B2 adjective Neutral 1 min read

富余

fuyu /fù yú/

Fu Yu signifies having more than what is needed, indicating a surplus of resources, time, or energy.

Word in 30 Seconds

  • More than enough; surplus quantity.
  • Used for money, time, resources.
  • Implies availability beyond immediate needs.

Overview

“富余”是一个形容词,用来描述某物数量上的充裕,即超过了必需或预期的数量,有多余的部分。它强调的是一种盈余状态,表示有剩余的资源可以支配或备用。这个词语在日常生活中和一些正式场合都有广泛的应用,尤其是在谈论经济、时间或物资等方面。

“富余”通常用作谓语或定语。作为谓语时,它后面可以跟名词,表示“有...富余”。作为定语时,它修饰名词,表示“富余的...”

**作谓语**:

  • 时间富余:表示有空闲的时间。
  • 资金富余:表示有结余的钱。
  • 物资富余:表示有剩余的物品。

**作定语**:

  • 富余的精力:指有额外的精力可以投入到其他事情上。
  • 富余的劳动力:指有超过当前需求的劳动力。
  • 富余的生产能力:指生产能力超过了实际生产需求。

“富余”经常出现在以下语境中:

  • 经济与财务:讨论预算、储蓄、投资时,如“经过一年的努力,公司账目上有了不少富余的资金。”
  • 时间管理:安排日程、规划活动时,如“我今天的工作提前完成了,时间很富余。”
  • 资源分配:谈论物资、人力等资源时,如“由于丰收,今年的粮食非常富余。”
  • 个人发展:描述个人状态,如“他有很多富余的精力去学习新技能。”

**剩余 (shèng yú)**:

  • “剩余”更侧重于“剩下”的部分,不一定强调“多于需要”。它可以是正好剩下,也可以是多余剩下。
  • 例:盘子里只剩下几个苹果。(不一定富余)
  • 例:这次活动结束后,我们还有一些剩余的物资。(可能富余)

**结余 (jié yú)**:

  • “结余”主要用于财务或经济方面,指收入或所得超过支出或花费的部分,强调的是财务上的盈余。
  • 例:这个月的工资有很大一部分是结余。(财务盈余)
  • “富余”比“结余”的范围更广,可以用于时间、精力等非财务方面。

**充裕 (chōng yù)**:

  • “充裕”形容供应充足,足够使用,强调的是“充足”和“足够”,与“富余”的“多于需要”略有不同,但很多情况下可以互换。
  • 例:时间充裕,我们可以慢慢来。(表示足够)
  • 例:他有充裕的资金进行投资。(表示足够,可能也意味着富余)
  • “富余”更强调“多出来”的部分,而“充裕”更强调“足够”。

Examples

1

今年收成好,粮食非常富余,可以支援周边地区。

everyday

This year's harvest was good, and there's a surplus of grain, which can be used to support neighboring regions.

2

在保证完成本职工作的前提下,我们还有富余的时间可以进行技能培训。

formal

While ensuring the completion of our main duties, we still have ample spare time for skills training.

3

他刚加完班,感觉脑子有点晕,没什么富余的精力再去想别的事情了。

informal

He just finished overtime and feels a bit dizzy; he doesn't have much leftover energy to think about other things.

4

研究表明,充足的睡眠能为大脑提供富余的能量,以应对第二天的挑战。

academic

Research indicates that adequate sleep provides the brain with surplus energy to cope with the challenges of the next day.

Common Collocations

时间富余 time surplus / ample time
资金富余 financial surplus / surplus funds
精力富余 surplus energy / ample energy
物资富余 surplus materials / abundant resources

Common Phrases

时间很富余

Have plenty of time

资金富余

Surplus funds

精力富余

Have excess energy

Often Confused With

富余 vs 剩余

'剩余' (shèng yú) simply means 'remaining' or 'left over', without necessarily implying an excess beyond need. '富余' (fù yú) specifically means 'more than enough' or 'surplus'.

富余 vs 结余

'结余' (jié yú) is primarily used in financial contexts to mean 'surplus' or 'balance' (income over expenditure). '富余' is broader and can apply to time, energy, and materials as well.

Grammar Patterns

时间/资金/精力/物资 + 很/非常/十分 + 富余 有 + 富余的 + 名词 名词 + 富余

How to Use It

Usage Notes

This adjective is commonly used to describe a positive state of having more than is needed. It can refer to tangible things like money and resources, as well as intangible concepts like time and energy. The term generally carries a positive connotation, suggesting comfort and availability.


Common Mistakes

Be careful not to confuse '富余' (surplus) with '剩余' (remaining) or '不足' (lacking). Ensure the context implies an excess beyond the required amount. Avoid using it where only sufficiency is meant.

Tips

💡

Think Surplus, Not Just Enough

Remember '富余' means having more than enough, a comfortable excess, rather than just being sufficient.

⚠️

Avoid Overusing in Negative Contexts

While '富余' implies surplus, avoid using it in contexts where the surplus is problematic or unwanted, unless specified.

🌍

Cultural Value of Abundance

In Chinese culture, having '富余' (surplus) is often seen as a sign of prosperity, stability, and good fortune.

Word Origin

The character '富' (fù) historically relates to wealth and abundance. '余' (yú) means 'remainder' or 'surplus'. Combined, '富余' literally signifies having a rich remainder, an abundant surplus.

Cultural Context

In many Chinese-speaking societies, having '富余' is highly valued as it signifies financial security, stability, and the ability to provide for oneself and family, reflecting traditional values of prudence and prosperity.

Memory Tip

Think of '富' (fù - rich, abundant) and '余' (yú - surplus, remainder). Together, they vividly paint a picture of having abundant resources left over.

Frequently Asked Questions

4 questions

“富余”强调的是数量超过了实际需要,有多余的部分,常带有积极或宽裕的意味。“剩余”则更中性,指剩下未用完的部分,不一定意味着多于需要。

“富余”可以用在很多方面,比如金钱(资金富余)、时间(时间富余)、物质(物资富余)、精力(精力富余)等,只要是数量上超过了需求的都可以使用。

两者都表示数量充足。“充裕”强调的是足够使用,而“富余”则更进一步,强调的是有多余的部分。在很多情况下可以互换使用,但“富余”更侧重于盈余。

是的,“富余”在口语和书面语中都比较常用,尤其是在谈论经济状况、时间安排或资源分配时,是很自然的表达方式。

Test Yourself

fill blank

经过一年的辛勤工作,公司在财务上有了可观的______。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: c

“结余”特指收入超过支出的财务盈余,最符合语境。

multiple choice

以下哪个句子最准确地表达了“有多余的时间”?

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: b

“时间富余”直接表达了有超出需求的空闲时间。

sentence building

请选择最自然的搭配:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: b

“精力富余”是常见的搭配,表示有额外的精力可以投入到其他活动中。

Score: /3

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