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B1 adjective 11 min read

透明

toumei
Examples 透明 in 30 Seconds
Explanation 透明 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should learn 透明 (tōmei) as a simple word to describe objects you can see through. Think of it as the basic Japanese word for 'clear' or 'see-through.' At this stage, you will mostly use it with common items like water (透明な水 - clear water) or glass (透明なガラス - clear glass). You might see it on labels in a store for clear plastic bags or tape. The most important thing to remember is that it is a 'na-adjective.' This means if you want to say 'a clear bag,' you say 透明な袋 (tōmei na fukuro). If you want to say 'The water is clear,' you say 水は透明です (Mizu wa tōmei desu). Don't worry about the abstract meanings like 'political transparency' yet. Just focus on the physical things around you that you can see through. Practice pointing at clear things and saying 'Tōmei!' to build the association. It's a very useful word when you are shopping or describing things you need. For example, if you need a clear plastic folder at a stationery shop, you can ask for a 'tōmei na fairu.' Even at this beginner level, knowing this word helps you be more specific than just saying 'this' or 'that.' It's a building block for describing the world around you in Japanese.
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As an A2 learner, you can start using 透明 (tōmei) in more varied daily contexts. You are likely moving beyond just 'water' and 'glass.' You can now use it to describe things like 透明な傘 (tōmei na kasa - clear umbrellas), which are very famous in Japan. You might notice that many Japanese products emphasize their 'purity' or 'clarity' using this word. At this level, you should also be comfortable with the negative form, 不透明 (futōmei), though mainly in simple physical contexts—like a 'non-transparent' (opaque) bottle. You can start to understand simple compound words like 透明人間 (tōmei ningen - invisible man), which appears in many stories and cartoons. When giving directions or descriptions, you might say something like, 'Look for the building with the 透明なドア (tōmei na doa - transparent door).' You are also beginning to see how 透明 differs from きれい (kirei). While きれい means 'beautiful' or 'clean,' 透明 specifically describes the physical property of being see-through. A window can be 透明 but still dirty! Try to use 透明 to add detail to your descriptions of objects, making your Japanese sound more natural and precise.
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At the B1 level, you should begin to master the metaphorical and social uses of 透明 (tōmei). This is where the word becomes really interesting. You will encounter terms like 透明性 (tōmeisei - transparency) in news articles or discussions about companies and the government. For example, 情報の透明性 (jōhō no tōmeisei) refers to the transparency of information. You are also introduced to the aesthetic concept of 透明感 (tōmeikan), which is frequently used in fashion and beauty to describe a 'translucent' or 'radiant' quality in skin or even a person's aura. Grammatically, you should be comfortable using 透明に (tōmei ni) as an adverb, such as 背景を透明にする (haikei wo tōmei ni suru - to make the background transparent) when talking about computer tasks or art. You should also start distinguishing 透明 from its synonyms like 透き通る (sukitōru). While 透明 is a more formal, objective adjective, 透き通る is a verb that often carries a more poetic or sensory feeling, like describing a clear voice or a beautiful stream. At B1, your goal is to use 透明 not just for physical objects, but to discuss honesty, openness, and modern social values. This shows that you understand the deeper nuances of Japanese vocabulary.
By the B2 level, you are expected to use 透明 (tōmei) and its derivatives fluently in professional and academic settings. You should be well-versed in the nuances of 不透明 (futōmei) as it applies to 'uncertainty' or 'lack of clarity' in business and economics. Phrases like 不透明な先行き (futōmei na sakiyuki - an uncertain future outlook) are essential for discussing the economy or political climate. You should also understand the specific use of 透明 in scientific or technical contexts, such as 透明電極 (tōmei denkyoku - transparent electrode) or 透明材料 (tōmei zairyō - transparent materials). Your ability to choose between 透明, 明確 (meikaku - distinct), and 明白 (meihaku - obvious) should be refined. For instance, you would use 明確 for a clear goal, but 透明 for a clear process. You might also encounter the word in literary analysis, where it can represent themes of emptiness, purity, or the 'unseen' forces in society. At this level, you can participate in a debate about 行政の透明性 (gyōsei no tōmeisei - administrative transparency) and argue why it is important for a healthy democracy. You are moving beyond simple description into the realm of abstract thought and professional critique using this versatile word.
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At the C1 level, your understanding of 透明 (tōmei) should include its subtle psychological and philosophical connotations. You can appreciate how the word is used in high-level literature to describe a character's state of mind—perhaps a feeling of being 'transparent' or 'erased' within a crowd. You are also familiar with the historical and cultural evolution of the word, including its kanji roots and how it contrasts with traditional Japanese concepts of 'shadow' and 'obscurity' (as discussed in Jun'ichirō Tanizaki's 'In Praise of Shadows'). In a professional context, you can navigate complex discussions about コーポレートガバナンスの透明性 (corporate governance transparency) with ease, using sophisticated collocations. You understand the difference between 透明 and 純粋 (junsui - pure) in various contexts, recognizing that while they can overlap, 透明 focuses on the lack of obstruction while 純粋 focuses on the lack of mixture. You can also use the word in creative writing to evoke specific moods, such as the 'transparency' of a winter morning or the 'opaque' nature of human emotions. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, showing a deep sensitivity to the word's register and its ability to convey both cold scientific fact and warm poetic imagery.
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At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command of 透明 (tōmei), utilizing it with the precision of a native intellectual. You can engage in deep philosophical discourse on the 'transparency of the self' or the 'transparency of language.' You are capable of interpreting the most nuanced uses of the word in avant-garde poetry or technical research papers in fields like optics or materials science. You understand how the concept of 透明 interacts with Japanese social structures—for instance, the idea of 'invisible' labor or the 'transparency' expected in communal living versus the 'opacity' of private life. You can effortlessly switch between the literal, the metaphorical, the technical, and the poetic meanings of the word. Furthermore, you can critique the use of the word in media, identifying when 'transparency' is being used as a buzzword rather than a genuine call for openness. Your vocabulary includes rare compounds and archaic references related to the kanji 透 and 明. Whether you are delivering a keynote speech on 社会の不透明性 (social opacity) or writing a critique of modern architecture's obsession with 透明な空間 (transparent spaces), you use 透明 as a tool for sophisticated expression, capturing the exact shade of meaning you intend.
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Examples

透明 in 30 Seconds

  • Primary meaning: Physical transparency (clear, see-through).
  • Secondary meaning: Metaphorical openness (honesty, accountability).
  • Grammar: Na-adjective (requires 'na' for nouns, 'de' or 'desu' for endings).
  • Common usage: Clear umbrellas, water clarity, and business transparency.

The Japanese word 透明 (tōmei) is a sophisticated yet common term that primarily translates to 'transparent' or 'clear' in English. Structurally, it is a na-adjective (形容動詞), meaning it requires the particle 'na' when modifying a noun directly, such as in 透明な水 (tōmei na mizu - transparent water). The word is composed of two kanji characters: 透 (tō), which carries the meaning of 'to permeate,' 'to pass through,' or 'to be transparent,' and 明 (mei), which signifies 'bright,' 'light,' or 'clear.' Together, they create a concept of something so clear that light passes through it without obstruction, allowing one to see what lies on the other side. While its most literal application is in the physical world—describing objects like glass, water, or plastic—its usage extends far into the abstract realms of sociology, politics, and aesthetics.

Physical Clarity
This refers to the literal state of an object. If you are looking at a window that is so clean it looks like there is no glass at all, you would describe it as 透明. It is used for liquids that are not murky, gases that are invisible, and solids like crystals or diamonds. In a Japanese kitchen, you might hear a chef describe a high-quality dashi broth as being beautifully 透明, indicating its purity and lack of sediment.

このプラスチックの容器は完全に透明で、中身がよく見えます。(Kono purasuchikku no yōki wa kanzen ni tōmei de, nakami ga yoku miemasu.) - This plastic container is completely transparent, and you can see the contents clearly.

Metaphorical Transparency
In modern Japanese society, much like in English, 透明 is used to discuss the 'transparency' of organizations, government processes, or corporate governance. This is often expressed as 透明性 (tōmeisei - transparency/openness). A company that hides its financial records lacks 透明性. Furthermore, it can describe a person's character or heart (心) as being pure and without hidden agendas, though this is a more poetic or literary usage. In the world of beauty and skincare, the term 透明感 (tōmeikan) is a highly coveted attribute, referring to skin that looks 'translucent,' 'clear,' and 'radiant,' rather than literally see-through.

Culturally, the concept of 透明 is deeply embedded in Japanese aesthetics, which often value minimalism, purity, and the 'unseen.' In literature and anime, the trope of the 透明人間 (tōmei ningen - invisible man) is a staple, representing themes of isolation or the desire to observe the world without being noticed. The word captures the essence of something that exists but does not obstruct, a quality that is admired in both natural landscapes and social interactions where 'reading the air' (kuuki wo yomu) requires a certain level of clarity and lack of ego. Whether you are talking about the clear waters of a mountain stream in Nagano or the need for more open political discourse, 透明 is your essential bridge between the visible and the invisible.

政治の透明性を高めることが、国民の信頼を取り戻す鍵だ。(Seiji no tōmeisei wo takameru koto ga, kokumin no shinkai wo torimodosu kagi da.) - Increasing political transparency is the key to regaining the public's trust.

Using 透明 correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a na-adjective. This means it behaves like a noun in some contexts but functions as an adjective when modifying other words. Understanding these patterns is crucial for moving from basic Japanese to a more natural, B1-level proficiency. Let's break down the primary ways to integrate this word into your speech and writing.

Modifying Nouns (Attributive Use)
When you want to describe a noun as being transparent, you must place な (na) between 透明 and the noun. For example, 透明な袋 (tōmei na fukuro - a transparent bag) or 透明な液体 (tōmei na ekitai - a transparent liquid). This is the most common way you will encounter the word in everyday situations, such as shopping or describing laboratory experiments.

空港の保安検査では、透明なプラスチック袋に液体を入れる必要があります。(Kuukou no hoan kensa dewa, tōmei na purasuchikku bukuro ni ekitai wo ireru hitsuyō ga arimasu.) - At airport security checks, you need to put liquids in a transparent plastic bag.

Ending a Sentence (Predicative Use)
To say 'Something IS transparent,' you follow the word with the copula だ (da) or its polite form です (desu). For instance, このガラスは非常に透明です (Kono garasu wa hijō ni tōmei desu - This glass is extremely transparent). Note that you do NOT use 'na' here. In the past tense, it becomes 透明でした (tōmei deshita - was transparent).

昔のこの川の水は、底の石が見えるほど透明でした。(Mukashi no kono kawa no mizu wa, soko no ishi ga mieru hodo tōmei deshita.) - In the old days, the water in this river was so transparent that you could see the stones at the bottom.

Adverbial Use
By changing 'na' to に (ni), you can use 透明 as an adverb to describe how an action is performed or how a state changes. 透明にする (tōmei ni suru) means 'to make something transparent' or 'to clear something up.' For example, in a photo editing app, you might 'make the background transparent' (haikei wo tōmei ni suru).

Finally, consider the compound form 不透明 (futōmei), created by adding the prefix 'fu-' (not). This is incredibly common in news reports regarding 'opaque' or 'unclear' situations. If a project's future is uncertain, you would say 先行きが不透明だ (sakiyuki ga futōmei da - the future outlook is opaque/unclear). Mastering both the positive and negative forms allows you to describe a wide range of physical and conceptual states with precision.

不純物を取り除いて、液体を透明にした。(Fujunbutsu wo torinozoite, ekitai wo tōmei ni shita.) - I removed the impurities and made the liquid transparent.

The word 透明 isn't just a textbook term; it's vibrant and omnipresent in Japanese daily life, media, and professional environments. Understanding these contexts helps you recognize the word in the wild and use it with the correct 'vibe.' From the mundane to the high-tech, here is where you will encounter it most often.

Daily Shopping and Products
Walk into a 100-yen shop (Daiso or Seria) or a convenience store, and you'll see labels for 透明テープ (tōmei tēpu - transparent tape), 透明ケース (tōmei kēsu - clear cases), and 透明傘 (tōmei gasa - those iconic clear umbrellas seen everywhere in Tokyo on rainy days). Clerks might ask if you want a 透明な袋 for your items. In these contexts, the word is strictly functional and descriptive.

雨の日、渋谷のスクランブル交差点は透明な傘でいっぱいになります。(Ame no hi, Shibuya no sukuranburu kousaten wa tōmei na kasa de ippai ni narimasu.) - On rainy days, Shibuya Crossing becomes filled with transparent umbrellas.

Science and Education
In school or documentaries, 透明 is the standard term for transparency in biology and chemistry. You might hear about 透明な細胞 (tōmei na saibō - transparent cells) or the 透明度 (tōmeido - transparency level/clarity) of a lake. If you visit Lake Mashu in Hokkaido, the guides will constantly boast about its world-class 透明度. Scientists also use it when discussing light refraction and optics.
News, Business, and Politics
This is where you'll hear the abstract side. News anchors often discuss 情報の透明性 (jōhō no tōmeisei - information transparency) or 不透明な決算 (futōmei na kessan - opaque/unclear financial settlements). In business meetings, a manager might say, 'We need to make our decision-making process more 透明.' It carries a weight of accountability and honesty in these professional settings.

Pop culture also embraces the word. From 'The Invisible Man' movies to J-pop songs like 'Tōmei Ningen' by Tokyo Jihen, the word often symbolizes the feeling of being overlooked or having a soul so pure it's invisible. In beauty commercials, watch for the word 透明感 (tōmeikan) splashed across the screen, promising that a lotion will give you clear, radiant skin. Whether you're reading a scientific report, a fashion magazine, or a political critique, 透明 is a high-frequency word that bridges the gap between the physical and the conceptual.

この化粧水を使うと、肌に透明感が出ます。(Kono keshousui wo tsukau to, hada ni tōmeikan ga demasu.) - Using this lotion gives your skin a sense of translucency.

Even intermediate learners often trip up on the nuances of 透明. Because 'clear' in English has so many meanings (clear sky, clear voice, clear explanation), it's easy to over-apply the Japanese word 透明 where it doesn't belong. Let's look at the most frequent errors and how to avoid them.

Mistake 1: 'Clear Sky'
In English, we say 'a clear sky.' If you say 透明な空 (tōmei na sora), a Japanese person will imagine a sky that has literally vanished, or perhaps a sci-fi scenario. For a clear, cloudless sky, use 晴れた空 (hareta sora) or 快晴 (kaisei). 透明 implies you can see through the object, but the sky isn't an object you look through to see something else in the same way.

❌ 透明な空の下でピクニックをした。
✅ 晴れ渡った空の下でピクニックをした。

Mistake 2: 'Clear Explanation'
If a teacher gives a clear explanation, don't use 透明. Instead, use 分かりやすい (wakari yasui - easy to understand) or 明確な (meikaku na - clear/distinct). 透明 refers to the quality of light passing through or the openness of a system, not the clarity of logic or instructions.
Mistake 3: Confusing with 'Kirei'
Learners sometimes use 透明 when they mean 'clean' or 'beautiful.' While clear water is often beautiful, きれい (kirei) is the word for aesthetic beauty or physical cleanliness. 透明 is a specific physical property. You can have 透明 water that is actually full of invisible bacteria—it's clear, but not きれい!

Another subtle mistake is using 透明 for 'clear sound' or 'clear voice.' For audio clarity, the correct term is 澄んだ (sunda - clear/pure) or クリアな (kuria na). For example, 澄んだ声 (sunda koe - a clear/pure voice). By distinguishing between these various types of 'clarity,' you'll sound much more like a native speaker and avoid confusing your listeners with descriptions of invisible voices or see-through explanations.

❌ 彼の説明は透明だった。
✅ 彼の説明は明確だった。(His explanation was clear/distinct.)

To truly master the concept of 'clarity' in Japanese, you need to know the alternatives to 透明 and when to choose them. Japanese has a rich vocabulary for describing different types of transparency and clarity, often with subtle emotional or physical distinctions.

透き通る (Sukitōru)
This is a verb that means 'to be transparent' or 'to be seen through.' While 透明 is a noun/adjective, 透き通る is often used to describe natural beauty. 透き通った青い海 (sukitōtta aoi umi - a transparent blue sea) sounds more poetic and evocative than 透明な海. Use the verb form when you want to emphasize the action of light passing through or the feeling of purity.

彼女の透き通るような歌声に感動した。(Kanojo no sukitōru you na utagoe ni kandou shita.) - I was moved by her voice, which was clear as if you could see through it.

クリア (Kuria)
Borrowed from the English 'clear,' this katakana word is used frequently in modern contexts, especially regarding technology, audio, and gaming. You might talk about a クリアな画質 (kuria na gashitsu - clear image quality) or クリアな音 (kuria na oto - clear sound). It feels more modern and technical than the traditional 透明.
明白 (Meihaku) and 明確 (Meikaku)
These words are used for logical or conceptual clarity. 明白 means 'obvious' or 'clear as day' (e.g., a clear mistake), while 明確 means 'distinct' or 'well-defined' (e.g., a clear goal). If you are talking about facts or plans, reach for these instead of 透明.

Finally, don't forget the opposite, 不透明 (futōmei). While we have 'opaque' in English, 不透明 is used much more broadly in Japanese to mean 'uncertain' or 'shrouded in mystery.' If a sports match outcome is hard to predict, or if a government's motive is hidden, 不透明 is the perfect choice. By learning these synonyms and antonyms, you gain the ability to choose the exact 'flavor' of clarity required for your specific situation.

景気の先行きは依然として不透明だ。(Keiki no sakiyuki wa izentoshite futōmei da.) - The future of the economy remains opaque/uncertain.

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Examples by Level

1

このコップは透明です。

This cup is transparent.

Basic predicative use with 'desu'.

2

透明な水がほしいです。

I want some clear water.

Attributive use with 'na' modifying 'mizu'.

3

透明な袋に入れてください。

Please put it in a transparent bag.

Attributive use with 'na' modifying 'fukuro'.

4

それは透明ですか？

Is that transparent?

Question form of a na-adjective.

5

このガラスは透明じゃないです。

This glass is not transparent.

Negative form 'janai desu'.

6

透明なテープをください。

Please give me some transparent tape.

Common noun phrase 'tōmei na tēpu'.

7

海が透明できれいです。

The sea is transparent and beautiful.

Using 'de' to connect two adjectives (tōmei + kirei).

8

透明なペンケースを買いました。

I bought a transparent pencil case.

Simple past tense verb with an adjective-noun phrase.

1

雨の日は透明な傘を使います。

I use a transparent umbrella on rainy days.

Describing a common daily habit.

2

この箱は透明だから、中が見えます。

Because this box is transparent, you can see inside.

Using 'dakara' (because) with a na-adjective.

3

透明なプラスチックの板を探しています。

I am looking for a transparent plastic sheet.

Adjective modifying a compound noun.

4

金魚鉢の水は透明でなければなりません。

The water in the fishbowl must be transparent.

Must be: 'de nakereba narimasen'.

5

彼は透明人間になりたいと言いました。

He said he wants to become an invisible man.

Noun compound 'tōmei ningen'.

6

この窓ガラスはとても透明で、まるでないようです。

This window glass is so transparent, it's like it's not even there.

Using 'de' to continue the description.

7

もっと透明な色がほしいです。

I want a more transparent color.

Using 'motto' (more) with the adjective.

8

不透明な容器には何を入れましたか？

What did you put in the non-transparent container?

Using the antonym 'futōmei'.

1

会社は経営の透明性を高めるべきだ。

The company should increase the transparency of its management.

Abstract noun 'tōmeisei' (transparency).

2

彼女の肌には透明感がある。

Her skin has a sense of translucency.

Suffix '-kan' meaning 'sense of' or 'feeling of'.

3

このアプリで背景を透明にできます。

You can make the background transparent with this app.

Adverbial use 'tōmei ni' with 'suru' (to make).

4

情報の透明性が求められている。

Information transparency is being demanded.

Passive voice 'motomerarete iru'.

5

透明な心を持つことは大切です。

It is important to have a transparent (pure) heart.

Metaphorical use for personality.

6

不透明な決断に不満が募っている。

Dissatisfaction is growing over the opaque decision.

Using 'futōmei' for lack of clarity in process.

7

この素材は光を通すので、透明に見えます。

This material lets light through, so it looks transparent.

Explaining physical properties.

8

選考プロセスをより透明にする必要があります。

It is necessary to make the selection process more transparent.

Using 'yori' (more) for comparison.

1

政治資金の流れを透明化することが急務だ。

Making the flow of political funds transparent is an urgent task.

Suffix '-ka' (tōmeika) meaning '-ization'.

2

景気の先行きは極めて不透明である。

The future outlook for the economy is extremely opaque/uncertain.

Formal 'de aru' ending for business/news.

3

透明度の高い湖として知られている。

It is known as a lake with high transparency (clarity).

Noun 'tōmeido' (degree of transparency).

4

組織の不透明な体質が問題視された。

The organization's opaque nature was seen as a problem.

Describing corporate culture.

5

透明電極は、スマートフォンの画面に不可欠な部品だ。

Transparent electrodes are essential components for smartphone screens.

Technical/Scientific compound.

6

この映画は、思春期の透明な感情を見事に描いている。

This movie brilliantly depicts the transparent (pure/fragile) emotions of adolescence.

Literary/Artistic usage.

7

裁判の透明性を確保するために、傍聴が認められている。

To ensure the transparency of the trial, public observation is permitted.

Discussing legal rights.

8

不透明な取引を排除するための新しい規制が導入された。

New regulations were introduced to eliminate opaque transactions.

Business regulation context.

1

近代建築は、透明な空間を追求することで、内と外の境界を曖昧にした。

Modern architecture blurred the boundary between inside and outside by pursuing transparent spaces.

Architectural theory context.

2

アルゴリズムの透明性が欠如していることが、社会的な懸念となっている。

The lack of algorithm transparency is becoming a social concern.

Discussing AI ethics.

3

彼女の文体は、まるで透明な水のように淀みがない。

Her writing style is as clear and fluid as transparent water.

Literary simile.

4

企業の社会的責任として、サプライチェーンの透明化が求められている。

As a matter of corporate social responsibility, transparency in the supply chain is required.

CSR and logistics context.

5

その詩人は、日常の中に潜む透明な孤独を言葉にした。

The poet put into words the transparent (unseen/pure) loneliness lurking in daily life.

Abstract poetic expression.

6

不透明な政治状況の中で、国民は確かなリーダーシップを待ち望んでいる。

Amidst an opaque political situation, the citizens are longing for steady leadership.

Sophisticated political analysis.

7

この研究は、ナノ粒子を用いて材料を透明化する技術に焦点を当てている。

This research focuses on the technology of making materials transparent using nanoparticles.

Advanced scientific context.

8

意思決定のプロセスが不透明であればあるほど、組織の腐敗は進みやすい。

The more opaque the decision-making process is, the easier it is for organizational corruption to spread.

Using 'ba hodo' (the more... the more...).

1

谷崎潤一郎は『陰翳礼讃』において、西洋的な透明性への志向を批判的に考察した。

In 'In Praise of Shadows,' Jun'ichirō Tanizaki critically examined the Western inclination towards transparency.

Literary and cultural criticism.

2

量子力学の観点からは、物質が『透明』であるという現象は、光子と電子の相互作用の結果に過ぎない。

From the perspective of quantum mechanics, the phenomenon of matter being 'transparent' is merely the result of interactions between photons and electrons.

High-level scientific discourse.

3

現代社会における監視カメラの遍在は、プライバシーが透明化される恐怖を人々に植え付けている。

The omnipresence of surveillance cameras in modern society has instilled in people a fear of their privacy being made transparent.

Sociological critique.

4

彼の沈黙は、雄弁な言葉よりも雄弁に、その場の不透明な空気を物語っていた。

His silence spoke more eloquently than any words about the opaque atmosphere of the room.

Metaphorical use in high literature.

5

デジタル・フォレンジックにおいて、データの透明性を担保することは法的な証拠能力に直結する。

In digital forensics, ensuring data transparency is directly linked to legal admissibility.

Technical legal/IT jargon.

6

自己の意識を透明化し、他者との共感を極限まで高めることが、その修行の目的であった。

The goal of the ascetic practice was to make one's own consciousness transparent and to heighten empathy with others to the extreme.

Philosophical/Religious context.

7

グローバル経済の不透明性が増す中で、企業にはより強靭なレジリエンスが求められている。

As the opacity of the global economy increases, companies are required to have stronger resilience.

Macroeconomic analysis.

8

この論文は、言語の透明性という神話がいかにして権力構造を隠蔽してきたかを論じている。

This paper discusses how the myth of language transparency has concealed power structures.

Post-structuralist linguistic theory.

Common Collocations

透明な水
透明な傘
透明感がある
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