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A1 noun 14분 분량

leeftijd

예시
설명 leeftijd in your Level:
At the A1 beginner level, the word leeftijd is introduced as a foundational vocabulary item essential for basic personal introductions and filling out simple forms. When you are just starting to learn Dutch, you need to know how to provide basic personal information such as your name, your country of origin, and your age. While you will learn that asking someone's age in conversation is done using the phrase 'Hoe oud ben je?' (How old are you?), recognizing the noun leeftijd is crucial for reading comprehension. You will see this word on registration forms at language schools, at the doctor's office, or when signing up for a library card. At this stage, the focus is on recognizing the word visually and knowing that it requires a number as an answer. You will also learn that the word takes the definite article 'de' (de leeftijd). Teachers will often use this word in the classroom to group students or to explain simple rules, such as the minimum age for certain activities. You do not need to worry about complex prepositions or idiomatic expressions at this level; simply associating the word met the concept of 'how many years old someone is' is the primary goal. Practice writing your own age next to the word on a piece of paper to solidify the connection.
Moving into the A2 elementary level, your understanding and usage of the word leeftijd expands beyond simple recognition on forms. You will begin to use the word actively in sentences to describe yourself and others. At this stage, you learn the crucial preposition 'op' (at), allowing you to construct phrases like 'op jonge leeftijd' (at a young age) or 'op mijn leeftijd' (at my age). You will also learn to use the word in comparisons, such as 'Zij is van dezelfde leeftijd als ik' (She is of the same age as me). This is also the level where you start reading short texts, such as simple news articles or stories, where demographic information is presented. You might read about a character reaching a certain leeftijd, or about a school designed for children of a specific leeftijd. The plural form, 'leeftijden', is introduced here, enabling you to talk about groups of people, like 'mensen van alle leeftijden' (people of all ages). Your vocabulary around life stages grows, and you start to differentiate between 'leeftijd' as a number and words like 'kind' (child) or 'volwassene' (adult). You will practice describing your family members, mentioning not just their names and occupations, but also their ages using this specific noun in full, descriptive sentences.
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At the B1 intermediate level, the word leeftijd becomes a tool for discussing societal rules, cultural norms, and more complex personal narratives. You are no longer just stating facts; you are explaining opinions and navigating real-world scenarios in the Netherlands. You will encounter compound nouns such as 'pensioenleeftijd' (retirement age) and 'leerplichtige leeftijd' (compulsory school age) in texts about Dutch society and government. You will learn to discuss the legal implications of age, such as the 'wettelijke leeftijd' for drinking alcohol or voting. In conversations, you can now express more nuanced thoughts, such as 'Ik vind dat hij zich niet naar zijn leeftijd gedraagt' (I think he doesn't act his age). The vocabulary surrounding the word becomes richer, incorporating verbs like 'bereiken' (to reach an age) and adjectives like 'gemiddelde' (average). You will also be able to read and understand job advertisements or housing rules that mention age requirements or restrictions. At this level, you should be entirely comfortable avoiding the common mistake of translating 'What is your age?' literally in casual chat, reserving 'Wat is uw leeftijd?' for formal or professional interactions where you are acting in an official capacity.
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Reaching the B2 upper-intermediate level means you can handle the word leeftijd in abstract, academic, and professional contexts with ease. You will read complex articles from sources like the NRC or Volkskrant discussing demographic shifts, such as the 'vergrijzing' (aging population) and how the 'gemiddelde leeftijd' of the Dutch population impacts the healthcare system and the economy. You are expected to actively use terms like 'leeftijdscategorie' (age bracket) and 'leeftijdsgrens' (age limit) in debates or essays. At this stage, you understand the subtleties of age-related discrimination ('leeftijdsdiscriminatie') in the workplace and can articulate arguments for or against policies based on age. You also master polite and idiomatic uses of the word, such as describing someone as 'op leeftijd' (elderly) rather than bluntly calling them 'oud'. Your listening comprehension allows you to follow fast-paced news reports or documentaries where statistics involving ages are rapidly presented. You can comfortably discuss psychological development across different ages, using the word to anchor discussions about human behavior, life choices, and generational differences, demonstrating a near-native grasp of the word's syntactic and semantic flexibility.
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At the C1 advanced level, your command of the word leeftijd is sophisticated and nuanced, allowing you to engage with literary, philosophical, and highly technical texts. You understand the subtle differences between 'leeftijd', 'ouderdom', and 'levensfase', choosing the exact right word for the rhetorical effect you desire. You can read classic Dutch literature and understand how the concept of age is portrayed across different historical contexts. In professional settings, you can draft official documents, HR policies, or academic papers that utilize complex compound words like 'leeftijdsopbouw' (age structure/demographics) or 'leeftijdsonafhankelijk' (age-independent). You are capable of participating in high-level sociological discussions about how age intersects with other demographic factors like class and gender in Dutch society. You can effortlessly comprehend and employ idiomatic expressions and metaphors related to age, understanding the cultural subtext behind them. At this level, you are not just using the word to convey information; you are using it to persuade, to analyze, and to critique societal structures, demonstrating a deep integration into the Dutch language and its cultural mindset regarding time and human existence.
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At the C2 mastery level, your use of the word leeftijd is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native Dutch speaker. You possess an intuitive grasp of the word's etymology and its place within the broader Germanic language family. You can seamlessly navigate conversations that touch upon the existential and philosophical implications of age, time, and mortality. You are entirely comfortable reading complex legal statutes, medical journals, or demographic treatises where the precise definition and measurement of 'leeftijd' are critical. You can play with the language, creating your own compound words or poetic metaphors involving age, knowing exactly how they will be received by a native audience. You understand the historical evolution of age-related policies in the Netherlands and can discuss them with historical accuracy and linguistic precision. Your vocabulary is expansive enough that you rarely need to rely on the basic word 'leeftijd' unless it is the absolute most precise term, often opting for evocative synonyms or descriptive phrases that demonstrate your absolute mastery of the Dutch lexicon. You understand every cultural joke, historical reference, and subtle euphemism related to age in the Dutch-speaking world.
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예시
The Dutch word leeftijd translates directly to the English word age, specifically referring to the length of time that a person, animal, or even an object has existed or lived. When you break down the word etymologically, you can see that it is composed of two distinct parts: leef, which comes from the verb leven meaning to live, and tijd, which translates to time. Therefore, the literal translation of leeftijd is life-time, which beautifully encapsulates the concept of measuring the duration of one's existence. In everyday Dutch society, this word is utilized across a wide variety of contexts, ranging from casual conversations between friends to highly formal bureaucratic documents. Understanding when and how to deploy this noun is fundamental for any learner of the Dutch language, as it frequently appears in discussions concerning demographics, personal identity, legal rights, and social milestones. When navigating the Netherlands, you will encounter the word leeftijd on official forms, such as those from the municipality (gemeente) or when applying for a driver's license, where they need to verify your date of birth and current age. Furthermore, the concept of age is deeply tied to various societal rules and cultural norms in the Netherlands. For instance, the legal drinking age, the voting age, and the retirement age are all frequent topics of discussion in Dutch news and politics, making leeftijd a high-frequency vocabulary item.

Zij heeft de leeftijd van achttien jaar bereikt en mag nu stemmen.

It is also important to note that the Dutch are generally quite direct, so discussing age is not considered as taboo as it might be in some other cultures, provided the context is appropriate. However, asking an older person their age out of the blue might still be met with a raised eyebrow, just as it would in English-speaking countries. To fully grasp the usage of this word, one must also look at how it combines with other words to form compound nouns or specific phrases.
Legal Age
The term wettelijke leeftijd refers to the age at which one is legally permitted to engage in certain activities, such as driving or voting.

Op welke leeftijd ben je begonnen met het leren van de Nederlandse taal?

The versatility of the word allows it to be used in abstract ways as well, such as describing the age of a building, a tree, or even an era, though other words like ouderdom or tijdperk might be preferred depending on the exact nuance required. When learning Dutch, you will quickly find that mastering the vocabulary surrounding time and life stages is essential for reaching fluency.
Retirement Age
The phrase pensioenleeftijd is constantly in the news as the government adjusts the age at which citizens can stop working and receive their state pension.

De gemiddelde leeftijd van de bevolking stijgt elk jaar door de betere gezondheidszorg.

In educational settings, teachers group students by age, and developmental psychologists study milestones based on specific ages. Thus, whether you are reading a scientific article, filling out a form for a new job, or simply chatting with a neighbor about their children, the word leeftijd is indispensable.
Old Age
While leeftijd means age in general, the specific concept of old age is often referred to as ouderdom, though op leeftijd is a polite way to say someone is elderly.

Mijn grootvader is al flink op leeftijd, maar hij is nog steeds erg actief.

Kinderen van die leeftijd hebben veel slaap en gezonde voeding nodig om goed te kunnen groeien.

The widespread applicability of this noun ensures that as you progress from beginner to advanced levels in Dutch, your understanding and usage of it will naturally deepen, allowing you to participate in complex discussions about society, biology, and human development.
Constructing sentences with the word leeftijd requires an understanding of Dutch prepositions and sentence structure. One of the most common ways to use this word is in combination with the preposition op, which translates to at in this context. For example, the phrase op jonge leeftijd means at a young age. This construction is incredibly versatile and can be modified with various adjectives to describe different stages of life, such as op latere leeftijd (at a later age) or op volwassen leeftijd (in adulthood). When you want to express that someone did something at a specific age, you would also use op, as in op de leeftijd van twintig jaar (at the age of twenty).

Mozart begon al op zeer jonge leeftijd met het componeren van klassieke muziekstukken.

Another crucial preposition to master is van, which is used to indicate possession or association. If you are talking about someone who is the same age as you, you would say iemand van mijn leeftijd (someone of my age).
Preposition Op
Use the preposition op when talking about an event happening at a certain age, equivalent to the English at.
It is also common to see leeftijd used as the subject of a sentence, particularly in formal or statistical contexts. For instance, De gemiddelde leeftijd is dertig jaar (The average age is thirty years). In these cases, the noun behaves just like any other de-word in Dutch, taking the definite article de and the indefinite article een.

De hond is op een leeftijd gekomen waarop hij niet meer zo ver kan wandelen.

When discussing legal or official limits, you will often encounter verbs like bereiken (to reach) combined with leeftijd. Hij heeft de pensioengerechtigde leeftijd bereikt translates to He has reached the pensionable age.
Preposition Van
Use van to describe characteristics belonging to an age group, such as 'mensen van alle leeftijden' meaning 'people of all ages'.

Het is belangrijk om te onthouden dat liefde geen leeftijd kent en iedereen kan overkomen.

Furthermore, you can use comparative adjectives to discuss age differences. Although you would typically say Hij is ouder dan ik (He is older than me), in formal writing you might see expressions like Er is een groot verschil in leeftijd (There is a large difference in age).
Plural Form
The plural form is leeftijden. It is entirely regular, formed by adding the suffix -en to the singular noun.

Voor deze specifieke film geldt een minimale leeftijd van zestien jaar vanwege het geweld.

Zij gedraagt zich absoluut niet naar haar leeftijd, ze is veel te kinderachtig voor een volwassene.

By paying close attention to these prepositions and collocations, you will be able to construct natural-sounding Dutch sentences that accurately convey nuanced information about time, maturity, and life stages. Practice these structures repeatedly, as they form the backbone of many everyday conversations and written texts in the Netherlands.
The word leeftijd is ubiquitous in the Dutch-speaking world, appearing in a vast array of contexts that range from the mundane to the highly official. One of the most common places you will encounter this word is on forms and applications. Whether you are registering at a new doctor's office, signing up for a gym membership, or applying for a bank account, there will almost always be a field asking for your leeftijd or geboortedatum (date of birth). In these administrative contexts, the word is used in its most literal and objective sense.

Vul alstublieft uw naam, adres en leeftijd in op het formulier voordat u het inlevert.

Beyond paperwork, you will frequently hear this word in the media, particularly during news broadcasts discussing demographics, economics, or public health. The Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Statistics Netherlands) regularly publishes reports on the vergrijzing (aging population), where terms like gemiddelde leeftijd (average age) and levensverwachting (life expectancy) are heavily featured.
News Media
News anchors frequently discuss the 'pensioenleeftijd' when talking about political debates regarding the economy and the workforce.
In the realm of entertainment, the word is also highly visible. Movie theaters, video games, and television programs in the Netherlands use the Kijkwijzer system, which provides age ratings to protect children from potentially harmful content. You will see icons indicating that a film is suitable for alle leeftijden (all ages) or restricted to viewers above a certain leeftijd.

Deze videogame heeft een aanbevolen leeftijd van achttien jaar en ouder vanwege het expliciete geweld.

Healthcare
Doctors and nurses use the word to discuss age-related diseases, developmental milestones in pediatrics, and general geriatric care.
Furthermore, in everyday social interactions, while asking someone's age directly might be phrased as Hoe oud ben je?, the word leeftijd is used to describe groups of people. For example, a parent might say they are looking for activities suitable for children of a certain leeftijd, or someone might mention that they prefer dating people of their own leeftijd.

Het is soms moeilijk om vrienden te maken met mensen die niet van jouw leeftijd zijn.

You will also hear it in idiomatic expressions or polite euphemisms. Describing an older person as op leeftijd is a respectful way of acknowledging their seniority without using the sometimes blunt word oud (old).
Job Market
In job postings, while age discrimination is illegal, you might see references to 'leeftijd' in the context of youth minimum wage (jeugdloon) which is legal in the Netherlands.

Discriminatie op basis van leeftijd is streng verboden op de Nederlandse arbeidsmarkt en kan leiden tot boetes.

De leraar verdeelde de leerlingen in verschillende groepen op basis van hun leeftijd en vaardigheidsniveau.

In summary, the word is deeply embedded in the fabric of Dutch society, serving as a critical metric for legal rights, social organization, and personal identification. Whether you are navigating the bureaucracy of a new country, tuning into the evening news, or simply trying to understand the rating on a television show, recognizing and understanding the word leeftijd is an absolute necessity.
When English speakers learn the Dutch word leeftijd, they often make a series of predictable errors that stem from direct translation and a misunderstanding of Dutch conversational norms. The most glaring and frequent mistake is translating the English question What is your age? literally into Dutch as Wat is jouw leeftijd?. While this sentence is grammatically flawless and will certainly be understood by any native speaker, it sounds incredibly formal, stiff, and unnatural in a casual conversation. It sounds as though a police officer or a government official is interrogating you.

Fout: Wat is jouw leeftijd? Goed: Hoe oud ben je?

Instead, the natural, idiomatic way to ask someone their age in Dutch is Hoe oud ben je? (How old are you?). Another common error involves the preposition used when talking about doing something at a certain age. In English, we say at the age of twenty. Direct translators might try to use the Dutch prepositions bij or aan, resulting in incorrect phrases like bij de leeftijd van twintig.
Preposition Error
Never use 'bij' or 'aan' to translate 'at the age of'. Always use the preposition 'op', as in 'op de leeftijd van'.
Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse leeftijd with words that denote historical eras or periods of time. For example, the English word age can mean a historical period, such as the Stone Age or the Bronze Age. If you try to translate Stone Age using leeftijd (e.g., Stenen Leeftijd), native speakers will be confused.

Fout: We bestuderen de Stenen leeftijd. Goed: We bestuderen het Stenen Tijdperk.

The correct Dutch word for a historical age or era is tijdperk or eeuw (century, used in phrases like Gouden Eeuw for Golden Age). Leeftijd is strictly reserved for the duration of a living being's life or the existence of a specific entity.
Semantic Confusion
Do not use leeftijd to mean a long time. In English, you say 'I haven't seen you in ages'. In Dutch, you cannot say 'Ik heb je in leeftijden niet gezien'. You must say 'Ik heb je in geen eeuwen gezien' or 'Ik heb je lang niet gezien'.

Mensen maken vaak de fout om het woord leeftijd te gebruiken wanneer ze eigenlijk tijdperk bedoelen.

Another subtle mistake involves the plural form. Since leeftijd ends in -tijd, learners sometimes overthink the pluralization, perhaps expecting an irregular form. However, it follows the standard rule for nouns ending in a consonant, taking the -en suffix to become leeftijden.
Pronunciation Error
English speakers often mispronounce the 'ee' sound. It should be a long, pure vowel, not a diphthong like the English 'ay' in 'day'.

Zorg ervoor dat je de juiste voorzetsels gebruikt wanneer je over je leeftijd praat in het Nederlands.

Het is een veelgemaakte fout om te denken dat leeftijd een 'het'-woord is, maar het is echt 'de leeftijd'.

By being aware of these common pitfalls—avoiding literal translations of conversational questions, mastering the prepositions op and van, and understanding the semantic boundaries of the word compared to historical eras—learners can significantly improve the naturalness and accuracy of their spoken and written Dutch.
While leeftijd is the most direct and common translation for the English word age, the Dutch language possesses a rich vocabulary of synonyms, related terms, and alternatives that can be used depending on the specific nuance, register, or context of the conversation. Understanding these alternatives will greatly enrich your vocabulary and allow you to express yourself more precisely. One of the closest related concepts is ouderdom. While leeftijd is a neutral measurement of time lived, ouderdom specifically refers to old age or the state of being old.

Hoewel ze dezelfde leeftijd hebben, vertoont hij veel meer tekenen van ouderdom.

You would use ouderdom when discussing the physical or mental decline associated with aging, or the general phase of life that comes after adulthood. For example, sterven van ouderdom means to die of old age. Another alternative, particularly in poetic, literary, or highly formal contexts, is the word levensjaren (years of life).
Ouderdom vs Leeftijd
Leeftijd is neutral (e.g., the age of a baby is 1). Ouderdom specifically implies advanced age or the condition of being elderly.
When discussing historical periods, as mentioned in the common mistakes section, you must abandon leeftijd entirely and use words like tijdperk, era, or eeuw. For example, the Victorian Age is het Victoriaanse tijdperk.

De Gouden Eeuw is een belangrijk tijdperk in de Nederlandse geschiedenis, niet een leeftijd.

If you are talking about the stages of life, Dutch has specific words that function as alternatives to using leeftijd to describe a period. Jeugd refers to youth, volwassenheid refers to adulthood, and puberteit refers to adolescence.
Levensfase
The word levensfase translates to 'phase of life' and is an excellent academic or psychological alternative to discussing different age groups.

In elke levensfase, ongeacht je leeftijd, zijn er nieuwe uitdagingen en kansen om te leren.

Furthermore, when asking about someone's age, the adjective oud (old) acts as the functional alternative to the noun in conversation (Hoe oud ben je?). It is fascinating how the language structures these concepts.
Jaren
Sometimes, simply using 'jaren' (years) is the best alternative. For instance, 'iemand van mijn jaren' means someone of my years/age.

Hij heeft de respectabele leeftijd van negentig jaar bereikt in relatief goede gezondheid.

In plaats van te vragen naar haar leeftijd, vroeg hij subtiel in welk jaar ze was afgestudeerd.

By mastering not just the word leeftijd itself, but also its surrounding semantic network of synonyms and related concepts like ouderdom, tijdperk, levensfase, and the adjective oud, you will be equipped to navigate any conversation regarding time, history, and human development with the nuance and precision of a native Dutch speaker.
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수준별 예문

1

Wat is jouw leeftijd?

What is your age? (Formal)

Used mostly on forms or in formal situations.

2

Mijn leeftijd is twintig jaar.

My age is twenty years.

Basic subject-verb-object structure.

3

Vul hier je naam en leeftijd in.

Fill in your name and age here.

Imperative form of 'invullen'.

4

De leeftijd van de baby is één jaar.

The age of the baby is one year.

Using 'van' to show possession.

5

Zij hebben dezelfde leeftijd.

They have the same age.

'Dezelfde' means the same.

6

Ik weet zijn leeftijd niet.

I do not know his age.

Negation with 'niet' placed at the end.

7

Wat is de leeftijd van jouw hond?

What is the age of your dog?

Asking a question about an animal's age.

8

De leeftijd staat op het papier.

The age is on the paper.

Using the verb 'staan' for written text.

1

Op welke leeftijd ga je naar school?

At what age do you go to school?

Introduction of the preposition 'op'.

2

Mensen van alle leeftijden zijn welkom.

People of all ages are welcome.

Plural form 'leeftijden'.

3

Hij is op een leeftijd dat hij alles wil ontdekken.

He is at an age that he wants to discover everything.

Relative clause starting with 'dat'.

4

We zoeken iemand van jouw leeftijd.

We are looking for someone of your age.

Using 'van' to describe a characteristic.

5

De gemiddelde leeftijd in deze klas is tien jaar.

The average age in this class is ten years.

Adjective 'gemiddelde' modifying the noun.

6

Mijn oma is al op leeftijd.

My grandma is already elderly (at age).

Idiomatic expression 'op leeftijd'.

7

Vanaf welke leeftijd mag je autorijden?

From what age are you allowed to drive a car?

Preposition 'vanaf' indicating a starting point.

8

Het verschil in leeftijd is vijf jaar.

The difference in age is five years.

Noun phrase 'verschil in'.

1

De wettelijke leeftijd om alcohol te kopen is achttien jaar.

The legal age to buy alcohol is eighteen years.

Infinitive clause 'om ... te kopen'.

2

Zij bereikte gisteren de pensioengerechtigde leeftijd.

She reached the pensionable age yesterday.

Simple past tense 'bereikte'.

3

Je moet je leeftijd kunnen aantonen met een identiteitsbewijs.

You must be able to prove your age with an ID.

Modal verbs 'moet' and 'kunnen'.

4

Op die leeftijd maken kinderen een enorme ontwikkeling door.

At that age, children go through an enormous development.

Separable verb 'doormaken'.

5

Discriminatie op basis van leeftijd is strafbaar.

Discrimination based on age is punishable by law.

Formal prepositional phrase 'op basis van'.

6

De app is niet geschikt voor gebruikers onder een bepaalde leeftijd.

The app is not suitable for users under a certain age.

Adjective 'geschikt' with preposition 'voor'.

7

Ondanks zijn hoge leeftijd, sport hij nog elke dag.

Despite his high age, he still exercises every day.

Conjunction 'ondanks' followed by inversion.

8

De film heeft een kijkwijzer voor de leeftijd van zestien jaar.

The movie has an age rating for the age of sixteen.

Cultural reference to 'kijkwijzer'.

1

De vergrijzing leidt tot een stijging van de gemiddelde leeftijd.

The aging population leads to an increase in the average age.

Formal academic vocabulary and structure.

2

Binnen deze leeftijdscategorie zien we een toename van mentale klachten.

Within this age bracket, we see an increase in mental health complaints.

Compound noun 'leeftijdscategorie'.

3

Het beleid is erop gericht om mensen van alle leeftijden te betrekken.

The policy is aimed at involving people of all ages.

Pronominal adverb 'erop'.

4

Zij is van mening dat wijsheid niet noodzakelijk met de leeftijd komt.

She is of the opinion that wisdom does not necessarily come with age.

Abstract philosophical statement.

5

De leeftijdsgrens voor deze functie is onlangs afgeschaft.

The age limit for this position was recently abolished.

Passive voice 'is afgeschaft'.

6

Naarmate de leeftijd vordert, verandert de behoefte aan slaap.

As age progresses, the need for sleep changes.

Subordinating conjunction 'naarmate'.

7

Het onderzoek verdeelde de participanten in drie specifieke leeftijdsgroepen.

The study divided the participants into three specific age groups.

Scientific research terminology.

8

Er heerst een taboe op het vragen naar de leeftijd van vrouwen in bepaalde culturen.

There is a taboo on asking about the age of women in certain cultures.

Impersonal construction 'Er heerst'.

1

De demografische transitie heeft de leeftijdsopbouw van de bevolking drastisch veranderd.

The demographic transition has drastically changed the age structure of the population.

Advanced demographic terminology.

2

Leeftijdsgebonden maculadegeneratie is een veelvoorkomende oogaandoening bij ouderen.

Age-related macular degeneration is a common eye condition among the elderly.

Medical compound adjective 'leeftijdsgebonden'.

3

Het is een misvatting te veronderstellen dat cognitieve achteruitgang onvermijdelijk is op hoge leeftijd.

It is a misconception to assume that cognitive decline is inevitable at a high age.

Complex sentence with multiple clauses.

4

De wetgever heeft getracht leeftijdsdiscriminatie op de arbeidsmarkt middels strenge sancties in te dammen.

The legislator has attempted to curb age discrimination in the labor market through strict sanctions.

Formal legal register and vocabulary.

5

Zijn oeuvre getuigt van een rijpheid die zijn feitelijke leeftijd ver overstijgt.

His body of work testifies to a maturity that far exceeds his actual age.

Literary and artistic critique style.

6

In de sociologie bestudeert men hoe leeftijdscohorten reageren op macro-economische schokken.

In sociology, one studies how age cohorts react to macroeconomic shocks.

Academic sociological jargon.

7

De pensioendiscussie legt de intergenerationele spanningen rondom leeftijd genadeloos bloot.

The pension debate mercilessly exposes the intergenerational tensions surrounding age.

Metaphorical use of 'blootleggen'.

8

Men dient de variabele 'leeftijd' te controleren om zuivere statistische resultaten te verkrijgen.

One must control the variable 'age' to obtain pure statistical results.

Methodological research language.

1

De notie van een chronologische leeftijd vervaagt in het licht van epigenetische ontdekkingen.

The notion of a chronological age blurs in light of epigenetic discoveries.

Highly advanced scientific and philosophical phrasing.

2

Zij betoogde met verve dat de fixatie op leeftijd een construct is van de moderniteit.

She argued with conviction that the fixation on age is a construct of modernity.

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