煮沸
煮沸 in 30 Seconds
- 煮沸 (zhǔfèi) is a formal verb meaning 'to boil a liquid' to its boiling point.
- It is commonly used in instructions for hygiene, science, and precise cooking.
- Unlike '煮' (cook), it focuses on the state of the liquid rather than the food.
- It is most naturally used in the '把' construction: '把水煮沸'.
The Chinese verb 煮沸 (zhǔfèi) specifically refers to the action of heating a liquid until it reaches its boiling point. While the single character 煮 (zhǔ) often means to cook food in water (like boiling an egg or making soup), 煮沸 focuses on the physical state of the liquid itself. It is a more formal or technical term than the colloquial 烧开 (shāokāi), which is what you would say when making tea at home. You will encounter 煮沸 in contexts involving hygiene, science, and precise culinary instructions.
- Scientific Precision
- In laboratory settings or medical instructions, this word is used to describe the sterilization process. For example, '煮沸消毒' (zhǔfèi xiāodú) means to sterilize by boiling.
为了安全,饮用水必须先煮沸。 (For safety, drinking water must first be boiled.)
The word is composed of two characters: 煮 (to cook/boil) and 沸 (to bubble/boil over). Together, they emphasize the vigorous bubbling and the high temperature required to kill bacteria or trigger a chemical reaction. In modern China, the concept of 煮沸 is deeply linked to public health history, where boiling water became a standard practice to prevent waterborne diseases.
将牛奶煮沸,然后加入白糖。 (Bring the milk to a boil, then add white sugar.)
- Technical Register
- You will see this word on the back of medicine packets or in chemistry textbooks more often than in a casual text message to a friend about making coffee.
Furthermore, 煮沸 implies a sustained boil or the reaching of the boiling point as a milestone. In industrial or domestic cleaning, '煮沸法' (the boiling method) is a recognized technique. Unlike '沸腾' (fèiténg), which is a noun/verb describing the state of boiling or metaphorical excitement, 煮沸 is an active, transitive process—something you do to the liquid.
实验要求将溶液煮沸五分钟。 (The experiment requires the solution to be boiled for five minutes.)
Understanding 煮沸 is essential for A2 learners because it bridges the gap between basic kitchen verbs and more precise instructional Chinese. It shows an awareness of formal versus informal registers. While you might tell your roommate '水开了' (the water is boiled/ready), a doctor would tell you to '煮沸餐具' (boil the utensils) to ensure they are clean.
Using 煮沸 correctly requires understanding its role as a transitive verb. It usually takes an object (the liquid being boiled) or appears in a passive construction. In standard SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) sentences, the subject is the person or the heat source performing the action.
厨师正在煮沸一大锅水。 (The chef is boiling a large pot of water.)
A very common pattern is the '把' (bǎ) construction. This is used when you want to emphasize the result or the disposal of the object. Since boiling water usually leads to a result (sterilization or readiness), this structure is extremely natural.
- The '把' Structure
- Subject + 把 + Liquid + 煮沸. Example: 请把这些水煮沸。
Another frequent usage is in imperative sentences (commands). You will see this in manuals or recipes. Often, it is followed by a duration using the word '后' (after) or '至' (until).
将水煮沸后,加入茶叶。 (After boiling the water, add the tea leaves.)
In more advanced contexts, 煮沸 can be used in a passive sense with '被' (bèi), although this is less common in spoken Chinese. Usually, the 'Topic-Comment' structure is preferred: '水煮沸了' (The water has been boiled/reached boiling point).
When describing the purpose of boiling, the structure '煮沸以...' (boil in order to...) is used. This is common in health warnings. For example, '煮沸以杀灭细菌' (Boil to kill bacteria).
这瓶鲜奶需要煮沸才能喝。 (This fresh milk needs to be boiled before it can be drunk.)
- Duration and Intensity
- You can add adverbs like '彻底' (thoroughly) or '持续' (continuously). '持续煮沸十分钟' (Continuously boil for ten minutes).
Finally, remember that 煮沸 is a discrete action. Once the water is boiling, it has reached the state of 沸腾. Therefore, 煮沸 is the process of getting there. If you are describing a bubbling volcano or a crowd's excitement, use 沸腾, not 煮沸.
You are most likely to hear 煮沸 in environments where safety, science, or formal instruction are paramount. In a Chinese household, while people might say '水开了' (the water is open/boiled), a mother might tell her child to '煮沸' the water if they are traveling in a rural area where the water quality is questionable.
在野外生存时,一定要把水煮沸。 (When surviving in the wild, you must boil the water.)
In hospitals and clinics, nurses use this word when discussing the sterilization of reusable equipment. '煮沸消毒法' is a standard term taught in medical training. If you are watching a Chinese medical drama, you might hear a doctor shout for instruments to be boiled in an emergency setting.
- Laboratory Settings
- Science teachers in middle schools use '煮沸' when conducting experiments involving evaporation or chemical changes. '观察水煮沸时的现象' (Observe the phenomena when water boils).
In the food industry, especially in factories that produce pasteurized or sterilized goods, 煮沸 is a technical requirement. You will see it on food packaging instructions, particularly for items like '方便面' (instant noodles) or '汤包' (soup bases) that require the liquid to reach a specific temperature for the best taste and safety.
由于管道维修,请将自来水煮沸后再饮用。 (Due to pipe maintenance, please boil tap water before drinking.)
You will also encounter it in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). When preparing herbal decoctions (中药), the instructions often specify how long the herbs should be '煮沸' before simmering (文火). This distinction between a hard boil and a low simmer is crucial in TCM.
- Cooking Shows
- Professional chefs on TV use '煮沸' to sound more authoritative, whereas a home cook might just say '烧开'. It adds a level of culinary professionalism to the instruction.
Lastly, in parenting circles, the word is ubiquitous. New parents are constantly told to '煮沸' baby bottles (奶瓶) and pacifiers. If you join a Chinese 'Moms group' on WeChat, you'll see this word frequently in discussions about baby hygiene.
The most frequent mistake learners make is overusing 煮沸 in casual conversation. While it is grammatically correct to say '我要煮沸水做咖啡' (I want to boil water to make coffee), it sounds stiff and robotic. A native speaker would almost always say '我要烧点开水' (I want to boil some water).
- 煮沸 vs. 煮
- Mistake: '我煮沸了面条' (I boiled the noodles). Correct: '我煮了面条'. '煮' implies cooking the food, while '煮沸' focuses only on the water reaching 100°C.
Another common error is confusing 煮沸 (zhǔfèi) with 沸腾 (fèiténg). Remember that 煮沸 is an action you perform, whereas 沸腾 is a state. You can't usually '沸腾' a pot of water; you '煮沸' the water, and then the water is '沸腾'ing. 沸腾 also has a common metaphorical use (e.g., 'the crowd is boiling with excitement'), which 煮沸 does not have.
错误:全场观众煮沸了。 (Wrong: The whole audience boiled [like water].) 正确:全场观众沸腾了。
Learners also often forget the '把' (bǎ) particle. Because 煮沸 is a result-oriented verb, it sounds much more natural in a '把' construction. Saying '煮沸水' is okay, but '把水煮沸' is better Chinese in most instructional contexts.
Finally, watch out for collocation errors. People sometimes try to use '煮沸' with '茶' (tea) directly. While you boil the water for the tea, you don't usually '煮沸' the tea itself unless you are making a specific kind of boiled tea. Usually, you '泡茶' (steep tea) after you '烧开水' (boil water).
- Register Mismatch
- Using '煮沸' in a restaurant when asking for hot water will make you sound like a scientist. Just ask for '热水' (rèshuǐ) or '开水' (kāishuǐ).
To summarize: Use 煮沸 for instructions, science, and hygiene. Use 煮 for cooking food. Use 烧开 for making tea or coffee at home. Use 沸腾 for the state of bubbling or metaphorical excitement.
Chinese has several words for 'boiling' and 'cooking,' each with a specific nuance. Understanding these will help you choose the right word for the right situation.
- 煮 (zhǔ)
- The general word for 'to cook' in water. It focuses on the food being prepared. Example: 煮饺子 (boil dumplings).
- 烧开 (shāokāi)
- The most common way to say 'boil water' in daily life. '烧' means to heat/burn, and '开' indicates the water has 'opened' or reached its limit. Example: 把水烧开。
- 沸腾 (fèiténg)
- Describes the state of a liquid bubbling vigorously. It is also used metaphorically for high emotions or a lively atmosphere. Example: 沸腾的热血 (boiling blood/passion).
锅里的水已经沸腾了。 (The water in the pot is already boiling.)
If you are looking for a word that means to 'simmer' or 'stew' rather than a hard boil, you would use 炖 (dùn) or 熬 (áo). 熬 is specifically used for things that take a long time, like porridge or traditional medicine, often until the liquid thickens.
Comparing 煮沸 with 消毒 (xiāodú - disinfect) is also useful, as they often appear together. While 煮沸 is the method, 消毒 is the goal. You '煮沸' the water to '消毒' the bottle.
- 滚 (gǔn)
- A very colloquial way to say 'boiling.' '水滚了' means 'the water is rolling/boiling.' Be careful: '滚' also means 'get out!' or 'scram!' in an angry context.
In summary, 煮沸 stands out as the precise, action-oriented term for bringing liquid to a boil, usually for health or chemical reasons. It lacks the domestic warmth of 烧开 and the dramatic energy of 沸腾, but it provides the exactness needed for instructions and science.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
In ancient Chinese, '煮' and '蒸' (steaming) were the primary methods of food preparation, as frying (炒) didn't become dominant until much later in history.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'fèi' with a flat tone (1st tone) like 'fēi'.
- Confusing 'zhǔ' (3rd tone) with 'zhù' (4th tone).
- Using the English 'b' sound for 'f' in 'fèi'.
- Failing to dip low enough on the 3rd tone of 'zhǔ'.
- Treating 'fèi' as a two-syllable word.
Difficulty Rating
Characters are common but '沸' might be new for very early beginners.
The fire radical (灬) and '弗' component require some practice.
Tone change from 3rd to 4th is standard but needs focus.
Easily distinguishable due to the unique 'f' sound.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Resultative Complements
水煮沸了 (The water has reached the state of being boiled).
The 'Ba' Construction
把他把牛奶煮沸了 (He boiled the milk).
Duration of Action
煮沸了十分钟 (Boiled for ten minutes).
Passive Voice with 'Bei'
液体被煮沸了 (The liquid was boiled).
Purpose Clauses
煮沸以杀菌 (Boil to kill germs).
Examples by Level
请煮沸水。
Please boil the water.
Simple SVO structure.
水煮沸了。
The water has boiled.
Topic-comment structure with '了' for completed state.
我要煮沸这些水。
I want to boil this water.
Using '要' for intention.
煮沸需要时间。
Boiling takes time.
煮沸 acting as a noun phrase/subject.
不要喝没煮沸的水。
Don't drink unboiled water.
Using '没' to negate the action.
他正在煮沸牛奶。
He is boiling milk.
Continuous action with '正在'.
先把水煮沸。
First boil the water.
Using '先' for sequence.
用煮沸的水冲咖啡。
Use boiled water to make coffee.
煮沸 used as an adjective modifying '水'.
把水煮沸五分钟。
Boil the water for five minutes.
Duration following the verb.
你需要煮沸这瓶水吗?
Do you need to boil this bottle of water?
Question with '吗'.
医生说要煮沸餐具。
The doctor said to boil the utensils.
Reported speech.
将牛奶煮沸,不要烧焦。
Bring the milk to a boil, don't burn it.
Imperative sentence.
煮沸后加入一点盐。
After boiling, add a little salt.
Time phrase '...后'.
这种药要用煮沸的水。
This medicine needs to use boiled water.
Descriptive sentence.
我们把湖水煮沸再喝。
We boil the lake water before drinking.
Using '再' for subsequent action.
他忘记把水煮沸了。
He forgot to boil the water.
Verb + '忘记' structure.
实验前,必须将液体煮沸。
Before the experiment, the liquid must be boiled.
Formal '将' instead of '把'.
煮沸可以杀死大部分细菌。
Boiling can kill most bacteria.
Using '可以' for capability.
请持续煮沸至少十分钟。
Please continue boiling for at least ten minutes.
Adverb '持续' (continuously).
水煮沸时会产生大量蒸汽。
When water boils, it produces a lot of steam.
Time clause '...时'.
他建议把自来水煮沸后再饮用。
He suggests boiling tap water before drinking it.
Complex sentence with '建议'.
这道菜需要将汤底煮沸两次。
This dish requires boiling the soup base twice.
Frequency '两次' after the verb.
如果水没煮沸,千万别喝。
If the water hasn't boiled, definitely don't drink it.
Conditional '如果...就/千万'.
煮沸法是最简单的消毒方式。
The boiling method is the simplest way to disinfect.
煮沸 used in a compound noun '煮沸法'.
该工艺要求将溶液加热并煮沸。
The process requires heating and boiling the solution.
Formal technical language.
煮沸过程中,注意观察温度变化。
During the boiling process, pay attention to temperature changes.
Using '过程中' (in the process of).
这些器械经过煮沸处理后很安全。
These instruments are safe after being treated by boiling.
Using '经过...处理' (after being treated by).
液体被煮沸后,体积会略有缩小。
After the liquid is boiled, its volume will shrink slightly.
Passive voice with '被'.
为了提纯,他将混合物反复煮沸。
For purification, he boiled the mixture repeatedly.
Adverb '反复' (repeatedly).
煮沸不仅能杀菌,还能去除氯气。
Boiling not only kills bacteria but also removes chlorine.
Conjunction '不仅...还' (not only... but also).
请确保水已经完全煮沸。
Please ensure the water has completely boiled.
Using '确保' (ensure) + clause.
这种化学物质在煮沸时会分解。
This chemical substance decomposes when boiled.
Scientific statement.
煮沸是该化学反应的关键诱导步骤。
Boiling is the key induction step for this chemical reaction.
Academic subject phrase.
在高海拔地区,水在较低温度下即可煮沸。
In high-altitude areas, water can be boiled at a lower temperature.
Logical '即可' (can then).
实验室指南明确规定了煮沸的持续时间。
The lab guidelines clearly specify the duration of boiling.
Formal '规定' (stipulate).
通过煮沸,我们可以观察到溶质的析出。
Through boiling, we can observe the precipitation of the solute.
Prepositional phrase '通过...' (through/by).
这种方法利用煮沸产生的热能进行驱动。
This method utilizes the thermal energy generated by boiling to drive the process.
Complex causal structure.
煮沸后的残留物需进行进一步分析。
The residue after boiling needs to undergo further analysis.
Noun phrase '煮沸后的残留物'.
尽管已经煮沸,但该液体的毒性依然存在。
Despite having been boiled, the liquid's toxicity remains.
Concessive '尽管...但' (although... but).
煮沸操作必须在通风橱内进行。
The boiling operation must be carried out inside a fume hood.
Formal '进行' (to carry out).
煮沸这一物理现象在热力学研究中至关重要。
The physical phenomenon of boiling is crucial in thermodynamic research.
Highly formal academic tone.
文章详尽探讨了煮沸对蛋白质结构的影响。
The article explores in detail the effects of boiling on protein structure.
Use of '详尽探讨' (explore in detail).
若非经过严格煮沸,此样本恐难逃污染之虞。
If it hadn't undergone strict boiling, this sample would likely have been contaminated.
Literary/Formal '若非...恐' construction.
煮沸过程中的相变动力学是本课题的核心。
The phase transition kinetics during the boiling process is the core of this project.
Specialized terminology.
该设备旨在精确控制煮沸时的瞬时压力。
The device is designed to precisely control the instantaneous pressure during boiling.
Precision-focused language.
煮沸所引发的对流循环加速了物质交换。
The convective circulation triggered by boiling accelerates mass exchange.
Passive/Causal '所引发的'.
在极端条件下,煮沸的临界点会发生偏移。
Under extreme conditions, the critical point of boiling will shift.
Technical '偏移' (shift/offset).
煮沸不仅是净化手段,更是能量转化的媒介。
Boiling is not just a means of purification, but a medium for energy transformation.
Philosophical/Technical '更是'.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— After boiling. Used to sequence actions.
煮沸后加入调料。
— To boil something. The standard formal structure.
将自来水煮沸。
— Boil until a certain state or time.
煮沸至水干。
— Unboiled/Not yet boiled.
这水还没煮沸。
— Boiled water. Used as a noun phrase.
用煮沸的水冲洗。
— To re-boil.
水凉了,重新煮沸吧。
— Boil for five minutes.
请煮沸五分钟。
— The process of boiling.
煮沸过程很短。
— Treated by boiling.
经过煮沸处理。
— Sterilization by boiling.
煮沸杀菌很有效。
Idioms & Expressions
— A state of great noise and confusion, like a boiling pot.
菜市场里沸反盈天。
Literary— To stop boiling by stirring the soup—a temporary fix that doesn't solve the root problem.
这只是扬汤止沸,不能根本解决问题。
Formal— To take away the firewood from under the pot—to solve a problem at its source (the opposite of boiling).
我们要釜底抽薪,彻底解决此事。
Formal— The noise of a crowd like a boiling cauldron.
广场上人声鼎沸。
Descriptive— One's blood is boiling with excitement or passion.
听了演讲,我热血沸腾。
Emotional— Public feeling is boiling over with indignation or excitement.
消息传出,群情激沸。
Formal— Like fire and boiling water—a situation that is intense and developing rapidly.
革命形势如火如沸。
Literary— Fanning the fire to stop the boiling—an absurdly counterproductive action.
你这样做无异于扇火止沸。
Literary— Using hot water to stop boiling—ineffective.
这个办法是以汤止沸。
Literary— At a time of great turmoil or peak activity.
在局势鼎沸之时,他保持了冷静。
FormalSentence Patterns
把 [东西] 煮沸。
把水煮沸。
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a pot (煮) over a fire (灬) with water (氵) that is flying (弗) out as bubbles (沸).
Visual Association
Picture a kettle whistling loudly with steam pouring out; that's the moment of 煮沸.
Word Web
Challenge
Go to your kitchen, point at a kettle, and say '我要把水煮沸' out loud three times.
Word Origin
The character 煮 (zhǔ) contains the 'fire' radical (灬) at the bottom and '者' (zhě) as a phonetic/semantic component. 沸 (fèi) contains the 'water' radical (氵) on the left and '弗' (fú) as a phonetic component. Together they describe fire under water.
Original meaning: To heat water until it bubbles.
Sino-TibetanCultural Context
Be careful not to sound too clinical in social settings; '烧开水' is friendlier than '煮沸水'.
In English-speaking countries, people usually only boil water for tea/coffee or cooking, rarely drinking it plain while hot.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Cooking
- 把汤煮沸
- 煮沸后关火
- 加入煮沸的水
- 牛奶煮沸
Health/Hygiene
- 煮沸消毒
- 饮用水煮沸
- 煮沸杀菌
- 餐具煮沸
Science Lab
- 加热至煮沸
- 观察煮沸现象
- 煮沸溶液
- 持续煮沸
Medicine
- 中药煮沸
- 煮沸处理
- 器械煮沸
- 煮沸十分钟
Travel/Outdoors
- 野外煮沸水
- 煮沸净水
- 确保煮沸
- 没煮沸不能喝
Conversation Starters
"你在喝水前会把水煮沸吗? (Do you boil water before drinking?)"
"为什么医生建议煮沸婴儿的奶瓶? (Why do doctors suggest boiling baby bottles?)"
"在你的国家,人们直接喝自来水还是先煮沸? (In your country, do people drink tap water directly or boil it first?)"
"煮沸一升水通常需要多长时间? (How long does it usually take to boil a liter of water?)"
"除了消毒,煮沸水还有什么用途? (Besides disinfection, what other uses does boiling water have?)"
Journal Prompts
描述一次你在野外不得不煮沸湖水来喝的经历。 (Describe a time you had to boil lake water to drink in the wild.)
写一段关于如何正确煮沸中药的说明。 (Write a set of instructions on how to correctly boil traditional medicine.)
讨论煮沸水在人类公共卫生历史中的重要性。 (Discuss the importance of boiling water in the history of human public health.)
如果你在实验室工作,你会如何记录一次煮沸实验? (If you worked in a lab, how would you record a boiling experiment?)
对比‘煮沸’和‘烧开’在不同场合的使用。 (Compare the use of '煮沸' and '烧开' in different occasions.)
Summary
煮沸 (zhǔfèi) is your go-to word for 'boiling' when safety, sterilization, or technical accuracy is involved. For example: '请将饮用水煮沸以杀灭细菌' (Please boil the drinking water to kill bacteria).
- 煮沸 (zhǔfèi) is a formal verb meaning 'to boil a liquid' to its boiling point.
- It is commonly used in instructions for hygiene, science, and precise cooking.
- Unlike '煮' (cook), it focuses on the state of the liquid rather than the food.
- It is most naturally used in the '把' construction: '把水煮沸'.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More food words
一两
B1Fifty grams; a Chinese unit of weight (approx. 50g).
一斤
B1Half a kilogram; a Chinese unit of weight (approx. 500g).
一袋
B1A bag of.
少一点儿
A2A bit less.
多一点儿
A2A bit more.
一口
B1A mouthful; a bite; a small amount (of food or drink).
一瓶
B1A bottle of.
一碗
B1Measure word for a bowl of food.
一盒
B1A box of.
一杯
B1Measure word for a cup of liquid.