Biti utrujen
To be tired
Phrase in 30 Seconds
Use 'biti utrujen' to express physical or mental exhaustion when you need rest or sleep.
- Means: To be tired or lacking energy.
- Used in: Daily greetings, after work, or before bed.
- Don't confuse: Remember to change the ending for gender (utrujen vs utrujena).
Explanation at your level:
意味
Lacking energy or wanting to sleep.
文化的背景
Slovenians often use 'utrujenost' as a badge of honor. If you tell someone you are tired after working in your garden or hiking, they will likely respond with 'To je dobro!' (That is good!). In the capital, the fog in winter is often blamed for a collective feeling of 'utrujenost'. It's a common topic of conversation in cafes. In the mountains, being tired is the expected result of 'hribolazenje' (mountain climbing). There is a specific respect for 'mountain fatigue'. Complaining about being tired at work is a way to signal to your boss and colleagues that you are working hard. It's a social bonding mechanism.
Gender is Key
If you only learn one thing, learn that 'utrujen' is for men and 'utrujena' is for women. It's the most common mistake for beginners.
Honesty is Best
In Slovenia, it's okay to say you're tired. It doesn't sound lazy; it sounds like you've been productive.
意味
Lacking energy or wanting to sleep.
Gender is Key
If you only learn one thing, learn that 'utrujen' is for men and 'utrujena' is for women. It's the most common mistake for beginners.
Honesty is Best
In Slovenia, it's okay to say you're tired. It doesn't sound lazy; it sounds like you've been productive.
The 'Od' Rule
Always use 'od' + Genitive to explain why you are tired. 'Utrujen od teka' (Tired from running).
Zmatran vs Utrujen
Use 'zmatran' with friends, but stick to 'utrujen' in class or with your boss.
自分をテスト
If you are a woman, how do you say 'I am tired'?
Jaz sem _______.
Women must use the feminine ending -a.
Fill in the correct form of the verb 'biti' and the adjective 'utrujen' for two people (masculine).
Midva ____ ________.
The dual form for 'we two' is 'sva' and the masculine dual ending for the adjective is -a.
Match the Slovenian phrase with its English equivalent.
Phrases: 1. Zelo sem utrujen. 2. Utrujen sem od dela. 3. Čisto sem fuč. 4. Nisem utrujena.
These cover the basic variations of the phrase.
Complete the dialogue with the most natural response.
Marko: 'Greva danes v hribe?' Luka: 'Ne morem, ________.'
Being tired is the most logical reason to decline a hike.
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ビジュアル学習ツール
Levels of Fatigue in Slovenian
Mild
- • malo utrujen
- • zaspan
Standard
- • utrujen
- • zmatran
Extreme
- • izčrpan
- • fuč
- • sesut
よくある質問
12 問Mostly, but you can use it for animals or metaphorically for things like 'utrujene oči' (tired eyes) or 'utrujen stroj' (a tired/worn-out machine).
'Utrujen' is standard and formal; 'zmatran' is colloquial and very common in daily speech.
You say 'Utrujen sem od tebe'. It's quite a strong statement!
No, for boredom use 'dolgčas'. 'Utrujen' implies a loss of energy.
Use the dual feminine: 'Midve sva utrujeni'.
Yes, it is 'utrujenost' (feminine).
That is the specific word for 'burnout', which is more serious than just being 'utrujen'.
Yes, 'zelo' means 'very' and is the standard way to intensify it.
Yes, to explain why a deadline might be missed or why a break is needed.
The verb 'biti' changes (sem bil / sem bila), but the adjective 'utrujen/a' stays the same.
The most common opposite is 'spočit' (rested).
No, it is considered a very valid and honest excuse in Slovenia.
関連フレーズ
biti zaspan
similarto be sleepy
biti izčrpan
specialized formto be exhausted
biti zmatran
synonymto be beat/tired
počivati
builds onto rest
biti poln energije
contrastto be full of energy
どこで使う？
After a long day at the office
A: Greva na pijačo?
B: Ne morem, res sem utrujen od dela.
Waking up early for a flight
Potnik: Ura je štiri zjutraj. Tako sem utrujena.
Partner: Spi na letalu.
Finishing a hike up Šmarna Gora
Prijatelj 1: Končno na vrhu!
Prijatelj 2: Uf, sem utrujen, ampak razgled je lep.
Late night study session
Študent: Ne morem več brati. Moje oči so utrujene.
Cimer: Pojdi spat, izpit je šele jutri.
Parenting a newborn
Mama: Dojenček je jokal celo noč.
Soseda: Verjamem, da si utrujena.
At the doctor's office
Pacient: Zadnje čase sem nenehno utrujen.
Zdravnik: Bova pregledala vašo kri.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of a 'TRUDging' hiker in the Alps. 'TRUD' is the root of u-TRUD-jen. If you TRUDge, you get uTRUDjen.
Visual Association
Imagine a giant battery icon over your head that is flashing red and at 1%. You are leaning against a Slovenian hayrack (kozolec) because you can't stand up anymore.
Rhyme
Ko je dan končan, sem utrujen in zaspan. (When the day is done, I am tired and sleepy.)
Story
Uroš worked all day in the vineyard. He used a lot of 'trud' (effort). Now the sun is setting behind the mountains. Uroš drops his tools and says, 'Sem utrujen.' He goes home to eat potica and sleep.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to tell three different people 'Sem utrujen/a' today at different times, adding a reason why (e.g., 'od kave', 'od dela', 'od sonca').
In Other Languages
Estar cansado
Slovenian has an additional 'dual' form for two people.
Être fatigué
Slovenian gender endings are always clearly pronounced.
Müde sein
German 'müde' does not change for gender (Ich bin müde).
Tired (疲れている - Tsukarete iru)
Japanese doesn't use the verb 'to be' in the same way and has no gender agreement.
T'ban (تعبان)
Arabic uses a different sentence structure without a mandatory 'to be' verb in the present tense.
Lèi (累)
No gender, no number, no 'to be' verb required.
Pigonhada (피곤하다)
The focus is on social hierarchy (honorifics) rather than gender agreement.
Estar cansado
Portuguese pronunciation of the endings is distinct from the clear Slovenian vowels.
Easily Confused
Learners use 'utrujen' when they actually want to go to bed.
Use 'zaspan' if you are yawning; use 'utrujen' if your body feels heavy.
English 'I am tired of this' can mean 'I am bored'.
If something is uninteresting, use 'dolgčas mi je'.
よくある質問 (12)
Mostly, but you can use it for animals or metaphorically for things like 'utrujene oči' (tired eyes) or 'utrujen stroj' (a tired/worn-out machine).
'Utrujen' is standard and formal; 'zmatran' is colloquial and very common in daily speech.
You say 'Utrujen sem od tebe'. It's quite a strong statement!
No, for boredom use 'dolgčas'. 'Utrujen' implies a loss of energy.
Use the dual feminine: 'Midve sva utrujeni'.
Yes, it is 'utrujenost' (feminine).
That is the specific word for 'burnout', which is more serious than just being 'utrujen'.
Yes, 'zelo' means 'very' and is the standard way to intensify it.
Yes, to explain why a deadline might be missed or why a break is needed.
The verb 'biti' changes (sem bil / sem bila), but the adjective 'utrujen/a' stays the same.
The most common opposite is 'spočit' (rested).
No, it is considered a very valid and honest excuse in Slovenia.
