B2 Prepositions & Connectors 7 min read Medium

Spanish Time Prepositions: Since vs. For (desde, desde hace, hace... que)

Distinguish between 'when' (desde) and 'how long' (desde hace/hace que) to talk about ongoing past actions.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'desde' for a starting point, 'desde hace' for duration up to the present, and 'hace... que' for elapsed time.

  • Desde + [point in time]: 'Vivo aquí desde 2010' (I have lived here since 2010).
  • Desde hace + [duration]: 'Vivo aquí desde hace cinco años' (I have lived here for five years).
  • Hace + [duration] + que + [verb]: 'Hace cinco años que vivo aquí' (It has been five years that I live here).
Desde 📅 | Desde hace ⏱️ | Hace ⏳ + que

Overview

Ever found yourself staring at a WhatsApp message from a friend, wondering how to say you’ve been waiting for their reply since breakfast? Or maybe you’re trying to brag about how long you’ve been following that viral TikTok chef? In English, we usually just flip between "since" and "for," but Spanish likes to be a little more precise.

It’s the difference between pointing at a specific square on a calendar and measuring a literal block of time. If you’ve ever mixed up desde and desde hace, don't worry—you aren't alone. Even intermediate learners trip over these three little words because they all seem to do the same job.

But here’s the secret: they each have a very specific "best friend" in the sentence. One loves dates, one loves quantities, and the other loves to start the party at the beginning of the sentence. Getting this right is like upgrading from a basic filter to a professional grade preset for your Spanish fluency.

It makes your stories about travel, work, and Netflix binges sound way more natural. Plus, you’ll stop sounding like a translation app and start sounding like someone who actually lives the language. Let's get these time markers sorted so you can stop guessing and start chatting.

How This Grammar Works

Think of these prepositions as a bridge connecting your past to your present. In Spanish, when an action started in the past and is still happening right now, we use specific structures that often translate to the English "have been doing." The tricky part is that while English uses the present perfect progressive ("I have been living"), Spanish often sticks to the simple present tense. Why?
Because the action is still very much alive and kicking!
  • Desde is your "laser pointer." Use it when you want to point to a specific moment or event. It’s for the "when."
  • Desde hace is your "tape measure." Use it to measure the length of time that has passed. It’s for the "how long."
  • Hace... que is just a stylish way to flip the sentence around. It puts the focus on the duration first.
Imagine you’re at a music festival. You arrived at 2 PM (desde las dos). You’ve been there for five hours (desde hace cinco horas).
Or, if you want to sound more emphatic: "It's been five hours since I've been here" (hace cinco horas que estoy aquí). All three tell the same story, but they use different tools to do it. The grammar here isn't just about rules; it's about perspective.
Are you looking at the clock or the calendar? That decision dictates which word you grab from your mental toolbox.

Formation Pattern

1
Setting these up in a sentence is easier than choosing a Netflix movie on a Friday night. Just follow these steps:
2
For a specific point (Since):
3
Verb (Present) + desde + Specific Moment
4
Example: Vivo + desde + enero. (I’ve lived [here] since January.)
5
For a duration (For):
6
Verb (Present) + desde hace + Quantity of Time
7
Example: Estudio + desde hace + tres meses. (I’ve been studying for three months.)
8
For the emphatic flip (It’s been...):
9
Hace + Quantity of Time + que + Verb (Present)
10
Example: Hace + dos años + que + no fumo. (It’s been two years since I haven't smoked / I haven't smoked for two years.)
11
Notice how the verb stays in the present tense? That’s the golden rule. Since you are still doing the action, Spanish keeps the verb in the "now." If you were to use the past tense here, you'd be talking about something that ended, which is a whole different ballgame. Keep it present, keep it simple, and let the prepositions do the heavy lifting of showing the time connection.

When To Use It

When are you actually going to use these? Pretty much every time you talk about your life!
  • Social Media: "I’ve been on this app since 2012." (Estoy en esta app desde 2010).
  • Job Interviews: "I’ve been working as a dev for five years." (Soy desarrollador desde hace cinco años).
  • Health & Fitness: "I’ve been going to the gym since the start of the year." (Voy al gimnasio desde principios de año).
  • Modern Dating: "We’ve been talking on WhatsApp for weeks!" (Hace semanas que hablamos por WhatsApp).
In Latin America, you might hear hace... que slightly more often in casual conversation because it feels more rhythmic. In Spain, desde hace is the bread and butter of daily talk.
Whether you're ordering food via an app and wondering why it's taking so long (¡Hace media hora que pedí!) or telling a friend about your new favorite show (La veo desde hace una semana), these patterns are everywhere. They help you define your timeline and give context to your current state. Without them, you’re just stating facts without a history.
With them, you’re telling a story.

Common Mistakes

The biggest trap? Using desde with a duration. You can't say desde tres años. That sounds like saying "since three years" in English, which is a one-way ticket to Confusion-ville.
  • The "Since" Trap: Never use desde with hours, days, or months unless it’s a specific one (like desde el lunes vs desde hace dos días).
  • The Tense Trap: Don’t use the past tense if the action is still happening. If you say Viví aquí desde hace un año, you're saying you lived there (and stopped), but then using a duration marker that implies you're still there. It's a grammatical glitch.
  • The "Que" Omission: When using the hace... que structure, don't forget the que! It’s the glue that holds the time and the action together.
  • Gender Agreement: Remember that hora is feminine, so it's desde hace una hora, not un hora.
One more thing: don't confuse desde hace with hace. Hace on its own means "ago" (e.g., hace tres días = three days ago). Adding that desde changes the meaning from "it happened then" to "it started then and is still going."

Contrast With Similar Patterns

To really master this, you need to see how it stacks up against other time-related phrases.
| Pattern | Meaning | Action Status | Tense Used |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Desde | Since | Ongoing | Present |
| Desde hace | For | Ongoing | Present |
| Hace... que | It's been... | Ongoing | Present |
| Hace (alone) | Ago | Finished | Preterite |
| Llevar + Gerund | Have been doing | Ongoing | Present |
Wait, what’s that last one? Llevar + gerund (like Llevo viviendo aquí tres años) is a super common B2-level way to express the same thing as desde hace. It’s like the cool, slangy cousin of the group.
While desde hace focuses on the starting point and duration, llevar focuses on the accumulation of time. Use desde hace for a more neutral statement, and llevar when you want to emphasize the effort or the length of time you've put into something.
Also, remember that desde que is used before a full clause (subject + verb), while desde is just for nouns or dates. For example: Desde que llegué (Since I arrived) vs Desde mi llegada (Since my arrival).

Quick FAQ

Q

Can I use desde hace with the negative?

Absolutely! No fumo desde hace un año means you haven't smoked for a year and still don't.

Q

Is there a difference between hace tres años que vivo aquí and vivo aquí desde hace tres años?

Not in meaning, just in emphasis. The first one highlights the "three years," the second highlights the "living here."

Q

Can I say desde siempre?

Yes! It means "since always" or "forever." It's very common in songs and romantic texts.

Q

What about hace poco?

That means "a little while ago" or "recently." It usually refers to a finished action, so use the Preterite: Llegué hace poco (I arrived recently).

Q

Do I need the article with days?

Yes, use desde el lunes (since Monday) but just desde ayer (since yesterday) because "yesterday" doesn't need an article.

Q

Why does my teacher keep correcting desde 2020 to desde hace 2020?

They probably aren't! Desde 2020 is correct. If they are correcting it, you might be accidentally giving a duration like "2020 days" instead of the year! Just stick to the year for desde.

Temporal Construction Patterns

Structure Usage Tense Example
Desde
Point in time
Present
Vivo aquí desde 2010
Desde hace
Duration
Present
Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años
Hace... que
Duration/Elapsed
Present/Preterite
Hace 5 años que vivo aquí

Meanings

These structures express actions that began in the past and continue into the present, or measure the time elapsed since an event.

1

Starting point

Indicates the specific moment an action began.

“Vivo en Madrid desde enero.”

“Trabajo aquí desde el lunes.”

2

Duration (Present)

Indicates the length of time an action has been ongoing.

“Espero desde hace una hora.”

“Llevo estudiando desde hace mucho tiempo.”

3

Elapsed Time

Measures the time passed since an event occurred.

“Hace dos años que me casé.”

“Hace mucho que no te veo.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Spanish Time Prepositions: Since vs. For (desde, desde hace, hace... que)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Desde + [Point]
Estudio desde el lunes
Affirmative
Desde hace + [Duration]
Estudio desde hace 2 días
Affirmative
Hace + [Duration] + que
Hace 2 días que estudio
Negative
No + Verb + desde
No salgo desde ayer
Negative
Hace + [Duration] + que + no
Hace un mes que no salgo
Question
¿Desde cuándo...?
¿Desde cuándo vives aquí?
Question
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que...?
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que vives aquí?

Formality Spectrum

Formal
Presto mis servicios en esta entidad desde hace tres años.

Presto mis servicios en esta entidad desde hace tres años. (Work environment)

Neutral
Trabajo aquí desde hace tres años.

Trabajo aquí desde hace tres años. (Work environment)

Informal
Llevo tres años trabajando aquí.

Llevo tres años trabajando aquí. (Work environment)

Slang
Tres años dándole a esto.

Tres años dándole a esto. (Work environment)

Temporal Prepositions Map

Time Markers

Start Point

  • desde since

Duration

  • desde hace for

Elapsed

  • hace... que it's been... that

Desde vs Hace

Desde
desde 2020 since 2020
Desde hace
desde hace 2 años for 2 years

Examples by Level

1

Vivo aquí desde 2010.

I have lived here since 2010.

2

Estudio español desde enero.

I have studied Spanish since January.

3

Hace un año que vivo aquí.

It's been a year that I live here.

4

Trabajo desde hace dos días.

I have worked for two days.

1

No como carne desde hace meses.

I haven't eaten meat for months.

2

Hace mucho que no viajo.

It's been a long time since I traveled.

3

Espero el autobús desde las ocho.

I've been waiting for the bus since eight.

4

Hace dos horas que espero.

I've been waiting for two hours.

1

Llevo viviendo aquí desde hace años.

I have been living here for years.

2

Hace tres años que terminé la carrera.

It's been three years since I finished my degree.

3

No nos vemos desde la boda.

We haven't seen each other since the wedding.

4

Hace tiempo que no salimos.

It's been a while since we went out.

1

La empresa opera desde hace décadas.

The company has been operating for decades.

2

Hace mucho que se debió resolver este problema.

It's been a long time since this problem should have been solved.

3

Desde que llegué, no he parado.

Since I arrived, I haven't stopped.

4

Hace meses que no se sabe nada de él.

It's been months since anything was known about him.

1

Hace ya un lustro que residimos en el extranjero.

It's been five years since we've resided abroad.

2

Desde tiempos inmemoriales, esta tradición persiste.

Since time immemorial, this tradition persists.

3

Hace mucho que debimos haber tomado medidas.

It's been a long time since we should have taken measures.

4

Desde que se implementó la ley, todo ha cambiado.

Since the law was implemented, everything has changed.

1

Hace eones que no se producía tal fenómeno.

It's been eons since such a phenomenon occurred.

2

Desde antaño, la ciudad ha sido un centro cultural.

Since olden times, the city has been a cultural center.

3

Hace tiempo que esta cuestión dejó de ser relevante.

It's been a while since this issue ceased to be relevant.

4

Desde la perspectiva actual, es comprensible.

From the current perspective, it is understandable.

Easily Confused

Spanish Time Prepositions: Since vs. For (desde, desde hace, hace... que) vs Desde vs. Desde hace

Learners mix up points in time and durations.

Spanish Time Prepositions: Since vs. For (desde, desde hace, hace... que) vs Desde hace vs. Hace... que

They mean the same but have different word orders.

Spanish Time Prepositions: Since vs. For (desde, desde hace, hace... que) vs Present vs. Past

Using past tense for ongoing actions.

Common Mistakes

Vivo aquí desde cinco años.

Vivo aquí desde hace cinco años.

Need 'hace' for duration.

He vivido aquí desde hace cinco años.

Vivo aquí desde hace cinco años.

Use present tense for ongoing.

Desde 2020 que vivo aquí.

Vivo aquí desde 2020.

Don't mix structures.

Hace cinco años vivo aquí.

Hace cinco años que vivo aquí.

Need 'que'.

Trabajé aquí desde hace años.

Trabajo aquí desde hace años.

Present tense required.

Desde hace el lunes.

Desde el lunes.

No 'hace' with points.

Hace que dos años vivo aquí.

Hace dos años que vivo aquí.

Word order.

Hace mucho tiempo que no he ido.

Hace mucho tiempo que no voy.

Present tense preferred.

Desde que he llegado, estoy cansado.

Desde que llegué, estoy cansado.

Preterite for start point.

Hace años que no lo vi.

Hace años que no lo veo.

Present tense for ongoing.

Desde que se ha implementado la norma...

Desde que se implementó la norma...

Preterite for specific past event.

Hace tiempo que se debió haber resuelto.

Hace tiempo que se debió resolver.

Simpler infinitive.

Desde hace mucho que no se sabe.

Hace mucho que no se sabe.

Structure mismatch.

Desde que era niño, vivo aquí.

Vivo aquí desde que era niño.

Word order for clarity.

Sentence Patterns

Vivo en ___ desde ___.

Trabajo aquí desde hace ___.

Hace ___ que no ___.

Desde que ___, todo ha cambiado.

Real World Usage

Job Interview very common

Trabajo en este sector desde hace diez años.

Texting constant

Hace mil que no hablamos!

Travel common

Espero el tren desde las diez.

Social Media common

Desde 2015 compartiendo mis viajes.

Food Delivery occasional

Espero mi pedido desde hace una hora.

Doctor's Office common

Tengo dolor desde hace tres días.

💡

Check the Tense

If the action is still happening, use the present tense. If it's finished, use the preterite.
⚠️

Avoid 'Por'

Don't use 'por' for duration in these structures. It's incorrect.
🎯

Use 'hace... que' for variety

It makes your sentences sound more sophisticated than just using 'desde hace'.
💬

Regional variations

In Spain, 'Llevo + time + gerundio' is a great alternative.

Smart Tips

Use 'Llevo + time + gerundio' in Spain for a very native sound.

Vivo aquí desde hace tres años. Llevo tres años viviendo aquí.

Put the duration at the start of the sentence with 'hace... que'.

Vivo aquí desde hace cinco años. Hace cinco años que vivo aquí.

Always pair 'desde' with a fixed point.

Vivo aquí desde hace 2010. Vivo aquí desde 2010.

Use 'transcurrir' instead of 'hace' in formal writing.

Hace mucho que no hablamos. Ha transcurrido mucho tiempo desde nuestra última conversación.

Pronunciation

/ˈdes.ðe/

Desde

The 'd' is soft, almost like the 'th' in 'the'.

Declarative

Vivo aquí desde 2010 ↘

Finality and factual statement.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Desde is for Dates (D-D), Hace is for How long (H-H).

Visual Association

Imagine a calendar for 'desde' and a stopwatch for 'hace'.

Rhyme

Desde for the date you start, Hace for the time you part.

Story

Maria moved to Spain in 2020. She says 'Vivo aquí desde 2020'. Now it is 2025. She says 'Vivo aquí desde hace cinco años'. Her friend asks, '¿Cuánto tiempo hace que vives aquí?'

Word Web

desdehacecuándotiempoañosmesesdías

Challenge

Write 3 sentences about your life using each of the three structures.

Cultural Notes

The 'Llevo + time + gerundio' structure is very common in Spain as an alternative to 'desde hace'.

The 'hace... que' construction is extremely frequent in daily speech.

Speakers often use 'desde hace' with a slightly different emphasis on the duration.

These constructions derive from Latin temporal markers.

Conversation Starters

¿Desde cuándo estudias español?

¿Cuánto tiempo hace que vives en tu ciudad?

¿Desde hace cuánto tiempo tienes tu trabajo actual?

¿Hace mucho que no visitas a tu familia?

Journal Prompts

Describe your current job or studies.
Write about a hobby you started years ago.
Reflect on a change in your life.
Discuss a long-term goal you have been pursuing.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with desde or desde hace.

Vivo aquí ___ 2015.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: desde
2015 is a point in time.
Choose the correct verb tense. Multiple Choice

Trabajo aquí desde hace años. (Trabajo / Trabajé)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Trabajo
Ongoing action requires present.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Vivo aquí desde hace cinco años. (Correct or Incorrect?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct
This is correct.
Transform to 'hace... que'. Sentence Transformation

Vivo aquí desde hace cinco años.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hace cinco años que vivo aquí
Correct structure.
Match the structure to its meaning. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Point vs Duration
Desde is point, desde hace is duration.
Select the correct preposition. Multiple Choice

No fumo ___ un mes.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: desde hace
Duration requires desde hace.
Fill in the missing word.

Hace dos años ___ vivo aquí.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: que
Hace... que structure.
Transform to 'desde'. Sentence Transformation

Hace un mes que estudio.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Estudio desde hace un mes
Correct transformation.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with desde or desde hace.

Vivo aquí ___ 2015.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: desde
2015 is a point in time.
Choose the correct verb tense. Multiple Choice

Trabajo aquí desde hace años. (Trabajo / Trabajé)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Trabajo
Ongoing action requires present.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Vivo aquí desde hace cinco años. (Correct or Incorrect?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct
This is correct.
Transform to 'hace... que'. Sentence Transformation

Vivo aquí desde hace cinco años.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hace cinco años que vivo aquí
Correct structure.
Match the structure to its meaning. Match Pairs

Desde vs Desde hace

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Point vs Duration
Desde is point, desde hace is duration.
Select the correct preposition. Multiple Choice

No fumo ___ un mes.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: desde hace
Duration requires desde hace.
Fill in the missing word.

Hace dos años ___ vivo aquí.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: que
Hace... que structure.
Transform to 'desde'. Sentence Transformation

Hace un mes que estudio.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Estudio desde hace un mes
Correct transformation.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Translate to Spanish Translation

I have been waiting for an hour.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Espero desde hace una hora.
Reorder the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

que / hace / no / meses / llueve / tres

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hace tres meses que no llueve.
Fill in the blank Fill in the Blank

No te veo ____ el año pasado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: desde
Which one describes a finished action? Multiple Choice

Select the sentence that means 'three days ago':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Fui al cine hace tres días.
Match the Spanish phrase to its English equivalent. Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All matches are correct.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

No como carne desde que era niño.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The original sentence is already correct.
Choose the best option. Fill in the Blank

____ cinco minutos que pedí la cuenta.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hace
Select the natural response. Multiple Choice

¿Cuánto tiempo llevas viviendo aquí?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Desde 2018.
Translate 'Since when?' Translation

¿Desde cuándo?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¿Desde cuándo?
Build the sentence. Sentence Reorder

hace / no / desde / fumo / poco

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

No, 'hace... que' is a fixed construction.

Yes, it is used for ongoing actions.

Use the preterite and a different structure like 'hace dos años terminé'.

It marks the start of the timeline.

No, that is a common mistake.

It is neutral and used everywhere.

Use '¿Desde cuándo?' or '¿Cuánto tiempo hace que...?'

Yes, Spain uses 'Llevo + gerundio' often.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English partial

Since / For

Spanish requires present tense for ongoing actions, while English uses present perfect.

French high

Depuis

Spanish has more specific markers for duration.

German moderate

Seit

German syntax is more rigid regarding word order.

Japanese low

Kara / Made

Japanese is agglutinative, Spanish is prepositional.

Arabic moderate

mundhu

Arabic has a different verbal system for time.

Chinese low

cóng / yǐjīng

Chinese lacks verb conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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