이력 in 30 Seconds
- A record of someone's life, career, or achievements.
- Often refers to a resume or CV (이력서).
- Used in formal contexts like job applications and academic admissions.
- Encompasses education, work experience, and skills.
- Core Meaning
- The Korean word '이력' (iryeok) primarily refers to a personal history, career, or record. It encompasses the accumulated experiences, achievements, and background of an individual, especially in a professional or academic context. Think of it as a comprehensive overview of someone's journey through life, focusing on significant events and accomplishments.
- Usage Contexts
- This term is frequently used when applying for jobs, academic programs, or any situation where a formal presentation of one's background is required. It's the Korean equivalent of 'resume,' 'CV' (Curriculum Vitae), or 'personal history.' When someone asks about your '이력,' they are generally interested in your educational background, work experience, skills, and any other relevant qualifications that define your professional or academic path.
- Nuances
- While '이력' often implies a professional or academic trajectory, it can also be used more broadly to refer to the history or record of an object, event, or even a phenomenon. For instance, the '이력' of a product might refer to its manufacturing history and changes over time. However, its most common application remains personal and professional history.
When applying for a new job, you need to submit your 이력서 (iryeokseo), which means a resume or CV.
The company reviewed the applicant's 이력 carefully to assess their qualifications.
- Formal vs. Informal
- '이력' is generally used in formal or semi-formal contexts. You wouldn't typically use it in casual conversation with friends unless discussing job applications or professional backgrounds.
- Scope
- When referring to a person's entire life history, '인생사' (insaengsa - life story) or '경력' (gyeongryeok - career experience) might be more appropriate depending on the emphasis. '이력' specifically focuses on the documented, often professional, progression.
The museum displayed the 이력 of the artifact, detailing its discovery and previous owners.
- Basic Structure: [Subject] + [Object] + 이력 + [Verb/Noun]
- The most straightforward way to use '이력' is to refer to someone's history or record. For example, '그의 이력은 화려하다' (geu-ui iryeok-eun hwaryeohada) means 'His history is brilliant.' Here, '이력' is the subject of the sentence.
- In the Context of Resumes/CVs: 이력서 (iryeokseo)
- As mentioned, '이력서' is the most common form. You'll see it used with verbs like '제출하다' (jechulhada - to submit), '작성하다' (jakseonghada - to write/create), or '검토하다' (geomtohada - to review). For instance, '저는 이력서를 작성하고 있습니다' (jeo-neun iryeokseo-reul jakseonghago itseumnida) means 'I am writing my resume.' The object particle '를/을' (reul/eul) is used with '이력서'.
- Describing a History: 이력이 있다/없다 (iryeok-i itda/eopda)
- You can use '이력이 있다' (iryeok-i itda - to have a history/record) or '이력이 없다' (iryeok-i eopda - to have no history/record). For example, '이 제품은 수출 이력이 있습니다' (i jepum-eun suchul iryeok-i itseumnida) means 'This product has an export history.' The subject particle '이/가' (i/ga) is used with '이력'.
- Referring to a Specific Type of History: [Type] + 이력
- You can specify the kind of history. For example, '경력 이력' (gyeongryeok iryeok) refers to career history, and '학력 이력' (hakryeok iryeok) refers to academic history. These are often combined with '사항' (sahang - matters/items) to form '경력 이력 사항' or '학력 이력 사항', which are common sections on a resume.
- As part of a longer phrase: 이력 관리 (iryeok gwalli)
- This phrase means 'history management' or 'record keeping.' For example, '개인 이력 관리가 중요합니다' (gaein iryeok gwalli-ga jungyohamnida) means 'Personal record management is important.' Here, '이력' functions as a modifier for '관리'.
Please submit your 이력서 by Friday.
The candidate has a strong academic 이력.
- Describing a lack of experience: 이력이 전무하다 (iryeok-i jeonmuhada)
- This phrase means 'to have absolutely no record or history.' It's a strong way to say someone lacks experience. For example, '신입 사원이라 경력 이력이 전무합니다' (sinip sawon-ira gyeongryeok iryeok-i jeonmuhamnida) means 'As a new employee, he has absolutely no work experience history.' Here, '이력' is modified by '경력' (career).
- Discussing past events: ...이력이 있다
- You can talk about specific past events or experiences. For example, '그는 여러 나라를 여행한 이력이 있다' (geu-neun yeoreo nara-reul yeohaen iryeok-i itda) means 'He has a history of traveling to many countries.' The verb '여행하다' (yeohaenhada - to travel) is used in its adjectival form '여행한' (yeohaen) to modify '이력'.
The company is looking for candidates with a proven track record, so your 이력 should highlight your achievements.
- Job Applications and Interviews
- This is by far the most common place you'll encounter '이력', primarily in the form of '이력서' (iryeokseo - resume/CV). Recruiters, hiring managers, and HR departments will constantly refer to it. Phrases like '이력서 제출' (iryeokseo jechul - resume submission), '이력서 검토' (iryeokseo geomto - resume review), and '이력서 내용' (iryeokseo naeyong - resume content) are ubiquitous in the professional world.
- Academic Admissions
- Similar to job applications, universities and other educational institutions require applicants to submit their academic and personal history. This might be part of a larger application packet, and the term '이력' or '이력서' would be used to refer to the relevant sections or documents detailing a student's academic background, awards, and extracurricular activities.
- Professional Networking and Introductions
- When people are introduced in a professional setting, there's often a brief mention of their background. Someone might say, '그분은 IT 업계에서 오래된 이력을 가지고 계십니다' (geubun-eun IT eopgye-eseo oraedoen iryeok-eul gajigo gyesimnida), meaning 'That person has a long history in the IT industry.' Here, '이력' refers to their career trajectory.
- Government and Official Documents
- In official contexts, such as applying for certain licenses, permits, or benefits, you might be asked to provide a detailed record of your history. The term '이력' can be used to refer to these official records or personal histories that need to be documented.
- Biographies and Historical Accounts
- While less common for everyday conversation, '이력' can appear in biographical texts, historical articles, or company profiles to describe the accumulated history or background of a person, organization, or even an object. For example, '이 회사의 연혁과 이력을 살펴보겠습니다' (i hoesa-ui yeonhyeok-gwa iryeok-eul salpyeobogetseumnida) means 'Let's examine the history and background of this company.' Here, '연혁' (yeonhyeok - chronological history) is also used.
During the job fair, many companies were asking for candidates to bring their 이력서.
The professor mentioned that the student's extensive research 이력 was impressive.
- Online Profiles and Portfolios
- Professional networking sites like LinkedIn (or their Korean equivalents) often have sections dedicated to a user's work history, education, and skills. The underlying concept here is '이력' management. While the interface might use English terms, the Korean concept behind it is '이력'.
- Awards and Recognition
- When discussing someone's achievements or qualifications for an award, their '이력' is often referenced. For example, '그녀는 수많은 수상 이력을 가지고 있다' (geunyeo-neun sumanheun susang iryeok-eul gajigo itda) means 'She has a history of numerous awards.' Here, '이력' is specifically about past accolades.
The company website listed the founding members' extensive 이력 in the tech industry.
- Confusing '이력' with '경력' (Gyeongryeok)
- While related, '이력' (history/record) and '경력' (career/experience) are not interchangeable. '이력' is a broader term encompassing one's entire documented history, including education, skills, and achievements. '경력' specifically refers to work experience. For example, you submit an '이력서' which contains your '경력' and '학력' (hakryeok - academic background). Using '경력' when you mean the entire documented history would be inaccurate.
- Overusing '이력' in casual conversation
- '이력' is a relatively formal term. You wouldn't typically use it in casual chats with friends about your day or hobbies. For instance, asking a friend '네 이력은 뭐니?' (ne iryeok-eun mwo-ni? - What is your history?) would sound unnatural. In casual contexts, you'd use more specific terms or simply discuss events directly.
- Misunderstanding '이력서' as just 'experience'
- '이력서' is the Korean term for a resume or CV. It's a document that *contains* your history, not just your experience. It includes education, skills, awards, and other relevant information. Thinking of it solely as 'experience' misses the broader scope of what an '이력서' entails.
- Incorrect particle usage
- As a noun, '이력' requires correct particles. A common mistake is using the object particle '를/을' when '이력' is the subject, or vice versa. For example, saying '이력을 검토했다' (iryeok-eul geomtohaetda - reviewed the history) is correct if 'history' is the object. But saying '이력이 제출되었다' (iryeok-i jechuldoe-eotda - the history was submitted) is correct if 'history' is the subject. Be mindful of the sentence structure and the role '이력' plays.
- Using '이력' for very short-term or insignificant events
- '이력' typically refers to significant, documented, or accumulated history. You wouldn't use it to describe the history of your breakfast or a brief conversation. For such trivial matters, more casual or specific vocabulary would be used.
Mistake: '저는 어제 저녁 식사 이력을 잊어버렸어요.' (I forgot the history of my dinner yesterday.) Correct: '저는 어제 저녁을 잊어버렸어요.' (I forgot yesterday's dinner.)
Mistake: '그는 경험 이력이 많아요.' (He has a lot of experience history.) Correct: '그는 경력이 많아요.' (He has a lot of experience.) or '그는 다양한 경험 이력이 있어요.' (He has a diverse history of experiences.)
- 이력 (Irryeok) vs. 경력 (Gyeongryeok)
- 이력 (Irryeok): Broad term for personal history, career, or record. Encompasses education, skills, achievements, and work experience. Think of it as the entire documented background.
- 경력 (Gyeongryeok): Specifically refers to work experience or career history. It's a component of '이력'. You can have '경력' without a full '이력', but your '이력' will usually include your '경력'.
- Example: '이력서에는 경력 사항이 중요합니다.' (Irryeokseo-eneun gyeongryeok sahang-i jungyohamnida.) - 'In a resume, work experience details are important.' Here, '이력서' contains '경력'.
- 이력 (Irryeok) vs. 학력 (Hakryeok)
- 이력 (Irryeok): Personal history, career, record.
- 학력 (Hakryeok): Academic background or educational history. This is another component that is typically included in one's '이력'.
- Example: '그의 이력에는 우수한 학력도 포함되어 있습니다.' (Geu-ui iryeok-eneun usuhan hakryeok-do pohamdoe-eo itseumnida.) - 'His history also includes excellent academic qualifications.'
- 이력 (Irryeok) vs. 이력서 (Irryeokseo)
- 이력 (Irryeok): The abstract concept of history or record.
- 이력서 (Irryeokseo): The physical or digital document (resume/CV) that contains this history. This is the form you will most commonly encounter and use.
- Example: '이력서에 모든 경력과 학력을 기재해주세요.' (Irryeokseo-e modeun gyeongryeok-gwa hakryeok-eul gijaehaejuseyo.) - 'Please list all your work experience and academic background on your resume.'
- 이력 (Irryeok) vs. 기록 (Girok)
- 이력 (Irryeok): Personal history, career, record, often cumulative and related to a person's journey.
- 기록 (Girok): A record, a note, a historical account of an event or fact. It can be more general and less personal than '이력'.
- Example: '경기 결과를 기록했습니다.' (Gyeonggi gyeolgwa-reul girokhaetseumnida.) - 'The game results were recorded.' This uses '기록' for a specific event's outcome, not a person's life history.
- 이력 (Irryeok) vs. 연혁 (Yeonhyeok)
- 이력 (Irryeok): Personal history, career, record.
- 연혁 (Yeonhyeok): Chronological history, annals, often used for organizations, companies, or historical periods.
- Example: '회사의 연혁을 살펴보면 많은 변화가 있었습니다.' (Hoesa-ui yeonhyeok-eul salpyeobomyeon manheun byeonhwa-ga itseotseumnida.) - 'Looking at the company's chronological history, there have been many changes.' This is used for a company's timeline, not an individual's career.
'이력' is the overall story, '경력' is the work chapters, and '학력' is the education chapters within that story.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
While '이력' itself means personal history, the common compound word '이력서' (iryeokseo) literally translates to 'history document' or 'record paper', highlighting its function as a written compilation of one's background. The character '吏' (이) in '이력' can also relate to the word '이조' (Ijo), the historical Ministry of Personnel in Korea, underscoring the connection to official records and appointments.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing '력' as a hard 'r' sound instead of a flap or light 'r'.
- Not clearly enunciating the 'yeo' sound.
- Adding an unnecessary vowel sound after the final 'k'.
Difficulty Rating
At CEFR A2, reading '이력' is generally understandable when presented in the common context of '이력서' (resume). Longer texts or more abstract uses might pose challenges, but the core meaning in job application contexts should be graspable. Learners can often infer the meaning from surrounding words like '지원' (application) or '취업' (employment).
Writing '이력' independently might be challenging for A2 learners. However, using '이력서' in simple sentences like '이력서 주세요' or '이력서가 필요해요' is achievable. Constructing sentences where '이력' is the subject or object requires a good grasp of particles and sentence structure.
Speaking the word '이력' is straightforward, but using it in natural conversation beyond simple phrases like '이력서 주세요' can be difficult for A2 learners. They might be able to say they need a resume, but explaining their personal history using '이력' would likely be beyond their current scope.
Listening for '이력' is feasible, especially when it's part of the frequently heard '이력서'. Learners can likely pick it out in contexts related to job applications or interviews. Understanding more complex sentences or abstract discussions about '이력' might be harder.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Particles (이/가, 을/를, 의, 에)
그의 이력(이) 인상적이다. (His history is impressive.) 우리는 그의 이력(을) 검토했다. (We reviewed his history.)
Compound Nouns
이력서 (iryeokseo), 이력 관리 (iryeok gwalli)
Verb Conjugation (e.g., -습니다, -어요, -았다/었다)
이력이 있다. 이력이 있었습니다. 이력이 있었다.
Adjective/Verb Modifying Nouns (using -ㄴ/은)
다양한 이력 (diverse history)
Noun + 에서 + Verb
업계에서 이력을 쌓다. (To build a career in the industry.)
Examples by Level
이력서 주세요.
Please give me the resume.
'이력서' is the direct object, so '주세요' (please give) is used.
저는 이력서가 필요해요.
I need a resume.
'이력서' is the subject of the adjective '필요해요' (need), hence the particle '가'.
이 서류는 이력서입니까?
Is this document a resume?
'이력서' is a noun, and '입니까?' is the formal question ending for nouns.
이력서 작성 중이에요.
I am writing my resume.
'이력서' is the object of the verb '작성하다' (to write), hence '중이에요' (am in the middle of).
면접 볼 때 이력서가 필요해요.
I need a resume when I have an interview.
'이력서' is the subject of '필요해요' (need).
이력서에 사진 붙여주세요.
Please attach a photo to your resume.
'이력서' is the location where the action happens, hence the particle '에'.
이력서 제출 마감일이 언제예요?
When is the deadline for resume submission?
'이력서' is part of the compound noun '이력서 제출' (resume submission).
이력서 검토 부탁드립니다.
Please review my resume.
'이력서' is the object of '검토하다' (to review), hence '부탁드립니다' (I request).
그는 뛰어난 이력을 가지고 있습니다.
He has an excellent personal history/career.
'이력' is the subject of the verb '가지고 있다' (to have).
지원자의 이력을 자세히 살펴보았습니다.
We carefully examined the applicant's history/record.
'이력' is the object of the verb '살펴보다' (to examine), hence '을'.
이 회사에 지원하려면 이력서가 필수입니다.
To apply for this company, a resume is essential.
'이력서' is the subject of the adjective '필수입니다' (is essential).
그녀는 해외 근무 이력이 있습니다.
She has experience working abroad.
'이력' is the object of '있다' (to have), modified by '해외 근무' (working abroad).
이력 관리를 철저히 해야 합니다.
You must manage your personal history thoroughly.
'이력' modifies '관리' (management), forming '이력 관리' (history management).
그의 이력은 매우 흥미롭습니다.
His personal history is very interesting.
'이력' is the subject of the adjective '흥미롭습니다' (is interesting).
이력서에 오탈자가 없도록 주의하세요.
Be careful not to have typos in your resume.
'이력서' is the location where the error might occur, hence '에'.
이 프로젝트는 성공적인 이력을 가지고 있습니다.
This project has a successful track record.
'이력' is the object of '가지고 있습니다' (has).
회사는 지원자의 과거 이력을 면밀히 검토했습니다.
The company thoroughly reviewed the applicant's past history.
'이력' is the object of '검토했습니다' (reviewed).
그는 다양한 분야에서 폭넓은 이력을 쌓아왔습니다.
He has built a broad career history in various fields.
'이력' is the object of '쌓아왔습니다' (has built/accumulated).
이력서에 기재된 내용은 사실과 일치해야 합니다.
The content listed on the resume must match the facts.
'이력서' is the location where content is listed, hence '에'.
그녀는 수십 년간의 교육계 이력을 자랑합니다.
She boasts decades of experience in the education field.
'이력' is the object of '자랑합니다' (boasts).
회사의 연혁과 인물들의 이력을 함께 살펴보는 것은 의미가 있습니다.
It is meaningful to examine the company's chronological history and the personal histories of individuals together.
'이력' is the object of '살펴보는 것' (examining), with '인물들의' (of the individuals) specifying whose history.
이력 불일치로 인해 지원 자격이 박탈되었습니다.
Due to inconsistencies in the record, the application qualification was revoked.
'이력' is the subject of '불일치' (inconsistency), hence '로 인해' (due to).
그의 연구 이력은 학계에 큰 영향을 미쳤습니다.
His research history has greatly influenced academia.
'이력' is the subject of '미쳤습니다' (influenced).
이력서 작성 시에는 간결하고 명확하게 작성하는 것이 중요합니다.
When writing a resume, it is important to write concisely and clearly.
'이력서' is the object of '작성 시에는' (when writing), indicating the context.
본인의 이력을 객관적으로 평가하고 강점을 부각해야 합니다.
You must objectively evaluate your personal history and highlight your strengths.
'이력' is the object of '평가하고' (evaluate) and the subject of '부각해야 합니다' (must highlight).
그 연예인의 화려한 이력은 많은 사람들의 귀감이 되고 있습니다.
That celebrity's brilliant career history serves as an example for many people.
'이력' is the subject of '되고 있습니다' (is becoming), modified by '화려한' (brilliant).
이력 조회 시스템을 통해 과거 기록을 확인할 수 있습니다.
Past records can be verified through the history inquiry system.
'이력' is part of '이력 조회 시스템' (history inquiry system), acting as a modifier.
그의 예술계 이력은 실험 정신과 창의성으로 점철되어 있습니다.
His art world career history is marked by experimental spirit and creativity.
'이력' is the subject of '점철되어 있습니다' (is marked/filled with).
이력서의 진위 여부를 확인하기 위해 추가 서류 제출을 요구했습니다.
We requested the submission of additional documents to verify the authenticity of the resume.
'이력서' is the object of '확인하기 위해' (to verify).
그는 오랜 기간 동안 쌓아온 전문적인 이력을 바탕으로 업계에서 인정받고 있습니다.
He is recognized in the industry based on his professional career history built over a long period.
'이력' is the object of '쌓아온' (built/accumulated), and the basis for recognition.
이력의 공백 기간에 대한 명확한 설명이 필요합니다.
A clear explanation is needed for the blank periods in your history.
'이력' is the subject of '공백 기간' (blank period), hence '의'.
각종 자격증과 수상 경력이 그의 이력을 더욱 풍부하게 합니다.
Various certifications and awards enrich his personal history.
'이력' is the object of '풍부하게 합니다' (enriches).
그의 학문적 이력은 기존 패러다임을 전환시키는 데 결정적인 역할을 했습니다.
His academic career played a decisive role in transforming existing paradigms.
'이력' is the subject of '역할을 했습니다' (played a role).
기업의 사회적 책임 이행 여부는 그 기업의 장기적인 이력으로 평가될 것입니다.
Whether a company fulfills its social responsibilities will be evaluated by its long-term history.
'이력' is the object of '평가될 것입니다' (will be evaluated).
그의 문학적 이력은 당대 사회상을 반영하는 거울과도 같습니다.
His literary career history is like a mirror reflecting the social conditions of his time.
'이력' is the subject of '같습니다' (is like).
이력서에 명시된 모든 사항은 철저한 검증을 거쳐야 합니다.
All matters specified on the resume must undergo thorough verification.
'이력서' is the object of '명시된' (specified), hence '에'.
이력의 단절은 종종 새로운 기회를 모색하는 과정에서 발생하기도 합니다.
Disruptions in one's history often occur in the process of seeking new opportunities.
'이력' is the subject of '단절' (disruption), hence '의'.
그의 예술적 이력은 특정 사조에 국한되지 않고 끊임없이 변화하고 발전해왔습니다.
His artistic career history has continuously changed and developed, not being confined to a specific artistic movement.
'이력' is the subject of '변화하고 발전해왔습니다' (has changed and developed).
정부 기관은 국민의 개인 이력 정보를 엄격하게 관리해야 할 의무가 있습니다.
Government agencies have an obligation to strictly manage citizens' personal history information.
'이력' is part of '개인 이력 정보' (personal history information), acting as a modifier.
이력서상의 경력과 실제 경험 간의 괴리는 채용 과정에서 중요한 고려 사항입니다.
The discrepancy between the experience stated on the resume and actual experience is an important consideration in the hiring process.
'이력서' is the location where experience is stated, hence '상에서' (on/in).
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— Please give me the resume.
면접을 보기 전에 이력서 주세요.
— I need a resume.
취업을 하려면 이력서가 필요해요.
— I am writing my resume.
지금 이력서 작성 중이에요. 곧 끝날 거예요.
— Resume submission deadline.
이력서 제출 마감일이 내일이라서 서둘러야 해요.
— To list/write on a resume.
이력서에 모든 경력을 기재했어요.
— Please review my resume.
면접 전에 이력서 검토 부탁드립니다.
— Resume content.
이력서 내용에 오탈자가 없는지 확인하세요.
— Resume format/template.
어떤 이력서 양식을 사용하는 것이 좋을까요?
— Resume and cover letter.
이력서와 자기소개서를 함께 제출해야 합니다.
— Attaching a photo to the resume.
이력서에 사진 첨부하는 것을 잊지 마세요.
Often Confused With
'경력' specifically refers to work experience, which is a part of '이력'. '이력' is the overall personal history, including education, skills, and achievements.
'기록' is a general term for 'record'. '이력' is a specific type of record pertaining to a person's history or career.
'연혁' refers to the chronological history of an organization or event, not an individual's personal history.
Idioms & Expressions
— To speak or be represented solely by one's resume/CV, implying that the document is the primary or only way one's qualifications are judged.
이 면접에서는 이력서 한 장으로 말해야 할지도 몰라요.
Formal/Professional— To damage or tarnish one's reputation or record with a mistake or negative event.
그의 실수로 인해 그의 경력 이력에 흠집을 냈습니다.
Formal— Figuratively, to accumulate experience and qualifications, leading to a more substantial resume. It can also literally mean to have many resumes.
수년간의 노력 끝에 그의 이력서가 쌓여 더 많은 기회를 얻게 되었다.
Figurative/Professional— Experience or skills that were not mentioned or present on one's resume, often discovered during an interview or on the job.
면접관이 이력서에 없던 경력에 대해 질문했습니다.
Informal/Professional— Similar to '이력서 한 장으로 말하다', this idiom suggests that one's resume is the primary tool to communicate their qualifications and suitability for a role.
이력서로 말할 수 있다면, 당신은 이미 절반은 성공한 것입니다.
Formal/Professional— Similar to '이력에 흠집을 내다', meaning to have a flaw or crack in one's record or reputation, often due to a mistake or scandal.
그 사건 이후로 그의 공직 이력에 금이 갔다.
Formal— The belief that one's resume is a complete and accurate representation of who they are and what they can do.
어떤 사람들은 이력서가 곧 자신이라고 생각하지만, 그것은 너무 단순한 생각입니다.
Philosophical/Professional— Stories or experiences that are not included in a resume, often revealing more personal or unique aspects of an individual.
면접은 이력서에 없는 이야기를 들려줄 기회입니다.
Informal/Professional— When one's resume clearly indicates their qualifications, experience, or potential.
그의 이력서가 그의 전문성을 말해주고 있습니다.
Formal/Professional— To fill in gaps or periods of inactivity in one's history or resume, often with explanations or new experiences.
그는 그 공백 기간 동안 자원봉사를 하며 이력의 공백을 메웠습니다.
FormalEasily Confused
Both relate to a person's professional life.
'이력' is the broader term encompassing all aspects of a person's documented history, including education, skills, and achievements. '경력' specifically refers to work experience. You submit an '이력서' which contains your '경력'.
이력서에는 경력 사항과 학력 사항이 모두 포함됩니다. (A resume includes both career experience details and academic background details.)
Both are components of a person's background.
'이력' is the entire personal history. '학력' specifically refers to one's educational background (degrees, schools attended, etc.). '학력' is typically a section within one's '이력'.
그의 이력은 훌륭한 학력으로 시작되었습니다. (His history began with an excellent academic background.)
Both are types of records.
'이력' is a personal history or career record, often cumulative and related to an individual's journey. '기록' is a more general term for any record, like a factual account of an event or data.
그의 범죄 기록은 길다. (His criminal record is long.) vs. 그의 경력 이력은 화려하다. (His career history is brilliant.)
Both deal with history.
'이력' refers to an individual's personal or professional history. '연혁' refers to the chronological history of an organization, company, or event.
이 회사의 연혁은 1990년부터 시작됩니다. (This company's chronological history starts from 1990.) vs. 그의 이력은 1990년대부터 시작되었습니다. (His history began in the 1990s.)
One is the root word, the other is a common compound.
'이력' is the concept of personal history or record. '이력서' is the actual document (resume/CV) that contains this history. You create and submit an '이력서' to present your '이력'.
이력서에 당신의 이력을 자세히 적으세요. (Write your history in detail on your resume.)
Sentence Patterns
[Noun] + 이력서 + 주세요.
이력서 주세요.
[Noun] + 이력서 + 가 + 필요해요.
이력서가 필요해요.
[Subject] + 의 + 이력 + 이/가 + [Adjective].
그의 이력이 뛰어나요.
[Subject] + 이력 + 을/를 + [Verb].
저는 이력을 작성했어요.
[Context] + 에서 + [Description] + 이력 + 을/를 + 쌓다.
그는 다양한 분야에서 이력을 쌓았습니다.
[Subject] + 는 + [Description] + 이력 + 을/를 + 가지고 있다.
그녀는 해외 근무 이력을 가지고 있습니다.
[Subject] + 의 + 이력 + 은/는 + [Description] + 으로 + 점철되다.
그의 예술계 이력은 실험 정신으로 점철되어 있습니다.
[Subject] + 의 + 이력 + 에 + [Issue] + 이/가 + 발생하다.
이력의 단절이 발생했습니다.
Word Family
Nouns
Related
How to Use It
High (especially as '이력서')
-
Using '이력' instead of '경력' for specific work experience.
→
그는 10년 경력이 있습니다. (He has 10 years of experience.)
'이력' is the overall history. '경력' is specifically work experience. While '이력' includes '경력', it's more precise to use '경력' when talking only about jobs.
-
Using '이력' in casual conversation.
→
어제 친구랑 재미있게 놀았어. (I had fun with my friend yesterday.)
'이력' is a formal term. In casual chat, you'd discuss specific events, not abstract 'history'.
-
Confusing '이력' with '기록' when referring to personal history.
→
그의 이력은 매우 인상적이다. (His history is very impressive.)
'이력' is specifically personal or career history. '기록' is a general record, like a game score or a factual note.
-
Incorrectly using particles with '이력'.
→
이력(이) 중요하다. (History is important.)
When '이력' is the subject, use '이/가'. When it's the object, use '을/를'.
-
Thinking '이력서' is just 'experience'.
→
이력서는 경력, 학력, 기술 등을 모두 포함하는 문서입니다. (A resume is a document that includes work experience, academic background, skills, etc.)
'이력서' is a comprehensive document containing one's entire history, not just experience.
Tips
Focus on '이력서'
For beginners, the most practical way to learn and use '이력' is by focusing on the compound word '이력서' (resume/CV). This is where you'll encounter it most frequently and where its meaning is most clear. Practice sentences related to submitting, writing, and reviewing resumes.
Distinguish from Similar Words
Understand the nuances between '이력' (overall history), '경력' (work experience), and '학력' (academic background). Knowing these distinctions will help you use the words accurately in different contexts.
Recognize Formal Settings
'이력' is generally used in formal or semi-formal situations, such as job applications, academic admissions, or professional discussions. Avoid using it in very casual conversations unless it's in a specific idiomatic expression.
Master Particles
As '이력' is a noun, pay close attention to the particles (e.g., 이/가, 을/를, 의) used with it. Correct particle usage is crucial for forming grammatically sound sentences and conveying the intended meaning, especially when '이력' acts as a subject or object.
Leverage Compound Words
Learn common compound words involving '이력' like '이력 관리' (history management) or '경력 이력' (career history). These compounds often appear in specific contexts and can help you understand the broader applications of the word.
Visualize a Timeline
Imagine '이력' as a timeline of your life or career. This visual can help you remember that it represents a sequence of past events, experiences, and achievements. This can be especially helpful when differentiating it from terms that refer to the present or future.
Create Your Own Examples
Actively create your own sentences using '이력' and '이력서'. Try to write sentences describing hypothetical job applications, academic achievements, or professional journeys. This active recall strengthens your understanding and usage.
Use Contextual Clues
When you encounter '이력' in reading or listening, look for surrounding words and phrases. Words like '지원하다' (to apply), '채용' (recruitment), '학교' (school), or '직장' (workplace) will strongly suggest that '이력' refers to personal or professional history.
Understand Cultural Significance
Recognize the cultural importance of '이력' in Korean society, particularly concerning academic success and career paths. Understanding this context can motivate you to learn the word more thoroughly.
Consistent Practice
Regularly review the word '이력' and its related terms. Use flashcards, quizzes, and practice exercises to reinforce your memory and ensure you can use it accurately and confidently.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a detective meticulously gathering 'evidence' (이) about someone's 'journey' (력) through life. The 'evidence' is the '이', and the 'journey' is the '력'. So, '이력' is the collected evidence of your life's journey.
Visual Association
Picture a long scroll unrolling, filled with milestones, job titles, and educational degrees. This scroll represents your '이력'. Another visual could be a timeline marked with significant events in a person's life.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to explain in Korean what '이력' means to someone who doesn't know the word, using examples like job applications or academic records. Focus on the idea of a documented history.
Word Origin
The word '이력' is a Sino-Korean word, derived from Chinese characters. It is composed of two Hanja: '이' (吏) and '력' (歷).
Original meaning: '이' (吏) historically referred to clerks or officials, implying a connection to official duties and records. '력' (歷) means 'to experience', 'to pass through', 'history', or 'calendar'. Together, they suggest a record of one's passage through official duties or experiences.
Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)Cultural Context
When discussing someone's '이력', it's important to be mindful of privacy and context. While professional history is often shared, personal details should be treated with respect. In professional settings, focusing on achievements and qualifications is key.
In English-speaking countries, 'resume' or 'CV' are the direct equivalents. While the importance of a detailed work and education history is universal, the specific cultural nuances in presentation and emphasis might differ. For example, the length and content of a resume can vary.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Job Application
- 이력서 제출
- 이력서 작성
- 이력서 검토
- 지원 자격
Academic Admissions
- 학력 이력
- 추천서
- 지원 서류
Professional Networking
- 경력 소개
- 전문 분야
- 업계 경험
Official Records
- 개인 정보
- 기록 보관
- 신원 확인
Describing Someone's Background
- 뛰어난 이력
- 다양한 경험
- 전문성
Conversation Starters
"이력서 준비는 다 했어요?"
"새로운 직장 지원할 때 이력서에 뭘 가장 중요하게 쓰나요?"
"당신의 이력에서 가장 자랑스러운 부분은 무엇인가요?"
"이력서에 경력 이력을 어떻게 쓰는 게 좋을까요?"
"혹시 이력서 작성하는 데 도움이 필요하면 말해주세요."
Journal Prompts
오늘 제가 겪었던 일들을 제 이력에 추가한다면 무엇이라고 기록할 수 있을까요?
제 이력 중에서 가장 큰 성취는 무엇이었고, 그 이유는 무엇일까요?
만약 제 이력서가 저를 대신 말해준다면, 어떤 점을 가장 강조하고 싶나요?
제 이력을 되돌아보며 앞으로 어떤 경험을 쌓고 싶은지 적어보세요.
제가 가진 특별한 기술이나 경험 중 이력서에 빠뜨린 것은 없을까요?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe most common way to encounter and use '이력' is as part of the word '이력서' (iryeokseo), which means resume or CV. This document details a person's personal history, career, and education, and is essential for job applications and academic admissions.
No, '이력' is broader than just 'career'. While career history ('경력') is a significant part of one's '이력', '이력' also includes academic background ('학력'), skills, achievements, and other relevant life experiences. Think of '이력' as the complete documented story of a person's journey.
'이력' is specifically for a person's history, career, or record, often in a formal context. '기록' is a more general term for any kind of record, like a factual note, a sports score, or a historical event. For example, '경기 기록' (game record) uses '기록', while '경력 이력' (career history) uses '이력'.
Yes, sometimes '이력' can refer to the history or record of an object, event, or phenomenon, similar to how you might talk about the 'history' of a product or a company. However, its primary and most common usage is for personal history.
'이력' is the concept of personal history or record. '이력서' is the physical or digital document (resume/CV) that contains and presents this history. You write and submit an '이력서' to showcase your '이력'.
Generally, '이력' is a more formal term and is not frequently used in very casual conversations among close friends. You're more likely to hear it in contexts related to jobs, education, or professional backgrounds. In casual settings, people might use more direct language or discuss specific experiences rather than the abstract concept of '이력'.
The closest Korean term for 'track record' in a professional context is often '이력' or more specifically '경력 이력' (career history) or '성공 이력' (successful history). Phrases like '뛰어난 이력' (excellent history) or '성공적인 이력' (successful history) can convey the meaning.
A typical '이력서' includes personal information, academic background ('학력'), work experience ('경력'), skills, awards, and sometimes a self-introduction or personal statement. Essentially, it's a compilation of one's '이력'.
Not necessarily. '이력' is a neutral term referring to a record of past events. While often used to highlight positive achievements, it can also include neutral or even negative information if relevant to a person's history. For example, a company might review an employee's disciplinary '이력'.
Start by understanding and using '이력서' in sentences. Then, try to describe the difference between '이력', '경력', and '학력'. You can also practice creating hypothetical sentences about someone's achievements using '이력'.
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Summary
The Korean word '이력' (iryeok) signifies a personal history or record, most commonly encountered as '이력서' (iryeokseo), the Korean term for a resume or CV. It details an individual's educational background, professional experience, skills, and achievements, and is primarily used in formal contexts such as job applications and academic admissions.
- A record of someone's life, career, or achievements.
- Often refers to a resume or CV (이력서).
- Used in formal contexts like job applications and academic admissions.
- Encompasses education, work experience, and skills.
Focus on '이력서'
For beginners, the most practical way to learn and use '이력' is by focusing on the compound word '이력서' (resume/CV). This is where you'll encounter it most frequently and where its meaning is most clear. Practice sentences related to submitting, writing, and reviewing resumes.
Distinguish from Similar Words
Understand the nuances between '이력' (overall history), '경력' (work experience), and '학력' (academic background). Knowing these distinctions will help you use the words accurately in different contexts.
Recognize Formal Settings
'이력' is generally used in formal or semi-formal situations, such as job applications, academic admissions, or professional discussions. Avoid using it in very casual conversations unless it's in a specific idiomatic expression.
Master Particles
As '이력' is a noun, pay close attention to the particles (e.g., 이/가, 을/를, 의) used with it. Correct particle usage is crucial for forming grammatically sound sentences and conveying the intended meaning, especially when '이력' acts as a subject or object.
Related Content
More work words
주 5일제
A2A system where one works five days a week, typically Monday to Friday.
결근
A2Absence from work; not being present at work.
결근하다
A2To be absent from work.
추상적이다
A2To be abstract.
출입증
A2ID card, access card.
회계
B1The systematic recording and reporting of financial transactions.
경리
A2Accounting or bookkeeping, managing financial records.
업적
B1A notable achievement or accomplishment.
적극적이다
A2To be active, to be proactive.
적극적으로
B1In an active, proactive, or enthusiastic manner.
