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A1 verb #600 mais comum 8 min de leitura

گفتن

goftan Top 600

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas گفتن em 30 segundos

Explicação گفتن in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'goftan' is used for the simplest forms of communication. You learn to say 'I said hello' (man goftam salām) or 'Tell me' (be man begu). The focus is on the present tense 'miguyam' and the simple past 'goftam'. You learn that it requires the preposition 'be' for the person you are talking to. It's the primary verb for basic needs and reporting simple facts about what someone else said. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex honorifics; 'goftan' is perfectly acceptable for everyone. You will mostly use it in the first and second person to express your needs or ask for information. For example, 'Chi gofti?' (What did you say?) is a vital phrase for a beginner who didn't catch a word. You also learn the imperative 'begu' (say/tell) which is very common in daily interactions. The goal at A1 is to correctly identify the present stem 'gu' versus the past stem 'goft' and use them in short, three-to-four word sentences. You start to see how 'ke' (that) connects the verb to the message, but simple direct quotes are more common.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'goftan' in more varied tenses and with more complex objects. You might use the past continuous 'migoftam' (I was saying) to describe a conversation that was interrupted. You also start to use 'goftan' with the subjunctive mood in certain structures, like 'mikhāham beguyam' (I want to say). At this level, you should be comfortable with the colloquial forms, like 'migam' instead of 'miguyam'. You also start to learn common phrases like 'rastash-ro begu' (tell the truth). You begin to distinguish between 'goftan' and 'harf zadan' (to talk), using 'goftan' specifically when there is a message or a quote involved. You might also start using 'goftan' to report what you read or heard on the news in a simple way. The use of 'be' becomes second nature, and you rarely forget it. You also learn to use 'goftan' in the negative, 'nago' (don't say), which is common in social warnings or polite refusals.

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By B1, 'goftan' is used to navigate social nuances and more complex reporting. You use it to tell stories, relaying long sequences of dialogue using 'goft' and 'ke'. You are now comfortable with the honorific 'farmudan' for others and 'arz kardan' for yourself in formal situations, but you use 'goftan' as your reliable neutral default. You start to use 'goftan' in the passive voice—'gofte mishavad' (it is said)—to discuss rumors or general opinions. You also use it in conditional sentences, like 'agar be u beguyi...' (if you tell him...). Your vocabulary expands to include nouns derived from 'goftan', such as 'goftogu' (conversation) and 'goftār' (speech). You can now use 'goftan' to express not just what someone said, but how they said it, by adding adverbs like 'tond' (quickly) or 'bā deghat' (carefully). You also start to understand the use of 'goftan' in Persian idioms, where the meaning isn't literal.

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At the B2 level, you use 'goftan' with a high degree of precision. you can differentiate between 'goftan' (to say), 'ezhār dāshtan' (to state), and 'bayān kardan' (to express) based on the context of a formal essay or a professional meeting. You use 'goftan' to summarize complex arguments and to quote literary sources. You are familiar with the use of 'goftan' in classical poetry and can explain the nuances of how a poet like Rumi uses the verb to signify divine communication. You use the perfect tenses, like 'gofteh-am' (I have said), to link past statements to the present. You also master the use of 'goftan' in complex sentence structures involving multiple clauses. Your understanding of 'Ta'arof' is sophisticated enough that you know exactly when 'goftan' is too blunt and when an honorific alternative is required to maintain social harmony.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'goftan' is near-native. You understand the subtle emotional undertones when someone uses 'goftan' instead of a more formal verb in a formal setting (perhaps to show intimacy or, conversely, a lack of respect). You can analyze the 'goftār' (discourse) of a political speech or a piece of literature, looking at how 'goftan' is used to construct authority. You are comfortable with archaic forms of the verb found in 10th-century texts and can translate them into modern Persian. You use 'goftan' in sophisticated idioms and proverbs fluently. You also understand the philosophical implications of 'goftan' in Persian mysticism, where the 'unsaid' is often as important as the 'said'. Your ability to switch between colloquial 'migam' and formal 'miguyam' is seamless and always appropriate to the social context.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'goftan' and its entire semantic field. You can engage in deep linguistic analysis of the verb's evolution from Old Persian to the present day. You can appreciate and produce high-level literature where 'goftan' is used with creative and unconventional meanings. You understand the most obscure idioms and can use the verb to convey the finest shades of meaning, irony, and sarcasm. You are a master of the 'unspoken' in Persian culture, knowing when the absence of 'goftan' speaks louder than words. You can lecture on the role of 'goftogu' in civil society or the history of 'naghalli' (traditional storytelling) where 'goftan' is the primary artistic tool. Your command of the verb is so complete that it is no longer a 'foreign' word, but a natural extension of your own thought process in Persian.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

گفتن em 30 segundos

Goftan means to say or tell.
Present stem: gu, Past stem: goft.
Use 'be' for the person you talk to.
Essential for daily conversation.

The Persian verb گفتن (goftan) is the fundamental building block of communication in the Persian language, serving as the primary equivalent to the English verbs 'to say', 'to tell', and 'to speak'. At its core, it represents the act of articulating thoughts into words. In the CEFR A1 level, it is one of the first ten verbs a student learns because it is impossible to navigate daily life in Iran or Tajikistan without it. Unlike English, which distinguishes strictly between 'saying' (focusing on the words) and 'telling' (focusing on the recipient), Persian uses گفتن for both scenarios, making it a versatile 'super-verb'.

Semantic Range: It covers everything from a simple 'hello' to complex philosophical discourses. Whether you are reporting a fact, sharing a secret, or reciting a poem by Hafez, you are 'goftan'.
Social Dynamics: In Iranian culture, the act of 'saying' is often wrapped in layers of politeness (Ta'arof). While the verb itself is neutral, the way it is conjugated and the pronouns used alongside it signal the relationship between the speaker and the listener.

او به من گفت که فردا می‌آید.
— Translation: He told me that he is coming tomorrow.

Historically, the verb stems from the Old Persian root 'gaub-', which meant 'to call oneself' or 'to speak'. This ancient lineage gives the word a weight that is felt in classical literature. When you use گفتن, you are participating in a linguistic tradition that spans millennia. In modern usage, it is also the root for many compound nouns like 'goftogu' (conversation) and 'goftār' (speech/discourse).

چیزی نگو!
— Translation: Don't say anything!

Furthermore, گفتن is used in various registers. In formal settings, it might be replaced by 'ezhār dāshtan' (to state), but in 95% of daily interactions, 'goftan' is the king. It is used to introduce direct quotes, indirect speech, and even to express opinions. For example, 'miguyand' (they say) is often used to introduce common knowledge or rumors, much like 'it is said' in English.

The 'Be' Preposition: When you tell something *to* someone, you must use the preposition 'be'. 'Man be to goftam' (I told you). Omitting 'be' is a common error for English speakers.

راستش را به من بگو.
— Translation: Tell me the truth.

Mastering گفتن requires understanding its two stems: the past stem گفت (goft) and the present stem گو (gu). Because Persian is a null-subject language, the verb ending tells you who is speaking. Let's break down the most common sentence patterns used by native speakers.

Present Continuous (Action happening now): Structure: dāram + mi + gu + am. Example: 'Dāram miguyam' (I am saying). Note that in spoken Persian, 'miguyam' often becomes 'migam'.
Simple Past (Completed action): Structure: goft + ending. Example: 'Goftam' (I said). This is used for reporting what happened in a conversation.

مادرم گفت که غذا حاضر است.
— Translation: My mother said that the food is ready.

One of the most important structures with گفتن is the use of the conjunction 'ke' (that). Unlike English, where 'that' is often optional ('He said [that] he was tired'), in Persian, 'ke' is almost always present when introducing a clause. This creates a clear bridge between the act of saying and the content of the speech.

داری چی می‌گی؟ من نمی‌فهمم.
— Translation (Colloquial): What are you saying? I don't understand.

When using the imperative (giving a command), the prefix 'be-' is added to the present stem. Thus, 'begu' means 'say' or 'tell'. If you want to be more polite, you might use the plural form 'beguyid' even when speaking to one person. This is a key aspect of Persian etiquette.

Indirect Speech and Tense: Persian is more flexible with tenses in indirect speech than English. If someone said 'I am hungry', you can report it as 'He said that I am hungry' (u goft ke goshne-am) without necessarily shifting the tense to the past.

به او بگو که فردا جلسه داریم.
— Translation: Tell him that we have a meeting tomorrow.

You will hear گفتن everywhere, from the bustling Grand Bazaar of Tehran to the quiet libraries of Shiraz. It is the heartbeat of Persian social life. Iranians are known for their love of conversation, poetry, and storytelling, and 'goftan' is the vehicle for all of these. In a marketplace, you might hear a merchant say, 'Goftam gheimat in ast' (I said this is the price), or a customer pleading, 'Yek chizi begu!' (Say something! - implying a discount).

مردم چی می‌گن؟
— Translation: What are people saying? (Referring to public opinion or gossip).

In Iranian households, 'goftan' is used to pass down family traditions and stories. The phrase 'mādar-bozorgam migoft...' (my grandmother used to say...) is a common opening for sharing wisdom. In the media, news anchors use the formal version of the verb to report statements from officials. For example, 'Vazir goft...' (The minister said...).

In the digital age, 'goftan' has moved to social media. On Telegram or WhatsApp, you'll see 'chi gofti?' (what did you say?) when a message is unclear. It's also used in the context of 'voice messages'—'voice goftam' (I sent a voice message/I spoke a voice). The verb adapts to new technologies while retaining its core meaning.

Literature and Poetry: In the Shahnameh (Book of Kings), the verb 'goftan' often introduces heroic speeches. It carries a sense of declaration and truth-telling in these epic contexts.

بشنو و هیچ نگو.
— Translation: Listen and say nothing.

Finally, in the realm of 'Ta'arof' (Persian etiquette), 'goftan' is used to offer and refuse things. A host might say, 'Nagu in harf-ro!' (Don't say that!) when a guest tries to thank them too much, implying that the hospitality is a duty and a pleasure, not something needing thanks.

Even though گفتن is a basic verb, English speakers often trip over a few specific hurdles. The most frequent error is confusing 'goftan' with 'harf zadan' (to talk/speak). While 'goftan' is used for the content of speech ('He said hello'), 'harf zadan' is used for the act of speaking or having a conversation ('We talked for hours').

The 'Be' Omission: In English, we say 'Tell me'. In Persian, you MUST say 'Be man begu' (To me say). Forgetting the 'be' (to) makes the sentence sound broken and ungrammatical.
Stem Confusion: Beginners often try to use 'goft' for the present tense (e.g., 'man migoftam' for 'I am saying'). Remember: 'goft' is ONLY for the past. 'gu' is for the present.

Incorrect: من تو را گفتم (Man to rā goftam)
Correct: من به تو گفتم (Man be to goftam)

Another mistake is the misuse of the direct object marker 'rā'. Since 'goftan' usually takes an indirect object (the person) and a direct object (the thing said), learners often put 'rā' after the person. Remember: the person gets 'be', and the message (if it's a specific noun) gets 'rā'.

Lastly, pay attention to the pronunciation of the present stem. It is 'gu' (like 'goo' in 'goose'), not 'go'. While the infinitive is 'goftan' (with an 'o'), the present stem shifts its vowel sound. Pronouncing it as 'migam' (colloquial) or 'miguyam' (formal) correctly is a sign of a more advanced learner.

او همیشه دروغ می‌گوید.
— Translation: He always tells lies. (Note: 'dorough' is the direct object, no 'rā' needed here as it's a general concept).

While گفتن is the most common verb, Persian offers a rich palette of alternatives depending on the formality and the specific nature of the 'saying'. Understanding these synonyms will help you move from A1 to B1 and beyond.

حرف زدن (Harf Zadan): Meaning: To talk or to speak. Use this for the process of conversation. 'Mā dārim harf mizanim' (We are talking).
بیان کردن (Bayān Kardan): Meaning: To express or to state. This is more formal and often used in academic or professional writing to describe the expression of an idea.
فرمودن (Farmudan): Meaning: To say (Honorific). This is used when referring to someone of higher status (a teacher, an elder, or a boss). 'Ostād farmudand...' (The professor said...).

لطفاً نظرتان را بیان کنید.
— Translation: Please express your opinion.

For religious or literary contexts, you might encounter 'telāvat kardan' (to recite the Quran) or 'sorudan' (to compose/sing poetry). In very humble speech, when referring to yourself saying something to a superior, you might use 'arz kardan' (to petition/say humbly). This is part of the complex 'Ta'arof' system where you elevate the other person's actions ('farmudan') and lower your own ('arz kardan').

من به ایشان عرض کردم که وقت ندارم.
— Translation: I (humbly) told him that I don't have time.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The root 'gu' in the present stem is related to the English word 'voice' and 'vocal' through distant Indo-European ancestors.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /ɡof.tæn/

US /ɡɔf.tæn/

The stress is on the second syllable: gof-TAN.

Rima com

Raftan (to go) Khaftan (to sleep - archaic) Bāftan (to weave) Yāftan (to find) Shekaftan (to split) Paziroftan (to accept) Ashof-tan (to disturb) Shokoftan (to bloom)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing the present stem 'gu' as 'go'.
Forgetting to stress the final syllable in the infinitive.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 1/5

The word is very common and easy to recognize in text.

Escrita 2/5

Remembering the present stem 'gu' can be tricky for beginners.

Expressão oral 2/5

Colloquial contractions like 'migam' need practice.

Audição 3/5

In fast speech, 'goft' can sound very short, and 'miguyam' changes significantly.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

من (I) تو (You) سلام (Hello) به (To) که (That)

Aprenda a seguir

شنیدن (To hear) پرسیدن (To ask) جواب دادن (To answer) خواندن (To read) نوشتن (To write)

Avançado

بیان (Expression) اظهار (Declaration) تکلم (Speech) سخنوری (Eloquence) مباحثه (Debate)

Gramática essencial

Present Stem Formation

The infinitive 'goftan' loses '-tan' and the 'o' changes to 'u' to form 'gu'.

Past Stem Formation

The infinitive 'goftan' loses '-an' to form 'goft'.

Indirect Object Preposition

Always use 'be' (to) before the person being told something: 'Be u goftam'.

Reported Speech Conjunction

Use 'ke' to connect the verb 'goftan' to the reported clause.

Imperative Prefix

Add 'be-' to the present stem 'gu' to form 'begu' (say/tell).

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Exemplos por nível

من سلام گفتم.

I said hello.

Simple past tense: Subject + Object + Verb.

او به من گفت.

He told me.

Use of 'be' (to) for the recipient.

اسم خود را بگو.

Say your name.

Imperative mood: 'be' + present stem 'gu'.

چی گفتی؟

What did you say?

Colloquial past tense (shortened).

آنها چیزی نگفتند.

They didn't say anything.

Negative past tense: 'na' + 'goftand'.

مادرم می‌گوید بیا.

My mother says 'come'.

Present tense: 'mi' + 'guy' + 'ad'.

به او بگو سلام.

Tell him hello.

Imperative with 'be'.

من حقیقت را گفتم.

I told the truth.

'Rā' is used for the specific direct object 'haghighat'.

داشتم می‌گفتم که باران آمد.

I was saying that it rained.

Past continuous: 'dāshtam' + 'migoftam'.

می‌خواهم یک داستان بگویم.

I want to tell a story.

Subjunctive after 'mikhāham'.

او همیشه راست می‌گوید.

He always tells the truth.

Present habitual action.

نباید این را می‌گفتی.

You shouldn't have said this.

Modal 'nabāyad' with past participle.

به من بگو کجا هستی.

Tell me where you are.

Imperative followed by a question clause.

او گفت که خسته است.

He said that he is tired.

Reported speech with 'ke'.

چرا به من نگفتی؟

Why didn't you tell me?

Interrogative negative past.

او به همه گفت سلام برسانم.

He told everyone to say hello for him.

Complex reported command.

اگر به او بگویی، عصبانی می‌شود.

If you tell him, he will get angry.

Conditional sentence with subjunctive 'beguyi'.

داستان‌هایی که پدربزرگم می‌گفت جالب بودند.

The stories my grandfather used to tell were interesting.

Relative clause with past habitual 'migoft'.

گفته می‌شود که او ثروتمند است.

It is said that he is rich.

Passive voice 'gofte mishavad'.

او بدون اینکه چیزی بگوید رفت.

He left without saying anything.

'Bedun-e inke' followed by subjunctive.

باید به او می‌گفتیم که جلسه لغو شده است.

We should have told him that the meeting was cancelled.

Past necessity 'bāyad' + past subjunctive.

او طوری گفت که همه ترسیدند.

He said it in a way that everyone got scared.

Adverbial phrase of manner.

هر چه می‌گویم گوش نمی‌دهد.

Whatever I say, he doesn't listen.

'Har che' (whatever) + present tense.

او گفت که ای کاش زودتر می‌گفتم.

He said, 'I wish I had said it sooner.'

Reported wish/regret.

او با اطمینان کامل این سخن را گفت.

He said these words with complete confidence.

Use of 'sokhan' (speech/word) as a formal object.

همان‌طور که قبلاً گفته شد، پروژه متوقف شده است.

As was previously said, the project has been stopped.

Formal passive 'gofte shod'.

او در نامه‌اش گفته بود که برمی‌گردد.

He had said in his letter that he would return.

Past perfect 'gofte bud'.

اینکه چه بگوییم بسیار مهم است.

What we say is very important.

Substantive clause as a subject.

او به جای اینکه حقیقت را بگوید، سکوت کرد.

Instead of telling the truth, he remained silent.

'Be jāy-e inke' + subjunctive.

گفته‌های او تأثیر زیادی بر من داشت.

His sayings (words) had a great impact on me.

'Gofte-hā' used as a noun.

او طوری سخن می‌گفت که گویی همه چیز را می‌داند.

He spoke as if he knew everything.

'Guyi' (as if) derived from the stem 'gu'.

نمی‌توان گفت که چه کسی مقصر است.

One cannot say who is to blame.

Impersonal 'nemitavān goft'.

سعدی در گلستان می‌گوید که دوستی با نادان بلاست.

Sa'di says in the Golestan that friendship with an ignorant person is a calamity.

Literary citation style.

او با کنایه گفت که از کار من راضی است.

He said sarcastically that he is happy with my work.

Use of 'kenāye' (sarcasm/irony).

در متون کهن آمده است که پادشاه چنین گفت.

In ancient texts, it is written that the king spoke thus.

Archaic narrative style.

او حرف دلش را به من گفت.

He told me his heart's word (his true feelings).

Idiomatic expression 'harf-e del'.

گفته می‌شود که این بنا بیش از هزار سال قدمت دارد.

It is said that this building is over a thousand years old.

Formal reporting of historical facts.

او با بیانی شیوا مقصود خود را گفت.

He stated his purpose with eloquent expression.

Advanced vocabulary 'bayān-e shivā'.

هر چه از خوبی‌های او بگویم کم گفته‌ام.

Whatever I say of his virtues, I have said too little.

Rhetorical structure for high praise.

او در لفافه گفت که دیگر به کمک ما نیازی ندارد.

He said implicitly (in a wrapper) that he no longer needs our help.

Idiom 'dar lafāfe' (implicitly/indirectly).

عارفان بر این باورند که حقیقت را نمی‌توان به زبان گفت.

Mystics believe that truth cannot be told with the tongue.

Philosophical usage of the verb.

او با استناد به گفته‌های پیشین، نظریه خود را اثبات کرد.

Citing previous statements, he proved his theory.

Academic/Legal usage.

در این شعر، شاعر از زبان گل با ما سخن می‌گوید.

In this poem, the poet speaks to us through the language of the flower.

Literary analysis terminology.

او با چنان فصاحتی گفت که گویی وحی منزل است.

He spoke with such eloquence as if it were divine revelation.

Religious/Literary metaphor.

گفته نماند که این موضوع ابعاد گسترده‌تری دارد.

Let it not remain unsaid that this subject has broader dimensions.

Formal rhetorical transition.

او تمام ناگفته‌های خود را در این کتاب گنجانده است.

He has included all his 'unsaids' (secrets/hidden thoughts) in this book.

'Nā-gofte' (unsaid) as a noun.

سخن گفتن از عدالت در چنین شرایطی دشوار است.

Speaking of justice in such conditions is difficult.

Gerundive use of 'sokhan goftan'.

او با یک نگاه، هزاران سخن نگفته را گفت.

With one look, he said thousands of unsaid words.

Poetic paradox.

Colocações comuns

راست گفتن

دروغ گفتن

سلام گفتن

تبریک گفتن

تسلیت گفتن

شعر گفتن

قصه گفتن

حرف دل گفتن

اذان گفتن

لبیک گفتن

Frases Comuns

چی گفتی؟

— What did you say? Used when you didn't hear or are surprised.

ببخشید، چی گفتی؟

به من بگو

— Tell me. A standard way to ask for information.

به من بگو چه اتفاقی افتاد.

می‌گن که...

— They say that... Used to introduce rumors or general info.

می‌گن که فردا تعطیل است.

نگو!

— Don't say! (Equivalent to 'No way!' or 'You don't say!').

واقعاً؟ نگو!

گفته باشم!

— Let it be said! (Used as a warning: 'I'm telling you now!').

اگر نروی، ناراحت می‌شوم، گفته باشم!

حرفش را نزن

— Don't speak of it. (Don't mention it / Forget about it).

دیگر حرفش را نزن، گذشت.

راستش را بخواهی

— To want the truth (To be honest).

راستش را بخواهی، من نرفتم.

بگو خب؟

— Say 'okay'? (Used to keep someone engaged in a story).

رفتم آنجا، بگو خب؟ بعدش...

چی بگم؟

— What should I say? (Used when speechless or uncertain).

نمی‌دانم، واقعاً چی بگم؟

خدا بگم چیکارت کنه

— May God tell (do) what to do with you. (A playful or mild curse).

خدا بگم چیکارت کنه، چقدر خندیدم!

Frequentemente confundido com

گفتن vs حرف زدن (Harf Zadan)

'Harf zadan' is for the act of talking; 'goftan' is for the content of what is said.

گفتن vs خواندن (Khāndan)

'Khāndan' means to read or sing; 'goftan' is to say or tell.

گفتن vs صدا کردن (Sedā Kardan)

'Sedā kardan' is to call someone's name; 'goftan' is to speak words to them.

Expressões idiomáticas

"حرف توی دهن کسی گذاشتن"

— To put words in someone's mouth. Telling someone what to say.

من این را نگفتم، تو داری حرف توی دهنم می‌گذاری.

Informal

"دو قورت و نیمش باقی بودن"

— To still have two and a half gulps left. Being ungrateful after help.

من کمکش کردم، اما هنوز دو قورت و نیمش باقی است و طلبکار است.

Informal

"حرف زدن نقره است، سکوت کردن طلا"

— Speaking is silver, silence is gold.

بهتر است چیزی نگویی، چون حرف زدن نقره است و سکوت طلا.

Proverb

"یک کلاغ چهل کلاغ کردن"

— To turn one crow into forty crows. To exaggerate a story.

مردم همیشه یک کلاغ چهل کلاغ می‌کنند، باور نکن.

Informal

"حرف حق تلخ است"

— The truth is bitter.

او ناراحت شد چون حرف حق تلخ است.

Proverb

"از دهنش پرید"

— It jumped out of his mouth. To say something accidentally.

نمی‌خواست بگوید، اما از دهنش پرید.

Informal

"حرفش دوتا نمی‌شود"

— His word doesn't become two. He is a man of his word.

او آدم معتبری است، حرفش دوتا نمی‌شود.

Informal

"مثل بلبل حرف زدن"

— To talk like a nightingale. To speak fluently or a lot.

او فارسی را مثل بلبل حرف می‌زند.

Informal

"حرف مفت زدن"

— To talk 'free' (nonsense). To talk rubbish.

گوش نده، دارد حرف مفت می‌زند.

Slang

"به گوش کسی رساندن"

— To make something reach someone's ear. To inform someone indirectly.

باید این خبر را به گوشش برسانم.

Neutral

Fácil de confundir

گفتن vs گُفت

Past tense 3rd person singular.

It means 'He/She said'. It is a completed action.

او گفت سلام.

گفتن vs گو

Present stem.

It is used for current or future actions and imperatives.

بگو!

گفتن vs گویا

Adjective/Adverb.

It means 'expressive' or 'apparently', not the verb 'to say'.

او گویا مریض است.

گفتن vs گفتگو

Noun.

It means 'conversation', a noun, not the action of saying.

ما گفتگو کردیم.

گفتن vs گفته

Noun/Past Participle.

It means 'a saying' or 'said'.

این گفته‌ی اوست.

Padrões de frases

من به (کسی) سلام گفتم.

من به مریم سلام گفتم.

(کسی) به من گفت (جمله).

او به من گفت بیا.

می‌خواهم به تو (چیزی) را بگویم.

می‌خواهم به تو حقیقت را بگویم.

به او بگو که (جمله).

به او بگو که من خانه‌ام.

اگر به من می‌گفتی، (جمله).

اگر به من می‌گفتی، کمک می‌کردم.

گفته می‌شود که (جمله).

گفته می‌شود که او مهربان است.

او با (قید) گفت که (جمله).

او با عصبانیت گفت که نمی‌آید.

هر چه از (اسم) بگویم کم گفته‌ام.

هر چه از زیبایی این شهر بگویم کم گفته‌ام.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

گفته (Saying)

گفتار (Discourse)

گفتگو (Conversation)

گوینده (Speaker)

گفتمان (Discourse/Paradigm)

Verbos

بازگفتن (To retell)

واگفتن (To repeat/echo)

پیش‌گفتن (To predict - rare)

فروگفتن (To omit in speech)

Adjetivos

گفتنی (Worth saying)

گویا (Expressive/Clear)

ناگفتنی (Unspeakable)

گفتاری (Oral/Spoken)

Relacionado

سخن (Word/Speech)

حرف (Letter/Word)

بیان (Expression)

نطق (Speech/Oratory)

کلام (Word/Logos)

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Como usar

frequency

One of the top 10 most used verbs in the Persian language.

Erros comuns

Man to goftam. → Man be to goftam.
You must use the preposition 'be' (to) for the person you are speaking to.
Man migoftam (for 'I am saying'). → Man miguyam (or migam).
'Goft' is the past stem. For present actions, you must use the present stem 'gu'.
U harf-e rāst goft. → U rāst goft.
'Rāst goftan' is a set phrase; you don't usually need 'harf-e' in the middle.
Man Fārsi miguyam. → Man Fārsi harf mizanam.
Use 'harf zadan' for speaking a language, not 'goftan'.
Be man begu ke... (forgetting 'ke') → Be man begu ke...
While English often drops 'that', Persian almost always requires 'ke' for clarity.

Dicas

Stem Memory

Always remember the present stem is 'gu'. A good way to remember is the word 'Googoosh' (the famous singer) - her name starts with the sound of the present stem.

Colloquial Flow

In speech, 'be u' (to him/her) often becomes 'behesh'. So 'behesh begu' is more natural than 'be u begu'.

Respect Matters

When talking about a teacher or an elder, try to use 'farmudand' instead of 'goftand'. It shows you understand Persian culture.

Direct Objects

If you are saying a specific thing, like 'the secret', use 'rā': 'Rāz rā goftam'.

The 'Ke' Bridge

Train your ear to listen for 'ke'. It acts like a colon (:) in English, telling you that the important information is coming next.

Avoid Repetition

In a story, don't use 'goft' for every line of dialogue. Mix it up with 'porsid' (asked) or 'pāsokh dād' (answered).

The Truth

'Rāstesh-ro bekhāhi' is a great filler phrase to start a sentence when you want to be honest.

Final Stress

Persian verbs usually have the stress on the last syllable. 'Gof-TAN', not 'GOF-tan'.

Ta'arof Warning

If someone says 'Nagu!' (Don't say!), they might just be being polite. Don't take it literally every time.

Daily Quote

Every day, try to translate one thing you said in English into Persian using 'goftan'.

Memorize

Mnemônico

'Goft' sounds a bit like 'Gave'. Think: 'I GAVE him my words' = 'Goftam'.

Associação visual

Imagine a mouth with a 'GO' sign inside it, but the sign changes to 'GU' when it's talking right now.

Word Web

Say Tell Speak Voice Truth Lie Conversation Poem

Desafio

Try to use 'goftan' in three different tenses (past, present, imperative) in one short paragraph about your day.

Origem da palavra

Derived from Middle Persian 'guftan' and Old Persian 'gaub-', which meant 'to speak' or 'to call oneself'.

Significado original: To articulate, to name, or to declare.

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian branch).

Contexto cultural

Be careful with 'harf-e moft' (rubbish/nonsense) as it can be offensive. Use 'arz kardan' when speaking to elders to show respect.

English speakers often distinguish between 'say' and 'tell' based on the object. In Persian, 'goftan' handles both, but always remember the 'be' (to).

Rumi's Masnavi: 'Beshno az ney chon hekāyat mikonad' (Listen to the reed as it tells its story - uses 'hekāyat kardan' but implies 'goftan'). The phrase 'Gofteh-hā-ye Nā-gofteh' (Unsaid sayings) is a common title for Iranian memoirs.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

At a Restaurant

به گارسون بگو... (Tell the waiter...)
چی می‌خوری؟ بگو. (What are you eating? Say it.)
صورتحساب را بگویید. (Tell/Ask for the bill.)
می‌خواستم بگویم غذا عالی بود. (I wanted to say the food was great.)

In a Taxi

به راننده بگو کجا برود. (Tell the driver where to go.)
آدرس را به او بگو. (Tell him the address.)
بگو همین‌جا نگه دارد. (Tell him to stop right here.)
کرایه چقدر می‌شود؟ بگویید. (How much is the fare? Tell me.)

At Work

به رئیس گفتم. (I told the boss.)
گزارش را بگویید. (Tell/Present the report.)
در جلسه چه گفتند؟ (What did they say in the meeting?)
باید نظرت را بگویی. (You must say your opinion.)

With Friends

یک جک بگو. (Tell a joke.)
راستش را به من بگو. (Tell me the truth.)
چی می‌گی؟ (What are you saying? / What's up?)
به کسی نگو. (Don't tell anyone.)

Learning Persian

این به فارسی چی می‌شه؟ بگو. (How do you say this in Persian? Say it.)
آرام‌تر بگویید. (Say it more slowly.)
دوباره بگو. (Say it again.)
معنی این کلمه را بگو. (Tell the meaning of this word.)

Iniciadores de conversa

"می‌تونی به من بگی ساعت چنده؟ (Can you tell me what time it is?)"

"شنیدم که تو قراره بری سفر، درسته؟ (I heard that you are going on a trip, is it true?)"

"می‌خوام یه چیزی بهت بگم ولی قولی بده به کسی نگی. (I want to tell you something but promise not to tell anyone.)"

"به نظرت مردم درباره این فیلم چی می‌گن؟ (What do you think people are saying about this movie?)"

"می‌شه برام یه قصه از کودکی‌ت بگی؟ (Can you tell me a story from your childhood?)"

Temas para diário

امروز چه حرف‌های مهمی شنیدی یا گفتی؟ (What important things did you hear or say today?)

اگر می‌توانستی به خودِ ده سال پیشت چیزی بگویی، چه می‌گفتی؟ (If you could say something to your ten-year-old self, what would it be?)

یک مکالمه خیالی بین دو نفر که سال‌هاست هم را ندیده‌اند بنویس. (Write an imaginary conversation between two people who haven't seen each other for years.)

درباره زمانی بنویس که باید حقیقتی را می‌گفتی اما سخت بود. (Write about a time you had to tell the truth but it was hard.)

چرا گاهی اوقات نگفتنِ یک چیز بهتر از گفتنِ آن است؟ (Why is it sometimes better not to say something than to say it?)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, for languages we use 'harf zadan' or 'sohbat kardan'. For example, 'Man Fārsi harf mizanam' (I speak Persian). 'Goftan' is for specific words or messages.

Use the plural imperative: 'Be man beguyid'.

Yes, it is the standard colloquial form of 'miguyam'. You will hear it in 90% of spoken interactions.

Generally no, 'khāndan' or 'āvāz khāndan' is used. However, for some types of poetry, 'goftan' might be used to mean 'composing' or 'reciting'.

'Goftam' is 'I said' (one time). 'Migoftam' is 'I was saying' or 'I used to say' (continuous/habitual).

It's like saying 'No way!' or 'Don't tell me!'. It expresses disbelief.

Use 'khāham' + past stem: 'khāham goft' (I will say). This is very formal.

Yes, in stories or when describing sounds: 'Sag goft vogh vogh' (The dog said woof woof).

It is the present perfect: 'I have said'. It links a past statement to the present.

Sometimes, like 'The book says...', you can say 'Ketāb miguyad...'. It's quite common.

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