagamama no kagiri da to ieru darō.) His actions could be called the height of selfishness.
Formal/Strong— A lump or embodiment of selfishness; someone who is extremely selfish.
あの人はまさにわがままの塊だ。 (Ano hito wa masa ni wagamama no katamari da.) That person is truly a lump of selfishness.
Informal/Strong— To reform one's selfish attitude.
彼は自分のわがままな態度を改める必要がある。 (Kare wa jibun no wagamama na taido o aratameru hitsuyō ga aru.) He needs to reform his selfish attitude.
Neutral— To impose one's selfishness or will on others.
他人に対して自分のわがままを押し付けるのはやめなさい。 (Tanin ni taishite jibun no wagamama o oshitsukeru no wa yamenasai.) Stop imposing your selfishness on others.
Neutral/Strong— To make a selfish choice.
それは、自分のためだけのわがままな選択だった。 (Sore wa, jibun no tame dake no wagamama na sentaku datta.) That was a selfish choice, only for oneself.
Neutral— To live selfishly; to live life according to one's own desires without regard for others.
世間体を気にせず、わがままに生きるのも一つの生き方だ。 (Sekentai o ki ni sezu, wagamama ni ikiru no mo hitotsu no ikikata da.) Living selfishly without worrying about appearances is also one way to live.
Neutral/PhilosophicalEasily Confused
Both words describe actions or people that prioritize oneself over others.
'Wagamama na' often emphasizes the lack of consideration for others' feelings and desires, especially in a way that might seem childish or demanding. 'Jibun katte na' can lean more towards acting according to one's own will or convenience, sometimes disregarding rules or established plans, and can feel slightly stronger in its implication of independence from external constraints.
子供が「僕だけこのおもちゃで遊びたい！」と言うのは<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>わがままな</mark>行動だ。 (Kodomo ga 'Boku dake kono omocha de asobitai!' to iu no wa <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>wagamama na</mark> kōdō da.) A child saying 'I only want to play with this toy!' is selfish behavior. 彼は、会議の時間を無視して、自分の都合で遅れてきた。それは<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自分勝手な</mark>行動だ。 (Kare wa, kaigi no jikan o mushi shite, jibun no tsugō de okurete kita. Sore wa <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>jibun katte na</mark> kōdō da.) He ignored the meeting time and came late according to his own convenience. That was self-willed behavior.
Both relate to a focus on oneself.
'Jikōchūshin teki' is a more formal and analytical term, literally meaning 'self-centered'. It describes a general tendency to view the world from one's own perspective and prioritize one's own needs and interests above all else. It's often used in psychological or sociological contexts. 'Wagamama na' is more colloquial and often implies a more active display of selfishness, such as making demands or refusing to compromise, and can carry a nuance of immaturity.
彼の行動は、極めて<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自己中心的</mark>だ。 (Kare no kōdō wa, kiwamete <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>jikōchūshin teki</mark> da.) His actions are extremely self-centered. 子供が<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>わがままな</mark>ことを言って、おやつを要求した。 (Kodomo ga <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>wagamama na</mark> koto o itte, o-yatsu o yōkyū shita.) The child said something selfish and demanded sweets.
Both words translate to 'selfish' in English.
'Rikoteki' (and its adjectival form 'rikoteki na') is a more formal and often stronger term for selfishness. It implies a deliberate pursuit of one's own benefit, often at the expense of others, and carries a strong negative moral judgment. 'Wagamama na' is more common in everyday conversation and can describe less severe forms of selfishness, sometimes with a nuance of childishness or inconsideration rather than outright malicious self-interest.
そのビジネスマンは<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>利己的</mark>な行動で評判を落とした。 (Sono bijinesuman wa <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>rikoteki</mark> na kōdō de hyōban o otoshita.) That businessman lost his reputation due to his selfish actions. 子供が<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>わがままな</mark>態度をとった。 (Kodomo ga <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>wagamama na</mark> taido o totta.) The child took a selfish attitude.
Both words relate to the self, but in opposite ways.
'Gaman' means endurance, patience, or self-restraint – the ability to tolerate hardship or suppress one's own desires for a greater good or out of consideration for others. 'Wagamama na' is the opposite; it's about indulging one's own desires without restraint or consideration. They represent opposing virtues or vices.
彼は<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>我慢</mark>強く、困難な状況でも耐え抜いた。 (Kare wa <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>gaman</mark> tsuyoku, konnan na jōkyō demo taenui ta.) He endured hardship with strong patience. 子供が<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>わがまま</mark>を言ったので、<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>我慢</mark>するように教えた。 (Kodomo ga <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>wagamama</mark> o itta node, <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>gaman</mark> suru yō ni oshie ta.) Because the child was being selfish, I taught him to be patient.
Both relate to how one interacts with others, but one is about self-focus and the other is about other-focus.
'Omoiyari' means consideration, thoughtfulness, or empathy for others. It is the direct opposite of 'wagamama na', which implies a lack of such consideration. Someone with 'omoiyari' actively thinks about and cares for others' feelings and needs, whereas a 'wagamama na' person prioritizes their own.
彼女の<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>思いやり</mark>のある行動に、みんな感動した。 (Kanojo no <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>omoiyari</mark> no aru kōdō ni, minna kandō shita.) Everyone was moved by her considerate actions. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>わがままな</mark>態度では、<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>思いやり</mark>は生まれない。 (<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>Wagamama na</mark> taido de wa, <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>omoiyari</mark> wa umarenai.) Consideration does not arise from a selfish attitude.
Sentence Patterns
Noun + は (wa) + わがまま + です (desu).
あの人はわがままです。 (Ano hito wa wagamama desu.) That person is selfish.
わがままな + Noun.
わがままな子供は、みんなに嫌われる。 (Wagamama na kodomo wa, minna ni kirawareru.) Selfish children are disliked by everyone.
Verb (plain form) + のは (no wa) + わがままだ (wagamama da).
自分のことしか考えないのはわがままだ。 (Jibun no koto shika kangaenai no wa wagamama da.) Only thinking about oneself is selfish.
Noun + は (wa) + わがままな + Noun.
彼女は、わがままな性格をしている。 (Kanojo wa, wagamama na seikaku o shite iru.) She has a selfish personality.
わがままを言う (wagamama o iu).
子供が「もっとお菓子がほしい！」とわがままを言った。 (Kodomo ga 'motto o-kashi ga hoshii!' to wagamama o itta.) The child said selfishly, 'I want more sweets!'
Noun + は (wa) + わがままの極み (wagamama no kiwami).
彼の態度には、わがままの極みを感じた。 (Kare no taido ni wa, wagamama no kiwami o kanjita.) I felt the extreme of selfishness in his attitude.
Noun + に + わがままを言う (ni + wagamama o iu).
彼は母親にわがままを言った。 (Kare wa hahaoya ni wagamama o itta.) He made selfish demands to his mother.
Verb (plain form) + のは (no wa) + わがままに他ならない (wagamama ni hokanaranai).
他人への配慮を欠くのは、わがままに他ならない。 (Tanin e no hairyo o kaku no wa, wagamama ni hokanaranai.) Lacking consideration for others is nothing other than selfishness.
Word Family
Nouns
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
High. Very common in everyday spoken Japanese.
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Omitting 'na' before a noun.
→
わがままな人 (wagamama na hito)
Forgetting the 'na' particle is a common grammatical error for 'na'-adjectives. 'Wagamama' needs 'na' when it directly modifies a noun.
-
Using 'wagamama na' for simple independence.
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自立した (jiritsu shita) or 自分のやり方をする (jibun no yarikata o suru)
'Wagamama na' implies inconsideration for others, not just independence. Using it for someone who is merely independent or has their own way of doing things can be an overstatement.
-
Confusing 'wagamama' (noun) with 'wagamama na' (adjective).
→
彼はわがままだ (Kare wa wagamama da) - He is selfish. vs. 彼はわがままな人だ (Kare wa wagamama na hito da) - He is a selfish person.
While related, their grammatical roles differ. 'Wagamama da' uses 'wagamama' as a noun predicate, while 'wagamama na' modifies a noun.
-
Overusing 'wagamama na' in formal contexts.
→
自己中心的 (jikōchūshin teki) or 利己的 (rikoteki)
'Wagamama na' is generally informal or neutral. In formal writing or speech, more analytical terms are often preferred to avoid sounding overly critical or childish.
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Applying 'wagamama na' to inanimate objects.
→
Not applicable, as it describes people or their behavior.
'Wagamama na' is exclusively used for living beings, particularly humans, to describe their traits or actions. It cannot be applied to objects.
Tips
The 'na' Particle
Remember that 'wagamama na' is an 'na'-adjective. This means when you use it directly before a noun, you must include 'na'. For example, 'wagamama na kodomo' (selfish child), not 'wagamama kodomo'.
Think of the Opposite
Understanding the antonyms like 'omoiyari no aru' (considerate) or 'kyōchōsei no aru' (cooperative) can help solidify the meaning of 'wagamama na' by highlighting what it is *not*.
Even Stress
The syllables in 'wagamama na' generally receive fairly even stress. Avoid over-emphasizing any one syllable, and focus on clear pronunciation of each sound: wa-ga-ma-ma-na.
Visual Association
Imagine a child saying 'Wa! Ga! Mama!' while stomping their feet, refusing to share. This sound and image can powerfully link the word to its meaning of selfish insistence.
Cultural Nuance
In Japan, where group harmony is valued, 'wagamama na' behavior is often seen negatively. Recognizing this cultural context helps understand why the word is used and how it might be perceived.
Sentence Building
Actively create sentences using 'wagamama na' in different contexts: describing a person, their actions, or their personality. This active recall is crucial for mastering the word.
Distinguish from Similar Words
Be aware of words like 'jibun katte na' (self-willed) and 'jikōchūshin teki' (self-centered). While related, they have subtle differences in nuance and formality that are important for precise expression.
Observe in Media
Watch Japanese dramas, anime, or read manga. Pay attention to how characters described as 'wagamama na' behave and how other characters react to them. This provides real-world context.
Examine Your Own Behavior
Consider situations where you might have acted selfishly or inconsiderately. Reflecting on your own behavior can deepen your understanding of the word and its implications.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a child saying 'Wa-ga-ma-ma!' while stomping their feet and refusing to share their toys. 'Wa-ga-ma-ma!' sounds like a childish tantrum, perfectly capturing the essence of being selfish and wanting things their way.
Visual Association
Picture a person with a giant 'ME' sign emblazoned on their chest, pushing others away. The 'ME' represents 'waga' (self), and the pushing away shows the disregard for others inherent in 'wagamama na'.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe a situation where someone acted 'wagamama na' using the phrase in a sentence. Focus on the action and the lack of consideration for others.
Word Origin
The word 'wagamama' is believed to have originated from the older term 'waga mama', where 'waga' (我) means 'self' or 'I', and 'mama' (儘) means 'as one pleases' or 'according to one's will'. Thus, 'waga mama' literally means 'my own will' or 'doing as I please'. Over time, it evolved into 'wagamama'.
Original meaning: Doing as one pleases, according to one's own will.
JaponicCultural Context
While 'wagamama na' is a common word, it should be used with some discretion when describing people, especially adults, as it can be perceived as quite critical. In formal settings, more neutral terms like 'jikōchūshin teki' might be preferred.
While 'selfish' is a direct translation, the Japanese term 'wagamama na' often carries a nuance of childishness or a lack of maturity when applied to adults, suggesting they are not acting in a socially appropriate manner for their age. It's less about deep-seated malice and more about a failure to consider others' perspectives or needs.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Parenting and child-rearing discussions.
- 子供がわがままを言う
- わがままに育つ
- 甘やかす
- しつけ
Describing personality traits.
- わがままな人
- わがままな性格
- 自分勝手
- 思いやりがない
Social interactions and group dynamics.
- 周りの迷惑になる
- 協調性がない
- 自分の都合だけ考える
- 空気が読めない
Expressing mild criticism or disapproval.
- ちょっとわがままだ
- そういうのはわがままだよ
- わがままは良くない
Media and fictional character descriptions.
- わがままな主人公
- 悪役のわがままな性格
- 成長物語
Conversation Starters
"Do you think it's natural for children to be selfish sometimes?"
"When do you think someone is being too selfish?"
"What's the difference between being assertive and being selfish?"
"How do you handle situations where someone is acting selfishly?"
"Is it possible for a person to be too considerate and not selfish enough?"
Journal Prompts
Reflect on a time you might have acted selfishly. What was the situation and how did you feel afterwards?
Describe someone you know who you consider to be 'wagamama na'. What specific behaviors make you think so?
How important is it for individuals to balance their own desires with the needs of others in society?
Write about a character from a book or movie who exemplifies 'wagamama na' behavior. Analyze their motivations and consequences.
What are the potential long-term effects on a person who consistently acts selfishly?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsGenerally, yes, 'wagamama na' carries a negative connotation, implying selfishness and inconsideration. However, when applied to very young children, it can sometimes be used with a degree of indulgence or understanding, acknowledging that such behavior is typical for their age. But even then, the underlying meaning is still about prioritizing oneself over others.
No, 'wagamama na' is primarily used to describe people or their behavior. You cannot say 'wagamama na car' or 'wagamama na idea'. However, you can describe actions or attitudes as 'wagamama na', such as 'wagamama na行動' (selfish behavior) or 'wagamama na要求' (selfish demands).
While 'selfish' is the most direct translation, 'wagamama na' can sometimes carry a nuance of childishness or immaturity, especially when applied to adults. It implies a lack of consideration for others' feelings or needs, often leading to demanding or willful behavior, which aligns well with 'selfish' but can also include aspects of being willful or spoiled.
'Wagamama na' is an 'na'-adjective. When it directly modifies a noun, you must add 'na' (e.g., わがままな人 - wagamama na hito). When it functions as a predicate (describing the subject), you can use 'wagamama da' (plain form) or 'wagamama desu' (polite form) (e.g., 彼はわがままだ - Kare wa wagamama da).
In some very specific contexts, particularly in discussions about personal freedom or artistic integrity, a strong adherence to one's own vision might be described as 'wagamama' by critics, but defended by proponents as necessary conviction. However, this is a nuanced interpretation, and the term itself remains largely negative. It's more about distinguishing between necessary self-assertion and inconsiderate selfishness.
'Wagamama o iu' literally means 'to say selfish things' and often refers to specific complaints, demands, or expressions of discontent that are considered selfish. 'Wagamama da' is a more general statement declaring that someone or something *is* selfish. For example, a child might 'wagamama o iu' (complain selfishly) about not getting candy, and the parent might say 'That child is 'wagamama da'' (is selfish).
Generally, 'wagamama na' is more common in spoken language and informal writing. In formal academic or business writing, more neutral or analytical terms like '自己中心的 (jikōchūshin teki)' (self-centered) or '利己的 (rikoteki)' (selfish, often with a stronger negative implication) might be preferred.
Context and tone are crucial. Using it for children's minor demands is usually acceptable. When referring to adults, consider if a softer term or a more descriptive approach is needed. Sometimes, framing it as a 'tendency' (傾向がある - keikō ga aru) can soften the impact.
'Wagamama hōdai' (わがまま放題) is an idiomatic phrase meaning to do whatever one pleases without any restraint or consideration for others. It implies acting completely selfishly and without limits.
Yes, 'wagamama' (without the 'na') can be used as a noun meaning 'selfishness' or 'a selfish person'. For example, '彼はわがままだ' (Kare wa wagamama da) means 'He is selfish', where 'wagamama' functions as a noun predicate. However, when modifying a noun directly, it becomes 'wagamama na'.
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Summary
The Japanese adjective <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>わがままな (wagamama na)</mark> is used to describe someone who is selfish, willful, and acts solely according to their own desires without considering others. It carries a negative connotation and is frequently used in everyday conversation, especially when discussing children's behavior, but can also apply to adults. Grammatically, it's an 'na'-adjective, requiring 'na' when modifying a noun. For example, 'wagamama na kodomo' (selfish child).
- Selfish, willful, doing only what one wants.
- Implies a lack of consideration for others.
- Commonly used for children but also for adults.
- Grammatically an 'na'-adjective.
The 'na' Particle
Remember that 'wagamama na' is an 'na'-adjective. This means when you use it directly before a noun, you must include 'na'. For example, 'wagamama na kodomo' (selfish child), not 'wagamama kodomo'.
Context is Key
While 'wagamama na' is common, its appropriateness depends on the situation. It's frequently used for children's behavior but can sound quite critical when applied to adults. Consider the relationship and formality of the situation.
Think of the Opposite
Understanding the antonyms like 'omoiyari no aru' (considerate) or 'kyōchōsei no aru' (cooperative) can help solidify the meaning of 'wagamama na' by highlighting what it is *not*.
Even Stress
The syllables in 'wagamama na' generally receive fairly even stress. Avoid over-emphasizing any one syllable, and focus on clear pronunciation of each sound: wa-ga-ma-ma-na.
Related Content
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ぼんやり
B1Vaguely; absentmindedly; dimly.
夢中
B1Absorption; engrossment; infatuation.
受け止める
B1To accept; to take; to grasp.
達成感
B1Sense of accomplishment.
ひしひしと
B1Acutely; keenly; strongly (feeling something).
適応する
B1To adapt; to adjust.
健気な
B2Brave, admirable, or plucky (especially of a weaker person).
感心な
B1Admirable; deserving admiration.
感心
B1Admiration, impression, or being impressed.
感心する
B1To be impressed; to admire.
