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A1 adjective 12分钟阅读

Sănătos

例句
解析 Sănătos in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'sănătos' is one of the first adjectives you learn to describe physical states. You will use it in simple subject-verb-adjective sentences like 'Eu sunt sănătos' (I am healthy) or 'Mărul este sănătos' (The apple is healthy). The focus at this stage is on basic agreement: knowing that if the subject is a woman, you say 'sănătoasă'. You will also encounter 'Sănătate!' as a basic greeting or response to a sneeze. Learning this word helps you talk about how you feel and what kind of food you like in a very basic way. It is a building block for talking about daily routines and well-being.
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'sănătos' to describe lifestyle and habits. You will move beyond just people and fruit to concepts like 'un stil de viață sănătos' (a healthy lifestyle) or 'exerciții sănătoase' (healthy exercises). You'll start to use adverbs to modify the adjective, such as 'foarte sănătos' or 'mai sănătos decât'. You will also learn to handle the plural forms more consistently, such as 'legumele sunt sănătoase'. At this stage, you might also use the word in the context of shopping, asking for 'produse sănătoase' at the market or supermarket.
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At the B1 level, you can use 'sănătos' to discuss more abstract topics like the environment or the economy. You might say 'un mediu de lucru sănătos' (a healthy work environment) or 'o relație sănătoasă' (a healthy relationship). You'll also become familiar with common idioms like 'sănătos tun' (perfectly healthy). Your understanding of the word expands to include mental health and moral soundness. You can participate in conversations about health trends, dieting, and the importance of 'principii sănătoase' (healthy principles) in life. You start to recognize the difference between 'sănătos' and its synonyms like 'zdravăn'.
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At the B2 level, you use 'sănătos' with nuance. You can use it sarcastically ('Ești sănătos la cap?') or metaphorically in complex arguments. You might discuss 'o concurență sănătoasă' (healthy competition) in business or 'o doză sănătoasă de scepticism' (a healthy dose of skepticism). You are comfortable with all four forms of the adjective and can use them correctly in complex sentences with relative clauses. You also begin to understand the cultural weight of the word in Romanian traditions, such as the preference for 'natural' and 'sănătos' products from the rural areas versus 'artificial' urban products.
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At the C1 level, you use 'sănătos' in sophisticated ways, often in academic or professional writing. You might analyze 'fundamentele sănătoase' (sound foundations) of a legal system or a philosophical argument. You understand the etymological connection to Latin and how it differs from other Romance languages. You can use the word in varied registers, from high literature to colloquial slang, without making mistakes in tone or agreement. You also master the use of the word in its less common meanings, such as describing a 'substantial' or 'hefty' amount of something ('o porție sănătoasă de critică').
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At the C2 level, 'sănătos' is a tool for precise and evocative expression. You can use it to describe the 'healthy' texture of a prose style or the 'healthy' balance of a musical composition. You have a deep understanding of the word's place in Romanian folklore and history, and you can use it to make cultural references that resonate with native speakers. You can play with the word's meanings in poetry or high-level rhetoric, using it to evoke a sense of primal strength and purity. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, incorporating all its idiomatic and metaphorical potential.
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例句

The Romanian adjective sănătos is a fundamental word in the Romanian vocabulary, primarily used to describe someone or something that is in good health, robust, or physically and mentally sound. Derived from the Latin word 'sanitos', it shares deep roots with the English word 'sanity' and 'sanitary', though its primary everyday meaning is 'healthy'. In the Romanian landscape, health is not just a medical state but a cultural value, often intertwined with hospitality and well-being. When you use sănătos, you are often making an observation about the vitality of a person, the quality of food, or the state of an environment. It is a word that carries positive connotations of strength and endurance, reflecting the historical agrarian lifestyle of Romania where physical robustness was essential for survival and prosperity.

Physical Health
Used to describe a person who is not ill. For example, 'Sunt sănătos acum' (I am healthy now).

Copilul mănâncă fructe pentru a crește sănătos.

Beyond physical health, sănătos is frequently applied to lifestyle choices. You will hear phrases like 'stil de viață sănătos' (healthy lifestyle) or 'alimentație sănătoasă' (healthy eating) in media, clinics, and casual conversations. Romanians take great pride in 'mâncare de la țară' (food from the countryside), which is universally considered more sănătos than processed urban alternatives. This distinction is crucial in Romanian culture; something 'sănătos' is often synonymous with 'natural' and 'traditional'.

Mental and Moral Soundness
It can also refer to a 'sound' mind or a 'healthy' attitude. 'O minte sănătoasă' (A sound mind) is a common expression.

Avem nevoie de un mediu sănătos de lucru.

In a metaphorical sense, 'sănătos' describes things that are functioning well or are built on solid foundations. An economy can be 'sănătoasă', or a relationship can be 'sănătoasă'. The word implies a lack of corruption or decay. When a Romanian says 'Ești sănătos?', depending on the tone, they might be asking if you are physically okay, or they might be sarcastically asking 'Are you crazy?' if you've said something absurd. This versatility makes it one of the most useful adjectives in the language.

O economie sănătoasă necesită investiții.

Quantity and Size
Informally, it can mean 'substantial' or 'hefty'. 'O bătaie sănătoasă' means a thorough beating (usually in a narrative context).

Am tras o porție sănătoasă de râs.

Fructele sunt sănătoase pentru organism.

Using sănătos correctly requires an understanding of Romanian adjective agreement. Romanian is a highly inflected language, meaning adjectives change their endings based on the gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter) and the number (singular or plural) of the noun they describe. For 'sănătos', the four forms are: sănătos (masculine/neuter singular), sănătoasă (feminine singular), sănătoși (masculine plural), and sănătoase (feminine/neuter plural). Mastering these forms is the first step toward fluency in using this word.

Masculine Singular
Used with masculine nouns like 'om' (man) or 'băiat' (boy). 'Un om sănătos' (A healthy man).

Bunicul meu este încă un bărbat sănătos.

When describing a feminine noun, the ending changes to '-oasă'. This is a common pattern for many Romanian adjectives ending in '-os'. For example, 'fată' (girl) or 'mâncare' (food). 'O fată sănătoasă' (A healthy girl) or 'O mâncare sănătoasă' (A healthy meal). Notice how the 'ă' at the end of 'sănătoasă' mirrors the 'ă' often found at the end of feminine nouns.

Feminine Singular
Used with feminine nouns. 'O dietă sănătoasă' (A healthy diet).

Ea are o piele foarte sănătoasă.

Plural forms are equally important. For masculine nouns, 'sănătos' becomes 'sănătoși'. For example, 'oameni sănătoși' (healthy people). For feminine and neuter plural nouns, it becomes 'sănătoase'. For example, 'obiceiuri sănătoase' (healthy habits) or 'femei sănătoase' (healthy women). Neuter nouns in Romanian behave like masculine in the singular and feminine in the plural, which is why 'obicei' (neuter singular) takes 'sănătos', but 'obiceiuri' (neuter plural) takes 'sănătoase'.

Plural Forms
Masculine: sănătoși. Feminine/Neuter: sănătoase. 'Merele sunt sănătoase'.

Sportivii sunt oameni foarte sănătoși.

In complex sentences, 'sănătos' can be used as a predicate adjective with the verb 'a fi' (to be). 'Mâncarea este sănătoasă' (The food is healthy). It can also be modified by adverbs like 'foarte' (very), 'destul de' (quite), or 'extrem de' (extremely). 'Este destul de sănătos să mergi pe jos' (It is quite healthy to walk on foot). Understanding these structures allows you to express a wide range of degrees of health and well-being.

Este foarte sănătos să dormi opt ore pe noapte.

Trebuie să avem niște principii sănătoase în viață.

In Romania, sănătos and its derivatives are everywhere. One of the first places you will encounter the root of this word is in the common greeting or farewell. While 'Bună ziua' is standard, 'Sănătate!' is a very common way to wish someone well as you part ways. It literally means 'Health!', acting as a shorthand for 'I wish you health'. This highlights how central the concept of being sănătos is to the social fabric. You'll hear it in markets, at the doctor's office, in schools, and during family dinners.

At the Market (Piață)
Vendors will shout that their produce is 'sănătos' because it's 'de la țară' (from the country). 'Luați roșii, sunt sănătoase!' (Take tomatoes, they are healthy!).

Aceste legume sunt sănătoase, nu au pesticide.

In a medical context, a doctor might tell you 'Ești sănătos tun' (You are as healthy as a cannon/sound as a bell), which is a very common Romanian idiom. Conversely, if you are recovering from a cold, a friend might ask, 'Te simți mai sănătos azi?' (Do you feel healthier/better today?). The word is also central to discussions about mental health, which is becoming a more prominent topic in Romanian urban centers. Phrases like 'un mediu emoțional sănătos' (a healthy emotional environment) are now common in podcasts and self-help literature.

In the Kitchen
Grandmothers (bunici) are the ultimate arbiters of what is 'sănătos'. They often contrast 'mâncare gătită' (cooked food/soup) with 'mâncare de la fast-food', labeling the former as the only truly healthy option.

Ciorba este o mâncare foarte sănătoasă.

You will also find 'sănătos' in advertisements for mineral water, vitamins, and fitness clubs. Romania has a rich tradition of 'stațiuni balneare' (spa resorts) where people go to become more 'sănătoși' through mineral baths and fresh mountain air. In these places, the word takes on a holistic meaning, encompassing physical therapy, relaxation, and nature. Finally, in the workplace, a 'business sănătos' refers to a company with good cash flow and ethical practices, showing how the word has migrated into the modern corporate lexicon.

Aerul de munte este foarte sănătos.

Social Toasts
At weddings or parties, people toast with 'Să fim sănătoși!' (May we be healthy!). It is the most common wish for the future.

Hai, noroc și să fim sănătoși!

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning Romanian is failing to apply gender and number agreement to adjectives like sănătos. In English, 'healthy' stays the same whether you are talking about one apple or ten men. In Romanian, saying 'femeia este sănătos' is grammatically incorrect and sounds jarring to a native speaker. You must use the feminine form: 'femeia este sănătoasă'. This requires constant awareness of the gender of the noun you are describing.

Agreement Errors
Using 'sănătos' for everything. Correct: 'mere sănătoase' (healthy apples), not 'mere sănătos'.

Greșit: Fetele sunt sănătos. Corect: Fetele sunt sănătoase.

Another common point of confusion is between the adjective sănătos and the noun sănătate (health). Beginners often mix them up in sentences. You cannot say 'Eu am sănătos' to mean 'I have health'; you must say 'Eu sunt sănătos' (I am healthy) or 'Eu am o sănătate bună' (I have good health). Similarly, 'Sănătate' is used for 'Bless you', but you wouldn't say 'Sănătos!' when someone sneezes.

Noun vs. Adjective
Confusing 'sănătos' (adj) with 'sănătate' (noun). Use 'sănătos' to describe things, 'sănătate' to name the concept.

Sănătatea este mai importantă decât banii.

A subtle mistake involves the use of 'sănătos' in the sense of 'sane'. While it can mean 'mentally healthy', if you want to say someone is 'not crazy', Romanians often use 'întreg la minte' (whole at mind). If you ask 'Ești sănătos?', it can be taken as a serious inquiry about health or a very rude 'Are you out of your mind?'. Context and intonation are key. Misusing this in a formal setting could lead to unintended offense.

Sarcastic Usage
Using 'Ești sănătos?' with a rising, aggressive tone implies you think the person is acting crazy. Be careful with your intonation!

Nu cred că ești sănătos dacă vrei să sari de acolo!

Alege niște gustări sănătoase pentru drum.

While sănătos is the most versatile and common word for 'healthy', Romanian offers several synonyms and related terms that can add precision to your speech. Depending on whether you want to emphasize physical strength, the absence of disease, or the natural quality of something, you might choose a different word. Understanding these nuances will help you move from A1 to a more advanced level of expression.

Zdravăn
This word means 'sturdy', 'robust', or 'strong'. It's often used for people who are physically imposing or for objects that are well-built. 'Un bărbat zdravăn' is more than just healthy; he's tough.

Este un flăcău zdravăn de la munte.

Another alternative is teafăr, which specifically means 'unharmed' or 'safe and sound'. You use this after an accident or a dangerous situation. If someone asks if you are okay after a fall, you would say 'Sunt teafăr' rather than 'Sunt sănătos'. Viguros is another synonym, typically used in more formal or literary contexts to describe someone full of energy and vitality, or a plant that is growing strongly.

Teafăr vs. Sănătos
'Sănătos' is general health. 'Teafăr' is specifically being uninjured. 'A scăpat teafăr din accident'.

După furtună, toți au ajuns acasă teferi.

In medical terminology, you might encounter valid (able-bodied) or apt (fit). For example, 'apt pentru muncă' (fit for work). On the antonym side, the opposite of 'sănătos' is bolnav (sick). However, if you want to say someone is 'unhealthy' in their habits, you might say they have 'obiceiuri nocive' (harmful habits). Comparing these words helps you understand that 'sănătos' is the broad, positive umbrella term for all things good and functioning.

Robust
Used for health that is particularly resistant. 'Are o constituție robustă'.

Planta are o creștere viguroasă în acest sol.

O minte trează și un corp sănătos sunt cheia succesului.

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按水平分级的例句

1

Eu sunt sănătos.

I am healthy (masculine).

Subject 'Eu' with masculine adjective 'sănătos'.

2

Ea este sănătoasă.

She is healthy.

Feminine singular form 'sănătoasă'.

3

Mărul este sănătos.

The apple is healthy.

Neuter singular 'măr' takes the masculine form 'sănătos'.

4

Suntem sănătoși.

We are healthy.

Masculine plural form 'sănătoși'.

5

Fructele sunt sănătoase.

Fruits are healthy.

Feminine/Neuter plural form 'sănătoase'.

6

Ești sănătos?

Are you healthy?

Interrogative sentence using the second person singular.

7

Un mic dejun sănătos.

A healthy breakfast.

Adjective following the masculine noun 'mic dejun'.

8

Sănătate!

Health! (Bless you / Cheers)

Noun used as a common exclamation.

1

Vreau un stil de viață sănătos.

I want a healthy lifestyle.

Compound noun phrase 'stil de viață' is masculine.

2

Ea mănâncă doar alimente sănătoase.

She eats only healthy foods.

Neuter plural 'alimente' with 'sănătoase'.

3

Este mai sănătos să bei apă decât suc.

It is healthier to drink water than juice.

Comparative structure 'mai [adjective] decât'.

4

Copiii au nevoie de aer sănătos.

Children need healthy air.

Masculine noun 'aer' with 'sănătos'.

5

Nu este sănătos să dormi puțin.

It is not healthy to sleep little.

Negative construction 'nu este'.

6

Bunicul are o inimă sănătoasă.

Grandpa has a healthy heart.

Feminine noun 'inimă' with 'sănătoasă'.

7

Avem legume sănătoase în grădină.

We have healthy vegetables in the garden.

Feminine plural 'legume' with 'sănătoase'.

8

Sportul te face sănătos.

Sport makes you healthy.

Object complement 'sănătos' referring to the person.

1

Este important să avem o minte sănătoasă într-un corp sănătos.

It is important to have a sound mind in a healthy body.

Classical idiom adapted into Romanian.

2

Am găsit un mediu de lucru sănătos.

I found a healthy work environment.

Masculine noun 'mediu' with 'sănătos'.

3

După tratament, el este sănătos tun.

After the treatment, he is sound as a bell.

Idiomatic expression 'sănătos tun'.

4

Relația lor este foarte sănătoasă.

Their relationship is very healthy.

Feminine noun 'relație' with 'sănătoasă'.

5

Avem nevoie de principii sănătoase în politică.

We need healthy principles in politics.

Neuter plural 'principii' with 'sănătoase'.

6

O economie sănătoasă se bazează pe producție.

A healthy economy is based on production.

Abstract usage of 'sănătoasă'.

7

Nu mi se pare un obicei sănătos.

It doesn't seem like a healthy habit to me.

Masculine noun 'obicei' with 'sănătos'.

8

Ea are o atitudine sănătoasă față de eșec.

She has a healthy attitude toward failure.

Feminine noun 'atitudine' with 'sănătoasă'.

1

Concurența sănătoasă ajută la dezvoltarea pieței.

Healthy competition helps market development.

Metaphorical use in a business context.

2

Ești sănătos la cap? Ce spui acolo?

Are you out of your mind? What are you saying?

Colloquial/Sarcastic use of 'sănătos'.

3

O doză sănătoasă de realism ne-ar prinde bine.

A healthy dose of realism would do us good.

Quantifying an abstract noun.

4

Efortul a fost sănătos și ne-a adus rezultate.

The effort was substantial and brought us results.

Meaning 'substantial' or 'solid'.

5

Plămânii lui sunt perfect sănătoși.

His lungs are perfectly healthy.

Masculine plural 'plămâni' with 'sănătoși'.

6

Promovăm un dialog sănătos între generații.

We promote a healthy dialogue between generations.

Abstract social context.

7

Mâncarea de la țară este mult mai sănătoasă.

Country food is much healthier.

Cultural comparison.

8

Să fii sănătos, că restul se rezolvă!

Just be healthy, the rest will be solved!

Subjunctive mood 'să fii' expressing a wish.

1

Esențială este menținerea unui echilibru sănătos între viața privată și cea profesională.

Essential is maintaining a healthy balance between private and professional life.

Formal academic/business register.

2

Criticul a aplicat o judecată sănătoasă asupra operei literare.

The critic applied a sound judgment to the literary work.

Abstract noun 'judecată' (judgment).

3

Am tras o porție sănătoasă de râs la spectacol.

I had a good, long laugh at the show.

Colloquial use meaning 'substantial quantity'.

4

Societatea civilă are nevoie de o reacție sănătoasă la corupție.

Civil society needs a healthy reaction to corruption.

Sociopolitical context.

5

Investiția se bazează pe baze financiare sănătoase.

The investment is based on sound financial foundations.

Financial terminology.

6

O minte sănătoasă nu ar accepta o asemenea propunere.

A sound mind would not accept such a proposal.

Hypothetical conditional structure.

7

Am primit o bătaie sănătoasă de la ploaie.

I got a real soaking from the rain.

Idiomatic use for 'intense experience'.

8

Vegetația este sănătoasă și luxuriantă în această regiune.

The vegetation is healthy and lush in this region.

Describing nature/biology.

1

Discursul său a reflectat un patriotism sănătos, lipsit de șovinism.

His speech reflected a healthy patriotism, devoid of chauvinism.

Nuanced political distinction.

2

Stilul autorului este marcat de o robustețe sănătoasă a limbajului.

The author's style is marked by a healthy robustness of language.

Literary criticism.

3

O doză sănătoasă de autoironie este semnul unei inteligențe superioare.

A healthy dose of self-irony is the sign of superior intelligence.

Psychological/Philosophical observation.

4

Proiectul a eșuat din lipsa unei viziuni sănătoase pe termen lung.

The project failed due to the lack of a sound long-term vision.

Corporate/Strategic context.

5

Sănătosul simț al umorului românesc transpare în toate glumele lor.

The healthy Romanian sense of humor shines through all their jokes.

Adjective placed before the noun for emphasis.

6

Am încheiat un parteneriat pe baze absolut sănătoase.

We concluded a partnership on absolutely sound grounds.

Legal/Business emphasis.

7

Organismul are o capacitate sănătoasă de regenerare.

The organism has a healthy capacity for regeneration.

Scientific/Biological context.

8

O critică sănătoasă este întotdeauna constructivă.

Healthy criticism is always constructive.

Axiomatic statement.

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