The word 'bolestan' is the essential term for expressing illness, requiring gender agreement and typically paired with the verb 'to be'.
Palabra en 30 segundos
- Primary Serbian adjective for being sick or unwell.
- Must agree in gender and number with the subject.
- Derived from 'bol', meaning pain or ache.
Pregled
'Bolestan' je osnovni pridev u srpskom jeziku koji se koristi za opisivanje zdravstvenog stanja. On je u svom osnovnom obliku muškog roda, dok su oblici za ženski i srednji rod 'bolesna' i 'bolesno'. Reč potiče od imenice 'bol', što direktno ukazuje na fizičku ili psihičku patnju.
Obrasci upotrebe
Ovaj pridev se najčešće koristi uz pomoćni glagol 'biti' (npr. 'Ja sam bolestan'). Veoma je važno obratiti pažnju na slaganje prideva sa imenicom u rodu, broju i padežu. U srpskom jeziku, pridev 'bolestan' ima i neodređeni i određeni vid ('bolesni'), mada se u svakodnevnom govoru češće koristi neodređeni oblik u predikativnoj funkciji.
Uobičajeni konteksti
Najčešće se sreće u medicinskom kontekstu, razgovorima o dobrobiti i u svakodnevnim situacijama kada objašnjavamo odsustvo sa posla ili iz škole. Metaforički, može se koristiti da opiše društvo ('bolesno društvo') ili nečije ponašanje koje se smatra ekstremnim ili neprihvatljivim ('bolestan humor').
Poređenje sličnih reči
Često se meša sa rečju 'bolno'. Dok 'bolestan' opisuje onoga ko oseća bolest (subjekat), 'bolno' opisuje ono što uzrokuje bol (objekat ili osećaj, npr. 'bolno koleno'). Takođe, reč 'prehlađen' je specifičnija i odnosi se samo na virusnu prehladu, dok je 'bolestan' opštiji pojam koji obuhvata sve vrste oboljenja.
Ejemplos
Marko je bolestan i mora da leži.
everydayMarko is sick and has to stay in bed.
Obaveštavamo vas da je zaposleni bolestan.
formalWe inform you that the employee is sick.
Brate, taj film je skroz bolestan!
informalBro, that movie is totally sick/twisted!
Bolestan organizam teže se bori sa infekcijama.
academicA sick organism fights infections with more difficulty.
Colocaciones comunes
Frases Comunes
Pravi se bolestan
To pretend to be sick
Bolestan od ljubavi
Lovesick
Se confunde a menudo con
Bolno means 'painful' (referring to a sensation), while bolestan means 'sick' (referring to a person's state).
Bolest is the noun 'illness', whereas bolestan is the adjective 'sick'.
Patrones gramaticales
How to Use It
Notas de uso
The word is neutral and can be used in all levels of formality. In spoken Serbian, the short form 'bolestan' is almost always used in the predicate position. Be careful with the 'a' in 'bolestan'—it is a 'mobile a' that disappears in other forms like 'bolesna' or 'bolesni'.
Errores comunes
English speakers often try to use 'bolestan' to describe a part of the body that hurts (e.g., 'moj ruka je bolestan'). In Serbian, you should say 'boli me ruka' (my arm hurts) or 'ruka mi je povređena' (my arm is injured).
Tips
Always match the gender of the person
Remember to change the ending: 'bolestan' (male), 'bolesna' (female), 'bolesno' (child/neuter).
Don't confuse with 'bolno'
Use 'bolestan' for the person who is sick, and 'bolno' for the body part that hurts.
Directness in health talk
Serbians are often very direct about being sick and will give you details if you ask how they are.
Origen de la palabra
Derived from the Proto-Slavic root *bolъ, meaning 'pain'. It is related to the verb 'boleti' (to hurt).
Contexto cultural
In Balkan culture, health is a frequent topic of conversation. It is common to discuss illnesses in detail even with casual acquaintances as a way of bonding or showing empathy.
Truco para recordar
Link it to the English word 'ball'—if you get hit by a heavy ball, you might feel 'bol' (pain) and become 'bolestan' (sick).
Preguntas frecuentes
4 preguntasAko ste ženskog roda, treba da kažete 'Ja sam bolesna'. Pridev se mora slagati sa vašim polom.
'Bolestan' je opšti termin za bilo koju bolest, dok 'prehlađen' znači da imate specifično prehladu (kijavicu, blagu temperaturu).
Da, ovaj pridev se podjednako koristi za ljude i za životinje, npr. 'Moj pas je bolestan'.
Množina za muški rod je 'bolesni', za ženski 'bolesne', a za srednji 'bolesna' (npr. bolesna deca).
Ponte a prueba
Moja sestra danas ne ide u školu jer je ___.
Sestra je imenica ženskog roda u jednini, pa pridev mora biti 'bolesna'.
Kako se kaže 'Deca su bolesna' na engleskom?
U srpskom jeziku 'deca' je zbirna imenica koja zahteva oblik 'bolesna' (srednji rod množine).
sam / veoma / danas / bolestan / ja
Standardni red reči u srpskom jeziku je Subjekat + Pomoćni glagol + Prilog + Pridev.
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Summary
The word 'bolestan' is the essential term for expressing illness, requiring gender agreement and typically paired with the verb 'to be'.
- Primary Serbian adjective for being sick or unwell.
- Must agree in gender and number with the subject.
- Derived from 'bol', meaning pain or ache.
Always match the gender of the person
Remember to change the ending: 'bolestan' (male), 'bolesna' (female), 'bolesno' (child/neuter).
Don't confuse with 'bolno'
Use 'bolestan' for the person who is sick, and 'bolno' for the body part that hurts.
Directness in health talk
Serbians are often very direct about being sick and will give you details if you ask how they are.
Ejemplos
4 de 4Marko je bolestan i mora da leži.
Marko is sick and has to stay in bed.
Obaveštavamo vas da je zaposleni bolestan.
We inform you that the employee is sick.
Brate, taj film je skroz bolestan!
Bro, that movie is totally sick/twisted!
Bolestan organizam teže se bori sa infekcijama.
A sick organism fights infections with more difficulty.
