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A2 adjective #4,500 most common 8 min read

alérgico

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips alérgico in 30 Seconds
Explanation alérgico in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary. 'Alérgico' might be introduced in very simple contexts, like identifying common physical states or needs. For example, a child might learn to say 'Não gosto de...' (I don't like...) or associate simple words with feelings. The concept of an allergy is likely too complex for explicit A1 teaching, but the word itself might appear in basic sentence structures related to personal well-being if the learner is exposed to it.
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At the A2 level, learners can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g., very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). They can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. 'Alérgico' fits well here as learners start talking about personal health and well-being. They can form simple sentences like 'Sou alérgico a...' (I am allergic to...) and understand basic questions about allergies.
At the B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. 'Alérgico' is used more extensively here to discuss health conditions in more detail, understand medical advice, and communicate specific dietary needs or reactions.
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At the B2 level, learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. 'Alérgico' might be used in discussions about public health, nutrition, or more nuanced medical conditions, requiring a deeper understanding of the implications and related terminology.
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At the C1 level, learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. 'Alérgico' could appear in more complex discussions, perhaps in scientific articles about immunology, in detailed patient case studies, or in literary contexts where a character's allergy plays a significant role. The nuance of different types of allergic reactions might be explored.
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At the C2 level, learners can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves with extreme fluency and precision, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations. 'Alérgico' might be used in highly specialized medical or scientific discourse, or in sophisticated literary analysis where the psychological or symbolic impact of an allergy is examined.
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Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

alérgico in 30 Seconds

  • Alérgico means allergic.
  • Used for people or animals with allergies.
  • Body reacts badly to certain things.
  • Commonly used with foods, pollen, or dust.
Core Meaning
The word 'alérgico' in Portuguese directly translates to 'allergic' in English. It is used to describe a person or animal that has an allergy, which is a condition where the immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance. This overreaction can cause a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to severe health issues.
Common Triggers
People commonly use 'alérgico' when discussing reactions to things like certain foods (peanuts, shellfish, dairy), environmental factors (pollen, dust mites, pet dander), insect stings, or even certain medications. It's a crucial word for communicating health needs and potential dangers.
When to Use It
You will hear and use 'alérgico' in various contexts. When someone is asking about ingredients in food, preparing a meal for others, visiting a doctor, or discussing seasonal discomforts like hay fever, this word is essential. It's a fundamental term for ensuring safety and understanding health conditions.
Grammatical Note
As an adjective, 'alérgico' needs to agree in gender and number with the noun it describes. So, 'alérgico' (masculine singular), 'alérgica' (feminine singular), 'alérgicos' (masculine plural), and 'alérgicas' (feminine plural) are all forms you might encounter.
Beyond Humans
It's not just people who can be allergic; animals can be too. Vets and pet owners frequently use this term when discussing the health of their pets. For instance, a dog might be 'alérgico a pulgas' (allergic to fleas).

Eu sou alérgico a gatos, então não posso visitar amigos que têm muitos animais de estimação.

Basic Structure
The most common way to use 'alérgico' is with the verb 'ser' (to be). The structure is typically 'Subject + ser + alérgico/a/os/as + a + allergen'. For example, 'Eu sou alérgico a camarão' (I am allergic to shrimp).
Describing Symptoms
When someone is allergic, they often experience symptoms. You can connect the state of being allergic to the symptoms. For instance, 'Ele está alérgico ao pólen e tem espirros constantes' (He is allergic to pollen and has constant sneezes).
Inquiring About Allergies
When asking about someone's allergies, you can use phrases like 'Você é alérgico a alguma coisa?' (Are you allergic to anything?). This is common when offering food or in medical settings.
Expressing Avoidance
Knowing someone is allergic helps in making decisions. 'Como a Maria é alérgica a nozes, não podemos fazer bolo de nozes para a festa dela' (Since Maria is allergic to nuts, we cannot make nut cake for her party).
Past and Future
You can also talk about past or future situations. 'No ano passado, ele descobriu que era alérgico a abelhas' (Last year, he discovered he was allergic to bees). 'Se você for alérgico a frutos do mar, evite este restaurante' (If you are allergic to seafood, avoid this restaurant).

A criança não pode comer o doce porque é alérgica a corantes alimentares.

Doctor's Office
This is perhaps the most common place you'll hear 'alérgico'. Doctors, nurses, and allergists use it constantly when asking about patient history, diagnosing conditions, and advising on treatment. 'Você tem alguma coisa a que seja alérgico?' (Are you allergic to anything?) is a standard question.
Restaurants and Cafes
When ordering food, especially in countries with a strong awareness of food allergies, servers and chefs will often ask if you are 'alérgico a algum ingrediente' (allergic to any ingredient). It's a vital part of ensuring customer safety.
Schools and Daycares
In environments with children, like schools or daycare centers, staff need to be aware of any allergies. Parents will inform teachers that their child is 'alérgico a amendoins' (allergic to peanuts) or 'alérgico a leite' (allergic to milk) to prevent accidental exposure.
Supermarkets
While not spoken directly, you'll see it on packaging. Labels often state 'pode conter vestígios de' (may contain traces of) and sometimes directly warn if a product is 'não recomendado para alérgicos a...' (not recommended for those allergic to...).
Conversations Among Friends and Family
In everyday life, people discuss allergies frequently. 'Meu irmão é alérgico a poeira e vive com o nariz entupido' (My brother is allergic to dust and lives with a stuffy nose). Or, 'Você sabia que ela é alérgica a frutos do mar?' (Did you know she is allergic to seafood?).

Na consulta, o médico perguntou se eu era alérgico a alguma medicação.

Gender and Number Agreement
A frequent error is not matching the adjective 'alérgico' to the gender and number of the subject. For example, saying 'Eu é alérgico' instead of 'Eu sou alérgico' (if male) or 'Eu sou alérgica' (if female). Or, saying 'Eles é alérgicos' instead of 'Eles são alérgicos'.
Incorrect Preposition
While 'a' is the standard preposition, learners might incorrectly use 'de' or 'para'. For example, saying 'alérgico de pólen' or 'alérgico para gatos'. The correct form is always 'alérgico a...'.
Confusing with 'Doente' (Sick)
Sometimes, people might use 'alérgico' when they simply mean 'doente' (sick) or 'mal' (unwell). While an allergy can make someone sick, 'alérgico' specifically refers to the immune system's reaction to a particular substance, not just general illness.
Omitting the Verb 'Ser'
In very basic sentences, learners might omit the verb 'ser'. For instance, saying 'Ele alérgico a peixe' instead of 'Ele é alérgico a peixe'. The verb 'ser' is essential here to state the condition.
Misplacing the Adjective
While less common with 'alérgico' than some other adjectives, it's important to remember it usually follows the noun it modifies or is used with the verb 'ser'. Placing it incorrectly before a noun without 'ser' can sound unnatural or be grammatically incorrect.

Incorrecto: A minha irmã é alérgico a frutos do mar. Correto: A minha irmã é alérgica a frutos do mar.

'Sensível' (Sensitive)
'Sensível' means sensitive. While an allergy is a form of sensitivity, 'sensível' is broader. You can be sensitive to criticism ('sensível a críticas') or sensitive to cold ('sensível ao frio') without having a full-blown allergy. 'Alérgico' implies a specific immune response.
'Intolerante' (Intolerant)
'Intolerante' is used for conditions like lactose intolerance ('intolerante à lactose') or gluten intolerance ('intolerante ao glúten'). While often confused with allergies, intolerances typically involve the digestive system and are not immune responses. Someone might be 'alérgico a leite' (allergic to milk) and experience anaphylaxis, whereas someone 'intolerante à lactose' experiences digestive issues.
'Reação' (Reaction)
'Reação' means reaction. You can have an allergic reaction ('reação alérgica'). However, 'reação' is a general term for any response. You can have a strong reaction ('reação forte') to a movie, for example. 'Alérgico' specifically points to the cause of the reaction being an allergy.
'Doente' (Sick/Ill)
'Doente' is the general word for being sick or ill. Someone who is allergic might become 'doente' because of their allergy, but 'doente' doesn't explain why they are sick. For example, 'Ele está doente porque é alérgico a pólen' (He is sick because he is allergic to pollen). 'Alérgico' provides the specific reason.
'Hipersensível' (Hypersensitive)
'Hipersensível' is a more technical term that directly relates to allergies. It means hypersensitive. While 'alérgico' is the common, everyday word, 'hipersensível' might be used in medical contexts. They are very close in meaning when discussing immune responses.

Não é que eu seja alérgico, mas este perfume me deixa um pouco sensível.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The term 'allergy' itself was created to describe a phenomenon where the body's response to a substance was not the expected one, but rather a 'different' or 'other' reaction. This highlights how the word 'alérgico' captures the idea of an unusual, altered response.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /alˈɛʁʒiku/
US /alˈɛɾʒiku/
The stress falls on the second syllable: a-LÉR-gi-co.
Rhymes With
mágico lógico trágico relógico analogico alegórico alquímico astrológico
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing the 'r' sound too softly or like an English 'r'.
  • Not stressing the correct syllable.
  • Confusing the 'é' sound with a regular 'e'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

At the A2 CEFR level, 'alérgico' is a common and essential word for understanding basic health-related texts, ingredient lists, and simple informational materials. Learners should be able to comprehend its meaning and usage in straightforward contexts without significant difficulty.

Writing 2/5
Speaking 2/5
Listening 2/5

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

ser ter a gato cão comida leite doce médico

Learn Next

alergia alérgeno hipersensível reação sintoma antihistamínico

Advanced

anafilaxia imunologia dermatite atópica rinite alérgica intolerância alimentar

Grammar to Know

Agreement of Adjectives

The adjective 'alérgico' must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. For example: 'O homem é alérgico' (The man is allergic), 'A mulher é alérgica' (The woman is allergic), 'Os homens são alérgicos' (The men are allergic), 'As mulheres são alérgicas' (The women are allergic).

Preposition 'a' after 'alérgico'

The preposition 'a' is almost always used after 'alérgico' to specify what the person is allergic to. Ex: 'alérgico a pólen', 'alérgico a camarão', 'alérgico a medicamentos'.

Verb 'Ser' with Adjectives

The verb 'ser' (to be) is commonly used to describe a permanent or inherent state, such as an allergy. Ex: 'Eu sou alérgico' (I am allergic), 'Ela é alérgica' (She is allergic).

Verb 'Estar' for temporary conditions

While 'ser' is used for the state of being allergic, 'estar' can be used to describe a temporary reaction or state caused by the allergy. Ex: 'Ele está doente porque está alérgico a algo.' (He is sick because he is allergic to something - the state of being sick is temporary, but the allergy itself is a more permanent state).

Using 'Que' to introduce clauses about allergies

Sometimes, a clause introduced by 'que' can describe the nature of the allergy or the reaction. Ex: 'Ele tem uma reação que o deixa sem ar.' (He has a reaction that leaves him breathless.)

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Examples by Level

1

Eu não como isto.

I don't eat this.

Simple negation and verb usage.

2

Tenho dor.

I have pain.

Basic noun and verb.

3

Não gosto de peixe.

I don't like fish.

Negation with 'gostar de'.

4

Preciso de água.

I need water.

Verb 'precisar de'.

5

Estou cansado.

I am tired.

Verb 'estar' with adjective.

6

Quero isto.

I want this.

Verb 'querer'.

7

Comida boa.

Good food.

Adjective modifying noun.

8

Não posso.

I can't.

Modal verb 'poder' in negative.

1

Eu sou alérgico a gatos.

I am allergic to cats.

Use of 'ser' + 'alérgico a'.

2

Ela é alérgica a poeira.

She is allergic to dust.

Feminine form 'alérgica'.

3

Você é alérgico a alguma coisa?

Are you allergic to anything?

Question form with 'ser'.

4

Não posso comer amendoins.

I cannot eat peanuts.

Modal verb 'poder' + infinitive.

5

Ele tem uma reação alérgica.

He has an allergic reaction.

Noun phrase 'reação alérgica'.

6

O meu filho é alérgico a leite.

My son is allergic to milk.

Possessive pronoun + 'ser' + 'alérgico a'.

7

Eles são alérgicos a picadas de abelha.

They are allergic to bee stings.

Plural form 'alérgicos'.

8

Preciso de um médico porque sou alérgico.

I need a doctor because I am allergic.

Connecting clauses with 'porque'.

1

Descobri que sou alérgico a frutos do mar depois de comer num restaurante.

I discovered I am allergic to seafood after eating at a restaurant.

Past tense verb 'descobrir' + 'que'.

2

É importante avisar o pessoal se você for alérgico a algum ingrediente.

It is important to inform the staff if you are allergic to any ingredient.

Impersonal 'é importante' + subjunctive.

3

Ele tem que ter muito cuidado porque é severamente alérgico a nozes.

He has to be very careful because he is severely allergic to nuts.

Adverb 'severamente' modifying 'alérgico'.

4

As crianças alérgicas à relva têm dificuldade em brincar no parque durante a primavera.

Children allergic to grass have difficulty playing in the park during spring.

Adjective clause modifying 'crianças'.

5

O médico receitou um anti-histamínico para a minha rinite alérgica.

The doctor prescribed an antihistamine for my allergic rhinitis.

Noun phrase 'rinite alérgica'.

6

Se alguém for alérgico a venenos, deve evitar este tipo de inseto.

If someone is allergic to poisons, they should avoid this type of insect.

Conditional sentence with 'se'.

7

A minha pele fica vermelha quando uso este creme, acho que sou alérgica a um componente.

My skin turns red when I use this cream, I think I am allergic to a component.

Cause and effect with 'quando'.

8

É comum as pessoas serem alérgicas a ácaros, especialmente em ambientes com muita poeira.

It is common for people to be allergic to dust mites, especially in dusty environments.

Impersonal statement + infinitive.

1

A prevalência de indivíduos alérgicos a certos alimentos tem aumentado significativamente nas últimas décadas.

The prevalence of individuals allergic to certain foods has increased significantly in recent decades.

More formal vocabulary ('prevalência', 'indivíduos').

2

O diagnóstico de uma alergia alimentar requer uma avaliação médica cuidadosa, pois os sintomas podem ser confundidos com outras condições.

The diagnosis of a food allergy requires careful medical evaluation, as symptoms can be confused with other conditions.

Complex sentence structure and vocabulary ('diagnóstico', 'avaliação').

3

É fundamental que os pais estejam cientes de quaisquer substâncias às quais seus filhos possam ser alérgicos.

It is fundamental that parents are aware of any substances to which their children may be allergic.

Subjunctive mood ('estejam cientes').

4

A exposição precoce a um ambiente rico em micro-organismos pode, paradoxalmente, reduzir o risco de desenvolver alergias mais tarde na vida.

Early exposure to a microorganism-rich environment can, paradoxically, reduce the risk of developing allergies later in life.

Advanced vocabulary ('prevalência', 'paradoxalmente').

5

Os sintomas de uma reação alérgica grave, como a anafilaxia, podem progredir rapidamente e exigir intervenção médica imediata.

The symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, can progress rapidly and require immediate medical intervention.

Technical terms ('anafilaxia', 'intervenção').

6

A dermatite de contato é uma reação inflamatória da pele causada pelo contato com uma substância à qual a pessoa é alérgica.

Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin reaction caused by contact with a substance to which the person is allergic.

Specific medical term ('dermatite de contato').

7

Embora não haja cura para a maioria das alergias, o manejo eficaz dos sintomas pode melhorar significativamente a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos alérgicos.

Although there is no cure for most allergies, effective symptom management can significantly improve the quality of life for allergic individuals.

Complex sentence structure and vocabulary.

8

O aconselhamento genético pode ser útil para famílias com histórico de doenças alérgicas.

Genetic counseling can be helpful for families with a history of allergic diseases.

Specialized term ('aconselhamento genético').

1

A complexidade da resposta imune em indivíduos alérgicos tem sido objeto de extensos estudos imunológicos.

The complexity of the immune response in allergic individuals has been the subject of extensive immunological studies.

Highly specialized vocabulary ('resposta imune', 'imunológicos').

2

A hipersensibilidade a determinados alérgenos ambientais pode manifestar-se de formas variadas, desde sintomas respiratórios até reações cutâneas graves.

Hypersensitivity to certain environmental allergens can manifest in various ways, from respiratory symptoms to severe skin reactions.

Precise terminology ('hipersensibilidade', 'alérgenos ambientais').

3

O desenvolvimento de terapias de dessensibilização visa modificar a resposta do sistema imune, tornando o paciente menos alérgico aos gatilhos.

The development of desensitization therapies aims to modify the immune system's response, making the patient less allergic to the triggers.

Specific medical treatment ('terapias de dessensibilização').

4

A comorbidade entre asma e rinite alérgica é uma constatação frequente na prática clínica, sugerindo mecanismos patogênicos interligados.

The comorbidity between asthma and allergic rhinitis is a frequent finding in clinical practice, suggesting interconnected pathogenic mechanisms.

Advanced medical terms ('comorbidade', 'patogênicos').

5

A investigação sobre os determinantes genéticos e ambientais que predispõem um indivíduo a tornar-se alérgico é um campo de pesquisa em constante expansão.

Research into the genetic and environmental determinants that predispose an individual to becoming allergic is a constantly expanding field of study.

Abstract concepts and research focus ('determinantes genéticos', 'predispõem').

6

A educação do paciente alérgico é crucial para a autogestão da condição e a prevenção de episódios agudos.

Education of the allergic patient is crucial for self-management of the condition and prevention of acute episodes.

Emphasis on patient agency ('autogestão').

7

A reatividade cruzada entre diferentes alérgenos pode complicar o quadro clínico de pacientes polialérgicos.

Cross-reactivity between different allergens can complicate the clinical picture of polyallergic patients.

Specialized terms ('reatividade cruzada', 'polialérgicos').

8

O impacto psicossocial de ter uma alergia grave pode ser substancial, afetando a autonomia e as interações sociais do indivíduo.

The psychosocial impact of having a severe allergy can be substantial, affecting the individual's autonomy and social interactions.

Focus on psychological and social aspects ('psicossocial', 'autonomia').

1

A etiopatogenia das doenças alérgicas envolve uma intrincada interação entre predisposição genética e fatores ambientais desencadeantes.

The etiopathogenesis of allergic diseases involves an intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and triggering environmental factors.

Highly technical and precise medical terminology ('etiopatogenia', 'intrincada interação').

2

A modulação da resposta Th2 por citocinas específicas é um alvo terapêutico primordial no tratamento de condições alérgicas crônicas.

The modulation of the Th2 response by specific cytokines is a primary therapeutic target in the treatment of chronic allergic conditions.

Advanced immunology terms ('modulação', 'citocinas', 'Th2').

3

A compreensão aprofundada dos mecanismos de tolerância imunológica é crucial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias eficazes para reverter o estado alérgico.

A deep understanding of the mechanisms of immunological tolerance is crucial for developing effective strategies to reverse the allergic state.

Focus on conceptual understanding and research goals ('tolerância imunológica', 'reverter o estado alérgico').

4

A epigenética desempenha um papel significativo na plasticidade fenotípica de indivíduos suscetíveis a tornarem-se alérgicos, mediando a expressão gênica em resposta a estímulos ambientais.

Epigenetics plays a significant role in the phenotypic plasticity of individuals susceptible to becoming allergic, mediating gene expression in response to environmental stimuli.

Cutting-edge scientific concepts ('epigenética', 'plasticidade fenotípica').

5

A análise filogenética de alérgenos proteicos pode elucidar as relações evolutivas e as bases moleculares da reatividade cruzada.

Phylogenetic analysis of protein allergens can elucidate the evolutionary relationships and molecular bases of cross-reactivity.

Interdisciplinary scientific terms ('filogenética', 'elucidar').

6

O espectro de manifestações clínicas em pacientes com dermatite atópica, uma condição alérgica complexa, abrange desde lesões cutâneas leves até quadros sistêmicos graves.

The spectrum of clinical manifestations in patients with atopic dermatitis, a complex allergic condition, ranges from mild skin lesions to severe systemic conditions.

Precise clinical descriptions ('espectro de manifestações clínicas', 'quadros sistêmicos').

7

A desregulação da barreira epitelial intestinal é um fator contribuinte para a absorção de antígenos alimentares, potencialmente induzindo respostas alérgicas em indivíduos predispostos.

Dysregulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier is a contributing factor to the absorption of food antigens, potentially inducing allergic responses in predisposed individuals.

Detailed physiological and immunological processes ('desregulação da barreira epitelial', 'antígenos alimentares').

8

O desenvolvimento de biomarcadores preditivos para a identificação de indivíduos com maior risco de desenvolver reações alérgicas graves é uma área de pesquisa de alta prioridade.

The development of predictive biomarkers for identifying individuals at higher risk of developing severe allergic reactions is a high-priority research area.

Focus on future research and diagnostic tools ('biomarcadores preditivos', 'alta prioridade').

Common Collocations

alérgico a
reação alérgica
alergia alimentar
alergia sazonal
ser alérgico
alérgico a pólen
alérgico a medicamentos
alérgico a picadas
diagnosticado como alérgico
viver sendo alérgico

Common Phrases

Sou alérgico a...

— This is the most direct way to state you have an allergy. It's essential for communicating dietary needs or potential dangers.

Sou alérgico a amendoins, por favor, verifique os ingredientes.

Você é alérgico a alguma coisa?

— This question is commonly asked in situations where exposure to allergens is possible, such as when ordering food or when someone is offering you something.

O garçom perguntou: 'Você é alérgico a alguma coisa?'

É alérgico a...

— Used to describe someone else's allergy. This is important for warning others or explaining someone's condition.

Meu irmão é alérgico a gatos, então não podemos trazê-lo para cá.

Reação alérgica

— This phrase refers to the symptoms or physical response that occurs when someone is exposed to an allergen.

Se ele tiver uma reação alérgica, ligue para a emergência imediatamente.

Não sou alérgico a isso.

— This phrase is used to confirm that you do not have an allergy to a specific substance or item.

Pode me dar este pão, por favor? Não sou alérgico a ele.

Tenho alergia a...

— This is another common way to express having an allergy, very similar to 'Sou alérgico a...'.

Tenho alergia a pólen e sofro muito na primavera.

Cuidado com quem é alérgico a...

— This is a warning phrase used to remind people to be cautious around someone with a known allergy.

Cuidado com quem é alérgico a nozes, esta sobremesa contém nozes.

Ele/Ela é alérgico/a a...

— A straightforward way to state that another person has an allergy.

Ele é alérgico a picadas de abelha e precisa carregar um epipen.

Qualquer coisa a que seja alérgico

— This phrase is used when inquiring about any and all allergies a person might have.

Por favor, informe-nos sobre qualquer coisa a que seja alérgico para prepararmos sua refeição.

Problemas alérgicos

— This phrase refers to general health issues or symptoms caused by allergies.

Muitas pessoas sofrem de problemas alérgicos durante a mudança de estação.

Often Confused With

alérgico vs Sensível

'Sensível' (sensitive) is broader. You can be sensitive to cold or criticism without being allergic. 'Alérgico' specifically implies an immune system overreaction to a substance.

alérgico vs Intolerante

'Intolerante' usually refers to digestive issues (like lactose intolerance) rather than an immune response. While both cause adverse reactions, the underlying mechanism is different.

alérgico vs Doente

'Doente' (sick) is a general term for illness. An allergy can make someone sick, but 'alérgico' explains the specific cause of the sickness related to a substance.

Idioms & Expressions

"Ter alergia a alguma coisa"

— This is a very common and direct way to express having an allergy. It's not strictly an idiom, but a standard phrase used in everyday conversation.

Tenho alergia a gatos e fico a espirrar sempre que vejo um.

"Ser um gatilho alérgico"

— While not a direct idiom for 'alérgico', this describes something that causes an allergic reaction. The word 'gatilho' (trigger) is key here.

O cheiro forte deste perfume é um gatilho alérgico para mim.

"Ter uma reação forte a algo"

— This phrase can be used to describe a strong adverse reaction, which might be allergic or simply a strong dislike or intolerance.

Ele teve uma reação forte a este novo medicamento, talvez seja alérgico.

"Não poder nem ver algo"

— In an informal context, this can imply a very strong aversion or sensitivity, sometimes bordering on an allergy. It's an exaggeration.

Eu não posso nem ver camarão, fico logo com comichão.

"Ser sensível a"

— This is a broader term that can encompass allergies but also other forms of sensitivity. It's less specific than 'alérgico'.

Sou sensível a mudanças de temperatura e fico constipado facilmente.

"Ter o sistema em alerta"

— This phrase describes a body that is constantly on guard, which is characteristic of someone with allergies who is always reacting to potential allergens.

Com tantas alergias, o meu sistema está sempre em alerta.

"Ficar com a pele a arder"

— This describes a specific symptom of an allergic reaction, particularly skin-related ones like eczema or hives.

Depois de tocar na planta, a minha pele ficou a arder.

"O nariz não para de pingar"

— A common symptom of allergies, especially hay fever. This phrase vividly describes the runny nose.

É a primavera e o meu nariz não para de pingar por causa do pólen.

"Ter comichão por todo o lado"

— This describes the itching sensation that is a hallmark of many allergic reactions, such as hives or insect bites.

Comi algo que não devia e agora tenho comichão por todo o lado.

"Ter dificuldade em respirar"

— A serious symptom of some allergic reactions, like anaphylaxis or severe asthma triggered by an allergen.

Ele teve uma reação tão forte que teve dificuldade em respirar e precisou de ir ao hospital.

Easily Confused

alérgico vs Sensível

Both words describe a negative reaction to something.

'Alérgico' refers to a specific immune system response to a substance (allergen), often with potential for severe reactions. 'Sensível' is more general and can mean easily affected, delicate, or having a mild reaction without necessarily involving the immune system in the same way.

Sou alérgico a gatos (I am allergic to cats, meaning I sneeze and itch due to an immune response). Sou sensível a mudanças de temperatura (I am sensitive to temperature changes, meaning I might catch a cold easily or feel uncomfortable).

alérgico vs Intolerante

Both can relate to adverse reactions to food and can cause discomfort.

'Alérgico' implies an immune system reaction, which can be life-threatening (e.g., anaphylaxis). 'Intolerante' typically means the digestive system cannot process a substance properly (e.g., lactose intolerance), causing discomfort but not usually a rapid, severe immune response.

Ele é alérgico a amendoins e sua garganta incha (He is allergic to peanuts and his throat swells). Ele é intolerante à lactose e tem dor de estômago (He is lactose intolerant and has stomach pain).

alérgico vs Reagente

Both imply a response to a stimulus.

'Alérgico' specifically describes a condition where the body reacts to an allergen due to an immune system malfunction. 'Reagente' is a more general term, often used in chemistry or medicine, to describe something that is likely to react to a specific substance or condition. A person can be 'reagente' to a certain stimulus, and if that stimulus is an allergen, they are 'alérgico'.

A pele dele é muito reagente a produtos químicos (His skin is very reactive to chemicals). Ele é alérgico a certos produtos químicos e sua pele fica inflamada (He is allergic to certain chemicals and his skin becomes inflamed).

alérgico vs Imune

Both relate to the body's response to external agents.

'Alérgico' means the body reacts negatively and excessively to a substance. 'Imune' means the body is protected from or not affected by a substance or disease. They are opposites in this context.

Sou alérgico a pólen (I am allergic to pollen, my body reacts badly). Sou imune a esta doença (I am immune to this disease, my body can fight it off).

alérgico vs Hipersensível

Both describe an exaggerated or altered response.

'Hipersensível' is a more technical term that means having an abnormally high sensitivity to stimuli. It is often used interchangeably with 'alérgico' in medical contexts, but 'alérgico' is the common word for a specific type of hypersensitivity (allergic reaction).

O paciente é considerado hipersensível a picadas de vespa (The patient is considered hypersensitive to wasp stings). Ele é alérgico a vespas e precisa de cuidados imediatos (He is allergic to wasps and needs immediate care).

Sentence Patterns

A2

Subject + ser + alérgico/a + a + [noun]

Eu sou alérgico a poeira.

A2

Subject + ter + alergia + a + [noun]

Ela tem alergia a mel.

A2

Question: Você é alérgico/a a [noun]?

Você é alérgico a frutos do mar?

B1

Subject + é + alérgico/a + a + [noun] + e + [symptom]

Ele é alérgico a gatos e espirra muito.

B1

Se + Subject + for + alérgico/a + a + [noun], + [advice]

Se você for alérgico a nozes, evite esta sobremesa.

B2

A + [noun] + é + [description] + para + indivíduos + alérgicos.

A informação nutricional é importante para indivíduos alérgicos.

B2

O diagnóstico de + [condition] + alérgica + requer + [action].

O diagnóstico de dermatite alérgica requer um exame de pele.

C1

A + [noun] + de + pacientes + alérgicos + demonstra + [finding].

A análise de pacientes alérgicos demonstra uma resposta imune alterada.

Word Family

Nouns

alergia allergy
alérgeno allergen

Verbs

alergizar to make allergic (less common)

Adjectives

alérgico allergic
alérgica allergic (feminine)
alérgicos allergic (masculine plural)
alérgicas allergic (feminine plural)

Related

hipersensível hypersensitive
sensível sensitive
intolerante intolerant
reação reaction
imune immune
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How to Use It

frequency

Very high, especially in contexts related to health, food, and environment.

Common Mistakes
  • Not matching gender/number (e.g., 'Ele é alérgico' instead of 'Ela é alérgica') → Ele é alérgico / Ela é alérgica

    The adjective 'alérgico' must agree in gender and number with the subject. For a male subject, use 'alérgico'. For a female subject, use 'alérgica'. For plural subjects, use 'alérgicos' (masculine/mixed) or 'alérgicas' (feminine).

  • Using the wrong preposition (e.g., 'alérgico de pólen') → alérgico a pólen

    The standard and correct preposition to use after 'alérgico' when specifying the allergen is 'a'. Always say 'alérgico a something'.

  • Confusing 'alérgico' with 'doente' (sick) → Sou alérgico a gatos.

    While an allergy can make you sick ('doente'), 'alérgico' specifically describes the immune system's reaction to a particular substance. 'Doente' is a general term for illness.

  • Omitting the verb 'ser' (e.g., 'Eu alérgico a amendoins') → Eu sou alérgico a amendoins.

    In Portuguese, when stating a condition or characteristic like being allergic, the verb 'ser' (to be) is usually required. 'Eu sou alérgico' is grammatically correct.

  • Using 'alérgico' for general dislikes → Não gosto de brócolis.

    'Alérgico' implies a physiological, often immune-related, adverse reaction. It's not used for simple preferences or dislikes. If you just don't like broccoli, you say 'Não gosto de brócolis', not 'Sou alérgico a brócolis' unless you actually have an allergy.

Tips

Master the 'R' Sound

The 'r' in 'alérgico' is often a guttural sound made in the back of the throat, similar to the French 'r'. Practice making this sound to pronounce the word correctly and sound more natural.

Gender and Number Agreement

Remember that 'alérgico' is an adjective and must agree with the noun it describes. Use 'alérgico' for masculine singular, 'alérgica' for feminine singular, 'alérgicos' for masculine plural, and 'alérgicas' for feminine plural.

Use 'a' Correctly

The preposition 'a' is essential when stating what someone is allergic to. Always say 'alérgico a [allergen]', for example, 'alérgico a pólen'.

Learn Related Terms

Expand your vocabulary by learning related words like 'alergia' (allergy), 'alérgeno' (allergen), and 'reação alérgica' (allergic reaction). This will help you understand and discuss allergies more comprehensively.

Common Allergy Triggers

Familiarize yourself with common allergens like 'pólen' (pollen), 'poeira' (dust), 'gatos' (cats), 'amendoins' (peanuts), and 'camarão' (shrimp) to better understand sentences using 'alérgico'.

Visual Association

Create a mental image connecting 'alérgico' to the feeling of sneezing, itching, or having difficulty breathing. Visualize someone reacting strongly to a specific item to reinforce the meaning.

Create Your Own Sentences

Try to write or say sentences about yourself or others being allergic to things. For example, 'Meu colega é alérgico a café.' The more you practice, the more natural it will become.

Politeness and Safety

In Portuguese-speaking cultures, it's polite to inquire about allergies when offering food or hosting guests. Knowing how to say 'Sou alérgico a...' is important for safety and consideration.

Allergy vs. Intolerance

Understand that 'alérgico' implies an immune system response, which can be severe. 'Intolerante' usually refers to digestive issues. This distinction is important for accurate communication, especially regarding food.

Listen to Native Speakers

Pay attention to how native speakers use 'alérgico' in real conversations, movies, or podcasts. This will help you grasp the nuances of its usage and pronunciation.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'allergic' sounding like 'alter-logic'. Your body's logic is altered when it reacts negatively to something it shouldn't. So, if something is 'allergic', its logic is 'other' or 'different' from normal.

Visual Association

Imagine a person sneezing violently, with red eyes, pointing at a flower. The flower is the 'allergen', and the person is 'alérgico' to it. Or, picture a food item with a large red 'X' over it, with the word 'ALÉRGICO' written underneath.

Word Web

alérgico alergia hipersensível reação pólen comida gatos médico

Challenge

Try to describe three things you or someone you know is allergic to, using the word 'alérgico' in a complete sentence. For example, 'Meu amigo é alérgico a abelhas.'

Word Origin

The word 'alérgico' comes from the Greek word 'allos', meaning 'other' or 'different', and 'ergon', meaning 'work' or 'action'. It was coined by the Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906 to describe a 'changed reactivity' of the body.

Original meaning: Changed action or work, referring to the altered response of the immune system.

Greek origin, adopted into Portuguese through Latin and French influences.

Cultural Context

The term 'alérgico' implies a sensitivity that goes beyond simple dislike. It signifies a physiological reaction that can range from uncomfortable to life-threatening. Therefore, it's a word used with seriousness and caution.

In English-speaking cultures, the word 'allergic' is used in very similar contexts, from personal conversations about health to medical settings and food labeling. The concept and its linguistic expression are highly parallel.

Many celebrities have spoken openly about their allergies, raising public awareness. For instance, discussions about severe food allergies often highlight the need for vigilance. Children's books often address allergies to help young readers understand and cope with them, using terms like 'alérgico' and 'alergia'. Public health campaigns frequently warn about common allergens and the importance of recognizing allergic reactions.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Discussing food and dietary restrictions.

  • Sou alérgico a...
  • Você é alérgico a alguma coisa?
  • Por favor, verifique se há traços de...

Talking about health and medical conditions.

  • Preciso de um médico porque sou alérgico.
  • Ele é alérgico a medicamentos.
  • Tenho uma reação alérgica.

Describing environmental discomforts.

  • Sou alérgico a pólen.
  • A minha pele fica vermelha com o sol.
  • Tenho alergia sazonal.

Informing others about personal health needs.

  • É importante saber que sou alérgico a...
  • Cuidado, ele é alérgico a picadas.
  • Não posso comer isto, sou alérgico.

Children and pets.

  • O meu filho é alérgico a gatos.
  • O cão é alérgico a pulgas.
  • A criança não pode brincar aqui, é alérgica a este tipo de planta.

Conversation Starters

"Você tem alguma alergia conhecida?"

"Qual é a sua alergia mais comum?"

"Como você lida com sua alergia no dia a dia?"

"Você já teve uma reação alérgica grave?"

"O que você costuma fazer para evitar reações alérgicas?"

Journal Prompts

Descreva uma situação em que sua alergia causou um problema ou inconveniente.

Escreva sobre como você descobriu que era alérgico a algo.

Se você pudesse ser curado de uma alergia, qual seria e por quê?

Como sua alergia afeta suas escolhas de comida ou atividades?

Imagine um mundo onde ninguém é alérgico. Como seria diferente?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

While both describe adverse reactions to food, 'alérgico' signifies an immune system response that can be life-threatening (like anaphylaxis). 'Intolerante' typically means the digestive system cannot process a substance properly, causing discomfort but not usually a rapid, severe immune response. For example, one can be 'alérgico a leite' (allergic to milk) and experience swelling, while being 'intolerante à lactose' (lactose intolerant) might cause stomach pain and bloating.

Symptoms of an allergic reaction can vary widely but often include itching, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, digestive issues, or a runny nose. If you suspect you are allergic, it's best to consult a doctor or allergist for proper diagnosis through tests like skin prick tests or blood tests.

Yes, it is very common for people to have multiple allergies. This is known as being 'polialérgico' (polyallergic). For instance, someone might be allergic to pollen, dust mites, and certain foods simultaneously.

If a child is 'alérgico', it means their immune system overreacts to a specific substance (allergen), such as certain foods, pollens, or animal dander. This requires careful management, often involving avoiding the allergen and carrying emergency medication if prescribed.

'Hipersensível' (hypersensitive) is a more technical term that means having an abnormally high sensitivity. 'Alérgico' is the common word used to describe a specific type of hypersensitivity that involves an immune system reaction to an allergen. In everyday conversation, they are often used interchangeably when referring to allergies, but 'hipersensível' can also apply to other types of exaggerated responses.

You would say 'Eu sou alérgico a gatos' if you are male, or 'Eu sou alérgica a gatos' if you are female. Remember to match the adjective's ending to your gender.

Common allergens include foods like peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish. Environmental allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold, and pet dander. Insect stings and certain medications can also cause allergic reactions.

While you cannot be allergic to the weather itself, certain components within the weather can cause allergies. For example, pollen counts are higher on windy days, and mold spores can increase with humidity. People can also have reactions to temperature changes or sunlight, which are sometimes referred to as sensitivities rather than classic allergies.

An 'alergia alimentar' (food allergy) is a condition where the immune system mistakenly identifies a specific food protein as harmful and triggers a reaction. This can cause symptoms ranging from mild to severe and life-threatening.

For many allergies, especially environmental ones, complete avoidance isn't possible. The focus is on managing symptoms and reducing exposure. For food allergies, strict avoidance of the allergen is crucial. Your doctor can provide specific advice on managing your particular allergy.

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This Word in Other Languages

alérgico اسپانیایی
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