活発な em 30 segundos
- Kappatsu na means active or lively, describing both people and abstract systems like markets.
- It is a na-adjective, so it becomes 'kappatsu na' before nouns and 'kappatsu ni' as an adverb.
- Commonly used in professional settings for 'lively discussions' and in science for 'volcanic activity'.
- It differs from 'genki' by focusing on the outward movement rather than internal health or mood.
The Japanese word 活発な (かっぱつな, kappatsu na) is a versatile na-adjective that describes a state of high activity, energy, or vigor. At its core, it combines the kanji 活 (life, activity, flow) and 発 (discharge, emit, start), suggesting an outward expression of life energy. Unlike simple terms for 'energetic,' kappatsu often implies a productive or continuous flow of movement or thought.
- Personality and Behavior
- When describing people, particularly children or students, it refers to a 'lively' or 'outgoing' nature. A kappatsu na kodomo is not just energetic but likely participates in many activities and speaks up often.
彼は小さい頃から、とても活発な少年でした。
(He has been a very lively boy since he was little.)
- Abstract Activity
- It is frequently used for discussions (giron), exchanges (kouryuu), or markets (shijou). It indicates that the process is moving quickly and with high participation.
In scientific or geographical contexts, you will hear it regarding volcanic activity (kazan katsudou) or chemical reactions. If a volcano is kappatsu, it means it is showing signs of erupting or is currently very active. This breadth from human personality to geological forces makes it a vital word for B1 learners and above.
最近、火山の活動が活発になっています。
(Recently, volcanic activity has become active.)
Using 活発な correctly requires understanding its grammar as a na-adjective. It can modify nouns directly with 'na' or function as an adverb with 'ni'.
- Modifying Nouns
- Place it before the noun: [Adjective] + な + [Noun]. Common pairings include kappatsu na giron (lively discussion) and kappatsu na kouryuu (active exchange).
会議では活発な意見交換が行われました。
(A lively exchange of opinions took place at the meeting.)
- Adverbial Form
- To describe how something is moving or acting, use 活発に (kappatsu ni). This is often paired with verbs like 'ugoku' (to move) or 'hataraku' (to work/function).
市場は午後から活発に動き始めました。
(The market started moving actively from the afternoon.)
You will encounter 活発な in several specific spheres of Japanese life. It is not just a 'book word'; it is essential for news, business, and daily social descriptions.
- In the News
- News anchors use it to describe economic activity (keizai katsudou) or weather patterns. If the 'rain front' (ba-u zensen) is active, they say it is kappatsu.
秋雨前線の活動が活発になり、大雨に注意が必要です。
(The autumn rain front has become active, so caution against heavy rain is necessary.)
- In Business Meetings
- Facilitators often encourage participation by asking for kappatsu na giron. It sets a professional tone that welcomes debate and energy without being informal.
皆様の活発なご意見をお待ちしております。
(We look forward to your active/lively opinions.)
While 活発な is common, learners often confuse it with other 'energy' words. Understanding the nuance of 'activity' vs 'health' is key.
- Mistake 1: Confusing with 元気 (Genki)
- Genki refers to health and general spirit. If someone is sick, they aren't genki. Kappatsu refers to the level of movement. You can be healthy (genki) but quiet (not kappatsu).
✕ 彼は活発な病気です (Incorrect: He is an active illness)
○ 彼は活発な性格です (Correct: He has a lively personality)
- Mistake 2: Overusing it for Physical Exercise
- For 'doing sports,' use undou or active (katakana). Kappatsu is more about the frequency or intensity of general activity, not just the act of working out.
To enrich your Japanese, compare 活発な with these synonyms. Each has a slightly different 'flavor'.
- 盛んな (Sakan na)
- Used for things that are flourishing or popular. 'Sports are sakan' means they are thriving in a community. Kappatsu means the current movement is high.
- 賑やかな (Nigiyaka na)
- This means 'bustling' or 'noisy' in a good way. A party is nigiyaka. A discussion is kappatsu. Nigiyaka is about the atmosphere; kappatsu is about the action.
この町は観光が盛んで、いつも賑やかです。
(Tourism thrives in this town, and it is always bustling.)
- 活動的な (Katsudouteki na)
- Very close to 'active' (person who does things). While kappatsu is a state, katsudouteki is often a personality trait or lifestyle choice.
How Formal Is It?
Curiosidade
The kanji 活 (Katsu) originally depicted water flowing, symbolizing that life is like moving water—if it stops, it becomes stagnant. 活発 captures that 'flowing' energy.
Guia de pronúncia
- Pronouncing 'tsu' as 'too'.
- Forgetting the small 'tsu' (pause) before 'pa'.
- Mispronouncing it as 'kapatsu' (one p).
- Confusing the pitch with 'kappatsu' (the noun form without na).
- Using 'no' instead of 'na' for the adjective.
Nível de dificuldade
Kanji are common but require knowledge of the 'tsu' doubling rule.
活 and 発 are standard N3 level kanji.
Easy to pronounce once the double 'p' is mastered.
Distinct sound makes it easy to pick out in speech.
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Gramática essencial
Na-adjective + な + Noun
活発な子供 (Kappatsu na kodomo)
Na-adjective + に + Verb
活発に遊ぶ (Kappatsu ni asobu)
Adjective + になる (To become)
活発になる (Kappatsu ni naru)
Noun + 化 (Suffix for '-ization')
活発化 (Kappatsuka - Activation)
Negative form with ではない / じゃない
活発ではない (Not active)
Exemplos por nível
活発な犬ですね。
It's a lively dog, isn't it?
Na-adjective modifying a noun.
弟はとても活発です。
My younger brother is very active.
Used as a predicate with 'desu'.
活発な子供たちが走っています。
Lively children are running.
Na-adjective + noun.
猫は夜、活発になります。
Cats become active at night.
Ni + naru (to become).
活発なクラスですね。
It's a lively class.
Describing a group.
彼は活発な人です。
He is an active person.
Simple description.
活発に遊びましょう！
Let's play actively!
Adverbial use.
彼女は活発な女の子です。
She is a lively girl.
Na-adjective + noun.
公園で子供たちが活発に動いています。
Children are moving actively in the park.
Adverb 'kappatsu ni' modifying 'ugoku'.
この町は活発な雰囲気があります。
This town has a lively atmosphere.
Describing 'fun-iki' (atmosphere).
活発な議論をしましょう。
Let's have a lively discussion.
Common collocation with 'giron'.
魚が活発に泳いでいます。
The fish are swimming vigorously.
Describing animal movement.
活発な交流が続いています。
Active exchange is continuing.
Abstract noun modification.
彼は活発な性格で、友達が多いです。
He has a lively personality and many friends.
Describing 'seikaku' (personality).
夏休み、子供たちは活発に過ごしました。
The children spent their summer vacation actively.
Adverbial use with 'sugosu'.
活発な活動を応援します。
I support active activities.
Noun phrase.
会議では活発な意見交換が行われました。
A lively exchange of opinions took place at the meeting.
Passive voice 'okonawaremashita'.
最近、火山の活動が活発になっています。
Recently, volcanic activity has become active.
Scientific context.
市場は活発な動きを見せています。
The market is showing active movement.
Economic context.
活発な議論の結果、新しい計画が決まりました。
As a result of the lively discussion, a new plan was decided.
Cause and effect.
若者の間で活発な交流が行われています。
Active exchange is taking place among young people.
Social context.
彼は活発な発言で会議をリードした。
He led the meeting with his active remarks.
Means/Method 'de'.
太陽の活動が活発な時期です。
It is a period when solar activity is vigorous.
Astronomical context.
この地域は商売が活発です。
Business is active in this region.
Predicate adjective.
梅雨前線の活動が活発化し、各地で豪雨となりました。
The activity of the seasonal rain front intensified, leading to heavy rain in various areas.
Kappatsu-ka (intensification).
脳の活動が最も活発なのはいつですか？
When is brain activity most active?
Biological context.
活発な投資活動が経済を支えています。
Active investment activity is supporting the economy.
Business/Finance.
この細胞は非常に活発に分裂します。
This cell divides very actively.
Scientific/Biological.
活発な反対運動が起こりました。
A vigorous protest movement occurred.
Political/Social.
彼は活発な筆致で絵を描いた。
He painted with vigorous brushstrokes.
Artistic context (hitchi).
情報の活発な行き来がイノベーションを生む。
The active flow of information creates innovation.
Abstract concept.
筋肉の代謝が活発になると、体温が上がります。
When muscle metabolism becomes active, body temperature rises.
Physiological context.
両国間での活発な外交交渉が続けられている。
Vigorous diplomatic negotiations are being continued between both countries.
Formal diplomatic register.
活発な議論が交わされる中、妥協点が見出された。
Amidst the lively discussion being exchanged, a point of compromise was found.
Naka (amidst) + passive.
その作家は活発な創作活動で知られている。
The author is known for their vigorous creative activity.
Describing career output.
都市部では活発な再開発が進んでいる。
Vigorous redevelopment is progressing in urban areas.
Urban planning context.
彼女の活発な想像力は、読者を驚かせた。
Her vivid imagination surprised the readers.
Abstract mental trait.
活発な議論を喚起するために、あえて反対意見を述べた。
In order to stimulate lively discussion, I dared to state an opposing opinion.
Kanki suru (to stimulate/evoke).
活発な取引が行われている証券取引所。
A stock exchange where active trading is taking place.
Financial register.
神経細胞が活発に信号を送っている。
Neurons are actively sending signals.
Advanced biology.
活発な地殻変動により、新たな島が形成された。
Due to vigorous tectonic activity, a new island was formed.
Geological terminology.
言論の自由が保障され、活発な言説が飛び交っている。
Freedom of speech is guaranteed, and vigorous discourse is flying about.
Political philosophy register.
活発な分子運動が物質の状態を変化させる。
Vigorous molecular motion changes the state of matter.
Physics context.
その政党は活発な党内議論を経て、新方針を打ち出した。
After vigorous internal party debate, the party launched a new policy.
High-level political reporting.
活発な文化交流が、相互理解の礎となる。
Vigorous cultural exchange becomes the foundation of mutual understanding.
Ishizue (foundation/cornerstone).
活発な経済循環を維持するためには、消費の拡大が不可欠だ。
In order to maintain a vigorous economic cycle, expansion of consumption is indispensable.
Macroeconomic theory.
活発な議論を戦わせることは、民主主義の根幹である。
Engaging in vigorous debate is the core of democracy.
Tatanwaseru (to engage/compete).
活発な新陳代謝は、若々しさを保つ鍵である。
Vigorous metabolism is the key to maintaining youthfulness.
Formal health/biology.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— To engage in activities vigorously.
ボランティアとして活発に活動しています。
— To make a discussion lively.
質問をして議論を活発にする。
— A lively back-and-forth exchange.
メールで活発なやり取りをする。
— Movement is vigorous/frequent.
敵の動きが活発だ。
— An active period.
一年で最も活発な時期。
— A lively child.
活発な子供は外で遊ぶのが好きだ。
— Investment is active.
不動産への投資が活発だ。
— Active/lively opinions.
活発な意見を求める。
— To activate the brain.
パズルは脳を活発にする。
— To become active (verb form).
反対運動が活発化している。
Frequentemente confundido com
Genki is about health/spirit; Kappatsu is about activity level.
Nigiyaka is about noise/atmosphere; Kappatsu is about action/movement.
Isogashii is 'busy' (often negative/stressful); Kappatsu is 'active' (usually neutral/positive).
Expressões idiomáticas
— To engage in a fierce/vigorous debate.
朝まで活発な議論を戦わせた。
Formal— To expand one's field of activity (related to being active).
彼は海外へ活動の場を広げた。
Neutral— Full of vigor and spirit (often young people).
血気盛んな若者たち。
Literary— In high spirits; elated and vigorous.
意気軒昂として会場に入った。
Formal/Idiomatic— So vigorous/powerful that one could bring down a flying bird.
今の彼は飛ぶ鳥を落とす勢いだ。
Idiomatic— To be overflowing with life/energy.
市場は活気に満ちている。
Neutral— To write vigorously/fluently (active writing).
今日は筆が走る。
Literary— To display one's skill vigorously.
料理人が腕を振るう。
Neutral— To work hard/actively at something.
仕事に精を出す。
NeutralFácil de confundir
Both mean active/flourishing.
Sakan is about popularity or widespread occurrence; Kappatsu is about the intensity of the specific movement.
テニスが盛んな国 (A country where tennis is popular) vs 活発な試合 (An active/lively match).
Both translate to 'active'.
Katsudouteki is more about a person's lifestyle or tendency to take action; Kappatsu is the state of the activity itself.
活動的な人 (An active person) vs 活発な議論 (A lively discussion).
Both describe lively people.
Youki focuses on cheerfulness and being 'sunny'; Kappatsu focuses on being 'busy' and 'energetic'.
陽気な人 (A cheerful person) vs 活発な子供 (A lively child).
Both can describe intense activity.
Hageshii is 'violent' or 'intense' (often extreme); Kappatsu is 'vigorous' but usually controlled or productive.
激しい雨 (Heavy/violent rain) vs 活発な雨雲 (Active rain clouds).
Both involve movement.
Kibin is 'agile' or 'quick-witted' (speed/efficiency); Kappatsu is 'active' (frequency/energy).
機敏な動き (Agile movement) vs 活発な動き (Active movement).
Padrões de frases
[Person] は 活発です。
田中さんは活発です。
活発な [Noun] が [Verb]。
活発な子供が走っています。
[Noun] が 活発に [Verb]。
市場が活発に動いています。
活発な [Abstract Noun] を行う。
活発な議論を行う。
[Noun] の活動が活発になる。
火山の活動が活発になる。
[Noun] を活発化させる。
経済を活発化させる。
活発な [Noun] を戦わせる。
活発な議論を戦わせる。
活発な [Scientific Term] が見られる。
活発な分子運動が見られる。
Família de palavras
Substantivos
Verbos
Adjetivos
Relacionado
Como usar
High in news and education; Medium in daily casual conversation.
-
活発の子供
→
活発な子供
Kappatsu is a na-adjective, so it must use 'na', not 'no'.
-
彼は活発だ元気です。
→
彼は活発で元気です。
To combine two adjectives, use the 'te' form (de) for na-adjectives.
-
活発な天気
→
雨の活動が活発な天気
You can't describe weather itself as 'kappatsu', only the activity within it.
-
活発な走る
→
活発に走る
Use 'ni' to modify a verb (adverbial form).
-
議論が活発した。
→
議論が活発化した。
To make 'kappatsu' a verb, you usually add 'ka' (kappatsuka suru) or use 'ni naru'.
Dicas
Na-Adjective Rule
Always remember to add 'na' when modifying a noun. 'Kappatsu kodomo' is wrong; 'Kappatsu na kodomo' is right.
Collocation King
If you only learn one phrase, learn '活発な議論' (kappatsu na giron). It is used everywhere from classrooms to TV news.
School Context
In Japan, being 'kappatsu' is a compliment for kids. It implies they are healthy, social, and engaged.
The Double P
The small 'tsu' (っ) before 'pa' is crucial. It's a tiny pause that builds energy for the 'pa' sound.
Geological Vigor
Use it for nature! Japan is a land of volcanoes, so 'kazan katsudou ga kappatsu' is a common phrase you'll hear.
Kanji Meaning
Think of 活 as 'water + tongue' (life/flow) and 発 as 'shooting an arrow' (emission).
Personality
Use 'kappatsu na seikaku' to describe someone who is the life of the party or a leader.
Professionalism
It sounds more professional than 'genki' in a meeting context.
Market News
When you hear 'shijou' (market) and 'kappatsu', it means the economy is moving.
Variation
Swap 'kappatsu' with 'katsudouteki' occasionally to sound more like a native speaker.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Imagine a 'CAP' (KAP) that 'PATS' (PATSU) a volcano to keep it 'ACTIVE'.
Associação visual
A bright red volcano erupting with 'life' particles or a child jumping with 'K' and 'P' shapes.
Word Web
Desafio
Try to describe three things in your room that are NOT 'kappatsu' and one thing that is.
Origem da palavra
Compound of Middle Chinese-derived kanji. 活 (Katsu) meaning 'alive' or 'moving water' and 発 (Hatsu) meaning 'to emit' or 'to start'.
Significado original: To emit life energy or to be in a state of flowing activity.
Sino-Japanese (Kango).Contexto cultural
Generally positive. No major sensitivities, but avoid using it to describe someone who is hyperactive in a medical sense; use medical terms instead.
Translates well to 'lively' or 'active', but 'vigorous' is better for professional or scientific contexts.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
School Report
- 活発な生徒
- 授業で活発に発言する
- 活発な性格
- 友達と活発に遊ぶ
Business Meeting
- 活発な議論
- 活発な意見交換
- 議論を活発にする
- 活発な発信
Weather/Science
- 火山活動が活発
- 雨雲が活発
- 前線が活発
- 太陽活動
Economy
- 活発な取引
- 市場が活発
- 投資活動
- 経済の活発化
Health/Biology
- 新陳代謝が活発
- 細胞分裂
- 脳の活動
- 活発な動き
Iniciadores de conversa
"あなたの子供時代は活発な方でしたか？ (Were you an active child?)"
"どうすれば会議で活発な議論ができますか？ (How can we have a lively discussion in meetings?)"
"最近、何か活発に活動していることはありますか？ (Is there anything you are actively doing lately?)"
"活発な性格の人と、静かな人のどちらが好きですか？ (Do you like lively people or quiet people better?)"
"この街で一番活発な場所はどこですか？ (Where is the most lively place in this city?)"
Temas para diário
今日、自分が活発に活動した瞬間について書いてください。 (Write about a moment today when you were active.)
「活発な議論」がなぜ大切だと思うか、理由を説明してください。 (Explain why you think 'lively discussion' is important.)
自分がもっと活発になりたい分野は何ですか？ (In what area do you want to become more active?)
活発な子供を育てるために必要なことは何だと思いますか？ (What do you think is necessary to raise an active child?)
最近の経済活動が活発だと感じるニュースはありますか？ (Is there any news where you feel recent economic activity is active?)
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasUsually, you would use 'isogashii' (busy) or 'katsudouteki' (active). 'Kappatsu' is better for describing their personality ('kappatsu na seikaku') or the state of the office ('kappatsu na shokuba').
Mostly yes, but it can be neutral. In weather (active rain clouds) or geology (active volcano), it's just a factual description of intensity.
'Kappatsu na' is an adjective used before nouns (lively child). 'Kappatsu ni' is an adverb used to describe verbs (playing actively).
No, you wouldn't describe the 'weather' as kappatsu. You would describe specific elements like 'rain clouds' (amagumo) or 'activity' (katsudou) within the weather.
Yes, it is a very polite and positive way to describe an active senior citizen ('Kappatsu na go-roujin').
It is written as 活発. 活 (life) and 発 (emit).
Usually 'nigiyaka' is better for a party's atmosphere. Use 'kappatsu' if you are talking about the 'exchange' or 'dancing' at the party.
Yes, to describe a lively game or the active movement of players.
No, that would sound like the volcano is a person. Use 'kappatsu' for a volcano.
The formal opposite is 'fukappatsu' (inactive). Casual opposites include 'otonashii' (quiet) or 'shizuka' (still).
Teste-se 180 perguntas
Write a sentence: 'The child is lively.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write: 'Lively discussion.'
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Translate: 'He has an active personality.'
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Write: 'Volcanic activity is active.'
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Write: 'Let's play actively.'
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Translate: 'Active exchange of opinions.'
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Write: 'The market is active.'
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Translate: 'The rain front is active.'
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Write: 'Active investment activity.'
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Translate: 'They are actively working.'
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Write: 'Active brain.'
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Translate: 'Became active.'
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Write: 'A lively atmosphere.'
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Translate: 'Vigorous debate.'
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Write: 'Active trade.'
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Translate: 'The sun is active.'
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Write: 'Active students.'
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Translate: 'Metabolism is active.'
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Write: 'A lively puppy.'
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Translate: 'Make the discussion lively.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Kappatsu na giron' (Lively discussion)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na kodomo' (Lively child)
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Say: 'Kappatsu ni asobu' (Play actively)
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Say: 'Kazan katsudou ga kappatsu' (Volcanic activity is active)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na seikaku' (Active personality)
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Say: 'Kappatsuka suru' (To become active)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na iken' (Active opinions)
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Say: 'Shijou ga kappatsu' (The market is active)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na kouryuu' (Active exchange)
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Say: 'Kappatsu ni katsudou suru' (To act vigorously)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na ugoki' (Active movement)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na hatsugen' (Active remarks)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na torihiki' (Active trade)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na shinchintaisha' (Active metabolism)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na souzouryoku' (Vivid imagination)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na giron wo tatakawaseru' (Engage in vigorous debate)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na gaikou koushou' (Vigorous diplomacy)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na chikaku hendou' (Vigorous tectonic activity)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na keizai junkan' (Active economic cycle)
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Say: 'Kappatsu na bunshi undou' (Vigorous molecular motion)
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Listen and identify: 活発な子供 (Kappatsu na kodomo)
Listen and identify: 活発な議論 (Kappatsu na giron)
Listen and identify: 火山が活発 (Kazan ga kappatsu)
Listen and identify: 活発に動く (Kappatsu ni ugoku)
Listen and identify: 活発な性格 (Kappatsu na seikaku)
Listen and identify: 活発化 (Kappatsuka)
Listen and identify: 活発な交流 (Kappatsu na kouryuu)
Listen and identify: 活発な取引 (Kappatsu na torihiki)
Listen and identify: 活発な新陳代謝 (Kappatsu na shinchintaisha)
Listen and identify: 活発な想像力 (Kappatsu na souzouryoku)
Listen and identify: 活発な議論を戦わせる (Kappatsu na giron wo tatakawaseru)
Listen and identify: 地殻変動が活発 (Chikaku hendou ga kappatsu)
Listen and identify: 活発な経済活動 (Kappatsu na keizai katsudou)
Listen and identify: 活発な創作活動 (Kappatsu na sousaku katsudou)
Listen and identify: 活発な意見交換 (Kappatsu na iken koukan)
彼は活発の生徒です。
活発な遊ぶ子供たち。
市場が活発した。
活発な元気な人。
活発な天気ですね。
Describe an 'active exchange of opinions' in Japanese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Describe 'becoming active' in Japanese.
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Summary
Use 活発な (kappatsu na) to describe a high level of energy and frequent activity in people, nature, or professional settings. Example: '活発な議論' (kappatsu na giron) means a lively, productive discussion.
- Kappatsu na means active or lively, describing both people and abstract systems like markets.
- It is a na-adjective, so it becomes 'kappatsu na' before nouns and 'kappatsu ni' as an adverb.
- Commonly used in professional settings for 'lively discussions' and in science for 'volcanic activity'.
- It differs from 'genki' by focusing on the outward movement rather than internal health or mood.
Na-Adjective Rule
Always remember to add 'na' when modifying a noun. 'Kappatsu kodomo' is wrong; 'Kappatsu na kodomo' is right.
Collocation King
If you only learn one phrase, learn '活発な議論' (kappatsu na giron). It is used everywhere from classrooms to TV news.
School Context
In Japan, being 'kappatsu' is a compliment for kids. It implies they are healthy, social, and engaged.
The Double P
The small 'tsu' (っ) before 'pa' is crucial. It's a tiny pause that builds energy for the 'pa' sound.
Exemplo
彼女はとても活発な子供だ。
Conteúdo relacionado
Mais palavras de family
還暦
B1Kanreki é a celebração tradicional japonesa do 60º aniversário.
〜くらい
B1Esta palavra significa 'aproximadamente' ou 'ao ponto de'. É usada para expressar uma aproximação ou um grau.
認め合う
B1Reconhecer-se mutuamente; admitir o valor um do outro.
知人
B1Acquaintance.
顔見知り
A2Alguém que você conhece de vista, mas não pessoalmente. Uma pessoa cujo rosto é familiar sem um relacionamento próximo.
甘える
B1Ser mimado, bajular; comportar-se como uma criança mimada confiando na bondade e indulgência de outros, muitas vezes em relacionamentos próximos.
思春期
B1A adolescência; o período de transição da infância para a idade adulta.
養子
B1Um filho adotivo que se torna legalmente parte de uma nova família.
養親
B2Pai ou mãe adotivo(a). Uma pessoa que legalmente se torna pai de uma criança que não é sua filha biológica.
可愛いらしい
B1Aquele gatinho é muito adorável (kawaiirashii).
