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A1 noun #1,000 mais comum 8 min de leitura

لیست

list Top 1,000

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas لیست em 30 segundos

Explicação لیست in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word لیست is one of the most accessible and immediately useful words you can learn. Because it sounds almost identical to the English word 'list', it requires very little effort to memorize. At this beginner stage, you will primarily use it to talk about basic daily necessities. The most common phrase you will need is لیست خرید (list-e kharid), which means 'shopping list'. You can use simple verbs like داشتن (to have) or نوشتن (to write) with it. For example, 'من یک لیست دارم' (man yek list daram) means 'I have a list'. It is a safe, universally understood word that helps you navigate supermarkets, basic planning, and simple conversations without needing to learn complex Persian vocabulary. It acts as a bridge word, giving you confidence as you start forming basic sentences in Persian.

Moving into the A2 level, your use of لیست expands beyond just shopping. You start using it to organize your daily life and communicate with others about tasks. You will learn to use it with the Ezafe marker more naturally, creating phrases like لیست کارها (list of tasks/to-do list) or لیست مهمان‌ها (guest list). At this stage, you also begin to understand simple prepositions associated with the word. You will learn that to say someone is 'on' a list, you use 'dar' (in), as in 'اسم تو در لیست است' (Your name is on the list). You will also start encountering the plural form, لیست‌ها (lists), and use it in sentences like 'من دو تا لیست دارم' (I have two lists). This level is about building practical, everyday fluency, and لیست is a core component of organizing that daily routine.

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At the B1 level, your conversational skills are becoming more fluid, and you start encountering لیست in professional, educational, and digital contexts. You will hear and use phrases like لیست حضور و غیاب (attendance list) in classrooms or لیست قیمت (price list) in shops and businesses. You also begin to use more complex verbs with the word, such as تهیه کردن (to prepare) or اضافه کردن (to add). For instance, 'لطفاً این را به لیست اضافه کن' (Please add this to the list). Furthermore, you will navigate digital interfaces in Persian, recognizing terms like لیست پخش (playlist) on Spotify or YouTube. At this intermediate stage, you also learn to distinguish between the informal loanword لیست and the more formal native word فهرست, knowing when to use which based on the social context.

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By the B2 level, you are comfortable using لیست in a wide variety of abstract and idiomatic ways. You understand concepts like لیست سیاه (blacklist) and لیست انتظار (waiting list). You can discuss administrative processes, such as 'قرار گرفتن در لیست انتظار' (being placed on a waiting list). Your sentence structures become more complex, incorporating relative clauses: 'لیستی که دیروز به من دادی گم شد' (The list that you gave me yesterday got lost). You are also fully aware of the register differences, seamlessly switching to فهرست when writing a formal email or an academic paper, but sticking to لیست when chatting with colleagues. At this level, the word is fully integrated into your active vocabulary, allowing you to express organizational and administrative concepts with native-like ease.

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At the C1 level, your mastery of Persian allows you to use لیست in nuanced, professional, and literary discussions. While you still use it for everyday tasks, you also engage with it in complex business negotiations, project management, and data analysis. You might discuss 'لیست کردن مشکلات' (listing the problems) as a verbal phrase, showing your ability to use the noun as a compound verb. You understand the subtle implications of being 'on the list' in political or social contexts. You also recognize when journalists or authors use the word for stylistic reasons versus when they opt for more traditional terms like سیاهه or فهرست. Your use of the word is flawless, with perfect pronunciation, correct prepositional usage, and an intuitive grasp of its collocations in high-level discourse.

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At the C2 mastery level, the word لیست is a trivial part of your vast vocabulary, but your understanding of its sociolinguistic position is profound. You recognize it as a symbol of modern Persian's integration of French and English loanwords. You can debate the purity of the Persian language, discussing whether institutions like the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (Farhangestan) should enforce the use of فهرست over لیست. You can read historical texts and understand why سیاهه was used instead, and you can effortlessly navigate the most complex bureaucratic documents, financial statements (صورت‌حساب), and technical manuals (جدول داده‌ها), knowing exactly where the colloquial لیست fits into the grand tapestry of the Persian language. You use it not just to communicate, but to express cultural and linguistic identity.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

لیست em 30 segundos

A direct loanword meaning 'list'.
Used for shopping, tasks, and names.
Takes the Ezafe marker (لیستِ).
Plural is لیست‌ها (list-ha).

The Persian word لیست (pronounced 'list') is a direct loanword from the French 'liste' and is used in almost exactly the same way as the English word 'list'. It refers to a series of items, names, numbers, or tasks written or printed together, typically one below the other. In modern Persian, this word is ubiquitous. You will hear it in grocery stores, offices, schools, and everyday conversations. While there is a native Persian equivalent, فهرست (fehrest), which is often used in more formal, academic, or literary contexts, لیست is the go-to word for daily, informal, and standard communication. Understanding how to use this word is essential for any Persian learner, as it forms the basis of many common interactions, such as making a shopping list, checking a to-do list, or looking at a list of names.

Everyday Usage: Used for shopping, tasks, and simple enumerations.

من یک لیست خرید دارم.

When you are organizing your day, you might create a لیست کارها (list of tasks or to-do list). This helps in managing time efficiently. In professional environments, managers often ask for a لیست حضور و غیاب (attendance list) or a لیست قیمت (price list). These compound phrases are deeply integrated into the Persian business vocabulary.

Business Context: Essential for inventory, pricing, and human resources management.

لطفاً لیست قیمت‌ها را برای من بفرستید.

Furthermore, in the digital age, the concept of a list has expanded to include dropdown menus on websites, playlists on music apps (لیست پخش), and contact lists on smartphones (لیست مخاطبین).

آهنگ جدید را به لیست پخش اضافه کن.

The versatility of the word makes it a high-frequency vocabulary item. You do not need to worry about complex conjugations or declensions with this word, as it is a simple noun. It takes standard plural markers, becoming لیست‌ها (lists), though in spoken Persian, you might hear it pronounced simply as 'list-ha'.

Digital Usage: Commonly used in software interfaces, apps, and websites.

اسم او در لیست سیاه است.

The phrase لیست سیاه (blacklist) is also a direct translation from English and is used metaphorically to describe someone who is banned or out of favor.

ما باید یک لیست جدید تهیه کنیم.

Preparing a list is usually expressed with the verb تهیه کردن (to prepare) or نوشتن (to write). By mastering the word لیست, you unlock the ability to organize your thoughts, communicate your needs clearly in commercial settings, and navigate digital interfaces in Persian. It is a foundational word that bridges the gap between basic survival vocabulary and more advanced organizational communication.

Using the word لیست in Persian sentences is straightforward because it functions exactly like a standard noun. It can be the subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase. When you want to say 'I am writing a list', you say من دارم یک لیست می‌نویسم. Notice how the indefinite article یک (one/a) precedes the word, just like in English.

Direct Object: When the list receives the action of the verb, such as writing or reading.

او لیست را گم کرد.

In this example, 'را' (ra) is the definite object marker, indicating that a specific list was lost. If you are adding items to a list, you use the preposition به (to). For instance, 'Add my name to the list' translates to اسم من را به لیست اضافه کن. The Ezafe construction is crucial here. To say 'shopping list', you do not just put the two words together; you link them with an 'e' sound: لیستِ خرید (list-e kharid).

Ezafe Construction: Linking the noun to its modifier or possessor.

این لیستِ مهمان‌ها است.

This means 'This is the list of guests'. You can also use it with adjectives. A 'long list' is لیستِ طولانی (list-e toolani).

ما یک لیست طولانی از مشکلات داریم.

When talking about being 'on' a list, Persian uses the preposition در (in) or تو (in - colloquial). So, 'Your name is on the list' is اسم شما در لیست است (formal) or اسمت تو لیسته (informal).

Prepositions: Use 'dar' or 'too' to indicate inclusion in a list.

آیا من در لیست هستم؟

Another common verb used with لیست is خط زدن (to cross out). If you finish a task, you might say من این کار را از لیست خط زدم (I crossed this task off the list).

نام او از لیست حذف شد.

This means 'His name was removed from the list'. By practicing these sentence structures, you will naturally integrate the word into your daily Persian conversations, ensuring that your speech sounds natural and fluent.

You will hear the word لیست in almost every facet of daily life in Iran and among Persian speakers worldwide. It is a word that transcends formal and informal boundaries, making it incredibly versatile. One of the most common places you will hear it is in the household, specifically related to shopping. Before going to the supermarket, a family member might ask, لیست خرید رو نوشتی؟ (Did you write the shopping list?).

Household: Used constantly for groceries and chores.

لیست خرید روی یخچال است.

In educational settings, teachers and professors frequently use this word. They might refer to the لیست حضور و غیاب (attendance list) at the beginning of a class or a لیست منابع (reference list) for a research paper.

استاد لیست دانشجویان را خواند.

In the workplace, the word is equally prevalent. During meetings, a manager might ask for a لیست وظایف (task list) or a لیست مشتریان (client list).

Workplace: Essential for project management and reporting.

لطفاً لیست پروژه‌ها را آپدیت کنید.

Restaurants and cafes are another common environment. While the word 'menu' (منو) is widely used, you might also hear people refer to the لیست غذاها (list of foods) or لیست قیمت‌ها (price list).

آیا لیست نوشیدنی‌ها را دارید؟

Furthermore, in the realm of entertainment and technology, the word is unavoidable. Music streaming apps feature a لیست پخش (playlist), and social media platforms have a لیست دوستان (friends list).

Technology: Used in software localization for menus and directories.

این فیلم در لیست علاقه‌مندی‌های من است.

Whether you are watching a Persian movie, listening to a podcast, or simply chatting with a friend on WhatsApp, the word لیست will frequently appear, proving its status as a core component of the modern Persian lexicon.

While لیست is a simple loanword, learners often make a few predictable mistakes when using it in Persian. The most common error involves the Ezafe marker. Because 'list' ends in a consonant cluster in English, learners sometimes forget to add the short 'e' sound when connecting it to another noun. For example, saying 'list kharid' instead of the correct لیستِ خرید (list-e kharid).

Ezafe Omission: Forgetting the linking vowel is the #1 mistake.

Incorrect: لیست خرید. Correct: لیستِ خرید.

Another frequent mistake is using the wrong preposition. In English, we say someone is 'on' a list. Direct translation leads learners to say روی لیست (rooy-e list), which literally means physically on top of the paper. The correct Persian phrasing is در لیست (dar list) or تو لیست (too list), meaning 'in' the list.

اسم من در لیست است.

Learners also sometimes confuse لیست with the native word فهرست (fehrest). While they are often interchangeable, using لیست for the table of contents of a classic poetry book sounds unnatural; فهرست is much better there. Conversely, using فهرست for a quick grocery run sounds overly formal and slightly humorous.

Register Confusion: Using formal words for informal situations and vice versa.

برای کتاب از فهرست و برای خرید از لیست استفاده کنید.

Pronunciation can also be a minor hurdle. In English, the 'i' in list is short. In Persian, it is pronounced with a slightly longer 'ee' sound, like 'leest'. Saying it with a sharp, short English 'i' will immediately mark you as a foreigner, though you will still be understood perfectly.

Pronunciation: Ensure the vowel matches the Persian 'ی' (ee).

تلفظ صحیح لیست با صدای کشیده است.

Finally, when making it plural, learners might try to use Arabic broken plurals or complex suffixes. The simple and correct way is to add ها (ha), making it لیست‌ها. Keep it simple, remember the Ezafe, use 'dar' instead of 'rooy-e', and you will use this word flawlessly.

While لیست is incredibly common, Persian has a rich vocabulary that offers several alternatives depending on the exact context and the level of formality required. The most direct and formal synonym is فهرست (fehrest). This word is native to Persian and is used extensively in literature, academia, and formal broadcasting. When you open a book, the table of contents is always called فهرست, never لیست.

فهرست (Fehrest): Formal, used for books, academic papers, and official documents.

لطفاً به فهرست کتاب نگاه کنید، نه لیست.

Another related word is صورت (soorat). While صورت primarily means 'face', in administrative and commercial contexts, it means a list or a bill. For example, صورت‌حساب (soorat-hesab) means the bill or invoice in a restaurant or business. You might also hear صورت‌جلسه (soorat-jalaseh), which means the minutes of a meeting—essentially a list of things discussed.

صورت (Soorat): Used in financial contexts like bills and invoices.

گارسون صورت‌حساب را آورد، نه لیست را.

The word جدول (jadval) is also related but specifically means 'table' or 'grid' (like an Excel spreadsheet or a crossword puzzle). If your list is organized into rows and columns with different data points, it is better described as a جدول rather than a simple لیست.

این اطلاعات را در یک جدول قرار دهید، نه یک لیست ساده.

Finally, an older, more archaic term is سیاهه (siyaheh). You will rarely hear this in modern spoken Persian, but you might encounter it in historical texts or very formal legal documents referring to an inventory or a detailed list of items.

سیاهه (Siyaheh): Archaic term for inventory or list.

در کتاب‌های قدیمی به جای لیست از کلمه سیاهه استفاده می‌شد.

Knowing these alternatives enriches your vocabulary and allows you to choose the perfect word for the specific context, moving from the everyday convenience of لیست to the formal precision of فهرست or جدول.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

Because it is a French loanword, older generations of Iranians might pronounce it with a slightly more French inflection, though today it sounds identical to the English pronunciation of 'least'. It is one of hundreds of French words (like merci, maman, ascenseur) that are now considered standard Persian.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /liːst/

US /list/

The word is a single syllable, so the stress falls entirely on the word itself.

Rima com

بیست (bist - twenty) نیست (nist - is not) کیست (kist - who is) چیست (chist - what is) زیست (zist - biology/life) ایست (ist - stop) گریست (gerist - wept) نگریست (negarist - looked)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing it with a short English 'i' (like in 'sit'). It should be a long 'ee' (like in 'seat').
Forgetting the Ezafe (-e) when connecting it to another noun (e.g., saying 'list kharid' instead of 'list-e kharid').
Adding an epenthetic vowel at the end (e.g., 'liste') when it's not connected to anything.
Using the preposition 'rooy-e' (on) instead of 'dar' or 'too' (in) when saying someone is 'on the list'.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'lis' (to lick).

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 1/5

Very easy to read. Only four letters: ل-ی-س-ت.

Escrita 1/5

Spelled exactly as it sounds. No tricky letters.

Expressão oral 1/5

Pronunciation is almost identical to English.

Audição 1/5

Easily recognizable in fast speech.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

خرید (shopping) نوشتن (to write) کاغذ (paper) اسم (name) کار (work/task)

Aprenda a seguir

فهرست (formal list) جدول (table) اضافه کردن (to add) خط زدن (to cross out) برنامه (plan/schedule)

Avançado

رده‌بندی (ranking) موجودی (inventory) سیاهه (archaic list) صورت‌جلسه (minutes of meeting) آمار (statistics)

Gramática essencial

The Ezafe Marker (-e)

لیستِ خرید (list-e kharid) - Used to link the noun 'list' to its modifier.

Prepositions of Place (در vs روی)

اسم من در لیست است (My name is in the list). We do not use روی (on) for lists.

Definite Object Marker (را)

لیست را خواندم (I read the list). Used when referring to a specific list.

Pluralization with ها

لیست‌ها (lists). Standard plural marker for inanimate and animate nouns.

Compound Verbs

لیست کردن (to list). Using a noun + kardan to create a new verb.

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Exemplos por nível

من یک لیست دارم.

I have a list.

Basic subject-object-verb structure. 'yek' means one/a.

این لیست خرید است.

This is the shopping list.

Uses the Ezafe '-e' to connect list and kharid (shopping).

لیست کجاست؟

Where is the list?

'Kojast' is a contraction of 'koja' (where) and 'ast' (is).

من لیست را می‌خوانم.

I am reading the list.

'ra' is the definite object marker.

آن لیست بلند است.

That list is long.

Adjectives follow the noun with an Ezafe, but here it's a predicate adjective.

لیست را به من بده.

Give the list to me.

Imperative form of the verb 'dadan' (to give).

ما لیست نداریم.

We don't have a list.

Negative form of 'dashtan' (to have).

اسم تو در لیست است.

Your name is on the list.

Uses 'dar' (in) instead of 'on' for lists.

من باید یک لیست جدید بنویسم.

I must write a new list.

Uses modal verb 'bayad' (must) with subjunctive 'benevisam'.

لیست مهمان‌ها روی میز است.

The guest list is on the table.

Plural noun 'mehman-ha' connected with Ezafe.

آیا لیست کارها را تمام کردی؟

Did you finish the to-do list?

Past tense question.

او اسم من را از لیست خط زد.

He crossed my name off the list.

Compound verb 'khat zadan' (to cross out).

ما دو تا لیست متفاوت داریم.

We have two different lists.

Use of 'ta' as a counting word.

لیست قیمت‌ها تغییر کرده است.

The price list has changed.

Present perfect tense 'taghyir kardeh ast'.

لطفاً این را تو لیست بنویس.

Please write this in the list.

Colloquial 'too' instead of formal 'dar'.

من لیست را در خانه فراموش کردم.

I forgot the list at home.

Past tense of 'faramoush kardan' (to forget).

استاد لیست حضور و غیاب را بررسی کرد.

The professor checked the attendance list.

Vocabulary expansion: 'hozoor o ghiyab' (attendance).

آهنگ مورد علاقه‌ام را به لیست پخش اضافه کردم.

I added my favorite song to the playlist.

Digital vocabulary: 'list-e pakhsh' (playlist).

تهیه کردن این لیست زمان زیادی برد.

Preparing this list took a lot of time.

Infinitive phrase acting as the subject.

شما در لیست انتظار برای بلیط هستید.

You are on the waiting list for the ticket.

Concept of 'list-e entezar' (waiting list).

مدیر از ما خواست لیست مشکلات را ایمیل کنیم.

The manager asked us to email the list of problems.

Subjunctive mood after 'khast' (asked).

این شرکت در لیست سیاه قرار گرفته است.

This company has been placed on the blacklist.

Passive voice construction 'gharar gerefteh ast'.

لیست خرید را بر اساس نیازهای هفته مرتب کن.

Organize the shopping list based on the week's needs.

Use of 'bar asas-e' (based on).

آیا می‌توانی یک لیست از منابع معتبر پیدا کنی؟

Can you find a list of reliable sources?

Adjective 'motabar' (reliable) modifying the noun.

لیستی که دیروز برایم فرستادی ناقص بود.

The list that you sent me yesterday was incomplete.

Relative clause using 'ke' (that).

ما باید تمام اقلام را پیش از جلسه لیست کنیم.

We must list all the items before the meeting.

Using 'list kardan' as a compound verb.

قرار گرفتن در لیست نهایی نیازمند تلاش زیادی است.

Getting on the final list requires a lot of effort.

Gerund phrase 'gharar gereftan' as subject.

دولت لیست جدیدی از داروهای ممنوعه منتشر کرد.

The government published a new list of banned drugs.

Formal vocabulary 'montasher kard' (published).

با وجود اینکه در لیست بودیم، اجازه ورود ندادند.

Even though we were on the list, they didn't allow entry.

Concessive clause 'ba vojood-e inke' (even though).

این نرم‌افزار قابلیت استخراج لیست مخاطبین را دارد.

This software has the ability to extract the contact list.

Technical term 'list-e mokhatabin' (contact list).

من ترجیح می‌دهم به جای لیست، یک جدول دقیق داشته باشم.

I prefer to have a detailed table instead of a list.

Comparing synonyms 'list' and 'jadval'.

لیست بلندبالایی از شکایات به مدیریت ارائه شد.

A lengthy list of complaints was submitted to management.

Idiomatic adjective 'boland-bala' (lengthy/extensive).

گنجاندن نام وی در لیست نامزدها جنجال‌برانگیز شد.

Including his name on the list of candidates became controversial.

Advanced vocabulary 'gonjandan' (including) and 'janjal-barangiz' (controversial).

این لیست صرفاً جنبه پیشنهادی دارد و الزام‌آور نیست.

This list is purely suggestive and is not binding.

Formal legal/administrative phrasing.

برای شفاف‌سازی، تمامی تراکنش‌ها باید لیست شوند.

For transparency, all transactions must be listed.

Passive compound verb 'list shavand'.

منتقدان معتقدند که این لیست جامعیت لازم را ندارد.

Critics believe that this list lacks the necessary comprehensiveness.

Abstract noun 'jame'iyyat' (comprehensiveness).

حذف تدریجی یارانه‌ها در صدر لیست برنامه‌های اقتصادی است.

The gradual elimination of subsidies is at the top of the list of economic plans.

Complex genitive chain (Ezafe).

لیست سیاه گروه ویژه اقدام مالی تأثیر مخربی بر اقتصاد داشت.

The FATF blacklist had a devastating impact on the economy.

Specific geopolitical terminology.

او با وسواسی خاص، لیست مراجع پایان‌نامه‌اش را تنظیم کرد.

With particular obsession, he organized the reference list of his thesis.

Adverbial phrase 'ba vasvasi khas'.

این سیاهه که شما لیست می‌نامید، فاقد اعتبار تاریخی است.

This inventory that you call a list lacks historical validity.

Contrasting the modern 'list' with the archaic 'siyaheh'.

تقلیل دادن این بحران پیچیده به یک لیست ساده از عوامل، تقلیل‌گرایانه است.

Reducing this complex crisis to a simple list of factors is reductionist.

Academic philosophical discourse.

فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی همواره تلاش کرده تا واژه فهرست را جایگزین لیست کند.

The Academy of Persian Language and Literature has always tried to substitute 'fehrest' for 'list'.

Sociolinguistic context.

در ساختار داده‌ها، لیست پیوندی یکی از مفاهیم بنیادین علوم رایانه محسوب می‌شود.

In data structures, a linked list is considered one of the fundamental concepts of computer science.

Highly technical computer science terminology (list-e peyvandi).

این لیست نه تنها بازتابی از اولویت‌های نهادی است، بلکه نشانگر سوگیری‌های پنهان نیز می‌باشد.

This list is not only a reflection of institutional priorities but also an indicator of hidden biases.

Complex correlative conjunctions (na tanha... balke).

فهرست‌بندی دقیق این اسناد، که عوام آن را صرفاً لیست کردن می‌پندارند، هنری ظریف است.

The precise cataloging of these documents, which laypeople merely consider 'listing', is a delicate art.

Distinguishing between professional cataloging and casual listing.

در گفتمان سیاسی معاصر، قرار گرفتن در لیست تحریم‌ها به ابزاری برای اعمال هژمونی بدل شده است.

In contemporary political discourse, being placed on the sanctions list has become a tool for exerting hegemony.

Advanced political science vocabulary.

آرایه و لیست در برنامه‌نویسی تفاوت‌های ماهوی دارند که درک آن‌ها برای بهینه‌سازی حافظه الزامی است.

Arrays and lists in programming have substantive differences, the understanding of which is mandatory for memory optimization.

Technical distinction between 'araye' (array) and 'list'.

مفهوم لیست در ذهنیت مدرن، نمادی از میل انسان به نظم‌بخشی به جهان آشوبناک پیرامون است.

The concept of the list in the modern mindset is a symbol of human desire to bring order to the chaotic surrounding world.

Literary and philosophical analysis.

Colocações comuns

لیست خرید

لیست سیاه

لیست انتظار

لیست حضور و غیاب

لیست قیمت

لیست پخش

لیست کردن

تو لیست بودن

از لیست خط زدن

لیست بلندبالا

Frases Comuns

تو لیسته

— It is on the list (informal).

نگران نباش، اسمت تو لیسته.

لیست رو چک کن

— Check the list.

قبل از رفتن، لیست رو چک کن.

به لیست اضافه کن

— Add to the list.

شیر را به لیست اضافه کن.

از لیست درآوردن

— To remove from the list.

اسم او را از لیست درآوردند.

لیست بستن

— To finalize a list.

لیست مسافران بسته شد.

سر لیست

— At the top of the list.

او سر لیست کاندیداهاست.

ته لیست

— At the bottom of the list.

اسم من ته لیست بود.

لیست دادن

— To provide a list.

دکتر یک لیست از داروها داد.

لیست برداشتن

— To make a list/take inventory.

از وسایل انبار لیست برداشتیم.

طبق لیست

— According to the list.

کارها را طبق لیست انجام بده.

Frequentemente confundido com

لیست vs فهرست (Fehrest)

Learners often use لیست for book contents. For books and formal documents, always use فهرست.

لیست vs منو (Menu)

Learners might ask for the لیست غذا (list of food) in a restaurant. While understood, 'منو' is the standard term.

لیست vs جدول (Jadval)

If the data is in rows and columns (like Excel), it is a جدول (table), not just a لیست.

Expressões idiomáticas

"تو لیست سیاه بودن"

— To be blacklisted or out of favor with someone.

بعد از آن دعوا، من تو لیست سیاه او هستم.

Informal/Idiomatic

"لیست بلندبالا داشتن"

— To have a very long, almost unreasonable list of demands or complaints.

برای ازدواج یک لیست بلندبالا از شروط داشت.

Neutral

"سر لیست بودن"

— To be the top priority or the most important person in a group.

سلامتی باید سر لیست کارهای تو باشد.

Neutral

"لیست پر کردن"

— To just fill up a list without caring about quality (often used in elections or team selections).

فقط می‌خواستند لیست پر کنند، تخصص مهم نبود.

Informal

"از لیست جا ماندن"

— To be forgotten or excluded from an event or opportunity.

متاسفانه اسم من از لیست جا ماند.

Neutral

"لیست رو هوا بودن"

— When a plan or list of participants is uncertain and not finalized.

هنوز لیست مهمان‌ها رو هواست.

Informal

"تو لیست انتظار خدا بودن"

— A dark humor idiom meaning someone is very old and close to death.

پیرمرد دیگه تو لیست انتظار خداست.

Slang/Humorous

"لیست کردن گناهان"

— To bring up every past mistake someone has made during an argument.

دوباره شروع کرد به لیست کردن گناهان من.

Informal

"با لیست رفتن جلو"

— To do things very systematically and rigidly.

او آدم خشکی است، همیشه با لیست می‌رود جلو.

Informal

"لیست طلایی"

— A VIP list or a list of highly favored individuals.

مشتریان وفادار در لیست طلایی ما هستند.

Formal/Business

Fácil de confundir

لیست vs فهرست

Both mean list.

لیست is a casual loanword for daily tasks. فهرست is a native, formal word for books and official documents.

لیست خرید (shopping list) vs. فهرست کتاب (book index).

لیست vs صورت

Can mean list in business.

صورت usually means face, but in business (صورت‌حساب), it means an invoice or bill, which is a type of list.

صورت‌حساب رستوران (restaurant bill).

لیست vs جدول

Both organize information.

جدول implies a grid with rows and columns. لیست is usually a single vertical column of items.

جدول ضرب (multiplication table).

لیست vs آمار

Both deal with data.

آمار specifically means statistics or a count of something, whereas a list is just the items themselves.

آمار جمعیت (population statistics).

لیست vs ردیف

Relates to lists.

ردیف means a row or a line. Items in a list are placed in rows, but the word itself doesn't mean list.

ردیف اول (first row).

Padrões de frases

من یک لیست [Noun] دارم.

من یک لیست خرید دارم. (I have a shopping list.)

لیست [Noun] کجاست؟

لیست مهمان‌ها کجاست؟ (Where is the guest list?)

اسم [Person] در لیست است.

اسم علی در لیست است. (Ali's name is on the list.)

لطفاً [Item] را به لیست اضافه کن.

لطفاً شیر را به لیست اضافه کن. (Please add milk to the list.)

باید یک لیست از [Noun/Plural] تهیه کنیم.

باید یک لیست از مشکلات تهیه کنیم. (We must prepare a list of problems.)

[Item] را از لیست خط بزن.

این کار را از لیست خط بزن. (Cross this task off the list.)

قرار گرفتن در لیست [Noun] سخت است.

قرار گرفتن در لیست نهایی سخت است. (Getting on the final list is hard.)

این لیست فاقد [Abstract Noun] است.

این لیست فاقد اعتبار است. (This list lacks validity.)

Família de palavras

Substantivos

لیست (list - list)

لیست‌بندی (list-bandi - categorization/listing)

Verbos

لیست کردن (list kardan - to list)

لیست شدن (list shodan - to be listed)

Adjetivos

لیست‌شده (list-shodeh - listed)

Relacionado

فهرست (fehrest - index/list)

جدول (jadval - table)

ردیف (radif - row)

ستون (sotoon - column)

آمار (amar - statistics)

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Como usar

frequency

Extremely High. It is in the top 1000 most frequently used words in spoken Persian.

Erros comuns

Saying 'لیست خرید' without the Ezafe (list kharid). → لیستِ خرید (list-e kharid).
Persian requires the Ezafe marker to link a noun to its modifier or possessor.
Saying 'اسم من روی لیست است' (My name is on the list). → اسم من در لیست است (My name is in the list).
Persian uses 'dar' (in) for lists, not 'rooy-e' (on).
Using 'لیست' for the table of contents of a book. → فهرست (fehrest).
While 'list' is understood, 'fehrest' is the correct and natural term for a book's index or contents.
Pronouncing it with a short 'i' like the English word 'list'. → Pronouncing it with a long 'ee' like 'least'.
The Persian vowel 'ی' produces a long 'ee' sound.
Saying 'لیست ساختن' (to build a list). → لیست تهیه کردن or لیست نوشتن.
We do not 'build' (sakhtan) lists in Persian; we prepare (tahiye kardan) or write (neveshtan) them.

Dicas

Don't Forget the Ezafe

When combining 'list' with another noun, always use the Ezafe. Say 'list-e kharid', not 'list kharid'.

In, Not On

Remember that in Persian, you are IN a list (در لیست), not ON a list. Direct translation from English will lead to errors.

Elongate the Vowel

Pronounce it like 'least'. A short English 'i' sounds foreign in Persian.

Books vs. Groceries

Use فهرست (fehrest) for books and academic papers. Use لیست (list) for groceries and daily tasks.

Making a List

To say 'make a list', use the verb تهیه کردن (to prepare) or نوشتن (to write). 'لیست تهیه کن'.

Crossing Off

To cross an item off a list, use the verb خط زدن (khat zadan). 'از لیست خط بزن'.

Spoken Persian

In spoken Persian, 'در لیست است' becomes 'تو لیسته' (too list-e). This sounds much more natural.

Tech Vocabulary

If your phone is in Persian, your playlist is لیست پخش and your contacts are لیست مخاطبین.

Blacklist

The concept of a blacklist translates perfectly: لیست سیاه (list-e siyah).

Keep Plurals Simple

The plural is simply لیست‌ها. Never use Arabic broken plurals for European loanwords.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine you have the LEAST amount of groceries, but you still need to write a LIST. 'Least' sounds exactly like the Persian word 'لیست' (List).

Associação visual

Visualize a piece of paper with the word 'LEAST' written at the top, but underneath it are bullet points of groceries. The paper is your 'لیست'.

Word Web

خرید (shopping) نوشتن (to write) کاغذ (paper) کارها (tasks) اسم (name) فراموش کردن (to forget) سیاه (black - as in blacklist) فهرست (formal synonym)

Desafio

Write down your actual grocery list for this week, but write the title as 'لیست خرید' at the top of the page. Every time you look at it, say the phrase out loud.

Origem da palavra

The word لیست is a relatively modern loanword in the Persian language. It was borrowed directly from the French word 'liste' during the Qajar and early Pahlavi eras, a time when many French administrative, military, and everyday terms entered Persian due to French cultural and educational influence in Iran.

Significado original: In Old French, 'liste' meant a border, band, or strip of paper. This evolved into meaning a strip of paper with items written on it.

Indo-European > Italic > Romance > French > Borrowed into Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Persian.

Contexto cultural

There are no specific cultural sensitivities or taboos associated with the word لیست. It is a completely neutral, everyday term.

English speakers will find this word incredibly easy as it is a direct cognate (via French). The only cultural adjustment is remembering to use the Ezafe (list-e) and the preposition 'in' (dar) instead of 'on'.

Schindler's List (فهرست شیندلر) - Note that in movie titles, the formal 'فهرست' is used instead of 'لیست'. The Blacklist (لیست سیاه) - The popular TV show is translated directly using 'لیست'. Forbes List (لیست فوربز) - Commonly referred to in Persian business news.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Shopping

لیست خرید (shopping list)
لیست رو فراموش نکن (don't forget the list)
چی تو لیسته؟ (what's on the list?)
لیست رو خط بزن (cross off the list)

Office/Work

لیست وظایف (task list)
لیست مشتریان (client list)
لیست رو ایمیل کن (email the list)
تهیه لیست (preparing a list)

School/University

لیست حضور و غیاب (attendance list)
لیست نمرات (list of grades)
اسمم تو لیست نیست (my name isn't on the list)
لیست منابع (reference list)

Technology

لیست پخش (playlist)
لیست مخاطبین (contact list)
لیست علاقه‌مندی‌ها (wishlist/favorites)
لیست کشویی (dropdown list)

Events/Parties

لیست مهمان‌ها (guest list)
تو لیست بودن (to be on the list)
لیست رو چک کردن (checking the list)
بستن لیست (finalizing the list)

Iniciadores de conversa

"آیا برای خرید رفتن همیشه لیست می‌نویسی یا حفظ می‌کنی؟ (Do you always write a list for shopping or do you memorize it?)"

"بهترین راه برای مدیریت لیست کارهای روزانه چیست؟ (What is the best way to manage a daily to-do list?)"

"تا حالا پیش آمده که لیست خرید را در خانه فراموش کنی؟ (Has it ever happened that you forgot the shopping list at home?)"

"چه آهنگ‌هایی در لیست پخش مورد علاقه تو هستند؟ (What songs are on your favorite playlist?)"

"آیا اسم کسی را تا به حال در لیست سیاه خودت قرار داده‌ای؟ (Have you ever put someone's name on your blacklist?)"

Temas para diário

یک لیست از پنج هدفی که می‌خواهی امسال به آن‌ها برسی بنویس. (Write a list of five goals you want to achieve this year.)

لیست خرید ایده‌آل تو برای یک مهمانی شام چیست؟ (What is your ideal shopping list for a dinner party?)

چرا داشتن لیست کارها (To-Do List) می‌تواند استرس را کاهش دهد؟ (Why can having a to-do list reduce stress?)

یک لیست از مکان‌هایی که دوست داری در ایران ببینی تهیه کن. (Prepare a list of places you would like to see in Iran.)

تفاوت بین استفاده از کلمه لیست و فهرست را در زبان فارسی توضیح بده. (Explain the difference between using the word list and fehrest in Persian.)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

It is a loanword from French ('liste'), but it has been fully integrated into the Persian language for over a century. It is considered standard vocabulary in modern Persian. You will find it in dictionaries and hear it daily.

In English, you say 'on the list'. In Persian, you must say 'در لیست' (in the list) or colloquially 'تو لیست' (too list). Saying 'روی لیست' sounds like something is physically resting on top of the paper.

Simply add the standard Persian plural suffix 'ها' (ha) to make it 'لیست‌ها' (list-ha). Do not try to use Arabic plural rules with this word.

لیست is used for everyday, informal, or practical things (shopping list, to-do list). فهرست is formal and is used for the table of contents in a book, academic references, or official government lists.

The most common translation is 'لیست کارها' (list-e kar-ha), which literally means 'list of tasks'. You can also say 'لیست کارهای روزانه' (daily task list).

Yes, by adding the auxiliary verb 'کردن' (kardan - to do). 'لیست کردن' (list kardan) means 'to list' or 'to make a list of'. Example: مشکلات را لیست کن (List the problems).

It is a direct translation of the English 'blacklist'. It is used exactly the same way in Persian, referring to a list of people or entities that are banned, penalized, or out of favor.

It is pronounced with a long 'ee' sound, like the English word 'least'. Do not pronounce it with a short 'i' like the English word 'list'.

It is the English word 'checklist' borrowed directly into Persian. It is very common in business, aviation, and medical fields in Iran.

Yes, almost always. If you are saying 'list of [something]', you must connect them with the Ezafe (-e). For example, list-e kharid (shopping list), list-e mehman-ha (guest list).

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