Esta página no seu idioma

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

中文

हिन्दी

Início
Aprender
Persa
Vocabulário
حسادت ورزیدن

B1 verb #6,000 mais comum 10 min de leitura

حسادت ورزیدن

hasadat varzidan Top 6,000

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas حسادت ورزیدن em 30 segundos

Explicação حسادت ورزیدن in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to build their vocabulary. 'حسادت ورزیدن' (hesādat varzidan) is a bit advanced for this stage because it is formal. However, you can think of it as a 'big word' for 'jealousy'. The word 'hesādat' means jealousy. 'Varzidan' is like 'to do'. So, it means 'to do jealousy'. At this stage, just try to recognize that 'hesādat' is a bad feeling you have when someone else has something you want. You will mostly use 'be' (to) with this word. For example: 'Be oo hesādat na-kon' (Don't be jealous of him - using the easier verb 'kardan'). If you see 'varzidan', just know it's a very polite or bookish way to say the same thing. Focus on the root word 'hesādat' first.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At A2, you are learning more compound verbs. Persian uses words like 'kardan' (to do), 'shodan' (to become), and 'varzidan' (to practice) to make verbs from nouns. 'حسادت ورزیدن' is one of these. You should know that 'varzidan' is formal. In your A2 studies, you might see this in a simple story or a news headline. Remember the preposition 'be'. If you want to say 'He is jealous of his brother', you say 'Oo be barādar-ash hesādat mi-varzad'. Notice the 'mi-' at the beginning of 'varzad' to show it is happening now. It is a good word to learn if you want to sound more like a serious student and less like a beginner.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the B1 level, you are expected to understand and use formal language in specific contexts. 'حسادت ورزیدن' is a perfect B1 word. You should be able to conjugate it in the past, present, and future. You should also understand the difference between this formal verb and the casual 'hasoodi kardan'. At this level, you can start using it in your writing, especially when discussing social issues or character traits in a story. You should also be aware that 'varzidan' is used with other abstract nouns like 'eshgh' (love) or 'mohabat' (kindness). This helps you see a pattern in formal Persian: Noun + Varzidan = To practice that quality.

At B2, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'حسادت ورزیدن'. You should be able to distinguish it from 'ghebte khordan' (positive envy) and 'rashk bordan' (poetic envy). You should also be comfortable using it in the subjunctive and conditional moods. For example: 'Agar be oo hesādat mi-varzid, hich-vaght movafagh ne-mi-shod' (If he had practiced jealousy toward him, he would never have succeeded). You should also recognize the word in more complex texts, such as newspaper editorials or modern literature, and understand the negative moral weight it carries in Iranian culture.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the C1 level, you are exploring the depths of Persian literature and formal discourse. 'حسادت ورزیدن' is no longer just a vocabulary item but a tool for stylistic expression. You should understand its etymological roots and how 'varzidan' functions as a 'light verb' in classical and modern Persian. You should be able to analyze texts where this verb is used to critique social behavior or to describe the psychological state of a character. You should also be able to use it fluently in formal debates or academic writing, perhaps comparing 'hesādat' with 'hasad' in a religious or philosophical context.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of the register. You understand that 'حسادت ورزیدن' carries a specific 'gravitas'. You can use it to evoke a certain atmosphere in your writing, perhaps choosing it over 'hasoodi kardan' to maintain a consistent formal tone. You are aware of its use in classical poetry (though 'rashk' is more common there) and can discuss the evolution of the verb 'varzidan' from Middle Persian to the present. You can use it in highly complex grammatical structures and understand the subtle implications of using such a formal verb in various social contexts.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

حسادت ورزیدن em 30 segundos

A formal Persian verb for 'to be jealous'.
Uses the preposition 'be' (to/at) for its object.
Common in literature, news, and academic settings.
Distinguished from the casual 'hasoodi kardan' by its formal register.

The Persian compound verb حسادت ورزیدن (hesādat varzidan) is a sophisticated and formal way to describe the act of feeling or practicing jealousy. In the linguistic landscape of Persian, verbs are often constructed by combining a noun with an auxiliary verb. Here, the noun is hesādat (jealousy), derived from the Arabic root H-S-D, and the auxiliary is varzidan, an ancient Persian verb meaning to practice, to exercise, or to engage in a specific behavior. When you use this term, you are not just saying someone is 'jealous'; you are implying that they are actively harboring or manifesting that emotion in a way that affects their character or actions.

Register: Formal and Literary. While you might hear 'hasoodi kardan' in a casual conversation between friends, 'hesādat varzidan' is reserved for literature, psychological discussions, or formal writing.

Understanding the nuance of this verb requires looking at the auxiliary varzidan. This verb is also used in 'varzesh' (sports/exercise), suggesting a repetitive or disciplined action. Therefore, hesādat varzیدن often carries a connotation of a persistent state of mind rather than a fleeting moment of envy. It is the 'exercise' of jealousy. In classical Persian poetry, this verb is frequently used to describe the rivals of a lover or the spiritual pitfalls of the ego.

بسیاری از مردم به ثروت و جایگاه دیگران حسادت می‌ورزند بدون اینکه از سختی‌های زندگی آن‌ها باخبر باشند.

Translation: Many people practice jealousy toward the wealth and status of others without being aware of the hardships of their lives.

In a psychological context, therapists might use this term to discuss the negative impact of envy on mental health. It is often contrasted with 'ghebte khordan' (to feel a positive, non-malicious envy), which is the desire to attain what someone else has without wishing for them to lose it. In contrast, hesādat varzidan often implies a darker, more resentful emotion. It is the active resentment of another's advantage.

Grammatical Structure: Noun (حسادت) + Present/Past stem of ورزیدن. Present stem: ورز (varz), Past stem: ورزید (varzid).

In modern journalism, you might see this verb used in political analysis. For example, a commentator might say one nation 'practices jealousy' toward the technological advancements of another. This elevates the tone and suggests a deep-seated structural rivalry rather than a petty disagreement. It is a word that carries weight, history, and a touch of intellectualism.

او به جای تلاش برای پیشرفت، تنها به همکارانش حسادت می‌ورزید.

Finally, it is worth noting that 'varzidan' is an auxiliary used for many noble or intense concepts, such as 'eshgh varzidan' (to practice love/to love) or 'mohabat varzidan' (to show kindness). Using it with 'hesādat' highlights the intensity and the active nature of the jealousy being described. It is a choice of word that signals the speaker's command over the higher registers of the Persian language.

Mastering the use of حسادت ورزیدن requires an understanding of Persian sentence structure and the specific prepositions that accompany compound verbs. The most critical rule is the use of the preposition به (be), which translates to 'to' or 'at' in English. In Persian, you do not 'envy someone'; you 'practice jealousy to someone'. This is a common pattern for verbs indicating an emotion directed toward an object or person.

Pattern: [Subject] + به + [Object] + [Conjugated form of حسادت ورزیدن]

Let's look at the conjugation in different tenses. In the present continuous, we use the prefix 'mi-'. For example: 'Man be oo hesādat mi-varzam' (I am practicing jealousy toward him/her). In the past tense, it becomes 'Man be oo hesādat varzidam' (I practiced jealousy toward him/her). Note that because 'varzidan' is a formal verb, the conjugation follows standard literary rules without the colloquial contractions often found in spoken Tehrani Persian.

نباید به موفقیت‌های کوچک دیگران حسادت ورزید.

Translation: One should not practice jealousy toward the small successes of others.

Another important aspect is the negative form. To negate this verb, add the prefix 'na-' to the conjugated auxiliary. 'او حسادت نمی‌ورزد' (He/She does not practice jealousy). Because this verb is formal, it is frequently used in the subjunctive mood to express advice, desires, or hypothetical situations. For instance, 'Kāsh be oo hesādat mi-varzidi' (I wish you had practiced jealousy - though this is a strange sentiment, it shows the grammar!). More commonly: 'Nabāyad hesādat varzid' (One must not practice jealousy).

In complex sentences, حسادت ورزیدن can be the subject of a gerund phrase. For example, 'Hesādat varzidan be doostān neshāne-ye za'f ast' (Practicing jealousy toward friends is a sign of weakness). Here, the verb acts as a noun phrase. This is very common in moralistic or philosophical Persian writing, where the act itself is analyzed as a concept.

اگر به او حسادت بورزی، آرامش خود را از دست خواهی داد.

Finally, consider the imperative mood. While rare for this specific negative emotion, one might say 'Hesādat na-varz!' (Do not practice jealousy!). However, in formal literature, the more common form would be the prohibitive 'Ma-varz'. Understanding these variations allows a learner to move from basic communication to a deep appreciation of Persian stylistic choices.

If you are walking through a bazaar in Tehran or chatting with friends over tea, you might not hear حسادت ورزیدن very often. In those settings, people prefer the simpler hasoodi kardan. However, the moment you turn on the television to watch a documentary, open a classic book of poetry, or attend a university lecture, this verb becomes indispensable. It is a hallmark of 'Ketābi' (bookish) or formal Persian.

Media & News: News anchors and political analysts use this verb to describe international relations or the motivations of political figures. It sounds more objective and serious than the colloquial alternatives.

In the realm of Persian literature, both classical and modern, حسادت ورزیدن is a recurring theme. Persian culture has a long history of moral and ethical philosophy (Akhlāq), where the 'vices of the soul' are dissected. Jealousy is considered one of the most destructive vices. Therefore, in the works of Saadi, Rumi, or Hafez, and their modern commentators, you will see this verb used to describe the spiritual struggle against envy.

در ادبیات کلاسیک، رقیبان عاشق همواره به او حسادت می‌ورزیدند.

Translation: In classical literature, the lover's rivals always practiced jealousy toward him.

You will also encounter this word in dubbed films and historical dramas. When a king's advisor speaks of a rival courtier, or when a character in a period piece expresses their resentment, the translators often choose 'hesādat varzidan' to maintain the historical or formal atmosphere of the setting. It adds a layer of 'gravitas' to the dialogue that 'hasoodi' simply cannot provide.

Academic psychology and self-help books in Persian also rely heavily on this term. If you read a Persian translation of a book on emotional intelligence or social psychology, 'hesādat varzidan' will be the standard translation for 'to envy' or 'to be jealous'. It allows the author to discuss the emotion as a behavioral habit or a psychological state rather than a simple feeling.

روانشناسان معتقدند که حسادت ورزیدن ریشه در کمبود اعتماد به نفس دارد.

Finally, religious sermons and ethical teachings (Mawa'iz) use this verb frequently. Since jealousy (Hasad) is a major topic in Islamic ethics, the verb 'hesādat varzidan' is used to warn the faithful against the dangers of this emotion. In this context, it is often paired with verbs like 'pāksāzi' (purification) or 'tark kardan' (leaving/quitting).

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using حسادت ورزیدن is using the wrong preposition. In English, we say 'I am jealous of you.' This leads many learners to use the Persian preposition az (from/of). However, as mentioned before, the correct preposition is be. Saying 'Az oo hesādat mi-varzam' is grammatically incorrect and sounds very jarring to a native ear.

Incorrect Preposition: Wrong: او از من حسادت می‌ورزد.
Right: او به من حسادت می‌ورزد.

Another mistake involves confusing 'hesādat' with 'ghebte'. While both involve wanting what someone else has, 'hesādat' has a negative, destructive connotation (wishing the other person didn't have it), whereas 'ghebte' is positive (wishing you also had it). Using 'hesādat varzidan' when you actually mean you admire someone's success can come off as unintentionally hostile. If you want to say 'I'm so jealous of your beautiful house!' in a friendly way, use 'ghebte mikhoram'.

اشتباه متداول: استفاده از حسادت ورزیدن برای بیان تحسین و تمجید.

Note: Only use this verb for the negative, resentful type of jealousy.

A stylistic error is mixing registers. Since 'varzidan' is a very formal auxiliary, using it in the middle of a sentence filled with slang or very casual Tehrani contractions can sound awkward. For example, 'Man behesh hesādat mi-varzam' (mixing the casual '-esh' with formal 'varzidan') is less common than 'Man be oo hesādat mi-varzam'. Consistency in register is key to sounding natural in Persian.

Learners also sometimes forget the 'mi-' prefix in the present tense. Because 'varzidan' is less common in daily speech, learners might treat it like an irregular verb or forget the continuous aspect. Always remember: 'mi-varzam', 'mi-varzi', 'mi-varzad'. Also, ensure you don't confuse it with 'varzesh kardan' (to exercise), although they share the same root.

نباید اجازه دهیم که حسادت ورزیدن به یک عادت در زندگی ما تبدیل شود.

Lastly, be careful with the word order. In Persian, the verb always comes at the end. Some learners, influenced by English, might try to put 'hesādat varzidan' earlier in the sentence. Keep the 'be + object' phrase before the verb to maintain the correct Persian syntax.

Persian is a language rich in synonyms, especially for emotions. Understanding the alternatives to حسادت ورزیدن will help you choose the right word for the right context. The most direct alternative is حسودی کردن (hasoodi kardan). This is the standard, everyday version of the verb. It is used by children, friends, and family in casual settings.

Comparison: Hesādat vs. Rashk: حسادت (Hesādat): Usually negative, implies resentment and wishing ill for the other person.
رشک (Rashk): More literary and sometimes slightly less negative, similar to 'envy' in a poetic sense.

Another important word is رشک بردن (rashk bordan). This is also a formal/literary verb. While 'hesādat' is of Arabic origin, 'rashk' is a pure Persian (Pahlavi) word. In classical poetry, poets often prefer 'rashk' because of its ancient roots and slightly different aesthetic feel. You 'carry' (bordan) rashk, whereas you 'practice' (varzidan) hesādat.

گل‌ها به زیبایی معشوق رشک می‌برند.

Translation: The flowers envy (carry rashk for) the beauty of the beloved.

As mentioned in previous sections, غبطه خوردن (ghebte khordan) is the positive alternative. It literally means 'to eat ghebte'. This is the word you should use when you want to say 'I'm so jealous of your talent!' without sounding like a hater. It implies: 'I wish I had what you have, and I'm happy you have it.'

For more extreme versions of jealousy, you might encounter بخل ورزیدن (bokhl varzidan). While 'bokhl' primarily means stinginess, in an ethical context, it can mean begrudging someone else's happiness. This is even more formal and is usually found in religious or moral texts. It suggests a narrowness of spirit.

او نه تنها کمک نمی‌کرد، بلکه به موفقیت دیگران هم بخل می‌ورزید.

Finally, there is the noun hasad itself. You might see the phrase 'hasad bordan' (to carry jealousy). This is very similar to 'hesādat varzidan' but slightly less common as a compound verb in modern prose. By understanding these shades of meaning—from the casual 'hasoodi' to the poetic 'rashk' and the ethical 'bokhl'—you can navigate Persian social and literary landscapes with much greater precision.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The verb 'varzidan' is also the root of the word 'varzesh' (sports). So, in a literal sense, 'hesādat varzidan' is like doing a 'jealousy workout'.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /he.sɒː.dæt vær.zi.dæn/

US /he.sɑː.dæt vær.zi.dæn/

The primary stress in 'hesādat' is on the last syllable '-dat'. In 'varzidan', it is on '-dan'.

Rima com

آموزیدن (āmuzidan) افروختن (afrukhtan - partial) لرزیدن (larzidan) ترسیدن (tarsidan) پرسیدن (porsidan) ورزیدن (varzidan) ارزیدن (arzidan) ورزیده (varzide)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing 'hesādat' as 'hezādat' (using 'z' instead of 's').
Shortening the 'ā' in 'hesādat' to a short 'a'.
Misplacing stress on the first syllable of 'varzidan'.
Failing to pronounce the 'h' clearly at the beginning.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'varzesh'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal auxiliary verbs and Arabic roots.

Escrita 5/5

Challenging to use the correct preposition and register consistently.

Expressão oral 3/5

Easy to pronounce, but sounds overly formal in casual talk.

Audição 4/5

Common in formal media, must be distinguished from similar sounding words.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

حسادت ورزیدن به کردن احساس

Aprenda a seguir

غبطه خوردن رشک بردن بخل کینه عشق ورزیدن

Avançado

تنگ‌نظری منافسه غرض‌ورزی خباثت پاک‌دامنی

Gramática essencial

Compound Verbs with Varzidan

عشق ورزیدن، مهر ورزیدن، کینه ورزیدن

Preposition 'be' for Emotions

به او علاقه دارم، به او حسادت می‌ورزم

Subjunctive Mood for Advice

نباید به دیگران حسادت بورزی

Past Continuous for Habits

او همیشه به من حسادت می‌ورزید

Noun as Subject (Gerund)

حسادت ورزیدن صفت بدی است

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

او به من حسادت می‌ورزد.

He is jealous of me.

Simple present tense.

حسادت ورزیدن بد است.

Practicing jealousy is bad.

Gerund use.

چرا به او حسادت می‌ورزی؟

Why are you jealous of him?

Question form.

من حسادت نمی‌ورزم.

I am not jealous.

Negative present.

آن‌ها به خانه ما حسادت می‌ورزند.

They are jealous of our house.

Plural subject.

او نباید حسادت بورزد.

He should not be jealous.

Subjunctive with 'nabāyad'.

ما به کسی حسادت نمی‌ورزیم.

We are not jealous of anyone.

Negative present plural.

آیا تو حسادت می‌ورزی؟

Are you jealous?

Question with 'āyā'.

برادرم به مدال من حسادت ورزید.

My brother was jealous of my medal.

Simple past.

او همیشه به دوستانش حسادت می‌ورزد.

He is always jealous of his friends.

Present continuous (habitual).

نباید به موفقیت دیگران حسادت ورزید.

One should not be jealous of others' success.

Impersonal 'should not'.

آن زن به زیبایی خواهرش حسادت می‌ورزید.

That woman used to be jealous of her sister's beauty.

Past continuous/habitual.

او هیچ‌گاه به من حسادت نورزیده است.

He has never been jealous of me.

Present perfect negative.

حسادت ورزیدن به دیگران فایده‌ای ندارد.

There is no point in being jealous of others.

Gerund as subject.

او سعی کرد که حسادت نورزد.

He tried not to be jealous.

Subjunctive after 'try'.

بچه‌ها گاهی به هم حسادت می‌ورزند.

Children sometimes are jealous of each other.

Adverb 'gāhi' (sometimes).

در بسیاری از داستان‌ها، شخصیت منفی به قهرمان حسادت می‌ورزد.

In many stories, the villain is jealous of the hero.

Formal register.

اگر به او حسادت بورزی، خودت رنج خواهی برد.

If you are jealous of him, you yourself will suffer.

Conditional type 1.

او به جای حسادت ورزیدن، سعی کرد خودش را تقویت کند.

Instead of being jealous, he tried to improve himself.

Prepositional phrase 'be jā-ye'.

نویسنده در این کتاب به مفهوم حسادت ورزیدن می‌پردازد.

The author addresses the concept of practicing jealousy in this book.

Formal discussion.

او به جایگاه شغلی همکارش حسادت می‌ورزید.

He was jealous of his colleague's job position.

Past continuous.

حسادت ورزیدن می‌تواند روابط دوستانه را نابود کند.

Practicing jealousy can destroy friendly relationships.

Modal 'tavānestan'.

او اعتراف کرد که مدتی به من حسادت می‌ورزیده است.

He confessed that he had been jealous of me for a while.

Past perfect continuous.

نباید اجازه دهیم حسادت ورزیدن در قلب ما ریشه بدواند.

We must not let jealousy take root in our hearts.

Metaphorical usage.

برخی معتقدند که حسادت ورزیدن واکنشی طبیعی به نابرابری است.

Some believe that practicing jealousy is a natural reaction to inequality.

Sociological context.

او چنان به رقیبش حسادت می‌ورزید که خواب از چشمانش ربوده شده بود.

He was so jealous of his rival that sleep had been stolen from his eyes.

Result clause 'chonān... ke'.

حسادت ورزیدن به جایگاه دیگران، تنها نشانه کمبودهای درونی ماست.

Envying others' status is only a sign of our internal deficiencies.

Philosophical tone.

او با وجود موفقیت‌های بسیار، باز هم به دیگران حسادت می‌ورزید.

Despite many successes, he still practiced jealousy toward others.

Concession 'bā vojud-e'.

در این مقاله، پیامدهای اجتماعی حسادت ورزیدن بررسی شده است.

In this article, the social consequences of practicing jealousy have been examined.

Passive voice.

او هرگز به کسی حسادت نورزیده بود تا اینکه با او آشنا شد.

He had never been jealous of anyone until he met her.

Past perfect.

حسادت ورزیدن در محیط کار می‌تواند مانع از همکاری تیمی شود.

Practicing jealousy in the workplace can prevent team cooperation.

Professional context.

بسیاری از جنگ‌ها در طول تاریخ به دلیل حسادت ورزیدن حاکمان آغاز شده‌اند.

Many wars throughout history have begun due to the jealousy of rulers.

Historical context.

حسادت ورزیدن، در متون اخلاقی، به عنوان یکی از مهلک‌ترین بیماری‌های روح توصیف می‌شود.

In ethical texts, practicing jealousy is described as one of the most fatal diseases of the soul.

Academic register.

او با ظرافت تمام، بدون اینکه مستقیم بگوید، به دستاوردهای علمی من حسادت می‌ورزید.

With total subtlety, without saying it directly, he was jealous of my scientific achievements.

Nuanced description.

تجلی حسادت ورزیدن در روابط انسانی می‌تواند بسیار پیچیده و چندلایه باشد.

The manifestation of practicing jealousy in human relationships can be very complex and multi-layered.

Abstract vocabulary.

شاعر در این بیت، به رقیبانی اشاره می‌کند که به وصال او حسادت می‌ورزند.

In this verse, the poet refers to rivals who are jealous of his union (with the beloved).

Literary analysis.

ساختار این جمله نشان می‌دهد که فاعل به صورت مداوم به مفعول حسادت می‌ورزیده است.

The structure of this sentence shows that the subject has been continuously jealous of the object.

Linguistic analysis.

حسادت ورزیدن نباید با رقابت سالم اشتباه گرفته شود.

Practicing jealousy should not be confused with healthy competition.

Contrastive analysis.

او در خاطراتش می‌نویسد که چگونه حسادت ورزیدن به همکارانش، او را از مسیر اصلی منحرف کرد.

He writes in his memoirs how envying his colleagues diverted him from his main path.

Reflective writing.

تحلیل روان‌کاوانه نشان می‌دهد که حسادت ورزیدن نوعی مکانیسم دفاعی است.

Psychoanalytic analysis shows that practicing jealousy is a type of defense mechanism.

Psychological terminology.

گویی سرنوشت به خوشبختی آن دو حسادت می‌ورزید و راهشان را از هم جدا کرد.

It was as if destiny itself was jealous of their happiness and separated their paths.

Personification and poetic register.

حسادت ورزیدن، در غایی‌ترین شکل خود، به تخریب سوژه و ابژه می‌انجامد.

Practicing jealousy, in its ultimate form, leads to the destruction of both the subject and the object.

Philosophical terminology.

او در تمام طول سخنرانی‌اش، با کنایه‌هایی گزنده به رقیبانش حسادت می‌ورزید.

Throughout his entire speech, he was jealous of his rivals with biting sarcasms.

Advanced descriptive language.

در این تراژدی، حسادت ورزیدن به قدرت، عامل اصلی سقوط قهرمان است.

In this tragedy, envying power is the main cause of the hero's downfall.

Literary theme analysis.

فرهنگ‌هایی که در آن‌ها حسادت ورزیدن نکوهش می‌شود، تمایل بیشتری به همکاری جمعی دارند.

Cultures in which practicing jealousy is condemned have a greater tendency toward collective cooperation.

Anthropological context.

او چنان در منجلاب حسادت ورزیدن غرق شده بود که دیگر زیبایی‌های زندگی را نمی‌دید.

He was so drowned in the quagmire of practicing jealousy that he no longer saw the beauties of life.

Metaphorical intensity.

حسادت ورزیدن به دانش دیگران، سدی در برابر یادگیری و رشد فردی است.

Envying the knowledge of others is a barrier against learning and individual growth.

Educational philosophy.

ویژگی بارز این سبک ادبی، توصیف دقیق و عریان حسادت ورزیدن در لایه‌های پنهان ذهن است.

A prominent feature of this literary style is the precise and naked description of practicing jealousy in the hidden layers of the mind.

Literary criticism.

Sinônimos

حسودی کردن رشک بردن بخل ورزیدن حسد ورزیدن تنگ‌نظری کردن بدخواهی کردن چشم نداشتن غبطه خوردن

Antônimos

خشنود بودن تبریک گفتن ایثار کردن خیرخواهی کردن

Colocações comuns

به شدت حسادت ورزیدن

حسادت ورزیدن به موفقیت

از روی حسادت ورزیدن

عادت به حسادت ورزیدن

حسادت ورزیدن به جایگاه

دست از حسادت ورزیدن برداشتن

شروع به حسادت ورزیدن

حسادت ورزیدن به زیبایی

حسادت ورزیدن به ثروت

حسادت ورزیدن بیجا

Frases Comuns

حسادت نورز

— Do not be jealous. Used as direct advice.

به زندگی دیگران حسادت نورز.

دچار حسادت ورزیدن شدن

— To fall into the trap of being jealous. Implies it is a condition.

او دچار حسادت ورزیدن شده است.

ریشه حسادت ورزیدن

— The root of practicing jealousy. Used in psychological contexts.

ریشه حسادت ورزیدن در کودکی است.

حسادت ورزیدن آشکار

— Obvious jealousy. When the emotion is visible.

او حسادت ورزیدن آشکاری نسبت به من دارد.

حسادت ورزیدن پنهان

— Hidden jealousy. When someone hides their envy.

او در دل به ما حسادت می‌ورزید.

آتش حسادت ورزیدن

— The fire of jealousy. A common metaphor.

آتش حسادت ورزیدن او را سوزاند.

حسادت ورزیدن به رقیب

— Being jealous of a rival. Common in sports or business.

او همیشه به رقیبش حسادت می‌ورزد.

حسادت ورزیدن بی‌پایان

— Endless jealousy. Describing a chronic state.

او حسادت ورزیدن بی‌پایانی دارد.

حسادت ورزیدن بیمارگونه

— Pathological jealousy. Used in medical/psychological contexts.

این یک نوع حسادت ورزیدن بیمارگونه است.

جلوگیری از حسادت ورزیدن

— Preventing jealousy. Used in self-help.

راه‌های جلوگیری از حسادت ورزیدن چیست؟

Frequentemente confundido com

حسادت ورزیدن vs غبطه خوردن

Ghebte is positive admiration; hesādat is negative resentment.

حسادت ورزیدن vs ورزش کردن

Same root (varz), but very different meaning (to exercise).

حسادت ورزیدن vs حس کردن

To feel (general), whereas hesādat is a specific emotion.

Expressões idiomáticas

"چشم دیدن کسی را نداشتن"

— To be so jealous of someone that you can't stand to look at them or their success.

او چشم دیدن موفقیت مرا ندارد.

Informal

"حسود هرگز نیاسود"

— The jealous person never finds peace. A famous Persian proverb.

همانطور که می‌گویند، حسود هرگز نیاسود.

Proverb

"دود از کله‌اش بلند شدن"

— To be extremely angry or jealous (smoke coming from the head).

وقتی جایزه را بردم، دود از کله‌اش بلند شد.

Slang

"دندان قروچه کردن"

— To grind one's teeth out of envy or anger.

او از حسادت دندان قروچه می‌کرد.

Neutral

"خون دل خوردن"

— To suffer internally, sometimes due to jealousy or long-term hardship.

او از حسادت خون دل می‌خورد.

Literary

"آب در دلش تکان نخوردن"

— To be so calm that nothing (like jealousy) affects them. Used as an opposite.

او آنقدر بزرگوار است که با دیدن ثروت دیگران آب در دلش تکان نمی‌خورد.

Idiom

"آتش به جان کسی افتادن"

— To be consumed by a feeling like jealousy.

با دیدن پیروزی من، آتش حسادت به جانش افتاد.

Literary

"پشت پا زدن"

— To sabotage someone out of jealousy.

او از روی حسادت به من پشت پا زد.

Neutral

"زیر پای کسی را خالی کردن"

— To undermine someone, often motivated by envy.

او سعی کرد زیر پای مدیر جدید را خالی کند چون به او حسادت می‌ورزید.

Neutral

"چشم‌تنگی کردن"

— To be stingy or envious of others' possessions.

در حق دوستانت چشم‌تنگی نکن.

Neutral

Fácil de confundir

حسادت ورزیدن vs رشک

Both mean envy.

Rashk is more poetic and pure Persian; Hesādat is more common in formal prose and has an Arabic root.

خورشید به روی او رشک می‌برد.

حسادت ورزیدن vs بخل

Both involve negative feelings toward others' gains.

Bokhl is specifically about being stingy or begrudging; Hesādat is about the burning desire for what others have.

او در مال خود بخل می‌ورزید.

حسادت ورزیدن vs کینه

Both are negative emotions toward others.

Kine is 'malice' or 'grudge' based on past hurt; Hesādat is based on what the other person possesses now.

او کینه مرا به دل گرفت.

حسادت ورزیدن vs رقابت

Jealousy often happens in competition.

Reghābat is the act of competing; Hesādat is the negative emotion that might accompany it.

رقابت سالم باعث پیشرفت می‌شود.

حسادت ورزیدن vs دشمنی

Jealousy can lead to enmity.

Doshmani is active hostility; Hesādat is the internal feeling that causes it.

آن‌ها با هم دشمنی دارند.

Padrões de frases

من به او حسادت می‌ورزم.

I am jealous of him.

او به برادرش حسادت ورزید.

He was jealous of his brother.

نباید به موفقیت دیگران حسادت ورزید.

One should not be jealous of others' success.

او همیشه در حال حسادت ورزیدن است.

He is always in the state of practicing jealousy.

اگر به او حسادت بورزی، تنها خودت را خسته می‌کنی.

If you are jealous of him, you only tire yourself.

حسادت ورزیدن به جایگاه دیگران نشانه ضعف است.

Envying others' status is a sign of weakness.

گویی کل کائنات به عشق آن‌ها حسادت می‌ورزید.

As if the whole universe was jealous of their love.

او از حسادت ورزیدن به رقیبانش دست برنمی‌داشت.

He would not stop practicing jealousy toward his rivals.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

حسادت (hesādat - jealousy)

حسود (hasood - jealous person)

حسد (hasad - envy)

Verbos

حسودی کردن (hasoodi kardan - to be jealous)

ورزیدن (varzidan - to practice)

Adjetivos

حسود (hasood - jealous)

حسودانه (hasoodāne - jealously)

Relacionado

رشک (rashk)

بخل (bokhl)

غبطه (ghebte)

رقابت (reghābat)

کینه (kine)

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

frequency

Common in written Persian and formal media; rare in daily conversation.

Erros comuns

او از من حسادت می‌ورزد. → او به من حسادت می‌ورزد.
The preposition 'az' (from/of) is incorrect in Persian for this verb; 'be' (to) must be used.
من به تو حسادت می‌ورزم! (as a compliment) → من به تو غبطه می‌خورم!
Hesādat varzidan is negative and implies ill-will. Ghebte khordan is for positive admiration.
او حسادت ورزید کرد. → او حسادت ورزید.
Don't add 'kardan' to 'varzidan'. Varzidan is already the auxiliary verb.
او به من حسادت می‌ورزد. (in a very casual chat) → او به من حسودی می‌کنه.
While grammatically correct, it sounds unnaturally formal in a casual setting.
حسادت ورزیدن به جای 'ورزش کردن' → ورزش کردن
Confusing the root 'varz' (practice) with 'varzesh' (sports).

Dicas

The Preposition Rule

Always pair 'حسادت ورزیدن' with 'به'. Think of it as directing your energy 'toward' someone.

When to Use

Use this verb in writing, speeches, or formal discussions. It shows you have a high level of Persian.

The Positive Alternative

If you want to compliment someone, don't say you 'hesādat mi-varzi'. Say you 'ghebte mi-khori'.

Evil Eye Connection

Remember that in Iran, jealousy is often linked to the 'evil eye'. Using a formal word like this can sound more clinical or analytical.

Workout Mnemonic

Associate 'varzidan' with 'varzesh' (sports). Jealousy is a 'bad workout' for the soul.

Adverb Pairing

Pair it with 'بی‌مورد' (pointless) to describe unnecessary jealousy: حسادت ورزیدن بی‌مورد.

News Keywords

When you hear 'hesādat varzidan' on the news, it usually refers to regional rivalries or political competition.

Subjunctive Practice

Practice saying 'Nabāyad hesādat varzid' (One should not be jealous) as a general moral statement.

Root Recognition

Recognize the 'H-S-D' root in other words like 'hasood' and 'hasad' to expand your vocabulary.

Avoid Slang

Don't use this verb with slang words like 'khafan' or 'damet garm'. It ruins the formal tone.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'Hesādat' as 'He's a dot'—someone who feels so small (like a dot) that they are jealous of others. 'Varzidan' sounds like 'Wizard'—imagine a wizard practicing a spell of jealousy.

Associação visual

Imagine a green-eyed monster (jealousy) doing push-ups (practicing/varzidan). This connects the emotion with the 'active' nature of the verb.

Word Web

Jealousy Practice Formal Resentment Rivalry Moral vice Emotions Compound Verb

Desafio

Try to write three sentences about a historical figure who might have practiced jealousy (hesādat varzidan) toward a rival.

Origem da palavra

A compound of 'hesādat' (Arabic origin 'Hasad') and 'varzidan' (Middle Persian 'varzidan').

Significado original: The root 'Hasad' in Arabic refers to wishing for the removal of a blessing from another. 'Varzidan' in Old Persian meant to work, till, or practice.

Indo-European (Persian component) and Afroasiatic (Arabic component).

Contexto cultural

Be careful when accusing someone of 'hesādat varzیدن'; it is a serious moral charge in Persian culture.

In English, 'jealousy' and 'envy' are often used interchangeably, but 'hesādat varzidan' specifically targets the more negative, formal sense of 'envy'.

Rumi's Masnavi (discussions on the ego) Saadi's Gulistan (moral tales about envy) Modern Iranian psychological dramas (like those by Asghar Farhadi)

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Literature

رقیب حسادت می‌ورزید
حسادت ورزیدن به معشوق
آتش حسادت
حسادت ورزیدن مدعی

Psychology

درمان حسادت ورزیدن
علل حسادت ورزیدن
حسادت ورزیدن در کودکان
عواقب حسادت ورزیدن

Workplace

حسادت ورزیدن به همکار
رقابت و حسادت ورزیدن
محیط آلوده به حسادت
ترویج حسادت ورزیدن

Family

حسادت ورزیدن بین فرزندان
حسادت ورزیدن به همسر
ریشه‌های خانوادگی حسادت
جلوگیری از حسادت

Ethics/Religion

گناه حسادت ورزیدن
نکوهش حسادت ورزیدن
پاکی از حسادت ورزیدن
حسادت ورزیدن و ایمان

Iniciadores de conversa

"آیا تا به حال به کسی حسادت ورزیده‌ای؟"

"به نظر تو چرا مردم به هم حسادت می‌ورزند؟"

"چطور می‌توانیم جلوی حسادت ورزیدن را بگیریم؟"

"آیا حسادت ورزیدن همیشه بد است یا می‌تواند انگیزه ایجاد کند؟"

"تفاوت حسادت ورزیدن و غبطه خوردن در چیست؟"

Temas para diário

درباره زمانی بنویس که به موفقیت کسی حسادت ورزیدی و چه حسی داشتی.

چگونه حسادت ورزیدن می‌تواند به یک رابطه صمیمی آسیب بزند؟

نقش شبکه‌های اجتماعی در افزایش حسادت ورزیدن در جامعه امروزی چیست؟

آیا در فرهنگ شما، حسادت ورزیدن یک ویژگی بسیار منفی تلقی می‌شود؟

چگونه می‌توان حس حسادت ورزیدن را به یک حس مثبت مثل تلاش بیشتر تبدیل کرد؟

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Rarely. In daily life, Iranians use 'حسودی کردن' (hasoodi kardan). Using 'حسادت ورزیدن' in a casual chat might make you sound like you are reading from a textbook.

Both mean jealousy. 'Hasad' is the direct Arabic loanword, while 'Hesādat' is the Persianized form. In compound verbs, 'hesādat varzidan' is more common than 'hasad varzidan' in modern prose.

No. This is a common mistake. You must use 'be' (to). For example: 'Be oo hesādat mi-varzam' (I am jealous of him).

Yes, 'hesādat varzidan' almost always carries a negative connotation of resentment. For positive envy, use 'غبطه خوردن'.

Use the past stem 'varzid'. For example: 'Man hesādat varzidam' (I was jealous).

On its own, it means to practice or exercise. It is rarely used alone today and almost always appears as part of a compound verb like 'eshgh varzidan' or 'hesādat varzidan'.

Yes, a person who is jealous is called 'hasood' (حسود).

The root 'hasad' is used in the Quran, and Persian translations of the Quran often use 'حسادت ورزیدن' to explain those verses.

Yes, but 'gheirat' (protectiveness) or 'hasoodi' are more common in romantic contexts. 'Hesādat varzidan' sounds more like you envy your partner's success rather than being protective.

The most common poetic synonym is 'رشک بردن' (rashk bordan).

Cadastre-se grátis para ver dicas e notas