Question Tags: Aren't You? Don't You? Isn't It?
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Tag questions are short phrases added to the end of sentences to turn them into questions or seek confirmation.
- If the main sentence is positive, the tag is negative: 'You are happy, aren't you?'
- If the main sentence is negative, the tag is positive: 'You aren't happy, are you?'
- Use the same auxiliary verb (be, do, have, can, will) as the main sentence.
Overview
- 1Using the opposite (positive/negative) of the main clause
- 2Using the same auxiliary verb as the main clause
- 3Using a pronoun matching the subject
- She is your sister, isn't she?
- He can drive, can't he?
- They went to Paris, didn't they?
- You haven't met him, have you?
- She didn't call, did she?
- It isn't working, is it?
- I am -> aren't I? (NOT amn't I): I'm right, aren't I?
- Let's -> shall we?: Let's go, shall we?
- Nobody/nothing/never -> treat as negative: Nobody came, did they?
- Rising intonation on the tag = genuine question, not sure of the answer.
- Falling intonation on the tag = expecting agreement, just checking.
3. Tag Question Formation
| Statement | Auxiliary | Tag |
|---|---|---|
|
You are happy
|
are
|
aren't you?
|
|
You aren't happy
|
are
|
are you?
|
|
He likes pizza
|
does
|
doesn't he?
|
|
He doesn't like pizza
|
does
|
does he?
|
|
They went home
|
did
|
didn't they?
|
|
They didn't go home
|
did
|
did they?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction |
|---|---|
|
is not
|
isn't
|
|
are not
|
aren't
|
|
do not
|
don't
|
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
|
did not
|
didn't
|
|
have not
|
haven't
|
|
will not
|
won't
|
Meanings
Tag questions are used to ask for confirmation or to encourage the listener to agree with the speaker's statement.
Seeking Confirmation
The speaker believes something is true and wants the listener to confirm it.
“You've been to London, haven't you?”
“She works here, doesn't she?”
Seeking Information
The speaker is genuinely unsure and is asking a real question.
“You don't have the keys, do you?”
“He isn't coming, is he?”
Social Softening
Used to make a statement sound less blunt or more polite.
“It's quite cold, isn't it?”
“That was a long meeting, wasn't it?”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Statement + Negative Tag
|
You are ready, aren't you?
|
|
Negative
|
Statement + Affirmative Tag
|
You aren't ready, are you?
|
|
Simple Present
|
Statement + do/does tag
|
She works here, doesn't she?
|
|
Simple Past
|
Statement + did tag
|
They left early, didn't they?
|
|
Modal Verbs
|
Statement + modal tag
|
He can drive, can't he?
|
|
'I am' Exception
|
Statement + aren't I?
|
I am correct, aren't I?
|
|
There is
|
Statement + isn't there?
|
There is a problem, isn't there?
|
|
Imperative
|
Command + will you?
|
Close the door, will you?
|
Espectro de formalidade
It is five o'clock, is it not? (Checking the time)
It's five o'clock, isn't it? (Checking the time)
It's five, right? (Checking the time)
Five, innit? (Checking the time)
Tag Question Logic
Polarity
- Positive Negative Tag
- Negative Positive Tag
Components
- Auxiliary Verb
- Pronoun Subject
Intonation Meaning
Formation Flow
Is the statement positive?
Auxiliary Verbs
Be
- • is
- • are
- • was
- • were
Do
- • do
- • does
- • did
Modals
- • can
- • will
- • should
- • would
Exemplos por nível
You are a student, aren't you?
Eres estudiante, ¿verdad?
It is cold, isn't it?
Hace frío, ¿no?
They are here, aren't they?
Ellos están aquí, ¿verdad?
She is nice, isn't she?
Ella es simpática, ¿no?
You don't like coffee, do you?
No te gusta el café, ¿verdad?
He can swim, can't he?
Él sabe nadar, ¿no?
We aren't late, are we?
No llegamos tarde, ¿verdad?
You have a car, don't you?
Tienes coche, ¿no?
You've finished your work, haven't you?
Has terminado tu trabajo, ¿verdad?
They won't be coming, will they?
No vendrán, ¿verdad?
I'm late, aren't I?
Llego tarde, ¿no?
You didn't see the movie, did you?
No viste la película, ¿verdad?
You'd better leave now, hadn't you?
Será mejor que te vayas, ¿no?
There's nothing to worry about, is there?
No hay nada de qué preocuparse, ¿verdad?
Everyone enjoyed the meal, didn't they?
Todos disfrutaron la comida, ¿no?
You've been waiting long, haven't you?
Llevas esperando mucho, ¿verdad?
You wouldn't happen to know the time, would you?
No sabrás la hora, ¿verdad?
It's hardly the best time to ask, is it?
No es el mejor momento para preguntar, ¿verdad?
You've rarely been this busy, have you?
Rara vez has estado tan ocupado, ¿verdad?
Little did he know, did he?
Poco sabía él, ¿verdad?
One should always be punctual, shouldn't one?
Uno siempre debe ser puntual, ¿no?
You'd rather not discuss this, would you?
Preferirías no hablar de esto, ¿verdad?
Nothing could be simpler, could it?
Nada podría ser más sencillo, ¿verdad?
You've been working on this for ages, haven't you?
Llevas trabajando en esto años, ¿verdad?
Fácil de confundir
Learners often use tag questions when they need to ask a direct question.
Learners use 'right?' as a lazy tag question.
Learners mix up the word order.
Erros comuns
You are happy, are you?
You are happy, aren't you?
He likes pizza, likes he?
He likes pizza, doesn't he?
It is cold, isn't cold?
It is cold, isn't it?
I am right, am not I?
I am right, aren't I?
They went home, didn't they go?
They went home, didn't they?
She can swim, can she?
She can swim, can't she?
You don't like it, don't you?
You don't like it, do you?
Everyone is here, aren't they?
Everyone is here, aren't they?
There is a cat, isn't it?
There is a cat, isn't there?
Nothing happened, did it?
Nothing happened, did it?
I'm going, am I not?
I'm going, aren't I?
You'd better go, would you?
You'd better go, hadn't you?
Let's go, let's not?
Let's go, shall we?
Padrões de frases
It is ___, isn't it?
You have ___, don't you?
They didn't ___, did they?
You wouldn't ___ , would you?
Real World Usage
You're coming tonight, aren't you?
You have experience with this software, don't you?
The train leaves at 8, doesn't it?
This is the best movie ever, isn't it?
My order should be here soon, shouldn't it?
We have a test tomorrow, don't we?
Listen for the intonation
Don't forget the pronoun
The 'I am' rule
Regional tags
Smart Tips
Look at the main verb. If it's 'to be', use 'to be'. If it's any other verb, use 'do'.
Use a tag question instead of a direct question to soften your tone.
Always remember the 'aren't I' rule.
Use 'there' in the tag, not 'it'.
Pronúncia
Falling Intonation
Used when the speaker is stating a fact and expects agreement.
Rising Intonation
Used when the speaker is genuinely asking a question.
Confirmation
It's a nice day, isn't it? ↘
I know it is, and I want you to agree.
Inquiry
You're coming, aren't you? ↗
I'm not sure, please tell me.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Flip the switch: If the sentence is bright (positive), the tag must be dark (negative). If the sentence is dark (negative), the tag must be bright (positive).
Associação visual
Imagine a light switch on a wall. When you say a positive sentence, you flip the switch down to 'off' (negative). When you say a negative sentence, you flip it up to 'on' (positive).
Rhyme
Positive statement, negative tag, Negative statement, positive flag.
Story
Sarah was at a party. She said, 'You're having fun, aren't you?' Her friend replied, 'I'm not having fun, am I?' Sarah realized the polarity flip was the key to their conversation. She practiced it all night.
Word Web
Desafio
For the next 5 minutes, try to turn every statement you make into a tag question while talking to yourself or a pet.
Notas culturais
Tag questions are used much more frequently in the UK than in the US. The slang tag 'innit' is very common in London.
Americans often use 'right?' or 'yeah?' instead of full tag questions.
Australians often use 'eh?' as a tag question.
Tag questions evolved from the need to confirm information in spoken discourse.
Iniciadores de conversa
It's a beautiful day, isn't it?
You've been here before, haven't you?
You wouldn't happen to know where the station is, would you?
It's quite a long way to travel, isn't it?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
You are tired, ___?
He likes coffee, ___?
Find and fix the mistake:
They went home, went they?
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Ella es simpática, ¿no?
Answer starts with: She...
A: You've been here before. B: Yes, ___.
Statement: You can swim.
Which tag is correct for 'It is raining'?
Score: /8
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesYou are tired, ___?
He likes coffee, ___?
Find and fix the mistake:
They went home, went they?
you / aren't / happy / ?
Ella es simpática, ¿no?
A: You've been here before. B: Yes, ___.
Statement: You can swim.
Which tag is correct for 'It is raining'?
Score: /8
Perguntas frequentes (8)
To confirm information or build rapport.
Yes, but it's informal.
Use 'do', 'does', or 'did'.
Yes, it is the standard form.
No, always use a pronoun.
Falling is a statement, rising is a question.
Rarely, they are mostly for speech.
Use 'am I?'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
¿verdad? / ¿no?
English tags must match the auxiliary verb and flip polarity.
n'est-ce pas?
English tags are highly variable based on the main clause.
nicht wahr?
English requires matching the auxiliary verb.
desu ne?
English uses verb-based tags; Japanese uses particles.
صح؟ (Sah?)
English tags are tied to the grammatical structure of the sentence.
是不是? (shì bú shì?)
English tags must conjugate and match the subject.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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