Ni is primarily the plural 'you' but occasionally serves as a formal singular address.
30초 단어
- Used to address two or more people (plural 'you').
- Can be a formal singular 'you' in specific service contexts.
- Replaced by 'du' for singular address during the 1960s reform.
Översikt
'Ni' fungerar som andra person plural i det svenska språket och motsvarar engelskans 'you' när man adresserar en grupp. Det är den naturliga pluralformen av 'du'. 2) Användningsmönster: Som subjekt används 'ni' för att inleda meningar där mottagarna är de som utför en handling. Objektsformen av 'ni' är 'er' (t.ex. 'Jag ser er'), och den possessiva formen är 'er/ert/era' beroende på det ägda ordets genus och antal. 3) Vanliga sammanhang: Det absolut vanligaste användningsområdet är i vardagligt tal till vänner, familj eller kollegor när man pratar med fler än en person samtidigt. Inom vissa serviceyrken, som på exklusiva restauranger eller hotell, kan personalen använda 'ni' till en enskild gäst för att skapa en känsla av extra hög service och formell distans. 4) Jämförelse med liknande ord: Till skillnad från 'du' (singular) syftar 'ni' på flera personer. Jämfört med 'de' (tredje person plural), används 'ni' endast när man talar direkt till personerna i fråga. Det är viktigt att inte förväxla subjektet 'ni' med objektet 'er'.
예시
Hej, vad gör ni?
everydayHi, what are you (plural) doing?
Kan ni hjälpa mig med det här?
formalCan you (plural) help me with this?
Kommer ni på festen?
informalAre you (plural) coming to the party?
Ni ombeds att vänligen sitta ner.
academicYou are kindly requested to sit down.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
Hur mår ni?
How are you (plural)?
Ni har rätt
You (plural) are right
Ses ni snart?
Are you (plural) seeing each other soon?
자주 혼동되는 단어
'Vi' means 'we' (including the speaker), while 'ni' means 'you' (plural, excluding the speaker).
'De' means 'they' (referring to others), while 'ni' is used when speaking directly to the group.
문법 패턴
How to Use It
사용 참고사항
In modern Swedish, 'ni' is almost exclusively used as the plural form of 'you'. While it was historically a formal singular address, this usage is now controversial and often avoided in favor of 'du'. In a group setting, it remains the standard and neutral choice.
자주 하는 실수
Learners often use 'ni' to be polite to a single person, which can sound strange or even rude to some Swedes. Another mistake is confusing the subject form 'ni' with the object form 'er'. Always use 'ni' as the actor in the sentence.
Tips
Always use for groups
Whenever you address more than one person, 'ni' is the standard and only correct word to use in Swedish.
Careful with formal singular use
Using 'ni' for one person can feel outdated or stiff. Stick to 'du' unless you are in a high-end service role.
The Du-reform legacy
In the late 1960s, Sweden moved away from titles and 'ni' to 'du' to promote equality, making 'ni' rare for singular use today.
어원
Derived from the Old Swedish 'I' (you plural). The 'n' was originally part of the verb ending (e.g., 'haven I' became 'have ni'), which eventually merged into the pronoun.
문화적 맥락
The 'Du-reform' of 1967 led by Bror Rexed transformed Swedish society by making 'du' the universal address, making 'ni' for singular use a rare and specific stylistic choice.
암기 팁
Think of the 'n' in 'ni' as standing for 'Next' group of people. It's like 'you' but for more than one person standing in front of you.
자주 묻는 질문
4 질문Använd 'ni' när du pratar med mer än en person. Undvik att använda det till en enskild person om du inte vill vara extremt formell eller arbetar i en specifik servicekontext.
Inte nödvändigtvis. Efter du-reformen på 60-talet kan vissa äldre personer faktiskt uppfatta ett 'ni' som nedlåtande eller som ett sätt att skapa onödig distans.
'Ni' är subjektet som utför handlingen, medan 'er' är objektet som tar emot handlingen eller används efter prepositioner.
Ja, om mejlet är adresserat till en hel grupp eller en avdelning är 'ni' det korrekta och naturliga valet.
셀프 테스트
Vad ska ___ göra ikväll?
Since you are addressing a group, 'ni' is the correct plural 'you'.
Jag vill träffa ___.
'Er' is the object form used after a verb like 'träffa'.
hungriga / Är / ni / ?
In questions, the verb 'är' typically comes before the subject 'ni'.
점수: /3
Summary
Ni is primarily the plural 'you' but occasionally serves as a formal singular address.
- Used to address two or more people (plural 'you').
- Can be a formal singular 'you' in specific service contexts.
- Replaced by 'du' for singular address during the 1960s reform.
Always use for groups
Whenever you address more than one person, 'ni' is the standard and only correct word to use in Swedish.
Careful with formal singular use
Using 'ni' for one person can feel outdated or stiff. Stick to 'du' unless you are in a high-end service role.
The Du-reform legacy
In the late 1960s, Sweden moved away from titles and 'ni' to 'du' to promote equality, making 'ni' rare for singular use today.
예시
4 / 4Hej, vad gör ni?
Hi, what are you (plural) doing?
Kan ni hjälpa mig med det här?
Can you (plural) help me with this?
Kommer ni på festen?
Are you (plural) coming to the party?
Ni ombeds att vänligen sitta ner.
You are kindly requested to sit down.
