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B1 verb 11 min de leitura

फ़िक्र करना

fikr karna
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Explicação फ़िक्र करना in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary. They might encounter 'फ़िक्र' as a noun meaning 'worry' in very simple contexts, perhaps in phrases like 'कोई फ़िक्र नहीं' (koī fikr nahī̃ - no worry). The full verb phrase 'फ़िक्र करना' would be too complex for this level. Understanding the concept of worry itself is more important than mastering the verb construction. Simple expressions of not being worried or being slightly concerned might be introduced through gestures or very basic sentence structures, but active use of 'फ़िक्र करना' is unlikely. The focus is on recognizing isolated words and very elementary phrases related to feelings.
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A2 learners can handle simple, everyday conversations and understand frequently used expressions. They might start to recognize 'फ़िक्र' as a noun meaning 'worry' or 'concern' in short sentences. They could potentially understand 'फ़िक्र मत करो' (fikr mat karo - don't worry) as a common polite phrase, especially in direct commands or reassurances. However, forming sentences with 'फ़िक्र करना' themselves, especially with correct conjugation and tense, would still be challenging. The emphasis is on passive recognition of common phrases and simple nouns related to feelings.
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At the B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. This is where 'फ़िक्र करना' becomes a key phrase. Learners are expected to understand and begin using it in simple sentences to express personal worries, concerns about family, or anxieties about familiar situations like exams or travel. They should be able to conjugate the verb correctly for present and past tenses and understand its use with 'के बारे में' (ke bāre mein - about). Recognizing its nuances and differentiating it from similar words starts to become important.
B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible. At this level, learners should be comfortable using 'फ़िक्र करना' in a wider range of contexts, expressing more complex anxieties, and discussing hypothetical worries. They should be able to use it in more nuanced ways, perhaps even understanding its use in slightly more formal or literary contexts. They can also effectively use its synonyms and antonyms to express a broader spectrum of emotions related to concern and lack thereof.
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C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. At the C1 level, 'फ़िक्र करना' is fully integrated into the learner's active vocabulary. They can use it with precision, understanding its register and subtle connotations. They can also explain its usage to others, compare it effectively with synonyms, and use it in sophisticated sentence structures, including idiomatic expressions that might involve the concept of worry.
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C2 learners have an''(near)-native' command of the language. They can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. At the C2 level, 'फ़िक्र करना' is used with complete naturalness and mastery. Learners can employ it in highly nuanced ways, understanding its cultural implications and using it in literary or highly specialized contexts. They can discuss the philosophical or psychological aspects of worry, using 'फ़िक्र करना' and its related vocabulary with the sophistication of a native speaker.
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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

फ़िक्र करना em 30 segundos

  • To worry or be concerned.
  • An essential verb for expressing anxiety.
  • Used in various personal and social contexts.
  • Requires correct conjugation for accurate usage.

The Hindi phrase फ़िक्र करना (fikr karnā) is a versatile verb phrase that translates directly to 'to worry', 'to be concerned', or 'to feel anxious' in English. It's used in a wide range of situations, from personal anxieties about the future to concerns about the well-being of loved ones or even about more mundane matters. The word 'फ़िक्र' (fikr) itself means worry or concern, and 'करना' (karnā) is the verb 'to do'. Together, they form the action of worrying. You'll hear this phrase used frequently in everyday conversations, movies, and literature. It captures a common human emotion and is an essential part of expressing one's state of mind in Hindi. Whether someone is worried about an upcoming exam, a friend's health, or a financial issue, फ़िक्र करना is the go-to phrase. It can express a mild unease or a deep-seated anxiety, depending on the context and tone. For instance, a parent might say they are worried about their child's safety, or a student might express worry about their grades. The phrase is so common that it's often used without much thought, reflecting its integral role in the Hindi lexicon. It's important to understand that 'फ़िक्र' can also be used as a noun on its own, meaning 'worry' or 'concern'. However, when combined with 'करना', it becomes an active verb, describing the act of worrying. This distinction is crucial for accurate comprehension and usage. The emotional weight of the phrase can vary significantly. Sometimes, it's a fleeting thought, while at other times, it can signify prolonged distress. The context in which it's used, along with the speaker's intonation, provides the necessary clues to understand the intensity of the worry. As you learn Hindi, you'll find that फ़िक्र करना is a phrase you'll encounter and use repeatedly, making it a fundamental component of your vocabulary.

Core Meaning
The act of experiencing worry, anxiety, or concern.
Situations
Used for personal worries, concerns about others, future anxieties, and even minor apprehensions.
Grammatical Function
A verb phrase indicating the action of worrying.

When you are worried about something, you फ़िक्र करना.

Using फ़िक्र करना correctly involves understanding its grammatical structure and the typical contexts in which it appears. As a verb phrase, it conjugates according to the subject and tense, just like any other Hindi verb. The most common form you'll encounter is the present tense, but it can also be used in the past and future. For example, to say 'I am worrying', you would say 'मैं फ़िक्र कर रहा/रही हूँ' (main fikr kar rahā/rahī hū̃). If you want to say 'He worried', it would be 'वह फ़िक्र कर रहा था' (vah fikr kar rahā thā). The phrase is often followed by 'के बारे में' (ke bāre mein), meaning 'about', to specify what the worry is related to. For instance, 'वह अपने भविष्य के बारे में फ़िक्र कर रहा है' (vah apne bhaviṣya ke bāre mein fikr kar rahā hai) means 'He is worrying about his future.' It can also be used with direct objects or implied contexts. For example, 'मुझे तुम्हारी बहुत फ़िक्र है' (mujhe tumhārī bahut fikr hai) literally translates to 'To me, there is much worry of you,' but it effectively means 'I am very worried about you.' This shows a common grammatical construction where the object of worry is in the possessive case. Another common pattern is using it with infinitives or clauses introduced by 'कि' (ki), meaning 'that'. For example, 'मुझे चिंता है कि वह देर से आएगा' (mujhe cintā hai ki vah der se āegā) - 'I am worried that he will come late.' While 'चिंता' (cintā) is a synonym for 'फ़िक्र', the phrase फ़िक्र करना is equally common and often interchangeable in many contexts. When expressing a lack of worry, you can use negation, such as 'फ़िक्र मत करो' (fikr mat karo) - 'Don't worry.' This is a very common and useful phrase. You might also hear 'मुझे कोई फ़िक्र नहीं है' (mujhe koī fikr nahī̃ hai), meaning 'I have no worries.' The versatility of फ़िक्र करना allows it to fit into many conversational scenarios, making it an indispensable phrase for anyone learning Hindi. Practicing these different sentence structures will help you internalize the usage and sound more natural when speaking. Remember to pay attention to the pronouns and verb conjugations to ensure grammatical accuracy.

Basic Conjugation
The verb 'करना' (karnā) conjugates based on subject and tense (e.g., कर रहा हूँ, कर रहा था, करेगा).
Prepositional Phrases
Often followed by 'के बारे में' (ke bāre mein - about) to specify the subject of worry.
Negation
Used with 'मत' (mat) for commands like 'Don't worry' (फ़िक्र मत करो).

She is worrying about her exams: वह अपनी परीक्षा की फ़िक्र कर रही है।

You will encounter the phrase फ़िक्र करना in virtually every aspect of daily life in Hindi-speaking regions. It's a staple in informal conversations among friends and family. Imagine a mother telling her child, 'इतना फ़िक्र मत करो, सब ठीक हो जाएगा' (itnā fikr mat karo, sab ṭhīk ho jāegā) – 'Don't worry so much, everything will be alright.' This is a very common reassurance. In more formal settings, like a doctor explaining a patient's condition, they might say, 'आपको ज़्यादा फ़िक्र करने की ज़रूरत नहीं है' (āpko zyādā fikr karne kī zarūrat nahī̃ hai) – 'You don't need to worry too much.' News reports might discuss public concern over an issue, using phrases like 'लोग इस मुद्दे पर फ़िक्र कर रहे हैं' (log is mudde par fikr kar rahe haĩ) – 'People are worrying about this issue.' Movies and television shows frequently use this phrase to depict characters' emotional states. A dramatic scene might involve a protagonist confessing their deep worries to a confidant using फ़िक्र करना. Even in everyday transactions, if someone is concerned about a delay or a problem, they might express it. For example, a shopkeeper might say, 'अगर आपको कोई समस्या हो तो फ़िक्र मत कीजिएगा' (agar āpko koī samasyā ho to fikr mat kījīegā) – 'If you have any problem, please don't worry.' The phrase is also common in educational contexts. Teachers might tell students not to worry about difficult questions, or parents might discuss their worries about their child's academic performance. In professional environments, while perhaps less frequently expressed overtly, the underlying sentiment of concern can still be conveyed using this phrase, especially in team discussions about potential challenges. The ubiquity of फ़िक्र करना makes it an essential phrase to master for anyone aiming for fluency. It's a direct window into the emotional landscape of Hindi speakers, reflecting shared human experiences of apprehension and care. Listening to native speakers in various contexts will quickly familiarize you with its natural usage and varied applications.

Everyday Conversations
Commonly used by friends, family, and acquaintances to express personal worries or offer reassurance.
Media and Entertainment
Frequently heard in movies, TV shows, and songs to portray characters' emotions.
Formal Settings
Used in professional or medical contexts, often with a reassuring or explanatory tone.

In Hindi movies, characters often फ़िक्र करते हैं about their loved ones.

Learners of Hindi often make a few common mistakes when using फ़िक्र करना. One of the most frequent errors is with the conjugation of the verb 'करना' (karnā). Forgetting to conjugate it according to the subject's gender and number, or using the wrong tense, can lead to grammatically incorrect sentences. For example, a male speaker might incorrectly say 'मैं फ़िक्र कर रही हूँ' (main fikr kar rahī hū̃) instead of 'मैं फ़िक्र कर रहा हूँ' (main fikr kar rahā hū̃). Another common issue is the misuse of prepositions. While 'के बारे में' (ke bāre mein) is the most common way to say 'about', learners might omit it or use an incorrect preposition, making the sentence awkward or unclear. For instance, saying 'वह परीक्षा फ़िक्र करता है' (vah parīkṣā fikr kartā hai) instead of 'वह परीक्षा की फ़िक्र करता है' (vah parīkṣā kī fikr kartā hai) or 'वह परीक्षा के बारे में फ़िक्र करता है' (vah parīkṣā ke bāre mein fikr kartā hai) is a mistake. Some learners might also confuse फ़िक्र करना with similar-sounding words or phrases, or might incorrectly use it in situations where a different word would be more appropriate. For example, using it for a simple thought or idea instead of a genuine concern. Another potential pitfall is overusing it. While it's a common phrase, there are nuances in expressing different levels of concern. Using फ़िक्र करना for very minor issues might sound unnatural. Finally, direct translation from English can lead to errors. For instance, trying to say 'worrywart' directly might not yield a natural Hindi equivalent using फ़िक्र करना. Instead, descriptive phrases are often used. It's also important to distinguish between the noun 'फ़िक्र' and the verb phrase 'फ़िक्र करना'. While related, they are not interchangeable in all grammatical contexts. For example, you can say 'मुझे फ़िक्र है' (mujhe fikr hai - I have worry), but you cannot say 'मुझे फ़िक्र करता है' (mujhe fikr kartā hai) to mean the same thing. Understanding these nuances will significantly improve your accuracy and fluency.

Incorrect Conjugation
Failing to match the verb 'करना' (karnā) with the subject's gender, number, and tense.
Prepositional Errors
Incorrectly using or omitting prepositions like 'के बारे में' (ke bāre mein - about).
Overuse or Misapplication
Using the phrase for trivial matters or in contexts where a different expression is more suitable.

Incorrect: वह काम फ़िक्र करता है। Correct: वह काम की फ़िक्र करता है।

While फ़िक्र करना is a very common and useful phrase, Hindi offers several other words and phrases that convey similar meanings, often with slight variations in nuance or formality. The most direct synonym is चिंता करना (cintā karnā). Both phrases mean 'to worry' or 'to be concerned'. In many everyday contexts, they are interchangeable. For example, 'मुझे तुम्हारी चिंता है' (mujhe tumhārī cintā hai) and 'मुझे तुम्हारी फ़िक्र है' (mujhe tumhārī fikr hai) both mean 'I am worried about you.' However, 'चिंता' can sometimes imply a deeper, more serious concern, perhaps even bordering on distress, while 'फ़िक्र' might be used for a wider range of worries, including those that are less severe or more practical. Another related term is परेशान होना (pareśān honā), which means 'to be troubled' or 'to be bothered.' This phrase focuses more on the state of being disturbed or agitated by a problem rather than the active process of worrying. For example, 'परीक्षा के नतीजों से वह बहुत परेशान था' (parīkṣā ke natījõ se vah bahut pareśān thā) – 'He was very troubled by the exam results.' This is different from actively worrying about the results beforehand. For milder concerns or a feeling of unease, one might use सोचना (sochnā) in the sense of 'to ponder' or 'to think about something anxiously.' For instance, 'मैं इस बारे में बहुत सोच रहा हूँ' (maĩ is bāre mein bahut soč rahā hū̃) could imply worry if said with a concerned tone. In informal settings, especially when telling someone not to worry, घबराना (ghabrānā) which means 'to panic' or 'to get nervous', can be used in its negative form: 'घबराओ मत' (ghabrāo mat) – 'Don't panic/worry.' This is often used to calm someone down. For a more formal or literary expression of concern, especially regarding duty or responsibility, खयाल रखना (khayāl rakhnā) can sometimes imply a sense of mindful concern, though its primary meaning is 'to take care.' For instance, a leader might express concern for their team's welfare by saying, 'हमें अपनी टीम का खयाल रखना चाहिए' (hamẽ apnī ṭīm kā khayāl rakhnā cāhie) – 'We should take care of our team,' implying a concern for their well-being. When comparing, फ़िक्र करना and चिंता करना are the closest synonyms for 'to worry.' परेशान होना is about being troubled, and सोचना is about thinking, which can sometimes involve worry. घबराना मत is a direct command to stop worrying or panicking. Understanding these subtle differences allows for more precise and nuanced communication in Hindi.

फ़िक्र करना vs. चिंता करना
Both mean 'to worry'. 'चिंता' might imply deeper concern, while 'फ़िक्र' is broader.
फ़िक्र करना vs. परेशान होना
'फ़िक्र करना' is the act of worrying; 'परेशान होना' is the state of being troubled or bothered.
Informal Alternatives
'घबराओ मत' (ghabrāo mat - don't panic/worry) is common for reassurance.

Alternative: Instead of 'मैं फ़िक्र कर रहा हूँ', you can sometimes say 'मैं चिंता कर रहा हूँ'.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The word 'fikr' is related to the concept of deep thinking or contemplation. When this contemplation turns towards potential problems or negative outcomes, it evolves into worry. This connection highlights how excessive or anxious thought can lead to worry.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /fɪkr kərˈnɑː/
US /fɪkr kərˈnɑː/
The primary stress falls on the last syllable of 'करना' (karnā), which is 'ना' (nā). There is a secondary stress on the first syllable of 'फ़िक्र' (fikr).
Rima com
zikr (mention) shukr (gratitude) tukr (piece) safarnama (travelogue - end sound) muqaddar (destiny - end sound) behtar (better - end sound) chupke se (secretly - end sound) dil se (from the heart - end sound)
Erros comuns
  • Pronouncing 'fikr' as 'ficker' or adding an extra vowel sound.
  • Misplacing the stress, for example, stressing 'fikr' too much or stressing the wrong syllable in 'karnā'.
  • Not fully articulating the 'kr' sound in 'fikr', making it sound like 'fir'.
  • Pronouncing the final 'ā' in 'karnā' too short, like the 'a' in 'cat'.
  • Not differentiating between the short 'i' in 'fikr' and a long 'ee' sound.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5

At B1 level, learners should be able to understand 'फ़िक्र करना' in written texts discussing personal experiences, news articles about social issues, or simple narratives. Understanding the nuances might require some effort, but the core meaning should be clear.

Escrita 3/5

B1 learners should be able to use 'फ़िक्र करना' in their writing, forming simple sentences to express worry. They might still make conjugation errors but can convey the intended meaning.

Expressão oral 3/5

B1 learners can use 'फ़िक्र करना' in spoken conversations to express their worries or reassure others. Practice is needed to ensure correct pronunciation and natural phrasing.

Audição 3/5

B1 learners should be able to recognize 'फ़िक्र करना' when spoken by native speakers in everyday conversations, movies, or news broadcasts.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

करना (karnā - to do) होना (honā - to be/happen) मैं (main - I), तुम (tum - you), वह (vah - he/she/it) मेरा/मेरी (merā/merī - my) अच्छा (acchā - good), बुरा (burā - bad)

Aprenda a seguir

चिंता (cintā - worry) परेशान (pareśān - troubled) आश्वस्त (āśvast - reassured) निश्चिंत (niścint - carefree) भविष्य (bhaviṣya - future) समस्या (samasyā - problem)

Avançado

चिंतित (cintit - anxious, adjective form of चिंता) बेचैनी (becainī - restlessness, unease) तनाव (tanāv - stress) सुरक्षा (surakṣā - safety, security) अनिश्चितता (aniścit'tā - uncertainty)

Gramática essencial

Verb Conjugation in Hindi

The verb 'करना' in 'फ़िक्र करना' must be conjugated according to the subject's gender, number, and tense. For example, 'मैं फ़िक्र कर रहा हूँ' (male speaker, present continuous) vs. 'वह फ़िक्र कर रही थी' (female speaker, past continuous).

Use of Postpositions (e.g., 'के बारे में')

'फ़िक्र करना' is often followed by 'के बारे में' (ke bāre mein - about) to specify the object of worry. 'वह अपनी नौकरी के बारे में फ़िक्र कर रहा है।' (He is worrying about his job.)

Noun Phrases with 'की फ़िक्र'

The noun form 'फ़िक्र' can be used with possessive pronouns or nouns to indicate who is worried or what the worry is about. 'मुझे तुम्हारी फ़िक्र है।' (I am worried about you.)

Imperative Mood (Commands)

To tell someone not to worry, 'मत' (mat) is used with the verb stem: 'फ़िक्र मत करो।' (Don't worry.)

Conditional Sentences

Worry can be expressed as a consequence in conditional sentences. 'अगर बारिश हुई, तो मुझे यात्रा की फ़िक्र होगी।' (If it rains, I will worry about the journey.)

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Exemplos por nível

1

कोई फ़िक्र नहीं।

No worry.

Simple noun usage.

2

मैं फ़िक्र नहीं।

I am not worried.

Basic negation with noun.

3

यह फ़िक्र की बात है।

This is a matter of worry.

Noun phrase.

4

चिंता मत करो।

Don't worry.

Command form with synonym.

5

मुझे थोड़ी फ़िक्र है।

I have a little worry.

Noun with quantifier.

6

सब ठीक है।

Everything is alright.

Reassurance phrase.

7

क्या तुम फ़िक्र करते हो?

Do you worry?

Simple question with noun.

8

नहीं, बिल्कुल नहीं।

No, not at all.

Strong negation.

1

फ़िक्र मत करो, मैं आ जाऊँगा।

Don't worry, I will come.

Common reassuring phrase.

2

मुझे मेरे दोस्त की फ़िक्र है।

I am worried about my friend.

Noun with possessive pronoun.

3

क्या तुम्हें परीक्षा की फ़िक्र है?

Are you worried about the exam?

Question about a specific subject.

4

नहीं, मुझे कोई फ़िक्र नहीं है।

No, I have no worries.

Negation with 'कोई'.

5

वह हमेशा छोटी बातों की फ़िक्र करता है।

He always worries about small things.

Habitual worry about trivial matters.

6

तुम्हारी सेहत की फ़िक्र है मुझे।

I am worried about your health.

Concern for well-being.

7

हमें भविष्य की फ़िक्र करनी चाहिए।

We should worry about the future.

Suggestion to be concerned.

8

चिंता की कोई बात नहीं है।

There is no need to worry.

Common phrase of reassurance.

1

मुझे कल की मीटिंग की बहुत फ़िक्र हो रही है।

I am worrying a lot about tomorrow's meeting.

Present continuous tense, specifying the object of worry.

2

वह अपने बच्चों के भविष्य के बारे में फ़िक्र करता रहता है।

He keeps worrying about his children's future.

Continuous action, use of 'के बारे में'.

3

क्या तुम्हें पता है कि वह क्यों फ़िक्र कर रहा है?

Do you know why he is worrying?

Question about the reason for worry.

4

अगर तुम पढ़ाई नहीं करोगे, तो तुम्हें फ़िक्र करनी पड़ेगी।

If you don't study, you will have to worry.

Future consequence, conditional sentence.

5

मैंने कल रात ठीक से नींद नहीं ली क्योंकि मैं बहुत फ़िक्र कर रहा था।

I didn't sleep well last night because I was worrying a lot.

Past continuous tense, cause and effect.

6

हमें इस समस्या के समाधान के बारे में फ़िक्र नहीं करनी चाहिए, बल्कि कुछ करना चाहिए।

We shouldn't worry about the solution to this problem, but rather do something.

Negated present continuous, contrasting with action.

7

जब तक वह सुरक्षित घर नहीं पहुँचता, मुझे उसकी फ़िक्र रहेगी।

Until he reaches home safely, I will be worried about him.

Future state of worry.

8

कृपया ज़्यादा फ़िक्र मत करो, सब कुछ ठीक हो जाएगा।

Please don't worry too much, everything will be alright.

Polite command, reassurance.

1

आर्थिक मंदी के कारण, कई लोग अपनी नौकरियों को लेकर काफ़ी फ़िक्र कर रहे हैं।

Due to the economic recession, many people are quite worried about their jobs.

Expressing widespread concern about a socio-economic issue.

2

वह हमेशा छोटी-छोटी बातों पर फ़िक्र करता है, जिससे उसका तनाव बढ़ता है।

He always worries about trivial things, which increases his stress.

Describing a personality trait and its consequence.

3

क्या तुम इस प्रोजेक्ट की डेडलाइन को लेकर फ़िक्र कर रहे हो, या हम इसे आराम से पूरा कर सकते हैं?

Are you worrying about this project's deadline, or can we complete it comfortably?

Asking about the level of worry regarding a specific task.

4

मुझे इस बात की फ़िक्र है कि अगर हमने समय पर कार्रवाई नहीं की, तो स्थिति और बिगड़ सकती है।

I am concerned that if we don't take action on time, the situation could worsen.

Expressing concern about potential negative outcomes.

5

उसने अपनी माँ को आश्वस्त करने की कोशिश की कि वह बिल्कुल फ़िक्र न करे।

He tried to reassure his mother that she shouldn't worry at all.

Narrating an act of reassurance.

6

वैज्ञानिक इस बात की फ़िक्र कर रहे हैं कि जलवायु परिवर्तन के दीर्घकालिक प्रभाव क्या होंगे।

Scientists are concerned about what the long-term effects of climate change will be.

Expressing concern in a professional/academic context.

7

तुम्हें अपनी सेहत की इतनी फ़िक्र नहीं करनी चाहिए, बस स्वस्थ जीवनशैली अपनाओ।

You shouldn't worry so much about your health, just adopt a healthy lifestyle.

Advice to reduce worry by focusing on practical steps.

8

अक्सर हम उन चीज़ों की फ़िक्र करते हैं जो हमारे नियंत्रण में नहीं हैं।

Often we worry about things that are not in our control.

Philosophical observation about worry.

1

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय कूटनीति में, राष्ट्र अक्सर संभावित संघर्षों को लेकर सूक्ष्म रूप से फ़िक्र करते हैं।

In international diplomacy, nations often subtly worry about potential conflicts.

Using 'फ़िक्र करना' in a sophisticated, nuanced context of international relations.

2

उनकी लगातार असफलताएँ उसे इस हद तक फ़िक्र में डाल देती थीं कि वह रातों को सो नहीं पाता था।

His continuous failures would worry him to such an extent that he couldn't sleep at night.

Expressing deep, debilitating worry caused by repeated setbacks.

3

सरकार की नीतियों के बारे में आम जनता की फ़िक्र को नज़रअंदाज़ नहीं किया जा सकता।

The public's concern about the government's policies cannot be ignored.

Referring to collective public worry about policy matters.

4

एक कलाकार के रूप में, मुझे हमेशा अपने काम की गुणवत्ता और दर्शकों की प्रतिक्रिया की फ़िक्र रहती है।

As an artist, I am always concerned about the quality of my work and the audience's reaction.

Expressing professional concern for one's craft and reception.

5

हमें केवल तात्कालिक समस्याओं की फ़िक्र करने के बजाय, भविष्य के लिए एक स्थायी योजना बनाने पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना चाहिए।

Instead of just worrying about immediate problems, we should focus on creating a sustainable plan for the future.

Contrasting short-term worry with long-term planning.

6

कभी-कभी, सबसे बड़ी चिंता यह नहीं होती कि क्या होगा, बल्कि यह कि हम उसके लिए कितनी फ़िक्र करते हैं।

Sometimes, the biggest worry isn't what will happen, but rather how much we worry about it.

A philosophical statement about the nature of worry.

7

उसने अपने सहकर्मियों को आश्वस्त किया कि वह स्थिति को नियंत्रित करने के लिए हर संभव प्रयास करेगा, ताकि वे फ़िक्र न करें।

He assured his colleagues that he would make every possible effort to control the situation, so that they wouldn't worry.

Formal reassurance in a professional setting.

8

यह एक नाजुक स्थिति थी, और हर कोई इसके संभावित परिणामों को लेकर फ़िक्र कर रहा था।

It was a delicate situation, and everyone was worried about its potential consequences.

Describing a general atmosphere of worry due to a sensitive situation.

1

समाजशास्त्री इस बात की पड़ताल करते हैं कि कैसे विभिन्न सांस्कृतिक संदर्भों में चिंता और फ़िक्र करने की प्रवृत्तियाँ भिन्न होती हैं।

Sociologists investigate how tendencies for anxiety and worry vary across different cultural contexts.

Academic discourse on cultural variations in worry.

2

अस्तित्ववादी दर्शन में, मानव की नियति की अनिश्चितता के प्रति सहज फ़िक्र एक केंद्रीय विषय है।

In existential philosophy, an inherent worry about the uncertainty of human destiny is a central theme.

Applying 'फ़िक्र' in a philosophical context related to existentialism.

3

वह व्यक्ति, जो हमेशा दूसरों की भलाई के लिए फ़िक्र करता रहता है, अक्सर अपनी व्यक्तिगत ज़रूरतों को नज़रअंदाज़ कर देता है।

The person who always worries about the well-being of others often neglects their own personal needs.

Describing a selfless individual whose constant worry for others leads to self-neglect.

4

इतिहास गवाह है कि अनियंत्रित महत्वाकांक्षाएँ अक्सर बड़े पैमाने पर फ़िक्र और अस्थिरता को जन्म देती हैं।

History is witness that unchecked ambitions often give rise to widespread worry and instability.

Connecting ambition with societal worry and instability in a historical context.

5

हमारी सामूहिक चेतना में, भविष्य के प्रति एक अंतर्निहित फ़िक्र हमेशा मौजूद रहती है, जो हमें योजना बनाने और अनुकूलन करने के लिए प्रेरित करती है।

In our collective consciousness, an underlying worry about the future always exists, motivating us to plan and adapt.

Discussing worry as a collective human trait influencing behavior.

6

यह एक जटिल नैतिक दुविधा थी, जिसके बारे में निर्णय लेने वाले को गहराई से फ़िक्र करनी पड़ी।

It was a complex ethical dilemma, about which the decision-maker had to worry deeply.

Expressing profound worry associated with making a difficult ethical decision.

7

जो लोग लगातार अपनी सेहत को लेकर फ़िक्र करते हैं, वे अक्सर चिकित्सा सलाह लेने में हिचकिचाते हैं, डरते हैं कि कहीं कोई गंभीर बीमारी न निकल आए।

Those who constantly worry about their health often hesitate to seek medical advice, fearing that a serious illness might be discovered.

Describing a paradox where excessive worry about health leads to avoidance of medical help.

8

किसी राष्ट्र की सांस्कृतिक पहचान को बनाए रखने की फ़िक्र, उसके नागरिकों के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण चिंता का विषय बन जाती है।

The worry about maintaining a nation's cultural identity becomes a significant concern for its citizens.

Discussing national identity and the associated concern.

Sinônimos

चिंता करना परेशान होना सोचना (चिंता के अर्थ में) घबराना (नकारात्मक रूप में) खयाल रखना (सावधानी के अर्थ में) असमंजस में पड़ना बेचैन होना तनाव में रहना

Antônimos

निश्चिंत होना खुश होना आश्वस्त होना बेफिक्र होना

Colocações comuns

बहुत फ़िक्र करना
ज़्यादा फ़िक्र करना
फ़िक्र मत करो
फ़िक्र होना
किसकी फ़िक्र करना
किस बात की फ़िक्र
फ़िक्र करना बंद करो
फ़िक्र की बात
फ़िक्र से दूर रहना
गहरी फ़िक्र

Frases Comuns

फ़िक्र मत करो।

— Don't worry. This is a very common phrase used to reassure someone.

फ़िक्र मत करो, सब ठीक हो जाएगा।

मुझे तुम्हारी फ़िक्र है।

— I am worried about you. Expresses concern for another person's well-being.

तुम्हारे अकेले बाहर जाने की मुझे फ़िक्र है।

किस बात की फ़िक्र?

— What are you worried about? Used to inquire about someone's concerns.

तुम इतने चुप क्यों हो? किस बात की फ़िक्र?

ज़्यादा फ़िक्र मत करो।

— Don't worry too much. Used when someone is overly concerned about something.

यह एक छोटी सी समस्या है, ज़्यादा फ़िक्र मत करो।

मुझे कोई फ़िक्र नहीं है।

— I have no worries. Expresses a lack of concern.

कल की परीक्षा को लेकर मुझे कोई फ़िक्र नहीं है।

यह फ़िक्र की बात है।

— This is a matter of concern/worry. Used to highlight a serious issue.

जिस तरह से हालात बिगड़ रहे हैं, यह फ़िक्र की बात है।

फ़िक्र में पड़ना

— To fall into worry; to start worrying.

उसकी अचानक अनुपस्थिति से हम सब फ़िक्र में पड़ गए।

फ़िक्र से आज़ाद

— Free from worry; carefree.

वह एक फ़िक्र से आज़ाद जीवन जीना चाहता है।

फ़िक्र की जड़

— The root cause of worry. Used to identify the origin of concern.

हमें फ़िक्र की जड़ तक जाना होगा।

फ़िक्र का माहौल

— An atmosphere of worry or anxiety.

परीक्षा के दिनों में स्कूल में फ़िक्र का माहौल बन जाता है।

Frequentemente confundido com

फ़िक्र करना vs चिंता करना

Very similar, often interchangeable. 'चिंता' might imply deeper or more serious concern than 'फ़िक्र'.

फ़िक्र करना vs सोचना

Means 'to think'. Can imply worry when used in a context of uncertainty or with a concerned tone, but not its primary meaning.

फ़िक्र करना vs घबराना

Means 'to panic' or 'get nervous'. Used negatively ('घबराओ मत') as 'don't worry', but it's more about preventing panic.

Expressões idiomáticas

"दिल पर फ़िक्र सवार होना"

— To have worry weigh heavily on one's heart or mind; to be consumed by worry.

जब से उसका फोन नहीं आया, मेरे दिल पर फ़िक्र सवार हो गई है।

Idiomatic/Informal
"फ़िक्र की गाँठ बाँधना"

— To tie a knot of worry; to constantly hold onto a worry, making it difficult to let go.

छोटी-छोटी बातों की गाँठ बाँधना अच्छी आदत नहीं है।

Idiomatic/Informal
"फ़िक्र का भूत सवार होना"

— For the 'ghost of worry' to possess someone; to be excessively worried, almost obsessively.

उसे हमेशा किसी न किसी बात का फ़िक्र का भूत सवार रहता है।

Idiomatic/Informal
"फ़िक्र को सर पर उठाना"

— To carry worry on one's head; to take on excessive worry or responsibility for things that are not necessarily one's own.

दूसरों की समस्याओं की फ़िक्र को सर पर उठाना ठीक नहीं है।

Idiomatic/Informal
"फ़िक्र की लकीरें चेहरे पर आना"

— Lines of worry appearing on the face; to look visibly worried due to stress.

लगातार काम के दबाव से उसके चेहरे पर फ़िक्र की लकीरें आ गई थीं।

Descriptive/Idiomatic
"फ़िक्र की आग भड़कना"

— The fire of worry igniting; to suddenly become intensely worried.

उसकी अप्रत्याशित खबर सुनते ही मेरे मन में फ़िक्र की आग भड़क उठी।

Idiomatic/Figurative
"फ़िक्र का बादल छाना"

— A cloud of worry to spread; to feel a general sense of gloom or anxiety.

उसकी तरफ़ से कोई खबर न आने पर, उसके परिवार पर फ़िक्र का बादल छा गया।

Idiomatic/Figurative
"फ़िक्र को दूर भगाना"

— To chase away worry; to try to get rid of anxieties.

योग और ध्यान से फ़िक्र को दूर भगाने में मदद मिलती है।

Figurative/Action-oriented
"फ़िक्र की चादर ओढ़ना"

— To wear a sheet of worry; to be completely enveloped in worry.

जब से उसने नौकरी खोई है, वह फ़िक्र की चादर ओढ़े हुए है।

Idiomatic/Figurative
"फ़िक्र का बोझ उठाना"

— To carry the burden of worry; to feel weighed down by anxieties.

वह अकेले ही सारे फ़िक्र का बोझ उठाता है।

Idiomatic/Figurative

Fácil de confundir

फ़िक्र करना vs चिंता करना

Both mean 'to worry' and are frequently used interchangeably.

'फ़िक्र करना' is generally used for a broader range of concerns, from minor apprehensions to significant worries. 'चिंता करना' can sometimes imply a deeper, more serious, or prolonged state of anxiety, bordering on distress. However, in everyday conversation, the distinction is often blurred.

वह अपनी सेहत की फ़िक्र कर रहा है। (He is worried about his health - general concern). वह अपनी बीमारी की चिंता कर रहा था। (He was worried about his illness - potentially deeper concern).

फ़िक्र करना vs परेशान होना

Both describe negative emotional states related to problems.

'फ़िक्र करना' is the active process of worrying about something that might happen or is happening. 'परेशान होना' means 'to be troubled' or 'to be bothered' by a current situation or problem. It describes the resulting state of distress.

मैं परीक्षा के नतीजों की फ़िक्र कर रहा हूँ। (I am worrying about the exam results - the act of worrying). परीक्षा के नतीजों से वह परेशान था। (He was troubled by the exam results - the state of being bothered).

फ़िक्र करना vs सोचना

Can imply worry when used in certain contexts.

'सोचना' primarily means 'to think' or 'to ponder'. It only implies worry when the context suggests uncertainty, apprehension, or a negative outlook. 'फ़िक्र करना' specifically denotes the emotion of worry.

मैं इस बारे में सोच रहा हूँ। (I am thinking about this - neutral). मैं इस बारे में बहुत सोच रहा हूँ। (I am thinking a lot about this - could imply worry). मुझे इस बारे में फ़िक्र हो रही है। (I am getting worried about this - direct expression of worry).

फ़िक्र करना vs घबराना

The negative command 'घबराओ मत' is used as 'don't worry'.

'घबराना' means 'to panic' or 'to become nervous'. While 'घबराओ मत' is a common way to tell someone not to worry, it's more about preventing panic or extreme nervousness. 'फ़िक्र मत करो' is a broader reassurance against general worry or anxiety.

इतना घबराओ मत, यह सिर्फ एक छोटी सी समस्या है। (Don't panic so much, it's just a small problem). फ़िक्र मत करो, मैं तुम्हारी मदद करूँगा। (Don't worry, I will help you - general reassurance).

फ़िक्र करना vs बेफिक्र होना

It's the direct opposite of worrying.

'बेफिक्र होना' means 'to be carefree' or 'to be unworried'. It describes a state of not having any worries. 'फ़िक्र करना' is the act of experiencing worry.

वह हमेशा बेफिक्र रहता है। (He is always carefree). वह छोटी-छोटी बातों की फ़िक्र करता रहता है। (He keeps worrying about small things).

Padrões de frases

A2

Subject + फ़िक्र मत करो।

तुम फ़िक्र मत करो।

A2

मुझे + Object + की + फ़िक्र है।

मुझे मेरी माँ की फ़िक्र है।

B1

Subject + Object + के बारे में + फ़िक्र कर रहा/रही है।

वह अपनी परीक्षा के बारे में फ़िक्र कर रहा है।

B1

अगर + Condition, तो + Subject + को + फ़िक्र होगी।

अगर वह देर से आया, तो मुझे फ़िक्र होगी।

B2

Subject + इस बात की फ़िक्र है कि + Clause।

मुझे इस बात की फ़िक्र है कि वह समय पर नहीं पहुँचेगा।

B2

Subject + हमेशा + Noun + की + फ़िक्र करता है।

वह हमेशा छोटी-छोटी बातों की फ़िक्र करता है।

C1

Noun Phrase (worry) + को + कम करके नहीं आँका जा सकता।

आम जनता की फ़िक्र को कम करके नहीं आँका जा सकता।

C1

Subject + इस हद तक + फ़िक्र करता/करती थी कि + Clause।

वह इस हद तक फ़िक्र करती थी कि सो नहीं पाती थी।

Família de palavras

Substantivos

फ़िक्र (fikr) - worry, concern
फिक्रमंद (fikrmand) - one who worries, a worrier

Verbos

फ़िक्र करना (fikr karnā) - to worry
फ़िक्र होना (fikr honā) - to feel worried

Adjetivos

फिक्रमंद (fikrmand) - worried, concerned (can also be used as a noun)

Relacionado

चिंता (cintā) - worry, anxiety
परेशान (pareśān) - troubled, bothered
बेचैन (becain) - restless, uneasy
आश्वस्त (āśvast) - reassured, confident
निश्चिंत (niścint) - carefree, unworried
Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

frequency

Very High

Erros comuns
  • Incorrect verb conjugation (gender/tense) → वह फ़िक्र कर रहा है। (He is worrying.)

    Forgetting to match the verb ending 'रहा' (rahā) with the male subject or using the wrong tense.

  • Omitting 'के बारे में' → मुझे अपने भविष्य के बारे में फ़िक्र है। (I am worried about my future.)

    Saying 'मुझे अपने भविष्य फ़िक्र है' is grammatically incorrect. The postposition 'के बारे में' is needed to specify the object of worry.

  • Confusing 'फ़िक्र' (noun) with 'फ़िक्र करना' (verb phrase) → मुझे तुम्हारी फ़िक्र है। (I am worried about you.)

    Incorrectly using the verb phrase structure with the noun: 'मुझे तुम्हारी फ़िक्र करता हूँ' is wrong. You either have 'फ़िक्र है' (worry exists) or 'फ़िक्र कर रहा हूँ' (I am doing worry/worrying).

  • Overusing 'फ़िक्र करना' for trivial matters → यह एक छोटी सी बात है, ज़्यादा फ़िक्र मत करो। (This is a small matter, don't worry too much.)

    Using 'फ़िक्र करना' for very minor issues can sound unnatural. Sometimes, simpler phrases or a lack of expressed worry are more appropriate.

  • Mispronouncing 'फ़िक्र' → Listen to native speakers for the correct pronunciation of 'fikr' with the clipped 'kr' sound.

    Pronouncing it like 'ficker' or 'fir' changes the word and can cause confusion.

Dicas

Master Verb Conjugation

Remember that 'करना' (karnā) is a verb and needs to be conjugated correctly based on the subject's gender, number, and the tense of the sentence. For example, 'वह फ़िक्र कर रहा है' (male) vs. 'वह फ़िक्र कर रही है' (female).

Use 'के बारे में'

To specify what the worry is about, use the postposition 'के बारे में' (ke bāre mein - about). For example, 'मैं अपनी परीक्षा के बारे में फ़िक्र कर रहा हूँ' (I am worrying about my exam).

Practice the 'kr' sound

The 'kr' sound in 'फ़िक्र' (fikr) is important. Practice saying it clearly without adding extra vowels, similar to how you would pronounce 'crack' without adding 'uh' after 'k'.

Learn 'फ़िक्र मत करो'

This is one of the most useful phrases you'll learn. 'फ़िक्र मत करो' means 'Don't worry' and is essential for reassuring others.

Explore Alternatives

While 'फ़िक्र करना' is common, also learn synonyms like 'चिंता करना' (cintā karnā) and 'परेशान होना' (pareśān honā) to express worry and distress with more nuance.

Use Mnemonics

Connect 'फ़िक्र' to the English word 'figure' and imagine a worried 'figure' always 'karna' (doing) something that causes worry. This can help you remember the word and its meaning.

Understand its Social Role

In Hindi culture, expressing concern for loved ones is a sign of affection. 'फ़िक्र करना' is often used to show care, so don't be surprised to hear it frequently in social interactions.

Active Recall

Try to actively use 'फ़िक्र करना' in your own sentences daily. Write them down, say them aloud, and try to incorporate them into conversations whenever appropriate.

Avoid Direct Translation

Don't directly translate English phrases about worry. For example, 'worrywart' is not directly translated. Instead, describe the person's tendency to worry using phrases like 'वह बहुत फ़िक्र करता है' (he worries a lot).

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine a 'figure' (sounds like 'fikr') of a person constantly pacing back and forth, looking worried. This 'figure' is always 'karna' (doing) something related to worry, like checking locks or looking at the clock. So, 'figure karna' reminds you of 'fikr karnā' – worrying.

Associação visual

Picture a person with a furrowed brow, holding their head in their hands, surrounded by question marks and exclamation points. This visual represents the feeling of being overwhelmed by worry. The word 'फ़िक्र' itself can be visualized as a tangled knot, representing the complex and binding nature of worry.

Word Web

Worry Anxiety Concern Apprehension Unease Stress Trouble Care

Desafio

Try to use 'फ़िक्र करना' in at least three different sentences today, describing worries about yourself, someone else, and a future event. For example: 'I am worrying about my exam,' 'My mother is worrying about my father's health,' and 'We are worrying about the upcoming storm.'

Origem da palavra

The word 'फ़िक्र' (fikr) originates from Arabic, where it means 'thought', 'consideration', or 'worry'. It entered Hindi through Persian and Urdu.

Significado original: In Arabic, 'fikr' primarily means 'thought' or 'reflection'. The sense of 'worry' or 'concern' developed as a secondary meaning, often arising from overthinking or contemplating potential negative outcomes.

Indo-Aryan (Hindi), with roots in Semitic (Arabic via Persian/Urdu).

Contexto cultural

While 'फ़िक्र करना' is a common phrase, it's important to be mindful of the context. Constantly expressing worry about others might sometimes be perceived as intrusive or overly anxious. Conversely, dismissing someone's genuine worries could be insensitive. The phrase itself is neutral, but its usage and the underlying emotions it conveys carry social and emotional weight.

In English-speaking cultures, while 'worry' is a common emotion, the expression of it can sometimes be perceived differently. There might be more emphasis on 'staying positive' or 'not dwelling on problems', although concern for others is also very important. The directness and frequency with which 'फ़िक्र करना' is used in Hindi might be more pronounced than in some English-speaking contexts.

In many Bollywood movies, characters often express deep 'फ़िक्र' for their loved ones, especially during times of crisis or separation. This is a common trope to evoke empathy. Proverbs and sayings in Hindi often touch upon the nature of worry, for example, 'चिंता चिता समान है' (Cintā citā samān hai - Worry is equal to a funeral pyre), highlighting its destructive potential. In devotional songs and prayers, devotees often express their 'फ़िक्र' about their worldly attachments and seek solace or liberation from it.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Personal worries about exams, career, or future plans.

  • परीक्षा की फ़िक्र
  • नौकरी की फ़िक्र
  • भविष्य की फ़िक्र

Concerns about the health and well-being of family members or friends.

  • माँ की फ़िक्र
  • बच्चों की फ़िक्र
  • दोस्त की फ़िक्र

Worries related to financial matters or daily life problems.

  • पैसे की फ़िक्र
  • घर की फ़िक्र
  • रोज़ी-रोटी की फ़िक्र

Expressing reassurance or telling someone not to worry.

  • फ़िक्र मत करो
  • ज़्यादा फ़िक्र मत करो
  • चिंता की कोई बात नहीं

Discussing societal or global issues that cause concern.

  • देश की फ़िक्र
  • महंगाई की फ़िक्र
  • पर्यावरण की फ़िक्र

Iniciadores de conversa

"आजकल तुम किस बात की फ़िक्र कर रहे हो?"

"क्या तुम्हें कल की मीटिंग की फ़िक्र है?"

"अपने परिवार की सेहत को लेकर तुम्हें कितनी फ़िक्र है?"

"क्या तुम भविष्य को लेकर फ़िक्र करते हो, या तुम निश्चिंत हो?"

"जब तुम फ़िक्र करते हो, तो तुम क्या करते हो उसे दूर भगाने के लिए?"

Temas para diário

आज मैंने किस चीज़ की फ़िक्र की और क्यों?

क्या मेरी फ़िक्र जायज़ थी या मैं ज़्यादा सोच रहा था?

मैं अपने प्रियजनों के लिए क्या फ़िक्र करता हूँ और उन्हें कैसे आश्वस्त कर सकता हूँ?

कौन सी चीज़ें मुझे सबसे ज़्यादा फ़िक्र में डालती हैं और मैं उनसे कैसे निपट सकता हूँ?

क्या कोई ऐसी फ़िक्र है जिसे मैं छोड़ सकता हूँ, और अगर हाँ, तो कैसे?

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Both phrases mean 'to worry' and are often used interchangeably in everyday Hindi. However, 'फ़िक्र करना' can sometimes be used for a wider range of concerns, from minor apprehensions to significant worries. 'चिंता करना' might imply a deeper, more serious, or prolonged state of anxiety, sometimes bordering on distress. Think of 'फ़िक्र' as general concern and 'चिंता' as deeper anxiety, though this distinction is not always strict.

Generally, 'फ़िक्र करना' is used for living beings or abstract concepts like future, career, or problems. You wouldn't typically say 'मैं गाड़ी की फ़िक्र कर रहा हूँ' (I am worrying about the car) unless you mean you are worried about its performance or potential issues. More common would be 'मुझे गाड़ी की चिंता है' or 'मुझे गाड़ी के खराब होने का डर है' (I fear the car breaking down).

The most common and direct way to say 'Don't worry' is 'फ़िक्र मत करो' (fikr mat karo). You can also use 'चिंता मत करो' (cintā mat karo) which is very similar. For a stronger reassurance, you might say 'ज़्यादा फ़िक्र मत करो' (zyādā fikr mat karo - don't worry too much) or 'घबराओ मत' (ghabrāo mat - don't panic/get nervous).

'फ़िक्र करना' is a versatile phrase used in both informal and neutral contexts. While it can be used in formal settings, very formal situations might prefer terms like 'सरोकार रखना' (sarokār rakhnā - to be concerned/involved) or more specific vocabulary depending on the topic. However, 'फ़िक्र करना' is widely understood and accepted across most registers.

The noun form is 'फ़िक्र' (fikr), which means 'worry' or 'concern'. For example, 'मुझे उसकी फ़िक्र है' (mujhe uskī fikr hai) means 'I have concern for him/her'.

Yes, absolutely. You can say 'मैं फ़िक्र कर रहा हूँ' (main fikr kar rahā hū̃ - male speaker) or 'मैं फ़िक्र कर रही हूँ' (main fikr kar rahī hū̃ - female speaker) to express that you are worrying about something yourself.

This phrase translates to 'I am worried about you' or 'I am concerned about you'. It's an expression of care and affection, indicating that the speaker is thinking about your well-being and potential troubles.

While 'फ़िक्र करना' can express deep worry, for extreme anxiety, synonyms like 'गहरी चिंता' (gahrī cintā - deep anxiety) or phrases like 'बहुत बेचैन होना' (bahut becain honā - to be very restless/uneasy) might be more fitting, or simply emphasizing the worry with adverbs like 'बहुत' (bahut - very) or 'काफ़ी' (kāfī - quite).

It depends on the subject and whether the action was continuous or completed. For example: 'मैं फ़िक्र कर रहा था' (I was worrying - male), 'वह फ़िक्र कर रही थी' (She was worrying - female), 'हमने फ़िक्र की' (We worried - completed action).

Yes, there are several idiomatic expressions like 'दिल पर फ़िक्र सवार होना' (to have worry weigh heavily on one's heart) or 'फ़िक्र का भूत सवार होना' (to be excessively worried). These add color and depth to the expression of worry.

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