Formal Evaluation: 'Is Evaluated As' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 to formally state how someone or something is judged by others.
- Attach -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 to the preceding verb or adjective.
- Use -ㄴ 것으로 for past tense or descriptive adjectives ending in consonants.
- Use -는 것으로 for present tense verbs to show ongoing assessment.
Overview
As you navigate the B2 level of Korean, you encounter structures that elevate your expression from merely communicating facts to articulating nuanced perspectives and formal assessments. The grammar pattern -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 (romanization: _-n/eun/neun geoseuro pyeonggasaenda_) is a prime example. This construction translates to "is evaluated as," "is assessed as," or "is considered to be," and signifies a formal, objective judgment or consensus rather than a personal opinion.
It is foundational for academic writing, professional reports, news broadcasts, and any context requiring an authoritative and detached presentation of information.
Unlike colloquial expressions like -(는) 것 같아요 (it seems like) which convey personal conjecture, -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 shifts the focus from an individual's viewpoint to a broader, often implied, collective judgment or established standard. This inherent objectivity is crucial for discussions where credibility and impartiality are paramount. You'll find it indispensable when summarizing research findings, reporting on market trends, or discussing societal perceptions.
Mastering this pattern allows you to project authority and precision, making your Korean sound considerably more sophisticated and appropriate for formal discourse.
Consider the difference between saying "저는 이 제도가 좋다고 생각해요" (I think this system is good) and "이 제도는 효과적인 것으로 평가된다" (This system is evaluated as effective). The latter implies an existing, verified assessment, lending significantly more weight and credibility to the statement. This pattern underscores a key principle in formal Korean communication: the strategic use of passive voice and nominalization to depersonalize statements and universalize conclusions, a common feature in academic and journalistic texts.
How This Grammar Works
평가되다 (_pyeonggasaeda_), the passive form of 평가하다 (_pyeonggahada_, to evaluate or assess).- 1Nominalization with -ㄴ/은/는 것: The initial
-(으)ㄴ/는 것component serves as a nominalizer, transforming a preceding verb or adjective clause into a noun phrase, effectively making it "the act of..." or "the fact that...".
-(으)ㄴ 것is used for past tense verbs and adjectives. This creates a noun phrase meaning "the fact that [subject] did something" or "the state of [subject] being [adjective]."- 예:
성공하다(to succeed) →성공한 것(the fact of having succeeded) - 예:
중요하다(to be important) →중요한 것(the state of being important) -는 것is used for present tense verbs. This forms a noun phrase meaning "the act of [subject] doing something."- 예:
연구하다(to research) →연구하는 것(the act of researching)
- 1The Particle -으로 (as/into): Following the nominalized clause, the particle
으로(_eullo_) is attached. In this context,으로functions to indicate a status, qualification, or result. It means "as" or "into," defining the category or role into which the preceding nominalized action or state is being evaluated. You'll frequently encounter으로used in similar constructions, such as학생으로 살다(to live as a student) or선물로 주다(to give as a gift).
- 1The Passive Verb 평가되다 (to be evaluated): The final element is
평가되다(_pyeonggasaeda_), which is composed of the noun평가(_pyeongga_, evaluation/assessment) and the passive suffix-되다(_doeda_, to become/to be done). The use of the passive voice is paramount here. It inherently removes the direct agent of the action. By stating that something "is evaluated" rather than "someone evaluates," the statement gains an air of objectivity and generality. The evaluator becomes unspecified, implying that the judgment is either widely accepted, made by an authority (e.g., experts, market, society), or based on established criteria.
Formation Pattern
-(으)ㄴ/는 것 before adding 으로 평가된다.
ㄹ and is followed by a ㄴ, ㅂ, ㅅ sound, the ㄹ drops. However, 는 does not cause ㄹ drop, so 만들다 becomes 만드는 것으로 평가된다. For past tense, -(으)ㄴ 것 is attached after the ㄹ drops, e.g., 만들다 (to make) becomes 만든 것 (the fact of having made).
만들다 (to make) → 만든 것으로 평가된다 (is evaluated as having made)
-(으)ㄴ 것.
ㅂ will change ㅂ to 우 or 오 before a vowel. For -(으)ㄴ 것, ㅂ changes to 운. E.g., 아름답다 (to be beautiful) → 아름다운 것.
아름답다 (to be beautiful) → 아름다운 것으로 평가된다 (is evaluated as beautiful)
-(이)ㄴ 것 is used. This construction treats the noun as the state of "being" that noun.
으로 평가된다 if the noun itself describes the evaluated state, e.g., 전문가로 평가된다 (is evaluated as an expert). However, the nominalizer -(이)ㄴ 것 is more versatile for expressing "the state of being X."
When To Use It
- Academic Writing and Research: In essays, dissertations, and research papers, this pattern is indispensable for reporting findings, citing scholarly consensus, or discussing established theories. It allows you to present conclusions as outcomes of rigorous analysis rather than subjective interpretations. For example, a scientific paper might state, "이 현상은 기후 변화의 직접적인 결과인 것으로 평가된다" (_i hyeonsangeun gihu byeonhaui jikjeopjeogin gyeolgwain geoseuro pyeonggasaenda_, This phenomenon is evaluated as a direct result of climate change), indicating a scientific consensus.
- Journalism and News Reporting: News anchors and journalists employ this structure to convey information without appearing biased. When reporting on economic trends, political situations, or public sentiment, it helps present facts as generally accepted truths or official statements. You'll hear phrases like, "이번 정책은 경제 성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 평가된다" (_ibeon jeongchaekeun gyeongje seongjange geungjeongjeogin yeonghyangeul michin geoseuro pyeonggasaenda_, This policy is evaluated as having had a positive impact on economic growth).
- Business and Official Reports: In corporate settings, official documents, proposals, and performance reviews utilize this pattern to present objective evaluations of projects, products, or personnel. It conveys a professional assessment based on defined metrics or expert judgment. "새로운 제품은 시장에서 높은 경쟁력을 가진 것으로 평가된다" (_saeroun jepumeun sijangeseo nopeun gyeongjaengnyeogeul gajin geoseuro pyeonggasaenda_, The new product is evaluated as possessing high competitiveness in the market) illustrates this formal assessment.
- Formal Presentations and Public Speaking: When delivering speeches, lectures, or presentations on serious topics, using -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 reinforces your authority and the gravity of your statements. It helps project a knowledgeable and impartial persona, ensuring your audience perceives your message as well-substantiated rather than anecdotal. For instance, explaining the significance of a historical event, you might say, "그 혁명은 국가의 운명을 바꾼 결정적인 사건인 것으로 평가된다" (_geu hyeongmyeong-eun gukgaui unmyeongeul bakkun gyeoljeongjeogin sageonin geoseuro pyeonggasaenda_, That revolution is evaluated as a decisive event that changed the fate of the nation).
- Legal and Governmental Documents: This pattern is frequently found in legal verdicts, governmental reports, and policy analyses, where objective assessment and official declaration are paramount. Its use ensures that statements are understood as definitive judgments, not open to personal dispute. "피고인의 행동은 법률을 위반한 것으로 평가된다" (_pigoinui haengdongeun beomnyureul wibanhan geoseuro pyeonggasaenda_, The defendant's actions are evaluated as having violated the law) is a typical example from a legal context.
Common Mistakes
- Inappropriate Formality/Overuse: The most common mistake is using this highly formal pattern in casual conversation or for purely subjective opinions. Remember, this is not a casual way to say "I think it's good." Using it to describe personal preferences, like a dish being delicious, will sound unnatural and even humorous to native speakers. You wouldn't say "이 피자는 맛있는 것으로 평가됩니다" (This pizza is evaluated as delicious) in a casual setting;
맛있어요(_masisseoyo_, It's delicious) is sufficient. Reserve it for formal, objective assessments.
- Confusion with Active vs. Passive Voice: The pattern explicitly uses the passive verb
평가되다. A common error is to mistakenly use the active form평가하다with the same nominalizer structure, leading to "~는 것을 평가한다" (evaluates the fact that...). While grammatically correct, this changes the meaning significantly. "학생들이 그의 리더십을 높게 평가한다" (_haksaengdeuri geuui lideosibeobeul nopge pyeonggahanda_, Students highly evaluate his leadership) correctly uses the active voice when the evaluator is specified. However, "그의 리더십은 높게 평가된다" (_geuui lideosibeun nopge pyeonggasaenda_, His leadership is highly evaluated) uses the passive to imply a general or unspecified evaluator. The key is to match the voice to whether the evaluator is explicit or implicit/general.
- Incorrect Tense/Aspect of Nominalizer: Learners sometimes misapply the tense of the nominalizer
-(으)ㄴ/는 것. If the evaluation pertains to a past action or state, you must use-(으)ㄴ 것. If it's a present, ongoing action, use-는 것. Mixing these up can create ambiguity or incorrect temporal references. - Incorrect: "작년에 이 프로젝트는 성공하는 것으로 평가됩니다." (Last year, this project is succeeding as evaluated.) — This mixes past time marker
작년에with present nominalizer성공하는. - Correct: "작년에 이 프로젝트는 성공한 것으로 평가됩니다." (Last year, this project succeeded as evaluated.)
- Overlooking Irregular Conjugations: Korean has several irregular conjugations, particularly for
ㅂ,ㄷ,ㄹ, andㅅending stems. Forgetting to apply these rules to the verb or adjective stem before adding-(으)ㄴ 것can lead to errors. For example, for adjectives ending inㅂlike아름답다(_areumdapda_, beautiful), theㅂchanges to우before-(으)ㄴ 것, becoming아름다운 것(_areumdaun geot_). - Incorrect: "그 풍경은 아름답은 것으로 평가된다." (Incorrect
ㅂirregular) - Correct: "그 풍경은 아름다운 것으로 평가된다." (That scenery is evaluated as beautiful.)
- Redundancy with Other Evaluative Expressions: Avoid combining -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 with other phrases that already convey evaluation or judgment, unless a specific rhetorical effect is intended. For instance, appending
~라고 생각됩니다(_~rago saenggakdoemnida_, I think it is evaluated as...) creates redundancy. Choose the most direct and appropriate expression for the desired level of formality and objectivity.
Real Conversations
Despite its high formality, -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 is an essential pattern in various real-world scenarios beyond academic texts. While you won't encounter it in casual banter, its presence is strong in professional communication, formal discussions, and public discourse, often in forms such as 평가됩니다 (합니다체, formal polite) or 평가돼요 (해요체, standard polite).
- Work Meetings and Presentations: In a professional setting, when discussing project outcomes or performance reviews, this pattern allows you to present objective assessments. Imagine a team lead reporting on a new feature:
- "새로운 기능은 사용자 만족도를 크게 향상시킨 것으로 평가됩니다." (_saeroun gineung-eun sayongja manjokdoreul keuge hyangsangsikin geoseuro pyeonggasaemnida_)
- _The new feature is evaluated as having significantly improved user satisfaction._
- News Analysis and Documentaries: Broadcast media frequently employs this structure when analyzing current events, social trends, or historical impacts, maintaining an objective stance. A news report might state:
- "이번 정부의 경제 정책은 장기적인 관점에서 긍정적인 효과를 가져온 것으로 평가된다." (_ibeon jeongbuui gyeongje jeongchaekeun janggieojeogin gwanjeomeseo geungjeongjeogin hyogwareul gajyeoon geoseuro pyeonggasaenda_)
- _The government's economic policy is evaluated as having brought about positive effects from a long-term perspective._
- Online Forums for Experts/Professionals: In specialized online communities or professional discussion boards where members share research or industry insights, this pattern is used to present informed conclusions. For example, a tech expert discussing a new AI model:
- "해당 AI 모델은 기존의 한계를 극복한 혁신적인 기술인 것으로 평가돼요." (_haedang AI modeleun gijoneui hangyereul geukbokan hyeoksinjeogin gisurein geoseuro pyeonggasaedwaeyo_)
- _That AI model is evaluated as an innovative technology that has overcome existing limitations._
- Policy Debates and Public Hearings: During formal debates or public hearings, officials and experts use this construction to articulate policy impacts or public perceptions based on data or expert consensus.
- "새로운 환경 규제는 생태계 보호에 필수적인 조치인 것으로 평가됩니다." (_saeroun hwan-gyeong gyujeneun saengtaegye bohoe pilsusuigjeogin jochiin geoseuro pyeonggasaemnida_)
- _The new environmental regulations are evaluated as essential measures for ecosystem protection._
These examples illustrate that while highly formal, -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 is not confined to textbooks. It is an active and crucial part of formal Korean communication across various high-stakes domains. Your ability to understand and deploy it will significantly enhance your capacity to engage in sophisticated discussions and produce authoritative texts.
Quick FAQ
- Q: Can I use
평가되다on its own without the nominalizer-(으)ㄴ/는 것? - A: Yes, but with a different nuance.
평가되다simply means "to be evaluated." When combined with-(으)ㄴ/는 것으로, it specifically means "to be evaluated as (the state of doing/being something)." Without the nominalizer, you might say "이 보고서가 평가되었다" (_i bogoseoga pyeonggasaedweotsda_, This report was evaluated), which states that an evaluation occurred, but not what the evaluation concluded.
- Q: Is there a difference between
평가된다and평가됩니다or평가돼요? - A: Yes, these are different speech levels.
평가된다is the plain form (해요체/하오체) and is most common in written academic papers, news articles, and objective reports where the tone is neutral and descriptive.평가됩니다is the formal polite form (합니다체), suitable for formal speeches, presentations, and respectful professional communication.평가돼요is the standard polite form (해요체), which is still polite but slightly less formal than평가됩니다, and can appear in more informal professional contexts or polite spoken interactions. Choose the form appropriate for your audience and context.
- Q: Can this pattern be used for negative evaluations?
- A: Absolutely. This pattern is neutral in its evaluative valence. It simply states what the assessment is, whether positive or negative. For example, "그의 정책은 실패한 것으로 평가된다" (_geuui jeongchaekeun silpaehan geoseuro pyeonggasaenda_, His policy is evaluated as having failed) is a perfectly valid use.
- Q: How does this differ from
~다고 여겨지다(_~dago yeogyeojida_, is considered/regarded as)? - A: Both convey an objective consideration, but
평가된다often implies a more formal, analytical, or official assessment, often based on specific criteria or data.여겨지다is slightly broader and can refer to a general perception or common belief, which may not always stem from a formal evaluation process. Think of평가된다as "assessed through a process" and여겨지다as "generally held to be true."
- Q: Is it acceptable to use this when talking about one's own performance if it's an official report?
- A: Generally, it's more natural and humble to use
평가받다(_pyeonggabatda_, to receive an evaluation) when the subject is oneself and one is the recipient of the evaluation. For example, "저는 우수한 성과를 보인 것으로 평가받았습니다" (_jeoneun usuhan seonggwareul boin geoseuro pyeonggabateotseumnida_, I was evaluated as having shown excellent performance). While using평가된다with oneself isn't grammatically wrong, it can sound overly detached or even boastful, implying self-assessment without external validation. However, in a truly objective, third-person report about your work (e.g., written by someone else or an AI),평가된다could be used.
- Q: Can this pattern imply a future evaluation?
- A: Not directly. -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 describes a present or past state of evaluation. To discuss a future evaluation, you would typically use a future tense modifier or a different construction, such as
~로 평가될 것이다(_~ro pyeonggasael geosida_, it will be evaluated as...). The nominalizer-(으)ㄹ 것(future tense) is possible but less common with평가된다as the evaluation itself is usually a current or completed process.
- Q: What is the etymological origin of
평가? - A:
평가(評價, _pyeongga_) is a Sino-Korean word. The character評(_pyeong_) means "to criticize, judge, comment," and價(_ga_) means "price, value, worth." Thus,평가literally means "to judge the value" or "to assess the worth," perfectly reflecting its use in this grammar pattern to convey a formal assessment of something's status or quality.
Formation Table
| Tense | Verb/Adj | Structure |
|---|---|---|
|
Present
|
하다
|
하는 것으로 평가된다
|
|
Past
|
하다
|
한 것으로 평가된다
|
|
Adjective
|
좋다
|
좋은 것으로 평가된다
|
Meanings
This structure is used to report an objective or collective assessment, judgment, or evaluation of a subject.
Professional Assessment
Used in reports or news to state a consensus.
“이 정책은 성공적인 것으로 평가된다.”
“그는 유능한 리더로 평가된다.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
V/A + -는/ㄴ 것으로 평가된다
|
성공한 것으로 평가된다
|
|
Negative
|
V/A + -지 않은 것으로 평가된다
|
좋지 않은 것으로 평가된다
|
|
Question
|
V/A + -는 것으로 평가됩니까?
|
좋은 것으로 평가됩니까?
|
Formality Spectrum
그 프로젝트는 성공적인 것으로 평가됩니다. (Work report)
그 프로젝트는 성공적인 것으로 평가돼요. (Work report)
그 프로젝트는 성공적인 것으로 평가돼. (Work report)
그거 대박으로 평가됨. (Work report)
Usage Map
Contexts
- 뉴스 News
- 보고서 Report
Examples by Level
그것은 좋은 것으로 평가된다.
It is evaluated as good.
이 영화는 재미있는 것으로 평가된다.
This movie is evaluated as fun.
그 계획은 위험한 것으로 평가된다.
The plan is evaluated as dangerous.
이번 조치는 경제 회복에 도움이 되는 것으로 평가된다.
This measure is evaluated as helpful for economic recovery.
해당 논문은 학계에서 매우 중요한 것으로 평가된다.
The paper is evaluated as very important in academia.
그의 업적은 현대 예술의 전환점으로 평가된다.
His work is evaluated as a turning point in modern art.
Easily Confused
Both are used for evaluation.
Common Mistakes
나는 좋은 것으로 평가된다
그것은 좋은 것으로 평가된다
좋다고 평가된다
좋은 것으로 평가된다
평가했다
평가된다
평가하는 것으로 평가된다
평가된다
Sentence Patterns
이것은 ___ 것으로 평가된다.
Real World Usage
이 정책은 성공적인 것으로 평가된다.
Use for Objectivity
Smart Tips
Use this to sound professional.
Pronunciation
Linking
The 'ㄴ' in '것으로' links to the '으'.
Falling
평가됩니다 ↓
Finality and authority.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of a judge with a gavel: 'Evaluated' means the gavel has hit the desk.
Visual Association
Imagine a report card being stamped with 'Evaluated'.
Rhyme
When you want to sound smart and formal, use '것으로 평가된다' to be normal.
Story
The CEO looked at the project. He didn't say 'I like it.' He said, 'This is evaluated as a success.' Everyone nodded.
Word Web
Challenge
Write one sentence about your favorite book using this structure.
Cultural Notes
This is the standard way to present data in meetings.
Derived from the noun '것' (thing) and the passive verb '평가되다'.
Conversation Starters
이 영화는 어떻게 평가됩니까?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
그것은 ___ 것으로 평가된다.
Score: /1
Practice Exercises
1 exercises그것은 ___ 것으로 평가된다.
Score: /1
Practice Bank
10 exercises팀의 팀워크가 매우 ______ 것으로 평가된다.
수출이 증가한 것으로 평가된다. (Context: It is currently increasing)
평가된다 / 용기 / 있는 / 그의 / 행동은 / 것으로
이 영화는 명작인 것으로 평가된다.
Choose the correct noun evaluation:
Match the following:
반응이 ______ 것으로 평가된다.
그는 영웅인 것 평가된다.
평가된다 / AI는 / 도움이 / 되는 / 것으로
가격이 높은 것으로 평가된다.
Score: /10
FAQ (1)
No, it is too formal.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
es evaluado como
None.
est évalué comme
None.
wird als ... bewertet
None.
と評価される
None.
يُقيّم كـ
None.
被评价为
None.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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