A2 Pronouns 15 min read Medium

Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns: me, te, le...

Indirect object pronouns identify who receives the result of an action, usually appearing right before the conjugated verb.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Indirect Object Pronouns tell us 'to whom' or 'for whom' an action is performed, appearing before the conjugated verb.

  • Use 'me' for me, 'te' for you (informal), 'le' for him/her/you (formal).
  • Always place the pronoun before the conjugated verb: 'Te doy un regalo' (I give you a gift).
  • Use 'les' for plural 'them' or 'you all' (ustedes).
IOP + Verb + Subject

Overview

Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns (IOPs) are fundamental components of the language, indicating who benefits from or is affected by an action. They answer the implicit questions "to whom?" or "for whom?" an action is performed, rather than identifying the direct receiver of the verb's action. Mastering IOPs is crucial for achieving natural, idiomatic Spanish, allowing you to move beyond basic declarative sentences.

Unlike direct objects, which directly receive the action of the verb (e.g., el libro in "I read the book"), indirect objects denote the recipient or beneficiary of that action (e.g., you in "I read you the book"). These small words—me, te, le, nos, os, les—function to streamline communication by either replacing or anticipating the indirect object. This grammatical efficiency is a hallmark of Spanish, providing clarity and conciseness, akin to saying "I give him the book" instead of "I give the book to him."

Understanding IOPs also provides insight into the underlying structure of many Spanish verbs that inherently imply a recipient, such as verbs of communication or transference. Their consistent application across various verbs and tenses is a cornerstone of Spanish syntax. The language often prioritizes the recipient early in the sentence, establishing crucial context before the main action unfolds, a subtle but significant difference from English.

How This Grammar Works

Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns serve as grammatical placeholders for the person or entity that indirectly receives the action of the verb. Conceptually, they represent the destination or beneficiary of an action, rather than the direct object being acted upon. For instance, in Le di un libro, the libro is the direct object (what was given), while le specifies to whom it was given, making it the indirect object.
In most affirmative and negative sentences, the IOP is placed directly before the conjugated verb. This pre-verbal placement is a core structural element of Spanish. Consider the declarative sentence: Te escribo una carta. (To you I write a letter.) Here, te precedes escribo, signifying the recipient before the action is completed.
A distinctive feature of Spanish IOPs is redundant pronouns, also known as clitic doubling. Even when the indirect object is explicitly stated using a + noun phrase (e.g., a mi hermana), the corresponding indirect object pronoun is almost always mandatory. This is not mere repetition; the pronoun le or les functions as the true grammatical object, while the a + noun phrase serves to clarify who le refers to, especially since le can mean "to him," "to her," or "to you formal."
For example: Le doy el regalo a mi hermana. (I give the gift to my sister.) Both le and a mi hermana are present. The le is syntactically required, while a mi hermana provides the specific identity of the indirect object. This doubling ensures both grammatical correctness and clarity, maintaining the natural rhythm of spoken Spanish.
Omitting the pronoun is a common and noticeable error for learners, signaling a deviation from idiomatic Spanish usage.

Formation Pattern

1
Forming sentences with Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns involves selecting the correct pronoun based on person and number, then placing it correctly. IOPs are gender-neutral, meaning they do not change form for masculine or feminine recipients; only the person (first, second, third) and number (singular, plural) determine the choice.
2
| Person | Pronoun | English Equivalent (to/for) |
3
|:-----------------|:--------|:----------------------------|
4
| 1st Singular | me | me |
5
| 2nd Singular | te | you (informal, tú) |
6
| 3rd Singular | le | him, her, you (formal, usted) |
7
| 1st Plural | nos | us |
8
| 2nd Plural | os | you all (informal, vosotros/as, Spain) |
9
| 3rd Plural | les | them, you all (formal/general, ustedes) |
10
Basic Placement Rule: In most declarative sentences, the IOP is placed directly before the conjugated verb.
11
Ella me compra flores. (She buys flowers for me.)
12
Nosotros te enviamos un mensaje. (We send a message to you.)
13
El camarero les trae la cuenta. (The waiter brings the bill to them.)
14
Placement with Verb Chains (Infinitives and Gerunds): When a sentence contains a conjugated verb followed by an infinitive (-ar, -er, -ir) or a present participle (-ando, -iendo), you have two placement options:
15
Before the conjugated verb (the default rule).
16
Attached to the end of the infinitive or present participle.
17
Both options are grammatically correct, though attaching can sometimes feel slightly more informal or concise. When attaching to a gerund, an accent mark is often necessary to maintain the original stress of the verb.
18
With infinitive: Ella me va a comprar flores. OR Ella va a comprarme flores. (She is going to buy me flowers.)
19
With gerund: Él nos está escribiendo. OR Él está escribiéndonos. (He is writing to us.) Notice the accent on escribiéndonos.
20
The se Transformation (IOP + DOP combinations): A crucial rule applies when an Indirect Object Pronoun (le or les) is immediately followed by a Direct Object Pronoun that begins with 'l' (lo, la, los, las). In this specific sequence, the le or les must change to se. This transformation prevents an awkward phonetic clash (e.g., le lo is difficult to pronounce fluidly).
21
Incorrect: Le lo di. (I gave it to him/her.)
22
Correct: Se lo di. (I gave it to him/her.) (se replaces le)
23
Incorrect: Les las mostró. (He/She showed them (f.) to them.)
24
Correct: Se las mostró. (He/She showed them (f.) to them.) (se replaces les)
25
This se is a placeholder for le or les and does not carry its usual reflexive or impersonal meaning here. The actual recipient can still be clarified with an a phrase (e.g., Se lo conté a mi amigo.).
26
Placement with Commands (Imperatives): When using IOPs with commands, placement rules shift:
27
In affirmative commands, the pronoun is attached to the end of the command form. An accent mark may be needed to preserve stress.
28
Dame la información. (Give me the information.)
29
Diles la verdad. (Tell them the truth.)
30
In negative commands, the pronoun maintains its usual placement before the verb.
31
No me digas eso. (Don't tell me that.)
32
No les des problemas. (Don't give them problems.)

When To Use It

Indirect Object Pronouns are employed whenever the verb's action is directed toward a recipient or benefits/detrimentally affects someone. They consistently answer "to whom?" or "for whom?" the action is performed, establishing the target of the verb's intention.
1. Verbs of Transference and Communication: Many common verbs inherently involve an indirect object because their action implies giving, telling, or showing something to someone.
  • Dar (to give): Siempre les doy regalos. (I always give them gifts.)
  • Decir (to tell/say): Me dices la verdad, ¿verdad? (You tell me the truth, right?)
  • Escribir (to write): Le escribí una carta de agradecimiento. (I wrote him/her a thank-you letter.)
  • Mandar/Enviar (to send): Te mandé un correo electrónico. (I sent you an email.)
  • Mostrar (to show): ¿Nos muestras las fotos? (Will you show us the photos?)
2. The "Gustar" Family of Verbs: Verbs like gustar (to like/please), encantar (to love/delight), doler (to hurt), importar (to matter), fascinar (to fascinate), interesar (to interest), and quedar (to suit/fit) always use IOPs. In these constructions, the grammatical subject is the thing doing the pleasing/hurting, and the person to whom it pleases/hurts is the indirect object.
  • Me gusta el café. (The coffee is pleasing to me / I like coffee.) Here, el café is the subject.
  • A ella le duele la cabeza. (The head hurts to her / Her head hurts.) La cabeza is the subject.
  • A nosotros nos importan los detalles. (The details matter to us / The details are important to us.) Los detalles is the subject.
3. Indicating Advantage or Disadvantage (Benefit/Detriment): IOPs are also used to show that someone benefits from or is negatively affected by an action, even without a direct transfer of a physical object. This usage highlights the personal impact of the action.
  • Le cortaron el pelo. (They cut his/her hair.) – This implies the action was done for him/her, even though the hair is the direct object.
  • Me robaron la cartera. (They stole my wallet from me.) – This indicates a detrimental effect on the speaker.
This broad application demonstrates the versatility of IOPs in Spanish, extending beyond simple transference to encompass a wide range of actions that have a personal impact on individuals. It's a way the language expresses whose interests are involved.

Common Mistakes

Navigating Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns presents several common pitfalls for learners. Identifying these typical errors and understanding their grammatical roots is crucial for developing accurate and fluent Spanish.
1. Omitting the Redundant Pronoun (le/les when the indirect object is stated): This is arguably the most frequent error. Many learners, influenced by English, assume that once an a + [person/noun] phrase is present, the pronoun becomes optional. In Spanish, however, the IOP is almost always mandatory in such constructions.
  • Incorrect: Doy el libro a María.
  • Correct: Le doy el libro a María. (I give the book to María.)
  • Incorrect: Escribí a mis padres.
  • Correct: Les escribí a mis padres. (I wrote to my parents.)
The reason for this is syntactic: the pronoun (le/les) functions as the actual grammatical indirect object, while the a + [noun] phrase clarifies the identity of that object, especially useful given le's ambiguity (him, her, formal you).
2. Confusing le/les (IOP) with lo/la/los/las (Direct Object Pronouns - DOPs): This distinction is fundamental. The choice depends on whether the person/thing is the direct receiver of the verb's action (DOP) or the indirect recipient/beneficiary (IOP).
  • If you see a person, that person is the direct object: La veo. (I see her.) (la is DOP)
  • If you speak to a person, that person is the indirect object: Le hablo. (I speak to him/her.) (le is IOP)
Consider dar (to give): What is given (the gift) is the direct object; to whom it is given (the person) is the indirect object.
  • Incorrect: Lo di el regalo a Juan. (Attempting to use lo for him)
  • Correct: Le di el regalo a Juan. (I gave the gift to Juan.)
3. Incorrect Use of se in IOP + DOP Sequences: The se transformation for le/les before lo/la/los/las is a specific and non-negotiable rule. Misusing it or forgetting it leads to ungrammatical phrasing.
  • Incorrect: Le lo expliqué. (I explained it to him/her.)
  • Correct: Se lo expliqué. (I explained it to him/her.)
Remember, this se specifically replaces le or les in this context and is not functioning as a reflexive or impersonal pronoun.
4. Misplacing Accents when Attaching Pronouns: When IOPs (and DOPs) are attached to infinitives, gerunds, or affirmative commands, an accent mark is often required to preserve the original stress of the verb. Failing to include it is a common spelling error.
  • Incorrect: Estaba diciendole. (Stress shifts to le)
  • Correct: Estaba diciéndole. (Original stress on -cien- preserved)
  • Incorrect: Quiero explicartelo. (Stress shifts to te)
  • Correct: Quiero explicártelo. (Original stress on -car- preserved)
5. Overlooking Regional Differences (os vs. les): The pronoun os is used exclusively in Spain for the informal second-person plural (vosotros/as). In nearly all of Latin America, les serves for both "to/for them" and "to/for you all" (formal or informal plural).
  • Spain: ¿Os traigo algo de beber? (Shall I bring you all something to drink?)
  • Latin America: ¿Les traigo algo de beber? (Shall I bring you all something to drink?)
Awareness of your target dialect is important to ensure natural communication.

Real Conversations

To truly grasp the function of Indirect Object Pronouns, observing their usage in authentic, modern communication is invaluable. IOPs are seamlessly integrated into various registers of Spanish, from informal messages to professional exchanges.

1. Texting / WhatsApp: IOPs are prevalent in digital communication due to their efficiency and conciseness.

- Scenario: Friend asking for a favor.

- Hola, ¿me puedes hacer un favor? (Hey, can you do me a favor?)

- Claro, dime qué necesitas. (Sure, tell me what you need.)

- Scenario: Sharing news with a group.

- ¡Chicos, les tengo una noticia increíble! (Guys, I have incredible news for you all!)

- Cuéntanos todo. (Tell us everything.)

2. Casual Conversation: In spoken Spanish, IOPs often appear with the clarifying a phrase, providing both grammatical structure and specific identification of the recipient.

- Scenario: Discussing a gift.

- Ayer le di un libro muy bueno a mi hermano. (Yesterday I gave a very good book to my brother.)

- ¡Qué bien! ¿Le gustó? (How nice! Did he like it?) (gustar verb)

- Scenario: Making a suggestion.

- ¿Por qué no les pedimos recomendaciones a los vecinos? (Why don't we ask the neighbors for recommendations?)

- Sí, es una buena idea. Les voy a enviar un mensaje. (Yes, that's a good idea. I'm going to send them a message.)

3. Work Emails / Professional Contexts: Even in formal settings, IOPs serve to clearly indicate recipients of actions or information.

- Scenario: Following up on information.

- Estimados, les adjunto el informe final. (Dear sirs/madams, I am attaching the final report for you.)

- Gracias, lo revisaremos con atención. (Thank you, we will review it carefully.)

- Scenario: Offering assistance.

- Si tienen alguna pregunta, no duden en contactarme. Con gusto les ayudaré. (If you have any questions, don't hesitate to contact me. I will gladly help you all.)

These examples underscore that IOPs are not academic constructs but an integral part of how native Spanish speakers convey meaning across various communicative situations. Attentive listening and reading for these patterns will significantly enhance your comprehension and production of authentic Spanish.

Quick FAQ

Here are answers to frequently asked questions regarding Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns, addressing common points of confusion for learners.
  • Q: Does le indicate gender?
  • A: No, le is gender-neutral. It can refer to "him," "her," or "you (formal, singular)." To specify gender or to clarify the identity of le, you must use the clarifying phrase a él, a ella, or a usted after the verb, usually alongside the mandatory le. For example, Le compré un regalo a él. (I bought him a gift.)
  • Q: How do I know if me, te, nos, os are direct or indirect?
  • A: The pronouns me, te, nos, and os are identical for both direct and indirect objects. Their function is determined by the verb's meaning and the context. If the action is done to the person directly (e.g., Me ves - You see me), it's a direct object. If the action is done for or to the person as a recipient or beneficiary (e.g., Me das el libro - You give me the book), it's an indirect object. Verbs such as dar (to give), decir (to tell), escribir (to write) typically involve indirect objects for the person.
  • Q: What happens if I have both an IOP and a DOP in the same sentence?
  • A: When both an IOP and a DOP are present, the IOP always comes first. Remember the se transformation rule: if the IOP is le or les and the DOP begins with l (lo, la, los, las), the le/les changes to se. All other combinations (me lo, te la, nos los, etc.) maintain the IOP + DOP order.
  • Te lo doy. (I give it to you.) (te is IOP, lo is DOP)
  • Se la explicamos. (We explain it (f.) to him/her/them/you all.) (se is IOP, la is DOP)
  • Q: Can I use IOPs with commands (imperatives)?
  • A: Yes, but their placement changes. In affirmative commands, the pronoun is attached to the end of the command form, and an accent mark may be needed: Cómprame el pan. (Buy me the bread.) In negative commands, the pronoun follows the usual placement before the verb: No me compres el pan. (Don't buy me the bread.)
  • Q: Why does Spanish sometimes use a + [person] even with an IOP?
  • A: This is the redundant pronoun phenomenon. While the pronoun (le or les) is the grammatical indirect object, a + [person] clarifies who le or les refers to. This is essential for clarity because le is ambiguous (him, her, formal you) and les can refer to them or formal you all. The use of both is mandatory for grammatical correctness and specificity: Le compré un regalo a mi madre. (I bought a gift for my mother.)
  • Q: What's the difference between le gusta and le agrada?
  • A: Both express liking or pleasing, but gustar is far more common and general for expressing preferences ("to like"). Agradar is slightly more formal and often emphasizes that something is agreeable or pleasing to someone, sometimes with a nuance of approval or satisfaction rather than simple preference. For most basic expressions of liking, gustar is the default choice.

Indirect Object Pronouns

Person Singular Plural
1st
me
nos
2nd
te
os
3rd
le
les

Meanings

Indirect Object Pronouns replace the noun that receives the action of the verb indirectly.

1

Recipient

Indicating the person receiving the action.

“Me das el libro.”

“Le compro flores a ella.”

2

Beneficiary

Indicating who benefits from the action.

“Te preparo la cena.”

“Me haces un favor.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns: me, te, le...
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
IOP + Verb
Me gusta.
Negative
No + IOP + Verb
No te veo.
Question
IOP + Verb?
¿Le hablas?
Infinitive
Verb + IOP
Quiero verte.
Gerund
Gerund + IOP
Estoy dándote.
Plural
Les + Verb
Les hablo.

Formality Spectrum

Formal
Le envío el archivo.

Le envío el archivo. (Work/Email)

Neutral
Te envío el archivo.

Te envío el archivo. (Work/Email)

Informal
Te mando el archivo.

Te mando el archivo. (Work/Email)

Slang
Te paso el archivo.

Te paso el archivo. (Work/Email)

IOP Flow

Action

Recipient

  • me to me
  • te to you
  • le to him/her
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Examples by Level

1

Me gusta.

I like it.

2

Te hablo.

I am talking to you.

3

Me das agua.

You give me water.

4

Le escribo.

I write to him/her.

1

Le compro un regalo a mi madre.

I buy a gift for my mother.

2

Nos dicen la verdad.

They tell us the truth.

3

Les mando un correo a los jefes.

I send an email to the bosses.

4

No te entiendo.

I don't understand you.

1

Quiero decirte algo importante.

I want to tell you something important.

2

Se lo voy a dar mañana.

I am going to give it to him tomorrow.

3

Me han dado una oportunidad.

They have given me an opportunity.

4

Les pedimos que vengan pronto.

We ask them to come soon.

1

Le he enviado el informe al director.

I have sent the report to the director.

2

Me parece que tienes razón.

It seems to me that you are right.

3

No le des importancia a eso.

Don't give importance to that.

4

Les agradecería su ayuda.

I would appreciate your help.

1

Me ha robado el corazón.

He/she has stolen my heart.

2

Se le ocurrió una idea brillante.

A brilliant idea occurred to him.

3

Le dio por estudiar medicina.

He took it into his head to study medicine.

4

Nos lo dejaron muy claro.

They made it very clear to us.

1

Le vi y le dije lo que pensaba.

I saw him and told him what I thought.

2

Se me ha olvidado la llave.

I have forgotten the key.

3

Le han nombrado director.

They have named him director.

4

Les va la vida en ello.

Their lives depend on it.

Easily Confused

Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns: me, te, le... vs Direct vs Indirect

Learners mix up 'lo/la' and 'le'.

Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns: me, te, le... vs Redundancy

Learners think they don't need the pronoun if the name is there.

Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns: me, te, le... vs Placement

Learners place it after the verb.

Common Mistakes

✗

Doy el libro a él.

✓

Le doy el libro a él.

Redundancy is required in Spanish.
✗

Le veo.

✓

Lo veo.

Confusing direct and indirect objects.
✗

Doy le el libro.

✓

Le doy el libro.

Pronoun must precede the verb.
✗

Me gusta el libro a mí.

✓

A mí me gusta el libro.

Emphasis placement.
✗

Les hablo a ellos.

✓

Les hablo a ellos.

Actually correct, but often forgotten.
✗

Te doy a ti.

✓

Te doy a ti.

Correct, but needs the pronoun.
✗

Le escribo a María.

✓

Le escribo a María.

Correct, but often learners drop 'Le'.
✗

Le quiero dar.

✓

Quiero darle.

Placement with infinitive.
✗

Se lo doy a él.

✓

Se lo doy a él.

Correct, but often confused with 'le lo'.
✗

Le gusta los libros.

✓

Le gustan los libros.

Agreement with the subject.
✗

Le vi en la calle.

✓

Lo vi en la calle.

Leísmo vs standard usage.
✗

Les dije a ellos que vinieran.

✓

Les dije a ellos que vinieran.

Often redundant.
✗

Me ha gustado la película.

✓

Me ha gustado la película.

Correct, but often confused.

Sentence Patterns

___ doy el libro a ___.

Quiero ___ un regalo.

___ gusta la música.

No ___ hablo a ellos.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Te mando el link.

Ordering food very common

Me trae la cuenta.

Job interview common

Le agradezco la oportunidad.

Social media common

Le doy like.

Travel common

Me puede ayudar?

Email common

Le adjunto el archivo.

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💡

The 'Le' Rule

Always use 'le' for singular recipients, even if they are female.
⚠️

Don't skip!

Never omit the pronoun, even if the person is named.
🎯

Infinitive placement

You can attach the pronoun to the end of an infinitive.
💬

Regional variation

Be aware that some regions use 'le' for direct objects.

Smart Tips

Always add the pronoun before the verb.

Doy el libro a Juan. → Le doy el libro a Juan.

You have two choices for placement.

Le quiero dar. → Quiero darle.

Ask 'to whom' is the action directed?

Lo hablo. → Le hablo.

The pronoun is the person, the verb is the thing.

Yo gusto el libro. → Me gusta el libro.

Pronunciation

me-Doy

Stress

IOPs are unstressed and lean on the verb.

Declarative

Le doy el libro ↓

Neutral statement

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Remember 'IOP' as 'I Offer People'—the pronouns tell you who is receiving the offer.

Visual Association

Imagine a waiter (the verb) handing a plate to a customer (the IOP). The waiter always stands behind the customer.

Rhyme

Before the verb the pronoun goes, to tell the person, as everyone knows.

Story

Juan wants to give a gift. He chooses the gift. He looks at Maria. He says 'Le doy un regalo'. The 'Le' is the bridge between Juan and Maria.

Word Web

metelenososles

Challenge

Write 5 sentences about things you give to friends today.

Cultural Notes

Leísmo is common, using 'le' for male direct objects.

Standard usage is more common.

Voseo affects the pronoun usage.

Derived from Latin dative case pronouns.

Conversation Starters

“

¿Qué me recomiendas?

“

¿Le has hablado a tu jefe?

“

¿Me puedes ayudar?

“

¿Qué les vas a regalar?

Journal Prompts

Describe a gift you gave someone.
Write about a conversation you had.
Explain a favor you did for a friend.
Discuss advice you gave to a family member.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

___ doy el libro a María.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le
Recipient is singular.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le hablo a Juan.
Must include pronoun.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Doy el regalo a ella.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le doy el regalo a ella.
Redundant pronoun needed.
Change to infinitive. Sentence Transformation

Le quiero dar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Quiero darle.
Attach to infinitive.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: ¿Me ayudas? B: Sí, ___ ayudo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: te
Responding to 'me'.
Order the words. Sentence Building

el / doy / le / regalo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le doy el regalo.
Standard order.
Sort by person. Grammar Sorting

Which is 1st person?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
Me is 1st person.
Pick the pronoun. Conjugation Drill

For 'ellos' (plural):

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: les
Les is plural.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

___ doy el libro a María.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le
Recipient is singular.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le hablo a Juan.
Must include pronoun.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Doy el regalo a ella.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le doy el regalo a ella.
Redundant pronoun needed.
Change to infinitive. Sentence Transformation

Le quiero dar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Quiero darle.
Attach to infinitive.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: ¿Me ayudas? B: Sí, ___ ayudo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: te
Responding to 'me'.
Order the words. Sentence Building

el / doy / le / regalo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le doy el regalo.
Standard order.
Sort by person. Grammar Sorting

Which is 1st person?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
Me is 1st person.
Pick the pronoun. Conjugation Drill

For 'ellos' (plural):

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: les
Les is plural.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the blank. Fill in the Blank

¿___ puedes traer un vaso de agua (a nosotros)?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nos
Translate to Spanish. Translation

I tell her the truth.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le digo la verdad.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

reorder: [manda, Me, ubicación, la, ella]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ella me manda la ubicación.
Match the pronoun to its meaning. Match Pairs

Match them up:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me:to me, te:to you, le:to him/her, nos:to us
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Quiero decir le la verdad.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.
To whom is the action directed? Multiple Choice

In 'Les escribo un mail', who is receiving the mail?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Them
Fill in the blank. Fill in the Blank

El camarero ___ trae la cuenta a nosotros.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nos
Translate to Spanish. Translation

They send you (informal) a gift.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Te mandan un regalo.
Pick the right form for 'Spain' context. Multiple Choice

I tell you all (friends in Madrid) the story.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Os cuento la historia.
Fill in the blank. Fill in the Blank

¿A quién ___ compraste el libro?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: le

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

Spanish grammar requires the redundant pronoun to clarify the recipient.

No, 'le' is gender-neutral for singular recipients.

Only if it is an infinitive or gerund.

'Le' is for indirect objects (to whom), 'lo' is for direct objects (what).

Use 'nos'.

Yes, it is standard in all registers.

You can place the pronoun before the first verb or after the second.

Yes, especially regarding 'leísmo' in Spain.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

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In Other Languages

French high

me, te, lui

French uses 'lui' for both genders.

German moderate

mir, dir, ihm

German uses case markers on articles.

Japanese low

ni

Japanese is post-positional.

Arabic low

suffixes

Arabic is agglutinative.

Chinese low

gei

Chinese has no conjugation.

Spanish high

me, te, le

None.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Spanish Direct Object Pronouns: me, te, lo, la

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