A1 Nouns & Pronouns 13 min read Easy

Persian Personal Pronouns: I, You, He/She (man, to, u)

Persian pronouns are gender-blind and often optional, relying on politeness levels and verb endings for clear meaning.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Persian personal pronouns are simple: man (I), to (you), and u (he/she) are the building blocks of every sentence.

  • Use 'man' for I: 'man irani hastam' (I am Iranian).
  • Use 'to' for informal you: 'to kojayi?' (Where are you?).
  • Use 'u' for he or she: 'u doktor ast' (He/she is a doctor).
Subject (man/to/u) + Noun/Adjective + Verb

Overview

Personal pronouns are fundamental building blocks of any language, and Persian is no exception. They allow you to refer to individuals or groups without constantly repeating their names. In Persian, mastering man (من), to (تو), and u (او) is essential for constructing even the most basic sentences and engaging in simple conversations.

These pronouns serve as direct substitutes for nouns, streamlining communication and adding efficiency to your speech.

A distinctive feature of Persian is its gender-neutrality. Unlike many European languages that distinguish between 'he' and 'she,' Persian uses a single pronoun, u, for both masculine and feminine singular third-person references. This simplification removes a common hurdle for learners, as you never need to worry about grammatical gender agreement for pronouns or the verbs that follow them.

This characteristic reflects a broader linguistic pattern in Persian, which generally lacks grammatical gender markers.

While personal pronouns are crucial, Persian is also a pro-drop language. This means that in many contexts, the subject pronoun can be omitted entirely without loss of meaning, as the verb's ending (شناسه, shenâse) often clearly indicates who is performing the action. This linguistic efficiency means that pronouns are frequently used for emphasis or when introducing new information, rather than in every instance.

Understanding when to use and when to omit pronouns is key to sounding natural and fluent in Persian.

How This Grammar Works

Persian personal pronouns function similarly to their English counterparts by standing in for nouns, but with important distinctions in usage and social convention. The core singular pronouns you will encounter at this level are man (من - I), to (تو - you, informal singular), and u (او - he/she/it). These form the basis for self-reference, direct address, and third-person singular references, respectively.
Central to using these pronouns effectively is understanding the concept of pro-drop, or subject omission. In Persian, the verb itself carries rich information about the subject's person and number through its personal endings. For example, the ending -am (ـم) consistently signifies 'I,' and -i (ـی) signifies 'you' (informal singular).
Consequently, once the subject is established in a conversation, native speakers frequently omit the pronoun. Consider miravam (می‌روم), meaning 'I go.' The pronoun man is often unstated because the -am ending unambiguously identifies the speaker. The inclusion of the pronoun man in man miravam (من می‌روم) then adds a layer of emphasis, conveying 'I go' or 'as for me, I go,' drawing particular attention to the subject.
Another critical aspect is the politeness distinction embedded within the second-person pronouns. While English uses a single 'you,' Persian differentiates. to (تو) is reserved for informal contexts: addressing close friends, family members, children, or even pets.
For any other situation requiring respect or formality, such as speaking to strangers, elders, or superiors, the pronoun shomâ (شما) is employed. Although shomâ literally means 'you (plural),' it functions as the polite singular 'you' as well. This dual function necessitates careful attention, as misuse can inadvertently convey rudeness or an inappropriate level of intimacy.
These social conventions are deeply ingrained in Persian communication and extend even to the third-person, where ishân (ایشان) can serve as a highly respectful, gender-neutral singular pronoun for distinguished individuals, always accompanied by a plural verb form.

Formation Pattern

1
Persian personal pronouns are straightforward in their form, as they do not inflect for case (like 'I' vs. 'me' in English) or gender. Each pronoun has a single, unchanging form regardless of its role in a sentence (subject, object, etc.), which greatly simplifies learning. The primary challenge for learners often lies in their correct usage with verb conjugations and the appropriate politeness level.
2
Here is the core set of personal pronouns in Persian:
3
| Pronoun | Transliteration | Persian Script (Full) | Persian Script (Common) | Meaning | Usage |
4
| :-------- | :-------------- | :-------------------- | :---------------------- | :------------ | :---------------------------------- |
5
| من | man | مَن | من | I | First person, singular |
6
| تو | to | توُ | تو | You | Second person, informal singular |
7
| او | u | اوُ | او | He/She/It | Third person, singular (gender-neutral) |
8
| ما | mâ | ما | ما | We | First person, plural |
9
| شما | shomâ | شُما | شما | You | Second person, formal singular or plural |\
10
| آنها | ânhâ | آنها | آنها | They | Third person, plural |
11
Note on Persian Script: While short vowels (ُ, َ, ِ) are integral to pronunciation, they are often omitted in standard written Persian, especially in everyday texts, and are typically inferred by native speakers. For learning purposes, including them (as in 'Full' script above) can aid pronunciation, but you will mostly encounter the 'Common' script.
12
To form a basic sentence, you combine the pronoun with a conjugated verb. The verb ending (the شناسه, shenâse) changes to agree with the pronoun's person and number. The most common verb introduced at an A1 level is بودن (budan - to be), which is often realized as hast (هست) or its short form ast (است) in the present tense.
13
Conjugation of بودن (to be) in the Present Tense with Pronouns:
14
| Pronoun | Verb (بودن) | Transliteration | English | Example | Translation |
15
| :-------- | :-------------------- | :-------------- | :-------------------- | :-------------------------- | :--------------------------- |\
16
| من | هستَم | hastam | I am | من معلم هستم. | Man mo'allem hastam. | I am a teacher. |\
17
| تو | هستی | hasti | You are (informal sing.) | تو دانشجو هستی. | To dâneshju hasti. | You are a student. |\
18
| او | اَست / هَست | ast / hast | He/She/It is | او دوست من است. | U dust-e man ast. | He/She is my friend. |\
19
| ما | هستيم | hastim | We are | ما ایرانی هستیم. | Mâ Irâni hastim. | We are Iranian. |\
20
| شما | هستيد | hastid | You are (formal sing./pl.) | شما اهل کجا هستید؟ | Shomâ ahl-e kojâ hastid? | Where are you from? (formal) |\
21
| آنها | هَستَند | hastand | They are | آنها پزشک هستند. | Ânhâ pezeshk hastand. | They are doctors. |\
22
Note on ast vs. hast: Both ast (است) and hast (هست) mean 'is' in the present tense for the third-person singular. ast is the more common, enclitic form, often attached to the preceding word, and is generally used when simply stating a fact. hast carries a slightly stronger sense of 'existence' or 'being present,' and it can be used for emphasis or when there's no preceding word to attach ast to. For A1 learners, ast is usually sufficient for most statements of being.

Gender & Agreement

One of the most user-friendly aspects of Persian grammar, particularly for those accustomed to languages with grammatical gender, is the complete absence of gender distinction in personal pronouns. This principle significantly simplifies sentence construction and reduces a common source of error for learners. The pronoun u (او) serves universally for 'he,' 'she,' and 'it.' You do not need to alter u based on the biological sex of the person you are referring to, nor do you need a separate pronoun for inanimate objects.
This gender neutrality extends beyond pronouns to the entire verbal system and most adjectives. Persian verbs do not conjugate differently for male or female subjects; they only agree in person and number. For instance, او رفت (u raft) means 'He/She went.' Similarly, adjectives like زیبا (zibâ - beautiful) remain unchanged whether describing a man, a woman, or an object: او زیبا است (u zibâ ast - He/She/It is beautiful).
However, while the grammar itself is gender-neutral, social conventions introduce nuances, particularly in formal contexts. To show profound respect for a single individual, especially an elder, a professional, or someone of high status, Persian speakers might employ shomâ (شما - literally 'you plural') or ishân (ایشان - a very formal 'they/he/she') as a respectful, singular third-person pronoun. When shomâ or ishân refers to one person in this respectful manner, the verb that follows must still take the plural ending.
This is a critical point of grammatical agreement and a common area for mistakes:
  • Incorrect: استاد آمد. (Ostâd âmad. - The professor came. Ambiguous politeness, assumes singular verb for professor)
  • Correct and Respectful: استاد آمدند. (Ostâd âmadand. - The professor came. Plural verb -and on âmadand implies respect for singular 'professor'. The implied pronoun is ishân or shomâ.
  • Incorrect: مدیر مشغول است. (Modir mashghul ast. - The manager is busy. Lacks formal respect.
  • Correct and Respectful: مدیر مشغول هستند. (Modir mashghul hastand. - The manager is busy. Plural verb hastand implies respect for singular 'manager'.
This phenomenon is known as 'royal plural' or 'plural of respect' (جمع مؤدبانه, jam'-e mo'addabâne). It's a pragmatic and social agreement rather than a strict grammatical one about number. For A1 learners, focusing on u as the standard, gender-neutral third-person singular is paramount, but being aware of this respectful plural verb usage with titles or specific pronouns like shomâ and ishân is crucial for cultural literacy.

When To Use It

The decision of whether to use a personal pronoun in Persian often hinges on clarity, emphasis, and context, particularly due to the pro-drop nature of the language. Understanding these subtle cues will make your Persian sound far more natural.
1. When Pronouns Are Necessary (For Clarity or Introduction):
  • Introducing a New Subject: When you first introduce a person or thing into the conversation, using the pronoun or noun is essential to establish who or what you are talking about.
  • من دانشجو هستم. (Man dâneshju hastam.) - I am a student.
  • او پزشک است. (U pezeshk ast.) - He/She is a doctor.
  • Preventing Ambiguity: If the context is unclear, or if there are multiple potential subjects, the pronoun clarifies who is performing the action.
  • Imagine two people, Reza and Sara. If you say رفت, it's ambiguous. But او رفت (U raft) could still be ambiguous without prior context. If you say رضا رفت. او دیر کرد. (Reza raft. U dir kard.) - Reza left. He/She was late. Here, او clarifies that the lateness is attributed to Reza.
  • Changing Subject: When the subject of a sentence changes, explicitly stating the new pronoun prevents confusion.
  • من کتاب خواندم و تو فیلم دیدی. (Man ketâb khândam va to film didi.) - I read a book and you watched a movie.
2. When Pronouns Are Optional (For Emphasis or Natural Flow - Pro-Drop):
  • Pro-Drop in Casual Conversation: Most commonly, once the subject is established and the verb ending clearly indicates the person and number, the pronoun is omitted. This is the default in casual, fluent Persian.
  • Instead of من گرسنه‌ام. (Man gorosne-am.) - I am hungry, you'll often hear گرسنه‌ام. (Gorosne-am.) - I am hungry. (The -am ending clarifies 'I'.)
  • Instead of تو کجا می‌روی؟ (To kojâ miravi?) - Where are you going? (informal), you'll hear کجا می‌روی؟ (Kojâ miravi?) - Where are you going? (The -i ending clarifies 'you' informal singular.)
  • For Emphasis: When a pronoun is used in a pro-drop context, it adds emphasis to the subject, highlighting that that specific person is the one performing the action.
  • من گفتم نه! (Man goftam na!) - I said no! (Implying others might have said yes, but I said no.)
  • تو باید بیایی. (To bâyad biyâyi.) - You must come. (Emphasizing the obligation on 'you' specifically.)
3. Politeness and Register (to vs. shomâ vs. u vs. ishân):
  • to (تو): Use this informal pronoun for:
  • Close friends and family members.
  • Children and teenagers.
  • Pets.
  • When talking to God in prayer.
  • تو خوبی؟ (To khubi?) - Are you good? (To a friend)
  • shomâ (شما): This is the all-purpose polite and plural 'you'. Use it for:
  • Strangers, acquaintances, colleagues.
  • Elders and superiors (teachers, bosses, officials).
  • Anyone you wish to show respect to.
  • When addressing more than one person, regardless of formality.
  • Crucially, remember to use a plural verb ending even when shomâ refers to a single person for politeness.
  • شما ببخشید. (Shomâ bebakhshid.) - Excuse me. (Politely to a stranger)
  • u (او): This is the standard, gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun for 'he/she/it'. Use it for:
  • Referring to a single person (male or female) in an informal or standard context.
  • Referring to inanimate objects or abstract concepts (it).
  • او اینجا نیست. (U injâ nist.) - He/She/It is not here.
  • ishân (ایشان): While u is the focus, ishân is worth noting as a highly formal and respectful third-person singular pronoun. It is always accompanied by a plural verb. It is used for individuals of very high status or when extreme deference is required.
  • ایشان تشریف آوردند. (Ishân tashrif âvardand.) - He/She arrived. (Very formal, plural verb âvardand for singular 'Ishân').

Common Mistakes

Persian learners, particularly those whose native language strictly requires subject pronouns, often make predictable errors when navigating the nuances of man, to, and u. Avoiding these common pitfalls will significantly improve your fluency and naturalness.
  • Overusing Pronouns (Pro-Drop Neglect): The most frequent mistake is directly translating English sentence structures and including a pronoun in every sentence. This sounds redundant and unnatural in Persian, where the verb ending often suffices.
  • Incorrect: من رفتم، من خوردم، من خوابیدم. (Man raftam, man khordam, man khâbidam.) - I went, I ate, I slept.
  • Correct: رفتم، خوردم، خوابیدم. (Raftam, khordam, khâbidam.) - I went, ate, slept. (The verb endings -am convey the 'I'.)
  • Why it's wrong: While grammatically comprehensible, it adds unnecessary emphasis and can make you sound self-centered or like you are reciting a list rather than engaging in a natural conversation. Let the verb endings do their work.
  • Misusing to and shomâ: Incorrectly gauging the formality of a situation and choosing the wrong second-person pronoun can lead to social awkwardness or even offense.
  • Using to with a stranger, an elder, or a superior is generally considered rude or overly familiar. It implies a level of intimacy that has not been established.
  • Incorrect: (To a shopkeeper) تو اینو داری؟ (To ino dâri?) - Do you have this? (Informal to)
  • Correct: (To a shopkeeper) شما اینو دارید؟ (Shomâ ino dârid?) - Do you have this? (Formal shomâ)
  • Conversely, using shomâ with a close friend or child might sound stiff, sarcastic, or create an unnecessary distance.
  • Incorrect: (To your child) شما گرسنه هستید؟ (Shomâ gorosne hastid?) - Are you hungry? (Formal shomâ)
  • Correct: (To your child) تو گرسنه‌ای؟ (To gorosne-i?) - Are you hungry? (Informal to)
  • Why it's wrong: This is primarily a social and cultural error. Persian society places a high value on respect and hierarchy, which is reflected in language use.
  • Incorrect Verb Agreement with Formal shomâ or ishân: When shomâ or ishân refers to a single person out of politeness, learners sometimes mistakenly use a singular verb ending.
  • Incorrect: استاد آمد. (Ostâd âmad.) - The professor came. (If intending polite reference)
  • Correct: استاد آمدند. (Ostâd âmadand.) - The professor came. (Respectful plural verb ending)
  • Why it's wrong: This demonstrates a lack of understanding of the 'plural of respect.' While the pronoun refers to one individual, the grammatical agreement is always plural with shomâ or ishân when used politely for a singular subject. Forgetting this makes the sentence sound ungrammatical or disrespectful.
  • Searching for an 'It' pronoun: Learners from languages with distinct 'he,' 'she,' and 'it' often look for a separate Persian pronoun exclusively for inanimate objects. They might overlook u's broad applicability.
  • Incorrect: Trying to find a specific word for 'it' when referring to a book or a car.
  • Correct: کتاب کجاست؟ او روی میز است. (Ketâb kojâst? U ruye miz ast.) - Where is the book? It is on the table. (Using u for 'it')
  • Why it's wrong: This is a direct transfer error from another language's grammatical structure. u (او) and ân (آن - that) are used interchangeably for both people and things in spoken Persian (often un (اون) and un (اون) in colloquial speech), making a dedicated 'it' pronoun unnecessary.

Common Collocations

Certain phrases and expressions frequently incorporate personal pronouns, sometimes in ways that might not be immediately obvious from a direct translation. Understanding these common collocations helps in using pronouns more idiomatically.
  • man-am (من هم): Meaning

Personal Pronouns

Person Persian Transliteration English
1st Singular
من
man
I
2nd Singular
تو
to
You (informal)
3rd Singular
او
u
He/She

Meanings

Personal pronouns replace the subject of a sentence to identify who is performing the action.

1

First Person Singular

Refers to the speaker.

“man hastam”

“man miravam”

2

Second Person Singular

Refers to the person being addressed (informal).

“to kojāi?”

“to khubi?”

3

Third Person Singular

Refers to a person not present or being discussed.

“u irāni ast”

“u injā ast”

Reference Table

Reference table for Persian Personal Pronouns: I, You, He/She (man, to, u)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Pronoun + Verb
man hastam
Negative
Pronoun + na + Verb
man nistam
Question
Pronoun + Verb + ?
to hasti?
Short Answer
Yes/No + Pronoun
bali, man hastam
Emphasis
Pronoun + Verb
man khodam hastam
Omission
Verb only
hastam

Formality Spectrum

Formal
man injā hastam.

man injā hastam. (Arrival)

Neutral
man injāam.

man injāam. (Arrival)

Informal
man injāam.

man injāam. (Arrival)

Slang
injāam.

injāam. (Arrival)

Pronoun Map

Persian Pronouns

1st Person

  • من I

2nd Person

  • تو You

3rd Person

  • او He/She

Pronoun Usage

Informal
تو You
Neutral
من I
او He/She

Which pronoun to use?

1

Is it me?

YES
man
NO
next
2

Is it you?

YES
to
NO
u

Pronoun Grid

👤

Singular

  • • man
  • • to
  • • u
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Examples by Level

1

man irāni hastam

I am Iranian

2

to kojāi?

Where are you?

3

u doktor ast

He/she is a doctor

4

man khoshhāl hastam

I am happy

1

man dars nemikhānam

I am not studying

2

to ketāb dāri?

Do you have a book?

3

u injā nist

He/she is not here

4

man āb mikhāham

I want water

1

man fekr mikonam u miravad

I think he/she is going

2

to bāyad be u begui

You must tell him/her

3

man dāram bā u sohbat mikonam

I am talking to him/her

4

to chera u rā nadidi?

Why didn't you see him/her?

1

u mikhāhad ke man be u komak konam

He/she wants me to help him/her

2

man motmaen hastam ke to u rā mishnāsi

I am sure you know him/her

3

u goft ke man bā to miāyam

He/she said that I am coming with you

4

man az to entezār dāram ke u rā bebinam

I expect from you to see him/her

1

u hamān kasi ast ke man bā u sohbat kardam

He/she is the same person I spoke to

2

man az u khāstam ke to rā da'vat konad

I asked him/her to invite you

3

u dar hāli ke man dars mikhāndam, vāred shod

He/she entered while I was studying

4

man hargez be u e'temād nemikonam, hālā to har che mikhāhi begu

I will never trust him/her, now you say whatever you want

1

u rā ke didam, man be u goftam ke to bāyad bā mā biāyi

When I saw him/her, I told him/her that you must come with us

2

man u rā be onvāne doust-e khodam be to mo'arefi kardam

I introduced him/her to you as my friend

3

u dar javāb-e man goft ke to hich-gāh u rā darak nakardi

He/she said in response to me that you never understood him/her

4

man u rā dar kār-e khodam dakhil kardam, hālā to chera nārāhati?

I involved him/her in my work, why are you upset now?

Easily Confused

Persian Personal Pronouns: I, You, He/She (man, to, u) vs to vs shomā

Learners use 'to' for everyone.

Persian Personal Pronouns: I, You, He/She (man, to, u) vs u vs in

Learners use 'in' for people.

Persian Personal Pronouns: I, You, He/She (man, to, u) vs Pronoun vs Verb ending

Learners think they must always use the pronoun.

Common Mistakes

✗

man hasti

✓

man hastam

Verb must match the subject.
✗

u (he) vs u (she)

✓

u for both

Persian is gender-neutral.
✗

to for teacher

✓

shomā for teacher

To is too informal.
✗

in for person

✓

u for person

In is for objects/near things.
✗

man nist

✓

man nistam

Verb ending mismatch.
✗

to miravad

✓

to miravi

Verb must match 'to'.
✗

u hastam

✓

u ast

Verb must match 'u'.
✗

man u rā didam

✓

man u rā didam

Correct, but ensure 'rā' is used.
✗

u miravam

✓

u miravad

Subject-verb agreement.
✗

to u rā dāri

✓

to u rā dāri

Correct, but check context.
✗

man u rā dāram

✓

man u rā dāram

Contextual usage of 'dāram'.
✗

u goft man miravam

✓

u goft ke miravad

Reported speech structure.
✗

man bā u sohbat kardam

✓

man bā u sohbat kardam

Correct.

Sentence Patterns

man ___ hastam.

to ___ hasti?

u ___ ast.

man ___ rā dust dāram.

Real World Usage

Social Media constant

man injāam.

Texting constant

to kojāi?

Job Interview common

man dāneshjoo hastam.

Travel common

man irāni hastam.

Food Delivery occasional

man ghazā mikhāham.

Classroom very common

to ketāb dāri?

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💡

Drop the pronoun

In casual speech, you can drop the pronoun because the verb ending tells you who it is.
⚠️

Formal vs Informal

Never use 'to' with a boss or elder. Use 'shomā'.
🎯

Gender neutrality

Don't worry about 'he' or 'she'. 'u' covers both!
💬

Politeness

Persian culture values respect. Using formal pronouns is a sign of good upbringing.

Smart Tips

Drop the pronoun if the verb ending is clear.

man hastam → hastam

Use 'shomā' for everyone you don't know well.

to kojāi? → shomā kojā hastid?

Look for the verb ending to identify the subject.

u miravad → miravad

Practice with 'man', 'to', and 'u' daily.

no practice → man, to, u practice

Pronunciation

man (short a)

Vowel length

Persian vowels can be long or short.

hast-AM

Stress

Stress is usually on the last syllable.

Question

to kojāi? ↑

Rising pitch at the end.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Man is a man (I), To is to you (you), U is for you-know-who (he/she).

Visual Association

Imagine a mirror for 'man', a finger pointing at a friend for 'to', and a mysterious shadow for 'u'.

Rhyme

Man is I, To is you, U is he or she too.

Story

I (man) walked to the park. I saw you (to) sitting on a bench. I asked where he/she (u) was.

Word Web

mantouhastamhastiast

Challenge

Write three sentences about yourself, your friend, and a celebrity using these pronouns.

Cultural Notes

Politeness is key. Always use 'shomā' for strangers.

Colloquial speech often drops the pronoun.

Pronouns are similar but pronunciation varies.

Persian pronouns derive from Middle Persian and Old Iranian roots.

Conversation Starters

“

man irāni hastam. to kojāi?

“

man dāneshjoo hastam. to chikar mikoni?

“

man ketāb dāram. to dāri?

“

man u rā didam. to u rā didi?

Journal Prompts

Describe yourself.
Describe your best friend.
What do you do every day?
Write about a person you admire.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

___ irāni hastam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man
Man is I.
Choose the correct pronoun. Multiple Choice

___ kojāi?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to
To is you.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

man hasti

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man hastam
Subject-verb agreement.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

man / doktor / hastam

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man doktor hastam
Subject + predicate + verb.
Match the pronoun. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I, you, he/she
Standard translation.
Which pronoun for 'he'? Multiple Choice

___ doktor ast.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: u
U is he/she.
Fill in the blank.

___ dars mikhāni.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to
To matches -i ending.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

u hastam

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: u hast
Verb agreement.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

___ irāni hastam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man
Man is I.
Choose the correct pronoun. Multiple Choice

___ kojāi?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to
To is you.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

man hasti

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man hastam
Subject-verb agreement.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

man / doktor / hastam

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man doktor hastam
Subject + predicate + verb.
Match the pronoun. Match Pairs

man, to, u

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I, you, he/she
Standard translation.
Which pronoun for 'he'? Multiple Choice

___ doktor ast.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: u
U is he/she.
Fill in the blank.

___ dars mikhāni.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to
To matches -i ending.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

u hastam

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: u hast
Verb agreement.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Choose the correct informal 'you'. Fill in the Blank

____ کجایی؟ (Where are you?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: تو
Fix the pronoun to mean 'We'. Error Correction

من در رستوران هستیم. (We are at the restaurant.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ما
Reorder the words to say 'He is a student'. Sentence Reorder

او / است / دانشجو

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او دانشجو است
Translate 'I am ready'. Translation

How do you say 'I am ready'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من آماده هستم
Which pronoun matches 'hastid'? Multiple Choice

Choose the correct pronoun:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: شما
Match the pronoun with its English meaning. Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من - I, ما - We, آنها - They, شما - You (Formal)
Choose the formal 'They/He/She'. Fill in the Blank

____ مدیر شرکت هستند. (He/She is the company manager.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ایشان
Which one is plural? Multiple Choice

Select the plural pronoun:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ما
Translate 'You are tired' (informal). Translation

How do you say 'You are tired'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: تو خسته هستی
Which pronoun is gender-neutral? Fill in the Blank

Persian's gender-neutral pronoun for 'He/She' is ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

No, 'u' is used for both.

Use 'to' for friends and family.

Yes, often the verb ending is enough.

Use 'shomā'.

No, Persian doesn't use capitalization.

It's just a pronunciation variation.

No, 'in' is for things.

That's 'mā'.

Scaffolded Practice

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4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

Sign up free to practice

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

yo, tú, él/ella

Persian is gender-neutral.

French moderate

je, tu, il/elle

Persian lacks gender.

German moderate

ich, du, er/sie

Persian has no cases.

Japanese low

watashi, anata, kare/kanojo

Persian uses verb endings.

Arabic partial

ana, anta/anti, huwa/hiya

Persian is gender-neutral.

Chinese high

wǒ, nǐ, tā

Persian uses verb conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Polite vs. Casual 'You' (shomā vs. to)

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