Reporting Facts: 'It Was Found That' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다 to professionally report objective facts and data findings in formal contexts.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다 to report objective findings, research results, or statistical data in a formal, detached manner.
- Use -ㄴ/은 것으로 나타났다 for past tense or completed states (e.g., 조사한 것으로 나타났다).
- Use -는 것으로 나타났다 for present tense or ongoing processes (e.g., 증가하는 것으로 나타났다).
- Always attach to the verb stem; it functions as a noun clause followed by the verb 'to appear/be revealed'.
Overview
When you encounter data, research findings, or objective trends in Korean, you will frequently come across the grammar pattern -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다 ([-n/eun/neun geoseuro natanat-tta]). This expression serves as a cornerstone for formal reporting, signifying "it was found that," "results show that," or "it appeared that." As a B2-level learner, mastering this pattern is crucial for engaging with authentic Korean academic texts, news reports, and professional documents, enabling you to articulate findings with authority and precision.
This pattern's essence lies in its ability to present information as an objective manifestation rather than a subjective observation. It transforms a statement about a situation or action into a reported fact that has 'appeared' or 'come to light.' The core verb 나타나다 ([natana-da]), meaning "to appear," "to manifest," or "to show itself," when combined with the nominalizer 것 ([geot], "thing" or "fact") and the particle 으로 ([euro], "as" or "by means of"), constructs a linguistic framework for depersonalized reporting. It allows you to distance yourself from the information presented, lending an air of credibility and scientific rigor, much like using a formal voice in English academic writing.
For instance, instead of saying "I think many people prefer coffee," you can state 많은 사람들이 커피를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다 ("It was found that many people prefer coffee"), elevating the statement to a verifiable finding.
How This Grammar Works
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다, you need to understand its constituent parts and how they interact to create a powerful objective reporting mechanism. This pattern is essentially built on three main components: the attributive form of a verb or adjective, the nominalizer 것, and the fixed expression 으로 나타났다.-ㄴ/은/는) functions to transform a verb or adjective clause into a modifier for the following noun, which in this case is 것. This is a fundamental aspect of Korean grammar where a descriptive clause precedes and describes a noun. The choice between -는, -ㄴ, and -은 depends on the verb/adjective type and tense:- Verbs (Present/Ongoing):
-는is attached to the verb stem. This conveys an ongoing action or a general truth. For example,운동하다(to exercise) becomes운동하는(exercising/that exercises). - Verbs (Past/Completed):
-ㄴor-은is attached to the verb stem.-ㄴis used for verb stems ending in a vowel (e.g.,가다→간, that went) and-은for stems ending in a consonant (e.g.,먹다→먹은, that ate). This indicates a completed action or a past event. - Adjectives (Present):
-ㄴor-은is attached to the adjective stem.-ㄴfor stems ending in a vowel (e.g.,크다→큰, that is big) and-은for stems ending in a consonant (e.g.,좋다→좋은, that is good). This describes a current state or quality. Adjectives generally do not use-는for the attributive form in the present tense. - Nouns: For nouns, you use
-인([in]) to connect the noun to것, meaning "that is [noun]" (e.g.,사실→사실인, that is a fact).
것 ([geot]) is crucial. In this context, 것 doesn't refer to a physical "thing." Instead, it abstracts the preceding clause into a general "fact," "situation," or "circumstance." The attributive form turns an entire descriptive statement (X가 Y하다) into a noun phrase (Y하는/한/은 것), essentially encapsulating the entire phenomenon as a single concept. For example, 사람들이 일찍 잠자리에 든다 (People go to bed early) becomes 사람들이 일찍 잠자리에 드는 것 (the fact that people go to bed early).으로 나타났다 ([euro natana-tta]) completes the objective reporting. 으로 here functions as a particle indicating means, method, or qualification, translating to "as" or "by means of." It connects the nominalized fact (것) to the verb 나타나다 (to appear, to manifest, to be revealed). The past tense 나타났다 (appeared/was revealed) implies that this fact has already surfaced or been observed.…는/은/ㄴ 것으로 나타났다 translates to "it appeared as the fact that…" or more naturally, "it was found that…" or "results showed that…"지난해 흡연율이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. (It was found that the smoking rate decreased last year.) Here, 감소하다 (to decrease) becomes 감소한 (decreased), which modifies 것 (the fact/situation of decreasing). 으로 나타났다 then declares that this 감소한 것 (the fact of it having decreased) has come to light. The grammatical structure inherently shifts the focus from who observed it to the objective truth of the observation, making it an indispensable tool for formal communication.Formation Pattern
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다 requires precise application of attributive forms based on the part of speech and tense. Here’s a detailed breakdown:
-는 for all verb stems to describe current actions, general truths, or ongoing trends.
것으로 나타났다 | English Translation |
하다 (to do) | 하는 | 하는 것으로 나타났다 | It was found that [they] do/are doing |
읽다 (to read) | 읽는 | 읽는 것으로 나타났다 | It was found that [they] read/are reading |
증가하다 (to increase) | 증가하는 | 증가하는 것으로 나타났다 | It was found that [it] increases/is increasing |
학생들이 온라인 강의를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. (It was found that students prefer online lectures.)
-은 for verb stems ending in a consonant, and -ㄴ for verb stems ending in a vowel. This indicates that the action has already been completed.
것으로 나타났다 | English Translation |
먹다 (to eat) | 먹은 | 먹은 것으로 나타났다 | It was found that [they] ate |
가다 (to go) | 간 | 간 것으로 나타났다 | It was found that [they] went |
완료하다 (to complete) | 완료한 | 완료한 것으로 나타났다 | It was found that [it] completed |
지난달 실업률이 소폭 하락한 것으로 나타났다. (It was found that the unemployment rate dropped slightly last month.)
ㄷ irregular: 듣다 (to listen) → 들은 것으로 나타났다
ㅂ irregular: 돕다 (to help) → 도운 것으로 나타났다
르 irregular: 모르다 (to not know) → 모르는 것으로 나타났다 (present), 모른 것으로 나타났다 (past)
-은 for adjective stems ending in a consonant, and -ㄴ for stems ending in a vowel. Adjectives describe states, so a separate past tense attributive form is rarely used with 것으로 나타났다 in this context, as the 나타났다 already puts the reporting in the past.
것으로 나타났다 | English Translation |
좋다 (good) | 좋은 | 좋은 것으로 나타났다 | It was found to be good |
크다 (big) | 큰 | 큰 것으로 나타났다 | It was found to be big |
어렵다 (difficult) | 어려운 | 어려운 것으로 나타났다 | It was found to be difficult |
설문조사 결과, 서비스 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. (Survey results showed that service satisfaction was high.)
-인 to a noun to mean "that is [noun]" when nominalizing it for this pattern.
것으로 나타났다 | English Translation |
사실 (fact) | 사실인 것으로 나타났다 | It was found to be a fact |
문제 (problem) | 문제인 것으로 나타났다 | It was found to be a problem |
그가 사건의 주요 증인인 것으로 나타났다. (It was found that he was the main witness of the incident.)
합니다체) | Full Pattern (해체) | English Example |
하다 | 하는 | 하는 것으로 나타났다 | 하는 것으로 나타났어 | It was found that they do/are doing |
했다 (하다) | 한 | 한 것으로 나타났다 | 한 것으로 나타났어 | It was found that they did |
먹다 | 먹은 | 먹은 것으로 나타났다 | 먹은 것으로 나타났어 | It was found that they ate |
좋다 | 좋은 | 좋은 것으로 나타났다 | 좋은 것으로 나타났어 | It was found to be good |
많다 | 많은 | 많은 것으로 나타났다 | 많은 것으로 나타났어 | It was found to be many/much |
이다 (to be) | 학생이다 | 학생인 | 학생인 것으로 나타났다 | 학생인 것으로 나타났어 | It was found that [they] are a student |
해체 (casual) form simply changes 나타났다 to 나타났어. While grammatically possible, using this pattern in 해체 is extremely rare due to its inherently formal nature.
When To Use It
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다 is a versatile and indispensable pattern for objective reporting, primarily utilized in contexts demanding formality, impartiality, and evidence-based statements. Understanding its appropriate usage is key to sounding natural and sophisticated in Korean.- Academic and Research Contexts: This is perhaps the most common domain for this pattern. When you are presenting findings from studies, experiments, or surveys,
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다provides the necessary academic rigor. It implies that the conclusion is drawn from observable data, not personal conjecture. You will see it frequently in research papers, theses, and academic presentations. 이번 연구에서 새로운 치료법이 환자의 회복 속도를 현저히 높이는 것으로 나타났다.(This study found that the new treatment significantly increases patients' recovery speed.)청소년의 스마트폰 사용 시간이 학업 성취도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.(It was found that teenagers' smartphone usage time negatively affects academic achievement.)
- Journalism and News Reporting: News outlets heavily rely on this pattern to present factual information, statistics, and trends to the public. It establishes journalistic objectivity, ensuring that reports are perceived as unbiased accounts of events or data.
최근 여론조사 결과, 현재 대통령의 지지율이 급등한 것으로 나타났다.(Recent public opinion poll results showed that the current president's approval rating sharply increased.)미세먼지 농도가 지난주 대비 두 배 이상 높은 것으로 나타나 시민들의 주의가 요구된다.(The concentration of fine dust was found to be more than twice as high as last week, requiring citizens' caution.)
- Business and Professional Settings: In corporate reports, market analyses, performance reviews, and strategic planning documents, this pattern is essential for communicating data-driven insights. It helps to validate decisions and strategies based on concrete evidence.
이번 분기 매출이 예상치를 초과 달성한 것으로 나타났습니다.(It was found that this quarter's sales exceeded expectations.)신제품 출시 후 고객 만족도가 크게 향상된 것으로 나타났습니다.(Customer satisfaction was found to have significantly improved after the new product launch.)
- Formal Official Documents: Government reports, policy briefs, and public notices often employ this structure to convey official findings or statistical information.
인구 고령화가 심화되면서 생산가능인구가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.(It was found that the working-age population is decreasing as population aging intensifies.)
- TOPIK II Writing (Korean Proficiency Test): For advanced learners, using
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다effectively in TOPIK II essays (especially in the descriptive or argumentative tasks requiring data interpretation) demonstrates high-level grammatical command and the ability to write formally and objectively. It's a hallmark of sophisticated Korean prose.
네가 늦은 것으로 나타났어 (It was found that you were late) to a friend would likely be perceived as overly dramatic or ironic, not genuinely informative.Common Mistakes
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다. Being aware of these pitfalls can significantly refine your usage and make your Korean sound more natural and authoritative.- Using It in Informal Contexts: The most frequent mistake is applying this highly formal pattern to casual conversations. Remember,
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다is designed for objective, often written, reporting. Using it to tell a friend네가 제일 예쁜 것으로 나타났어("It was found that you are the prettiest") sounds clinical, robotic, or even mocking, rather than a compliment. Stick to more direct and personal expressions like네가 제일 예뻐in informal settings.
- Incorrect Attributive Form Conjugation: Learners sometimes struggle with the correct application of
-는,-ㄴ, or-은to the verb or adjective stem, particularly with irregular verbs or when distinguishing between present and past tenses. Forgetting these rules can lead to grammatical errors or awkward phrasing. - Incorrect:
사람들이 많이 오고 있는 것으로 나타났다.(Should be오는for present/ongoing, not오고 있는.) TheV-고 있다structure for continuous actions is generally simplified toV-는 것when used with나타났다to form the nominalized clause. So,오고 있는 것으로 나타났다is redundant;오는 것으로 나타났다is sufficient. - Incorrect:
문이 열리는 것으로 나타났다.(If referring to a completed action, should be열린.) If it's a current state or general characteristic,열리는is fine, but for a one-time past event,열린 것으로 나타났다(It was found that the door opened) is correct.
- Applying to Subjective Feelings or Obvious Facts: This pattern is for findings or discoveries based on some form of observation or data. Using it for personal feelings or statements that are self-evident sounds unnatural.
- Incorrect (for personal feeling):
나는 오늘 기분 좋은 것으로 나타났다.(It was found that I am in a good mood today.) – This makes your feelings sound like a scientific observation, which is strange. Instead,나는 오늘 기분이 좋다(I am in a good mood) is natural. - Incorrect (for obvious fact):
하늘이 파란 것으로 나타났다.(It was found that the sky is blue.) – This is not a 'finding.'하늘은 파랗다(The sky is blue) is sufficient.
- Omitting or Misplacing
으로: The particle으로is integral to the meaning of "as" or "by means of" the것. Removing it breaks the grammatical structure and makes the sentence incomplete. - Incorrect:
매출이 증가한 것 나타났다.(Missing으로.) - Correct:
매출이 증가한 것으로 나타났다.(It was found that sales increased.)
- Confusing with
–ㄴ/은/는 것 같다: While both patterns use-ㄴ/은/는 것, their meanings are fundamentally different.–ㄴ/은/는 것 같다expresses conjecture or personal opinion ("it seems like," "I think"), whereas-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다reports objective findings ("it was found," "results show"). Misusing one for the other leads to a misunderstanding of your intent. 날씨가 좋은 것 같아요.(I think the weather is good/It seems the weather is good.) - Subjective opinion.기상청 발표에 따르면 내일 날씨가 좋은 것으로 나타났다.(According to the Meteorological Administration's announcement, it was found that tomorrow's weather will be good.) - Objective report based on data.
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다 with confidence and accuracy.Real Conversations
Given its formal and objective nature, -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다 is not typically heard in everyday spoken conversations among friends or family. Its primary domain is written communication and formal spoken presentations. However, the term "real conversations" can extend to professional dialogue, academic discussions, news broadcasts, and online discussions where factual reporting is necessary. Here's how and where you would encounter it in various real-world contexts:
- News Broadcasts and Articles: This is a prime environment for -ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다. Journalists use it to relay survey results, scientific discoveries, economic data, or social trends, maintaining impartiality.
- 최근 조사 결과, 20대 여성들의 투표율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났습니다. (Recent survey results showed that the voting rate of women in their 20s was the highest.)
- 새로운 연구에서는 꾸준한 독서가 뇌 활동을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다고 보도했습니다. (A new study reported that continuous reading was found to promote brain activity.)
- Academic Presentations and Debates: University students and researchers frequently employ this pattern when presenting their findings or discussing research results in conferences, seminars, or classroom presentations. It helps structure arguments and conclusions based on empirical data.
- 저희 팀의 분석 결과, 사용자 인터페이스 개선이 앱 사용 시간을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났습니다. (Our team's analysis results showed that improving the user interface increases app usage time.)
- 문학 작품 속 여성 인물이 시대적 변화에 따라 어떻게 진화했는지에 대한 연구에서 흥미로운 패턴이 나타났다. (In the study on how female characters in literature evolved with societal changes, an interesting pattern was found.)
- Workplace Reports and Emails: In professional settings, particularly when reporting to superiors or clients, summarizing market research, sales figures, or project outcomes, this pattern provides the necessary formality and objectivity.
- Email Subject: 월별 매출 분석 결과 보고 (Monthly Sales Analysis Results Report)
- Email Body: 1월 대비 2월 매출이 15% 성장한 것으로 나타났습니다. (It was found that sales in February grew by 15% compared to January.)
- Meeting discussion: 고객 만족도 조사를 시행한 결과, 배송 속도에 대한 불만이 높은 것으로 나타나 개선이 필요합니다. (As a result of conducting a customer satisfaction survey, it was found that dissatisfaction with delivery speed is high, requiring improvement.)
- Online Forums (Formal Discussions) or Comment Sections: While less common than in news or academia, you might find this pattern in online discussions about serious topics (e.g., policy debates, scientific news comment sections) where users are striving for an objective or academic tone.
- 데이터를 살펴보니, 특정 연령대의 디지털 리터러시 수준이 예상보다 낮은 것으로 나타났네요. (Looking at the data, it was found that the digital literacy level of a specific age group is lower than expected.)
It is crucial to remember that its use signifies a deliberate choice to convey objectivity and formality. Therefore, while it's part of "real-world Korean," its "conversational" aspect is limited to specific formal or professional communicative contexts.
Quick FAQ
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다, along with concise answers to deepen your understanding.- Q: Can this pattern be used in the future tense?
- A: Not directly with
나타났다itself, as나타났다(appeared/was found) implies a past event of discovery. However, the content of the reported fact can relate to the future, often as a prediction based on current data. For example,미래에는 AI 기술이 더욱 발전할 것으로 나타났다(It was found that AI technology will develop further in the future). Here,발전할 것(the fact of developing) is future-oriented, but나타났다still refers to the past finding of this prediction.
- Q: What is the difference between
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다and-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 밝혀졌다([bal-hyeo-jyeot-tta])? - A: Both convey a sense of something being revealed, but
밝혀졌다(was revealed/uncovered) often implies a more active investigation or a process of discovery, particularly when something hidden or unknown is brought to light.나타났다(appeared/was found) is broader and can refer to any observable manifestation or finding, even if no explicit investigation took place. You might say진실이 밝혀졌다(The truth was revealed), but진실이 나타났다sounds less like a revelation and more like the truth just 'showed up.'
- Q: Can it be used with negative forms?
- A: Yes, absolutely. Simply form the negative of the verb or adjective before applying the attributive form. For verbs, you'd typically use
V-지 않는 것으로 나타났다(가지 않는 것으로 나타났다- It was found that they don't go), or안 V-는 것으로 나타났다(안 가는 것으로 나타났다). For adjectives,Adj-지 않은 것으로 나타났다(좋지 않은 것으로 나타났다- It was found that it's not good).
- Q: Does it always imply a formal study or survey?
- A: Not necessarily a formal academic study, but it always implies that the information is a result of some form of observation, data collection, or empirical evidence. It suggests that the reported fact is based on something verifiable, rather than mere assumption or rumor.
- Q: How does it compare to
-다고 한다([dago handa])? - A:
-다고 한다is an indirect quotation pattern, meaning "they say that…" or "I heard that…" It reports what someone else said or reported.-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다, on the other hand, reports an objective finding or manifestation of a fact, often without attributing it to a specific speaker or source, other than implying data or observation.
- Q: Is it similar to
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다([bo-in-da])? - A: Yes, there is a similarity in function, but a subtle difference in nuance.
-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다translates to "it appears that…" or "it seems that…" It still presents an objective assessment but retains a degree of inference or perception.나타났다implies a clearer, more definitive manifestation or revelation of the fact, a stronger sense of a conclusion having been reached or data having spoken for itself. Think of보인다as a strong inference and나타났다as a confirmed finding.
- Q: What are the most common verbs and adjectives used with this pattern?
- A: Verbs indicating change or state are very frequent. These include
증가하다(to increase),감소하다(to decrease),상승하다(to rise),하락하다(to fall),개선되다(to improve). Common adjectives include높다(to be high),낮다(to be low),많다(to be many/much),적다(to be few/small),심각하다(to be serious).
- Q: Does the Hanja root
現(현, hyeon) in나타나다help understanding? - A: Yes, understanding the Hanja
現(to appear, to manifest) directly reinforces the meaning of나타나다as something becoming visible or evident. This etymological connection clarifies why the pattern is used for things that "appear as facts" or "are revealed by data." It highlights the conceptual core of the pattern.
Formation Table
| Tense | Verb Type | Formation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
|
Action
|
Stem + 는 것으로 나타났다
|
증가하는 것으로 나타났다
|
|
Past
|
Descriptive
|
Stem + ㄴ/은 것으로 나타났다
|
높은 것으로 나타났다
|
|
Past
|
Action
|
Stem + ㄴ/은 것으로 나타났다
|
조사한 것으로 나타났다
|
Meanings
This structure is used to report the results of an investigation, study, or observation, emphasizing that the information is based on objective evidence rather than personal opinion.
Research Reporting
Reporting findings from a study or survey.
“설문 조사 결과, 응답자의 70%가 찬성하는 것으로 나타났다.”
“실험 결과, 이 약물이 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.”
Statistical Trend
Describing a trend based on data.
“기온이 매년 상승하는 것으로 나타났다.”
“청년 실업률이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative (Present)
|
Verb(는) 것으로 나타났다
|
수요가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다
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Affirmative (Past)
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Verb(ㄴ/은) 것으로 나타났다
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수요가 증가한 것으로 나타났다
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Descriptive
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Adj(ㄴ/은) 것으로 나타났다
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가격이 높은 것으로 나타났다
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Negative
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Verb(지 않는) 것으로 나타났다
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효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다
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Formality Spectrum
가격이 상승한 것으로 나타났다. (Business Report)
가격이 상승한 것으로 보입니다. (Business Report)
가격이 올랐어. (Business Report)
가격 떡상함. (Business Report)
Grammar Usage Map
Context
- 뉴스 News
- 보고서 Report
Function
- 객관적 Objective
- 증거 Evidence
Examples by Level
결과가 좋은 것으로 나타났다.
The result appeared to be good.
날씨가 더운 것으로 나타났다.
The weather appeared to be hot.
사람이 많은 것으로 나타났다.
There appeared to be many people.
문제가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
There appeared to be a problem.
수출이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.
Exports appeared to be increasing.
비용이 줄어든 것으로 나타났다.
Costs appeared to have decreased.
학생들이 공부하는 것으로 나타났다.
Students appeared to be studying.
오류가 발견된 것으로 나타났다.
An error appeared to have been found.
소비자들의 선호도가 변화하는 것으로 나타났다.
Consumer preferences appeared to be changing.
이 지역의 인구가 감소한 것으로 나타났다.
The population of this region appeared to have decreased.
새로운 기술이 도입된 것으로 나타났다.
New technology appeared to have been introduced.
정부의 정책이 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
The government's policy appeared to be effective.
연구 결과, 해당 물질이 암세포를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다.
Research results showed that the substance inhibits cancer cells.
설문 조사 결과, 응답자의 대다수가 찬성하는 것으로 나타났다.
Survey results showed that the majority of respondents are in favor.
데이터 분석 결과, 사용자의 체류 시간이 증가한 것으로 나타났다.
Data analysis showed that user dwell time has increased.
지난 10년간 기온이 꾸준히 상승한 것으로 나타났다.
Temperatures have been shown to have risen steadily over the last decade.
해당 기업의 재무 건전성이 악화된 것으로 나타났다.
The company's financial health has been shown to have deteriorated.
사회적 갈등이 심화되는 것으로 나타났다.
Social conflict has been shown to be intensifying.
환자의 상태가 호전된 것으로 나타났다.
The patient's condition has been shown to have improved.
글로벌 공급망이 재편되는 것으로 나타났다.
The global supply chain has been shown to be restructuring.
본 연구는 해당 변수가 종속 변수에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
This study showed that the variable has a significant effect on the dependent variable.
역사적 사료를 통해 당시의 관습이 현재와 상이한 것으로 나타났다.
Historical records have shown that customs at the time differed from the present.
심층 인터뷰 결과, 피험자들의 심리적 기제가 복합적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다.
In-depth interviews showed that the subjects' psychological mechanisms interact in complex ways.
통계적 유의성을 검증한 결과, 가설이 기각되는 것으로 나타났다.
Statistical significance testing showed that the hypothesis is rejected.
Easily Confused
Both are used for reporting, but one is for data, one is for hearsay.
Both use '것으로', but '보인다' is subjective opinion.
Very similar, but '밝혀졌다' implies a mystery was solved.
Common Mistakes
나는 피곤한 것으로 나타났다.
나는 피곤하다.
그것은 좋은 것으로 나타났다.
그것은 좋은 것으로 보인다.
비가 오는 것으로 나타났다.
비가 오는 것으로 보인다.
그가 간 것으로 나타났다.
그가 간 것으로 보인다.
조사 결과가 증가한 것으로 나타났다.
조사 결과, 수치가 증가한 것으로 나타났다.
그것은 사실인 것으로 나타났다.
그것은 사실로 밝혀졌다.
그들이 먹는 것으로 나타났다.
그들이 먹는 것으로 보인다.
데이터가 보여주는 것으로 나타났다.
데이터에 따르면 ~인 것으로 나타났다.
그것은 나쁜 것으로 나타났다.
그것은 부정적인 것으로 나타났다.
사람들이 생각하는 것으로 나타났다.
설문 결과, 사람들이 ~라고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다.
그것은 나타났다.
그것은 ~인 것으로 나타났다.
데이터가 증가한 것으로 나타났다.
데이터상 수치가 증가한 것으로 나타났다.
그것은 밝혀진 것으로 나타났다.
그것은 밝혀졌다.
연구가 말하는 것으로 나타났다.
연구 결과 ~인 것으로 나타났다.
Sentence Patterns
___ 결과, ___이/가 ___하는 것으로 나타났다.
지난 ___ 동안 ___이/가 ___한 것으로 나타났다.
데이터 분석 결과, ___이/가 ___하는 것으로 나타났다.
연구 결과, ___이/가 ___한 것으로 나타났다.
Real World Usage
물가가 상승한 것으로 나타났다.
변수가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다.
매출이 감소한 것으로 나타났다.
대다수가 찬성하는 것으로 나타났다.
상태가 호전된 것으로 나타났다.
정책이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.
Focus on Data
Avoid Personal Opinion
Use for Professionalism
Formal Register
Smart Tips
Use this structure to sound objective.
Avoid 'I' and use this structure.
Use this to report results.
Use it to show trends.
Pronunciation
Linking
The 'ㄴ' in '것으로' links to the next word.
Flat/Professional
↗ (rising) at the end is avoided.
Conveys authority and objectivity.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of a 'Report' (나타났다) that 'appears' (나타나다) on a screen.
Visual Association
Imagine a scientist looking through a microscope and writing down 'It was found that...' on a clipboard.
Rhyme
Data in the report, '것으로 나타났다' is the sort.
Story
A reporter is investigating a mystery. They look at the evidence. They write: 'The culprit was found to be the butler.' In Korean, they would use this grammar to sound professional.
Word Web
Challenge
Find one news headline in Korean today and identify this grammar structure.
Cultural Notes
In Korean universities, this is the default way to write a thesis.
News anchors use this to report statistics.
Used in official reports to avoid personal blame.
Derived from the verb '나타나다' (to appear/emerge) and the noun '것' (thing/fact).
Conversation Starters
최근 뉴스에서 본 통계가 있나요?
학교 성적이 어떻게 나왔나요?
요즘 유행하는 소비 패턴은 무엇인가요?
건강 검진 결과는 어땠나요?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
조사 결과, 실업률이 ___ 것으로 나타났다.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
나는 배가 고픈 것으로 나타났다.
수출이 증가했다. (Report this)
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
When to use this?
설문 결과, 응답자의 80%가 ___ 것으로 나타났다.
데이터 / 감소 / 것으로 / 나타났다
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises조사 결과, 실업률이 ___ 것으로 나타났다.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
나는 배가 고픈 것으로 나타났다.
수출이 증가했다. (Report this)
Match the verb to the form.
When to use this?
설문 결과, 응답자의 80%가 ___ 것으로 나타났다.
데이터 / 감소 / 것으로 / 나타났다
Score: /8
Practice Bank
5 exercises참가자 대부분이 행사에 (만족하다) ______.
것으로 / 나타났다 / 사용자가 / 많은
학생들이 열심히 공부하는 것으로 나타났다.
범인이 (친구) ______.
Match the following:
Score: /5
FAQ (8)
No, it is too formal. Use it only in professional or academic settings.
The former is for data/evidence, the latter is for hearsay.
Yes, '나타났다' is past tense, but the preceding verb can be present or past.
No, it is for objective findings.
Because '것' is a noun and '으로' is a particle.
Yes, it is one of the most common structures in news.
Rarely, as it reports findings, not predictions.
Use the -ㄴ/은 form.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
It was found that...
Korean uses a nominalizer (것) while English uses a dummy subject (It).
〜ことが判明した
The Korean structure is slightly more common in daily news.
Es wurde festgestellt, dass...
German requires a subordinate clause.
Il a été constaté que...
French is more formal in its structure.
显示出...
Chinese does not use nominalization in the same way.
تبين أن...
Arabic is more concise.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
Formal 'By' Agent (-에 의해)
Overview In Korean, expressing agency – the 'by' in 'done by' – isn't a one-size-fits-all matter as it often is in Engli...
Based On: -을/를 바탕으로
Overview In Korean, expressing that an action, creation, or judgment is **based on** a particular source is crucial for...
The 'Double Passive' Vibe (Advanced Causative Passive)
Overview Korean, like many languages, employs grammatical mechanisms to shift focus within a sentence. The **Double Pass...
The Inference Ending: It looks like... (-나/는가 보다)
Overview As you navigate the complexities of B2-level Korean, you encounter grammar that allows for more nuanced express...
Expressing Shock: -다니 (How Could...)
Overview **-다니** (romanized: -dani) is an upper-intermediate (B2) Korean grammar pattern used to express strong surpr...
