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B1 noun 7 min de leitura

معیار

me'yar
Exemplos Notas e dicas معیار em 30 segundos
Explicação معیار in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'معیار' (me'yār) frequently, but it is helpful to recognize it as meaning a 'rule' or 'standard'. Think of it like the rules of a game or the things you look for when buying something. For example, if you say 'My rule for a good apple is that it must be red,' that 'rule' is your 'me'yār'. It is a formal word, so you will see it in books and hear it on the news more than in simple daily conversations with friends. Just remember that it helps people decide if something is good or bad. You can associate it with the English word 'measure'. Even at this beginning stage, knowing this word helps you understand when someone is explaining the 'why' behind a choice.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'معیار' to describe simple preferences or requirements. You might use it when talking about why you chose a certain school or a specific job. For example, 'My criterion for a job is a good salary' (معیار من برای شغل، حقوق خوب است). You will notice this word appearing in simple news articles or school announcements. It often follows the pattern 'Me'yar-e [Something]'. It is important to distinguish it from 'اندازه' (size). While 'اندازه' is for how big a shirt is, 'معیار' is for the 'standard' of the shirt's quality. Learning this word now will help you transition from basic 'I like/I don't like' sentences to more logical 'I chose this because of this standard' sentences.
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As a B1 learner, 'معیار' is a key vocabulary item for you. At this intermediate stage, you are expected to discuss opinions, describe experiences, and explain your reasons. 'معیار' (criterion/standard) allows you to do this precisely. You will hear it in debates about social issues, in job interviews, and in educational contexts. You should be comfortable using it with the plural 'معیارها' (standards). For instance, 'Social standards are changing' (معیارهای اجتماعی در حال تغییر هستند). You should also recognize common collocations like 'معیار سنجش' (measurement criterion). This word is essential for the B1 task of 'giving reasons and explanations for opinions and plans'. It adds a level of sophistication to your Persian that 'simple' words cannot provide.
At the B2 level, you should use 'معیار' fluently in academic and professional contexts. You are now dealing with complex topics where 'standards' and 'criteria' are frequently discussed. You should understand the nuance between 'معیار' (the abstract standard) and 'شاخص' (the numerical indicator). For example, you might write an essay about the 'criteria for a successful democracy' (معیارهای یک دموکراسی موفق). You will also encounter this word in the context of 'Standard Persian' (فارسی معیار), which is the formal dialect you are likely studying. At this level, you should be able to argue against a certain 'معیار', using phrases like 'این معیار ناعادلانه است' (This criterion is unfair). Your understanding of the word should extend to its use in legal, economic, and philosophical texts.
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For C1 learners, 'معیار' is a tool for precise conceptual analysis. You should be able to use it to discuss the 'paradigms' or 'frameworks' of thought. In high-level literature or academic journals, you will see 'معیار' used to question the very basis of knowledge. You should be familiar with its Arabic roots and how it relates to other words like 'عیار' (fineness of gold/purity). You can use it in complex structures like 'بازنگری در معیارهای ارزشی' (revising value standards). At this level, you are not just using the word; you are analyzing the 'معیارها' themselves. You should also be able to recognize when a speaker is using the word sarcastically to point out someone's unrealistic standards. Your vocabulary should also include related formal terms like 'موازین' or 'ملاک‌ها'.
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At the C2 level, 'معیار' is used with total mastery across all registers. You understand its historical weight and its role in shaping the 'Standard Persian' language. You can use it in highly abstract philosophical discussions, such as the 'epistemological criteria' of a theory. You are aware of its subtle connotations in classical poetry versus modern legal code. You can effortlessly switch between 'معیار', 'ملاک', 'ضابطه', and 'قاعده' to provide the exact shade of meaning required. For a C2 learner, 'معیار' is no longer just a word; it is a concept that you can manipulate to express complex thoughts about ethics, aesthetics, and logic. You might even explore the word's etymological journey from the marketplace (scales) to the mind (judgment).
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Exemplos Notas e dicas

معیار em 30 segundos

  • Me'yar means 'standard' or 'criterion' in Persian.
  • It is a formal word used to describe rules for judgment.
  • Commonly used in phrases like 'Standard Persian' (Farsi Me'yar).
  • Essential for B1+ learners to explain logical reasons and requirements.

The Persian word معیار (pronounced 'me'yār') is a fundamental noun used to describe a standard, criterion, or a yardstick by which something is judged, measured, or evaluated. Originating from the Arabic root relating to weighing and measuring, it has become an indispensable part of formal and semi-formal Persian discourse. When you speak about the 'criteria' for a job, the 'standards' of living, or the 'measures' of success, you are stepping into the territory of me'yār. It implies a fixed point of reference that provides objectivity in a world of subjective opinions.

Academic Context
In academic writing, معیار refers to the benchmarks used in research or the requirements for scientific validation. For example, 'the criteria for selecting samples' is translated as معیارهای انتخاب نمونه‌ها.
Social and Moral Usage
In social discussions, it often refers to values or norms. When people talk about 'double standards' in society, they use the term معیارهای دوگانه. It suggests an inconsistency in how rules are applied to different groups.
Technical Application
In engineering or quality control, this word represents the precise specifications or 'standards' that a product must meet to be considered safe or functional.

ثروت نباید تنها معیار برای سنجش موفقیت انسان باشد.

— Wealth should not be the only criterion for measuring human success.

ما باید معیارهای خود را برای استخدام بازنگری کنیم.

— We must revise our criteria for hiring.

Furthermore, me'yār is often paired with verbs like تعیین کردن (to determine) or سنجیدن (to measure/evaluate). It is a word that brings a sense of logic and structure to any argument. Whether you are arguing about the quality of a film or the efficiency of a government policy, you will inevitably need to define your معیار. Without a clear standard, judgment becomes arbitrary. In the modern era, the Persian language has also adopted the word 'standard' (استاندارد), but me'yār remains the preferred choice for abstract principles and logical criteria.

Using معیار correctly requires understanding its role as a noun that often takes the Ezafe construction (-e) to link with adjectives or other nouns. It is most frequently used to define the 'what' and 'how' of an assessment. In Persian grammar, it behaves like any other noun, accepting plural markers and possessive endings.

The Ezafe Construction
When you want to say 'The standard of...' you use 'Me'yar-e...'. For example, معیارِ زیبایی (The standard of beauty) or معیارِ پذیرش (The criterion of acceptance).
Pluralization
The plural is معیارها (me'yār-hā). In formal texts, you might occasionally see the Arabic broken plural معاییر (ma'āyir), though this is extremely rare in modern spoken or written Persian and is mostly found in older legal or philosophical texts.

این آزمون معیار خوبی برای سنجش دانش‌آموزان نیست.

— This test is not a good criterion for assessing students.

بر چه معیاری این حرف را می‌زنید؟

— On what basis (criterion) are you saying this?

When constructing complex sentences, me'yār often appears in the subject position to set the stage for a definition. Phrases like معیارِ اصلی ما... (Our main criterion is...) are common in professional presentations and debates. It helps to clarify the logic behind a decision. In more casual speech, you might hear people ask معیارت چیه؟ (What's your criterion? / What are you looking for?), especially when discussing preferences for things like cars, houses, or even partners.

You will encounter معیار in a variety of settings, ranging from the evening news to university lecture halls. It is a 'high-frequency' word in intellectual and professional Persian. If you listen to a debate on Iranian television about the economy, you will hear experts discussing the 'criteria for inflation measurement' or 'standards of production.'

News and Media
Journalists use it to explain the basis of government decisions. 'The Ministry of Health announced the criteria for reopening schools' (معیارهای بازگشایی مدارس).
Educational Settings
Professors use it to define grading rubrics. 'Your grade will be based on these three criteria' (بر اساس این سه معیار).

در زبان‌شناسی، ما به لهجه‌ای که در رادیو و تلویزیون استفاده می‌شود، «فارسی معیار» می‌گوییم.

— In linguistics, we call the dialect used on radio and TV 'Standard Persian'.

معیارهای زندگی در شهرهای بزرگ با روستاها متفاوت است.

— Standards of living in big cities are different from villages.

In business meetings, me'yār is the go-to word for KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) or any set of metrics. When an Iranian manager says معیارهای ما برای موفقیت, they are talking about the specific goals the team needs to hit. It is also used in legal contexts to describe the 'legal standards' or 'provisions' that must be met for a contract to be valid. Essentially, whenever there is a need for a rule or a measuring stick, me'yār is there.

While معیار is a versatile word, English speakers often make mistakes by using it interchangeably with words like اندازه (size/amount) or تعداد (number). It is crucial to remember that me'yār is about the logic or rule of measurement, not the physical measurement itself.

Confusing with 'Standard' (The Loanword)
Iranians use the word استاندارد (standard) specifically for industrial and technical norms (like ISO standards). If you are talking about moral or intellectual criteria, use معیار. Using 'standard' in a philosophical debate might sound a bit too 'industrial'.
Incorrect Plural Usage
Avoid using معیارات. While some Arabic-derived words take the '-at' ending in Persian, me'yār always takes -ha (معیارها) in standard modern Persian.

Wrong: این اندازه برای انتخاب دانشجو است.

Correct: این معیار برای انتخاب دانشجو است.

نباید معیارهای دوگانه داشته باشیم.

— We should not have double standards.

Another common mistake is failing to use the Ezafe when the word is followed by a description. For example, saying me'yār انتخاب instead of me'yār-e entekhāb. In Persian, the 'e' sound at the end of me'yār is vital to show that the following word (selection) belongs to the standard. Lastly, be careful not to use it as a verb. Persian doesn't have a direct verb 'to criterion'; you must use 'to have a criterion' (معیار داشتن) or 'to use a criterion' (از معیار استفاده کردن).

Persian is rich with synonyms for 'standard' and 'measure,' each carrying a slightly different nuance. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about a physical quantity, a logical rule, or a moral value.

ملاک (Melāk)
This is the closest synonym to me'yār. It is often used in legal or official contexts to mean 'the basis' or 'the pivot' of a decision. ملاکِ عمل means 'the basis for action'.
شاخص (Shākhes)
Often translated as 'indicator' or 'index'. While a me'yār is the rule, a shākhes is the data point that shows if the rule is being met (e.g., economic indicators).
میزان (Mizān)
Meaning 'scale' or 'amount'. It is used when talking about the quantity of something. 'The amount of rainfall' is میزانِ بارش, not معیارِ بارش.

او تمام ملاک‌های لازم را دارد.

— He has all the necessary criteria (bases).

رشد اقتصادی یکی از شاخص‌های مهم است.

— Economic growth is one of the important indicators.

When in doubt, me'yār is the safest choice for any abstract 'standard'. If you are talking about a physical object's dimensions, use اندازه. If you are talking about the quality of a manufactured product, استاندارد is acceptable. However, me'yār remains the most 'Persian' and intellectually flexible term. In literature, you might also see سنگِ محک (touchstone), which is a beautiful metaphorical way to say 'the ultimate test or criterion'.

Curiosidade

The word 'Ayār' (عیار) in Persian also refers to the purity of gold (karat). So, when you use 'me'yar', you are etymologically looking for the 'gold standard' of a situation.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /meɪˈjɑːr/
US /meɪˈjɑːr/
The stress is on the second syllable: me-YĀR.
Rima com
Biyar (Bring) Tayar (Ready - archaic) Hushyar (Alert) Bidar (Awake - partial rhyme) Gohar (Gem - partial) Bahar (Spring) Nahar (Lunch) Shavar (Become - archaic)
Erros comuns
  • Pronouncing it as 'mi-yar' (with a short 'i'). It should be a clear 'e' sound.
  • Forgetting the glottal stop (Hamza) if present in some dialects, though in modern Persian it's smooth: me-yar.
  • Confusing the 'a' sound in 'yar' with a short 'a'; it is a long 'ā' as in 'father'.
  • Stressing the first syllable.
  • Merging the two syllables into one.
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Exemplos por nível

1

معیار من برای خرید نان، تازه بودن آن است.

My criterion for buying bread is its freshness.

Simple Ezafe: Me'yar-e man (My criterion).

2

این یک معیار ساده است.

This is a simple standard.

Adjective follows the noun: Me'yar-e sade.

3

معیار شما چیست؟

What is your criterion?

Question form with 'chist' (is what).

4

او معیار خوبی دارد.

He has a good standard.

Subject + Object + Verb (Dard).

5

معیار ما برای بازی، شادی است.

Our criterion for playing is happiness.

Usage of 'baraye' (for).

6

این معیار درست نیست.

This standard is not correct.

Negation of 'ast' (is) -> 'nist' (is not).

7

آیا این معیار شماست؟

Is this your standard?

Interrogative 'aya'.

8

معیار او برای دوست، مهربانی است.

His criterion for a friend is kindness.

Possessive 'u' (his/her).

1

معیارهای انتخاب معلم باید دقیق باشد.

The criteria for choosing a teacher must be precise.

Plural 'Me'yar-ha'.

2

ما بر اساس این معیار تصمیم می‌گیریم.

We decide based on this criterion.

Preposition 'bar asase' (based on).

3

معیار اصلی برای این کار، تجربه است.

The main criterion for this job is experience.

Adjective 'asli' (main).

4

او هیچ معیاری برای زندگی ندارد.

He has no standards for life.

Negative 'hich... na-darad'.

5

معیار قد برای این بازی ۱۷۰ سانتیمتر است.

The height standard for this game is 170 cm.

Specific noun 'ghad' (height) linked by Ezafe.

6

این معیارها قدیمی هستند.

These standards are old.

Plural subject-verb agreement.

7

باید معیارهای جدیدی پیدا کنیم.

We must find new criteria.

Modal 'bayad' (must).

8

معیار شما برای زیبایی چیست؟

What is your standard for beauty?

Abstract noun 'ziba'i' (beauty).

1

معیار سنجش موفقیت در این شرکت، رضایت مشتری است.

The criterion for measuring success in this company is customer satisfaction.

Compound noun 'me'yar-e sanjesh'.

2

دولت معیارهای جدیدی برای مالیات تعیین کرد.

The government determined new criteria for taxes.

Past tense 'ta'yin kard'.

3

فارسی معیار، زبانی است که در مدارس آموزش داده می‌شود.

Standard Persian is the language taught in schools.

Specific term 'Farsi-ye Me'yar'.

4

آیا پول تنها معیار خوشبختی است؟

Is money the only criterion for happiness?

Adverb 'tanha' (only).

5

او بر اساس معیارهای اخلاقی خود عمل می‌کند.

He acts according to his ethical standards.

Adjective 'akhlaghi' (ethical).

6

این معیارها باید با واقعیت جامعه همخوانی داشته باشند.

These criteria must be consistent with the reality of society.

Verb 'hamkhani dashtan' (to be consistent/match).

7

معیارهای پذیرش در دانشگاه بسیار سخت‌گیرانه است.

The admission criteria at the university are very strict.

Adjective 'sakht-girane' (strict).

8

ما باید معیارهای خود را شفاف‌سازی کنیم.

We must clarify our criteria.

Compound verb 'shaffaf-sazi kardan'.

1

این پژوهش بر اساس معیارهای علمی معتبر انجام شده است.

This research has been conducted based on valid scientific criteria.

Present perfect passive 'anjam shode ast'.

2

معیارهای دوگانه در سیاست بین‌الملل همواره مورد نقد بوده‌اند.

Double standards in international politics have always been criticized.

Term 'me'yar-hay-e dogane' (double standards).

3

نویسنده در این کتاب، معیارهای سنتی نقد ادبی را به چالش می‌کشد.

In this book, the author challenges the traditional criteria of literary criticism.

Idiom 'be chalesh keshidan' (to challenge).

4

معیار سطح زندگی در دهه‌های اخیر تغییر چشمگیری داشته است.

The standard of living has had a significant change in recent decades.

Noun phrase 'sath-e zendegi' (standard of living).

5

باید بین معیارهای کیفی و کمی تمایز قائل شویم.

We must distinguish between qualitative and quantitative criteria.

Verb phrase 'tamayoz gha'el shodan'.

6

این فیلم تمام معیارهای یک اثر هنری ماندگار را دارد.

This film has all the criteria of a lasting work of art.

Adjective 'mandegar' (lasting/eternal).

7

معیارهای زیست‌محیطی باید در اولویت قرار گیرند.

Environmental standards must be prioritized.

Passive structure 'dar olaviyat gharar girand'.

8

او با معیارهای سخت‌گیرانه خود، کارمندان را تحت فشار قرار می‌دهد.

With his strict standards, he puts the employees under pressure.

Prepositional phrase 'tahte feshar' (under pressure).

1

معیارهای معرفت‌شناختی دکارت بر پایه شک دستوری بنا شده است.

Descartes' epistemological criteria are built on the basis of methodical doubt.

Technical term 'marefat-shenakhti'.

2

در جوامع مدرن، معیارهای هویت فردی سیال‌تر شده‌اند.

In modern societies, the criteria of individual identity have become more fluid.

Comparative adjective 'sayyal-tar' (more fluid).

3

این نظریه فاقد معیارهای لازم برای اثبات تجربی است.

This theory lacks the necessary criteria for empirical proof.

Formal verb 'faghad budan' (to lack).

4

معیارهای زیبایی‌شناختی در طول تاریخ دچار تحول شده‌اند.

Aesthetic standards have undergone transformation throughout history.

Noun phrase 'd دچار تحول شدن' (to undergo transformation).

5

او می‌کوشد معیارهای اخلاقی را از قید و بندهای مذهبی رها کند.

He strives to free moral standards from religious constraints.

Literary phrase 'gheyd o band' (constraints/shackles).

6

عدم وجود معیارهای شفاف، منجر به فساد اداری می‌شود.

The lack of transparent criteria leads to administrative corruption.

Gerund 'adam-e vojud' (lack of existence).

7

معیارهای بازنمایی حقیقت در سینما با ادبیات متفاوت است.

The criteria for representing truth in cinema differ from literature.

Abstract noun 'baz-namayi' (representation).

8

او به معیارهای جهان‌شمول حقوق بشر معتقد است.

He believes in the universal standards of human rights.

Adjective 'jahan-shomul' (universal).

1

واکاوی معیارهای هرمنوتیکی در تفسیر متون کلاسیک الزامی است.

An analysis of hermeneutic criteria in the interpretation of classic texts is mandatory.

Highly formal noun 'vakavi' (analysis/probing).

2

معیار غایی برای سنجش صدق یک گزاره، انطباق آن با واقعیت است.

The ultimate criterion for measuring the truth of a proposition is its correspondence with reality.

Philosophical term 'ghayi' (ultimate/final).

3

او با ظرافت تمام، معیارهای پارادایم حاکم را زیر سؤال برد.

With total subtlety, he called into question the criteria of the dominant paradigm.

Idiom 'zir-e soal bordan' (to question/call into doubt).

4

نسبیت‌گرایی فرهنگی، وجود معیارهای اخلاقی مطلق را نفی می‌کند.

Cultural relativism negates the existence of absolute moral standards.

Abstract noun 'nesbiyat-garayi' (relativism).

5

معیارهای صوری در شعر کلاسیک فارسی، محدودیت‌های خلاقانه‌ای ایجاد می‌کنند.

Formal criteria in classical Persian poetry create creative constraints.

Adjective 'suari' (formal/pertaining to form).

6

زبان، خود معیاری است که جهان را از دریچه آن می‌نگریم.

Language itself is a criterion through which we view the world.

Metaphorical usage.

7

تصلب در معیارهای سنتی می‌تواند مانع از پویایی فرهنگی شود.

Rigidity in traditional standards can hinder cultural dynamism.

Formal noun 'tasallob' (rigidity/hardening).

8

معیارهای اعتباربخشی به مدارک تحصیلی در سطح بین‌المللی هماهنگ شده‌اند.

The criteria for accrediting educational degrees have been harmonized internationally.

Complex compound noun 'e'tebar-bakhshi'.

Colocações comuns

معیار سنجش
فارسی معیار
معیارهای دوگانه
تعیین معیار
بر اساس معیار
معیار انتخاب
معیار پذیرش
معیار ارزشی
فاقد معیار
معیار کیفی

Frases Comuns

معیارت چیه؟

— What are your criteria? Used often in casual dating or shopping contexts.

برای خرید ماشین، معیارت چیه؟

معیار درستی نیست

— It's not a correct standard. Used to dismiss an argument.

این معیار درستی برای قضاوت نیست.

بدون هیچ معیاری

— Without any standard. Used to describe random or unfair actions.

او بدون هیچ معیاری افراد را استخدام می‌کند.

معیارهای جهانی

— Global standards. Used in business and human rights.

ما باید به معیارهای جهانی برسیم.

تغییر معیارها

— Changing standards. Refers to shifts in society or policy.

معیارهای زیبایی در حال تغییر است.

معیار سنجش زمان

— The measure of time. Used in history or science.

ساعت، معیار سنجش زمان است.

معیار واحد

— A single/unified standard. Used when seeking consistency.

ما به یک معیار واحد نیاز داریم.

معیار سخت‌گیرانه

— Strict criteria. Used for difficult exams or jobs.

معیارهای سخت‌گیرانه دانشگاه.

معیار دوگانه داشتن

— To have double standards. A common political/social critique.

او در برخورد با فرزندانش معیار دوگانه دارد.

معیار سنجش موفقیت

— The yardstick of success.

پول نباید تنها معیار سنجش موفقیت باشد.

Expressões idiomáticas

"با یک چوب راندن"

— To treat everyone with the same (often unfair) standard; to paint everyone with the same brush.

نباید همه را با یک چوب راند.

Informal/Idiom
"سنگ محک زدن"

— To put something to the test; to evaluate based on a high standard.

دوستی‌مان را سنگ محک زدیم.

Literary
"کلاه خود را قاضی کردن"

— To judge oneself by one's own internal standards; to be fair with oneself.

کلاهت را قاضی کن و بگو حق با کیست.

Informal
"ترازو گذاشتن"

— To weigh options or criteria carefully.

باید همه چیز را در ترازو گذاشت.

Metaphorical
"خط‌کش گذاشتن"

— To be overly strict or meticulous in applying standards.

اینقدر برای هر کاری خط‌کش نگذار.

Informal
"عیار کسی را سنجیدن"

— To find out someone's true worth or character.

در سختی‌ها عیار آدم‌ها مشخص می‌شود.

Formal/Literary
"خشت اول را کج گذاشتن"

— To set the wrong standard or foundation from the start.

اگر خشت اول کج باشد، دیوار تا ثریا کج می‌رود.

Proverb
"سنگ تمام گذاشتن"

— To do something to the highest possible standard; to go all out.

او برای مهمانی سنگ تمام گذاشت.

Informal
"آب در هاون کوبیدن"

— To act without any useful standard or result; to waste effort.

تلاش برای تغییر او مثل آب در هاون کوبیدن است.

Informal
"حرف خود را به کرسی نشاندن"

— To make one's own standard or opinion prevail.

او همیشه می‌خواهد حرف خود را به کرسی بنشاند.

Informal

Família de palavras

Substantivos

عیار (Ayār - purity/fineness)
تعییر (Ta'yir - calibration/rare)
معیارها (Me'yar-ha - standards)

Verbos

عیار گرفتن (Ayār gereftan - to assay)
معیار قرار دادن (Me'yar gharar dadan - to set as a standard)

Adjetivos

معیار (Me'yar - can act as an adjective like 'Farsi-ye Me'yar')
بی‌معیار (Bi-me'yar - standardless)

Relacionado

سنجش
ارزیابی
ملاک
قاعده
ترازو
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Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'Me'yar' as 'Measure-Yard'. It sounds a bit like 'measure' and 'yardstick'. Me-Yar = Measure Yardstick.

Associação visual

Imagine a golden yardstick sitting on a judge's desk. This yardstick is the 'Me'yar' used to judge every case.

Word Web

Standard Criterion Measure Indicator Benchmark Rule Norm Metric

Desafio

Try to list three 'me'yār-hā' (criteria) you have for your favorite movie. Write them down in Persian using 'Me'yar-e man...'

Origem da palavra

Derived from the Arabic word 'mi'yār' (معيار), which comes from the root 'ʿ-y-r' (ع ي ر). This root is associated with weighing, measuring, and testing the purity of metals.

Significado original: A physical instrument used for weighing or measuring, such as a scale or a standard weight.

Semitic (Arabic) borrowed into Indo-European (Persian).

Contexto cultural

Be careful when discussing 'religious standards' as they can be a sensitive topic in Iran; use 'mوازین شرعی' (religious provisions) for more formal religious contexts.

English speakers often use 'standard' broadly. In Persian, use 'me'yar' for abstract rules and 'standard' for technical ones.

Standard Persian (Farsi Me'yar) The concept of 'Ayār' in Sufi literature Standard of Living (Sath-e Me'yar-e Zendegi)
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Conteúdo relacionado

Esta palavra em outros idiomas

مِعْيَار Arabic
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