Esta página no seu idioma
English فارسی العربية Deutsch Español Français 日本語 한국어 中文 हिन्दी
B2 noun #2,500 mais comum 9 min de leitura

肯定

kotei
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 肯定 em 30 segundos
Explicação 肯定 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '肯定' (koutei) is a very advanced word. Beginners usually learn 'はい' (hai - yes) or 'いいです' (ii desu - it's good) to show agreement. You don't need to use '肯定' yet, but you might see it in very simple forms in textbooks when explaining 'affirmative sentences' (肯定文 - kouteibun) versus 'negative sentences' (否定文 - hiteibun). Think of it as the formal way to say 'Yes' in a grammar book. For now, just remember that '肯定' means 'the Yes side.' If you see a circle (〇) in a Japanese test, that is often a sign of '肯定' or being correct. You will mostly use simple verbs like 'tabemasu' (I eat) which is an affirmative form. Learning that Japanese has different forms for 'Yes' and 'No' is the first step toward understanding this word. Don't worry about using it in conversation yet; just recognize it as the 'Positive' label in your grammar exercises.
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa
At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more formal grammar. You will definitely see '肯定文' (kouteibun) in your Japanese lessons. This means 'affirmative sentence.' For example, 'I am a student' is a kouteibun. You are also learning to express your opinion. While you will mostly use '賛成です' (sansei desu - I agree), you might hear '肯定的な' (kouteiteki na) in simple descriptions of people. For example, 'He is a positive person' can be '彼は肯定的な人です' (though 'akarui' or 'positive' is more common). The key at A2 is to recognize the kanji. The first kanji 肯 looks a bit like the kanji for 'bone' (骨) or 'stomach' (胃), but it means 'agree.' The second kanji 定 is very common and means 'decide' (like in 'shitei' or 'yotei'). Knowing these kanji will help you when you see the word in newspapers or formal signs later on.
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa
At the B1 level, you are moving into intermediate Japanese. You should start to understand the difference between 'agreeing' (賛成) and 'affirming' (肯定). In B1, you might participate in simple discussions or write short essays. Using '肯定的な意見' (an affirmative opinion) makes your Japanese sound more mature. You will also encounter the word in psychological contexts, which are popular in Japanese media. The term '自己肯定感' (jiko kouteikan - self-esteem) is something you might see in magazines or social media posts about mental health. At this level, you should be able to use '肯定する' to describe someone accepting an idea. For example, 'The teacher affirmed the student's idea.' It's a great word to use when you want to sound more objective and less personal than just saying 'I like it' or 'I agree.'
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa
At the B2 level, '肯定' is a core vocabulary word. You are expected to use it in formal writing, debates, and professional settings. You should understand its logical function: that 肯定 is the opposite of 否定 (negation). In a B2 level essay, you might analyze two sides of an argument: 'Some people affirm the use of AI (AIの使用を肯定する), while others deny its benefits.' You should also be comfortable with the adjectival form '肯定的な' and the noun '肯定.' You'll use it to describe attitudes, responses, and logical propositions. For instance, '肯定的な回答を得る' (to receive an affirmative/positive answer). This level requires you to distinguish 肯定 from similar words like 承認 (approval) and 同意 (consent). You are now using the word to build complex, nuanced arguments and to understand formal news broadcasts or academic lectures where the word appears frequently.
At the C1 level, you use '肯定' with precision and nuance. You understand its philosophical implications, such as 'existential affirmation' (存在の肯定) or the 'affirmation of the status quo' (現状肯定). You can use it to discuss complex social issues, such as whether a society 'affirms' diversity. You are also aware of the word's role in formal logic and linguistics. In professional environments, you might use it to describe a company's stance: 'The board affirmed the strategic shift.' You can also use the word in its more abstract forms, such as '肯定の文化' (a culture of affirmation/positivity). At this level, you are expected to understand the subtle difference between '肯定' and '是認' (zenin - formal sanction/approval), using the latter in legal or highly official contexts. Your use of '肯定' helps you navigate high-level discourse in Japanese society, from academic journals to corporate boardrooms.
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa
At the C2 level, '肯定' is a tool for deep philosophical and linguistic analysis. You can discuss the 'ontology of affirmation' or the role of 'affirmative language' in shaping social reality. You understand the historical development of the term and its usage in classical or early modern literature. You can use '肯定' in a variety of registers, from the most abstract philosophical treatise to the most precise legal document. You might explore the concept of 'absolute affirmation' (絶対肯定) in religious or philosophical contexts. Your mastery of the word allows you to appreciate the finest nuances in literature, where an author might use '肯定' to signal a character's internal acceptance of their fate. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual building block that you use to engage with the highest levels of Japanese intellectual life.
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

肯定 em 30 segundos

  • 肯定 (koutei) means 'affirmation' or 'acknowledgment,' used to validate facts or ideas formally.
  • It is the direct antonym of 否定 (hitei - negation) and is common in academic debates.
  • In modern Japanese, it is famously part of '自己肯定感' (jiko kouteikan), meaning self-esteem.
  • While similar to 賛成 (sansei - agreement), 肯定 is more about objective truth than personal preference.

The Japanese term 肯定 (こうてい - koutei) is a sophisticated noun and suru-verb that fundamentally translates to 'affirmation,' 'acknowledgment,' or 'positive assertion.' At its core, it represents the act of recognizing something as true, valid, or existent. Unlike simple agreement (like 'sansei'), 肯定 carries a more formal, logical, or psychological weight. It is the opposite of negation (否定 - hitei). In the realm of logic and philosophy, it refers to a proposition that asserts a fact. In modern psychology, it is most famously used in the term 自己肯定感 (jiko kouteikan), which refers to self-esteem or the sense of self-worth. When you 'koutei' an idea, you are not just saying 'yes' to it; you are validating its premise and accepting its reality within a specific framework.

Logical Context
In formal logic, 肯定 refers to an affirmative judgment. For example, 'S is P' is a kouteiteki (affirmative) statement.
Social Context
It is used when a superior or an authority figure validates a proposal or a subordinate's opinion, signaling that the content is correct or acceptable.
Psychological Context
It involves accepting one's own traits or others' feelings without judgment, often used in counseling and self-help literature.

「彼の意見を全面的に肯定することはできないが、一理あるとは思う。」 (I cannot fully affirm his opinion, but I think he has a point.)

Historically, the kanji 肯 (kou) implies 'to permit' or 'to agree,' while 定 (tei) means 'to fix' or 'to decide.' Together, they form a word that suggests a 'fixed agreement' or a 'decisive permit.' This nuance is why the word is heavily used in academic debates, where the 'Affirmative Side' is called the 肯定側 (koutei-gawa). It is a word that demands clarity; there is no room for ambiguity when one performs a koutei. It is a binary state: either you affirm the truth of the matter, or you do not. In a world of nuances, 肯定 stands as a pillar of definitive acceptance.

「現状を肯定するだけでは、進歩は望めない。」 (Progress cannot be expected just by affirming the status quo.)

To understand 肯定 deeply, one must contrast it with 賛成 (sansei). While sansei is 'agreement' with a plan or opinion (often involving personal preference), 肯定 is the 'affirmation' of a fact or the validity of a statement. You might 'sansei' (agree) with a plan to go to the beach, but you 'koutei' (affirm) the statement that the beach is sandy. This distinction is crucial for B2 learners who are moving from conversational Japanese into more formal, analytical, and professional communication styles.

Using 肯定 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical versatility. It primarily functions as a noun, but by adding the auxiliary verb する (suru), it becomes a transitive verb. The object of affirmation is typically marked with the particle を (wo). In formal writing, it often appears in the form of an adjective, 肯定的な (koutei-teki na), meaning 'affirmative' or 'positive.'

Verb Usage
「相手の主張を肯定する」 (To affirm the opponent's claim). Here, it implies a formal acknowledgment of the claim's validity.
Adjectival Usage
「肯定的な返事」 (An affirmative reply). This is more formal than saying 'Yes' or 'OK'.
Compound Nouns
「自己肯定感」 (Self-affirmation/Self-esteem). This is perhaps the most common way you will see the word in daily life today.

「彼女は私の提案に対して肯定的な態度を示した。」 (She showed an affirmative attitude toward my proposal.)

In academic or debate settings, 肯定 is used to define roles. If you are on the 肯定側 (koutei-gawa), your job is to prove the resolution is true. This contrasts with the 否定側 (hitei-gawa), whose job is to disprove it. In this context, the word is stripped of emotion; it is purely functional. However, in interpersonal relationships, using the word 肯定 can imply a deep level of empathy. To 'affirm' someone's feelings (気持ちを肯定する) means to tell them that it is okay and valid to feel the way they do, which is a powerful tool in communication.

「過去の失敗を肯定的に捉えることが大切だ。」 (It is important to view past failures in an affirmative/positive light.)

Furthermore, 肯定 is often used in the passive voice in academic texts: 「〜と肯定されている」 (It is affirmed that...). This adds a layer of objective authority to the statement. As a B2 learner, you should practice switching between 肯定 (affirmation) and 否定 (negation) to describe logical structures in your writing. For instance, when writing an essay, you might say, 'While some affirm this theory (肯定する), others deny it (否定する).' This creates a balanced, professional tone.

You will encounter 肯定 in several distinct environments, ranging from the highly formal to the deeply personal. In the mass media and news, it frequently appears in reports about political leaders affirming or denying certain policies or rumors. For example, 'The Prime Minister affirmed the need for tax reform' (首相は税制改革の必要性を肯定した). In this context, it carries the weight of an official stance.

Business Meetings
When discussing project feasibility, a manager might say, 'We affirm the direction of this project' (このプロジェクトの方向性を肯定します).
Self-Help & Psychology
In podcasts or books about mental health, the term '自己肯定感' (jiko kouteikan) is ubiquitous. You'll hear advice on how to 'affirm yourself' (自分を肯定する).
Academic Debates
In university settings or high school debate clubs, the 'Affirmative Side' is always referred to as 'Koutei-gawa'.

「そのニュースは、政府によって公式に肯定された。」 (The news was officially affirmed by the government.)

In literature and philosophy, 肯定 is used to discuss the 'affirmation of life' (生の肯定 - sei no koutei), a concept often associated with Nietzschean philosophy (though translated into Japanese). It refers to saying 'yes' to life despite its suffering. This is a very high-level usage that you might find in serious novels or essays. On the other end of the spectrum, in legal contexts, a witness might be asked to 'affirm' a statement, though the word 証言 (shougen - testimony) is more common, 肯定 is used to describe the nature of the response (肯定的な証言).

「彼は質問に対して、ただ黙ってうなずき、肯定の意を示した。」 (He simply nodded to the question, showing his affirmation.)

In daily conversation, you might not use '肯定する' as much as '賛成する' or 'その通りです', but you will certainly hear it in discussions about personality. '彼は何でも肯定的に捉える人だ' (He is someone who takes everything positively/affirmatively). Understanding this word allows you to grasp the nuances of Japanese social dynamics, where 'affirming' someone else's position is often a key part of maintaining harmony (wa).

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 肯定 is confusing it with 賛成 (sansei). While they both involve a 'yes' response, their applications are different. 賛成 is 'agreement' with an opinion, plan, or proposal. 肯定 is the 'affirmation' of a fact, existence, or validity. For example, you wouldn't say 'I affirm (肯定) going to the movies.' You would say 'I agree (賛成) to going to the movies.' However, you would 'affirm' (肯定) that the movie was interesting.

Mistake 1: Misusing with 'Sansei'
Don't use 肯定 for simple social agreements. Use it for logical or existential validation.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Koutei' (Process)
The word 工程 (koutei) sounds exactly the same but means 'process' or 'manufacturing stage.' Context is key!
Mistake 3: Over-reliance in casual speech
肯定 is quite formal. Using it in a casual chat with friends might make you sound like a textbook or a philosopher.

❌ 「明日のパーティーに行くことを肯定します。」 (Incorrect: I affirm going to tomorrow's party.)
✅ 「明日のパーティーに行くことに賛成します。」 (Correct: I agree to go to tomorrow's party.)

Another mistake is the confusion between 肯定 (koutei) and 校庭 (koutei), which means 'schoolyard.' While the pitch accent might differ slightly depending on the dialect, in rapid speech, they can sound identical. Always look at the surrounding words. If someone is talking about 'running' or 'playing,' they mean the schoolyard. If they are talking about 'logic' or 'opinions,' they mean affirmation.

❌ 「彼の性格を肯定する。」 (This sounds like you are validating his existence.)
✅ 「彼の性格を肯定的に評価する。」 (This means you evaluate his personality positively.)

Finally, be careful with the word 自己肯定感 (jiko kouteikan). Learners sometimes say '自己肯定' when they mean the 'feeling' of self-affirmation. In Japanese, the 'kan' (sense/feeling) at the end is almost always necessary when discussing self-esteem. Saying 'I have high self-affirmation' (自己肯定が高い) is grammatically awkward; it should be 'I have a high sense of self-affirmation' (自己肯定感が高い).

Understanding 肯定 becomes easier when you compare it to its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific nuance that makes it suitable for different contexts. The most direct antonym is 否定 (hitei), meaning negation or denial. In any logical pair, if it's not koutei, it's hitei.

賛成 (Sansei)
Agreement. Used for plans, opinions, and proposals. It's more about personal alignment than objective truth.
承認 (Shounin)
Approval or Recognition. Often used in business (e.g., getting a manager's approval) or international law (recognizing a country).
是認 (Zenin)
Approval or Sanction. A very formal word, often used in legal or highly official contexts to say something is 'right' or 'permissible.'
同意 (Doui)
Consent or Agreement. Used when two parties come to the same conclusion or when giving legal consent.

「政府はその計画を承認したが、内容を全面的に肯定したわけではない。」 (The government approved the plan, but it didn't necessarily affirm all the contents.)

Another interesting comparison is with 認める (mitomeru). Mitomeru is a broad verb meaning 'to recognize,' 'to admit,' or 'to approve.' While 肯定 is a formal noun/verb, mitomeru is more versatile and common in daily speech. You 'mitomeru' (admit) a mistake, but you 'koutei' (affirm) a philosophical truth. Mitomeru can also mean to physically see and recognize someone's effort.

「事実を認めることと、それを肯定することは別問題だ。」 (Admitting a fact and affirming it [as good/valid] are two different issues.)

Lastly, consider ポジティブ (Positive). While 'kouteiteki' and 'positive' are often used interchangeably in modern Japanese (especially regarding personality), 'positive' is a loanword that carries a more energetic, upbeat vibe. 肯定的な (kouteiteki na) is more intellectual and grounded. If someone is 'positive,' they are cheerful. If someone is 'kouteiteki,' they are constructive and validating in their thinking process.

How Formal Is It?

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5
Expressão oral 3/5

Gramática essencial

Suru-verbs

Na-adjectives

Passive voice (〜される)

Contrastive particles (〜は...、〜は...)

Compound nouns

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

1

これは肯定文です。

This is an affirmative sentence.

肯定文 (kouteibun) = affirmative sentence.

2

はい、そうです。

Yes, that's right. (A simple form of affirmation)

Simple 'yes' is the basis of affirmation.

3

正しい答えに〇をつけます。

Mark the correct answer with a circle. (Circle represents affirmation)

〇 (maru) is a symbol of affirmation.

4

彼は「はい」と言いました。

He said 'yes'.

Direct speech showing agreement.

5

いいえ、違います。

No, that's wrong. (The opposite of affirmation)

The opposite of 肯定 is 否定.

6

これは正しいです。

This is correct.

Recognizing truth is the start of koutei.

7

お父さんは「いいよ」と言った。

Dad said 'okay'.

Casual affirmation.

8

田中さんは来ます。

Mr. Tanaka is coming. (Affirmative form)

The verb 'kimasu' is in the affirmative form.

1

先生は私の答えを肯定した。

The teacher affirmed my answer.

肯定する (koutei suru) = to affirm.

2

肯定的な返事をもらいました。

I received an affirmative reply.

肯定的な (kouteiteki na) = affirmative.

3

彼はいつも肯定的に考えます。

He always thinks positively.

肯定的に (kouteiteki ni) = positively/affirmatively.

4

この文を否定文に変えてください。

Please change this sentence into a negative sentence.

Contrast between 肯定 and 否定.

5

彼女は私の意見を肯定してくれた。

She affirmed/agreed with my opinion.

Using koutei for personal validation.

6

テストで肯定文を作る練習をしました。

I practiced making affirmative sentences for the test.

Common academic use.

7

質問に対して、肯定の返事をした。

I gave an affirmative answer to the question.

肯定の (koutei no) = of affirmation.

8

彼は私の計画を肯定的に捉えた。

He viewed my plan affirmatively.

捉える (toraeru) = to perceive/view.

1

最近、自己肯定感が低い人が増えている。

Recently, the number of people with low self-esteem is increasing.

自己肯定感 (jiko kouteikan) = self-esteem.

2

彼の提案は全面的に肯定された。

His proposal was fully affirmed.

全面的に (zenmenteki ni) = fully/completely.

3

相手の意見を肯定してから、自分の意見を言う。

Affirm the other person's opinion before stating your own.

A common communication strategy.

4

そのニュースが本当だと肯定する証拠はない。

There is no evidence to affirm that the news is true.

Using koutei in a logical/evidential context.

5

彼女は肯定的な態度で会議に臨んだ。

She approached the meeting with an affirmative attitude.

臨む (nozomu) = to face/approach.

6

自分の長所を肯定することが大切です。

It is important to affirm your own strengths.

Self-acceptance context.

7

政府はその事実を公式に肯定した。

The government officially affirmed that fact.

Official/formal usage.

8

肯定的な評価を受けて、自信がついた。

I gained confidence after receiving a positive evaluation.

評価 (hyouka) = evaluation.

1

ディベートで肯定側の第一反駁を担当する。

I will handle the first rebuttal for the affirmative side in the debate.

肯定側 (koutei-gawa) = affirmative side.

2

現状を肯定するだけでは、社会は変わらない。

Society won't change just by affirming the status quo.

現状肯定 (genjou koutei) = affirming the status quo.

3

彼の理論は多くの学者によって肯定されている。

His theory is affirmed by many scholars.

Passive voice: 肯定されている.

4

肯定的なニュアンスが含まれている表現だ。

It is an expression that contains an affirmative nuance.

ニュアンス (nuance) = nuance.

5

自己肯定感を高めるためのワークショップに参加した。

I participated in a workshop to increase self-esteem.

高める (takameru) = to raise/increase.

6

その仮説を肯定するためには、さらなる実験が必要だ。

Further experiments are needed to affirm that hypothesis.

仮説 (kasetsu) = hypothesis.

7

彼は沈黙をもって、その疑惑を肯定した。

He affirmed the suspicion with his silence.

Affirmation through non-verbal cues.

8

肯定的なフィードバックは、社員のやる気を引き出す。

Positive feedback brings out the motivation of employees.

やる気を引き出す = to motivate.

1

ニーチェの哲学における「生の肯定」について論じる。

Discuss the 'affirmation of life' in Nietzsche's philosophy.

生の肯定 (sei no koutei) = affirmation of life.

2

その判決は、原告の主張を全面的に肯定するものだった。

The verdict was one that fully affirmed the plaintiff's claim.

Legal context: 原告 (plaintiff).

3

多様性を肯定する社会の構築が急務である。

Constructing a society that affirms diversity is an urgent task.

急務 (kyuumu) = urgent task.

4

彼は自らの運命を肯定し、力強く生き抜いた。

He affirmed his own destiny and lived through it strongly.

Existential affirmation.

5

その論文は、既存の学説を肯定しつつも、新たな視点を提示している。

While affirming existing theories, the paper presents a new perspective.

〜しつつも = while doing...

6

自己肯定感の欠如が、対人関係に悪影響を及ぼすことがある。

A lack of self-esteem can sometimes have a negative impact on interpersonal relationships.

欠如 (kejo) = lack/deficiency.

7

彼は、どのような逆境にあっても、生を肯定し続けた。

No matter what adversity he faced, he continued to affirm life.

逆境 (gyakkyou) = adversity.

8

その芸術作品は、人間の根源的な欲望を肯定している。

That artwork affirms fundamental human desires.

根源的 (kongenteki) = fundamental/root.

1

存在論的な肯定は、虚無主義への強力な対抗手段となる。

Ontological affirmation serves as a powerful countermeasure against nihilism.

存在論的 (sonzaironteki) = ontological.

2

言語学において、肯定極性項目（API）の振る舞いを分析する。

In linguistics, analyze the behavior of Affirmative Polarity Items (API).

Technical linguistic term.

3

彼は絶対肯定の境地に達し、万物への愛を説いた。

He reached a state of absolute affirmation and preached love for all things.

絶対肯定 (zettai koutei) = absolute affirmation.

4

その思想は、伝統的な価値観を肯定的に再解釈しようとする試みだ。

That thought is an attempt to affirmatively reinterpret traditional values.

再解釈 (saikaishaku) = reinterpretation.

5

自己肯定という概念を、単なる自己満足と混同してはならない。

One must not confuse the concept of self-affirmation with mere self-satisfaction.

混同する (kondou suru) = to confuse/mix up.

6

歴史の必然性を肯定する歴史観は、しばしば批判の対象となる。

A view of history that affirms historical necessity is often a target of criticism.

歴史観 (rekishikan) = view of history.

7

彼は他者の他者性を肯定することによって、真の対話を可能にした。

By affirming the 'otherness' of others, he made true dialogue possible.

Philosophical concept of 'otherness'.

8

文学における「否定の肯定」という逆説的な表現を考察する。

Examine the paradoxical expression 'affirmation of negation' in literature.

逆説的 (gyakusetsuteki) = paradoxical.

Antônimos

否定 否認

Colocações comuns

全面的に肯定する (Fully affirm)
肯定的な態度 (Affirmative attitude)
肯定的な返事 (Affirmative reply)
自己肯定感を高める (Raise self-esteem)
現状を肯定する (Affirm the status quo)
存在を肯定する (Affirm existence)
事実を肯定する (Affirm the facts)
肯定側と否定側 (Affirmative and negative sides)
強く肯定する (Strongly affirm)
肯定的に捉える (View affirmatively)

Frases Comuns

自己肯定感が高い (High self-esteem)
肯定文 (Affirmative sentence)
肯定的な意見 (Affirmative opinion)
全面的肯定 (Total affirmation)
肯定の意を示す (Show signs of affirmation)
生の肯定 (Affirmation of life)
価値の肯定 (Affirmation of value)
過去を肯定する (Affirm the past)
自分を肯定する (Affirm oneself)
肯定的なフィードバック (Positive feedback)

Frequentemente confundido com

肯定 vs 賛成 (Sansei)

Sansei is personal agreement; Koutei is logical/existential affirmation.

肯定 vs 工程 (Koutei)

Homophone meaning 'process' or 'work stages'.

肯定 vs 校庭 (Koutei)

Homophone meaning 'schoolyard'.

Expressões idiomáticas

"二重否定は強い肯定 (A double negative is a strong affirmative)"
"沈黙は肯定の印 (Silence is a sign of affirmation/consent)"
"現状肯定主義 (Status quo bias/philosophy)"
"自己肯定の罠 (The trap of self-affirmation)"
"全肯定 (Total/Absolute affirmation)"
"無条件の肯定 (Unconditional affirmation)"
"論理的肯定 (Logical affirmation)"
"存在の根源的肯定 (Fundamental affirmation of existence)"
"否定の肯定 (Affirmation of negation - dialectical concept)"
"肯定のパラドックス (The paradox of affirmation)"

Fácil de confundir

肯定 vs

肯定 vs

肯定 vs

肯定 vs

肯定 vs

Padrões de frases

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

logical binary

Often paired with 否定 (hitei) to show a binary choice.

modern psychology

The term 'self-affirmation' is a very popular topic in Japan right now.

formal vs informal

肯定 is strictly formal. Use 賛成 or 認める in casual settings.

Erros comuns

Dicas

Use in Essays

When writing an academic paper, use '肯定する' to describe researchers who support a theory. It sounds much more professional than '賛成する'.

Self-Affirmation

Learn the phrase '自己肯定感を高める' (to raise self-esteem). It is a very common topic in Japanese media and conversation.

Adjective Form

Remember to use '肯定的な' with a 'na' when modifying a noun, like '肯定的な意見' (an affirmative opinion).

Context Clues

If you hear 'koutei' in a business meeting, look for words like 'plan' or 'proposal' to know if they mean 'affirmation' or 'process' (工程).

Softening Affirmation

Instead of just saying 'I affirm,' say '肯定的に捉えています' (I am viewing it affirmatively) to sound more nuanced.

Antonym Pair

Always learn 肯定 (koutei) and 否定 (hitei) together as a pair. They are the 'plus' and 'minus' of Japanese logic.

Formal Replies

In formal letters, '肯定的な回答' (an affirmative answer) is the standard way to say someone said 'Yes' to a request.

Harmony

Affirming others (他者肯定) is considered a virtue in Japanese communication to maintain social harmony.

Visualizing Kanji

The kanji 肯 has 'moon/flesh' at the bottom. Think of affirming someone's 'flesh and blood' (their whole being).

Philosophy

For C1/C2 levels, explore the concept of '生の肯定' (affirmation of life) in Japanese translations of Western philosophy.

Memorize

Origem da palavra

Contexto cultural

Affirming someone's effort (mitomeru/koutei) is a key part of Japanese leadership.

Japanese debate clubs use 'Koutei' and 'Hitei' strictly.

The term 'Jiko Kouteikan' has become a buzzword in Japanese parenting and business in the last decade.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"「自己肯定感を高めるために、何かしていることはありますか？」 (Do you do anything to raise your self-esteem?)"

"「最近のニュースについて、肯定的な意見を持っていますか？」 (Do you have an affirmative/positive opinion about recent news?)"

"「彼の提案を肯定的に捉えますか、それとも否定的に捉えますか？」 (Do you view his proposal affirmatively or negatively?)"

"「日本の教育は、子供の個性を肯定していると思いますか？」 (Do you think Japanese education affirms children's individuality?)"

"「自分の過去の失敗を肯定するのは難しいことですよね？」 (It's hard to affirm your past failures, isn't it?)"

Temas para diário

今日、自分自身を肯定できたことを３つ書いてください。 (Write three things you were able to affirm about yourself today.)

あなたが全面的に肯定できる他人の意見は何ですか？ (What is an opinion of someone else that you can fully affirm?)

「現状肯定」のメリットとデメリットについて考えてみましょう。 (Think about the pros and cons of 'affirming the status quo'.)

自己肯定感が低いと感じる時、どう対処しますか？ (How do you cope when you feel your self-esteem is low?)

他人の短所を肯定的に捉えることは可能でしょうか？ (Is it possible to view others' weaknesses affirmatively?)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Yes, but mostly in the context of 'self-esteem' (自己肯定感) or when discussing opinions formally. You won't hear it when someone asks 'Do you want coffee?'

肯定 is affirming truth or validity. 承認 is giving official approval or recognition to something, like a document or a country.

Yes, '肯定的な人' (a positive person) is used, but 'ポジティブな人' or '前向きな人' is more common in casual conversation.

The most common term is '自己肯定感' (jiko kouteikan).

Yes, it can be used as '肯定する'.

The opposite is 否定 (hitei), which means negation or denial.

Yes, '肯定文' refers to the 'Yes' form of a sentence.

Yes, it is a formal word (kango) and is suitable for business and academic writing.

It means to 'fully' or 'completely' affirm something without any reservations.

The 'Affirmative Side' is called '肯定側' (koutei-gawa).

Cadastre-se grátis para ver dicas e notas

Teste-se 180 perguntas

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

Cadastre-se grátis para praticar

Conteúdo relacionado

Esta palavra em outros idiomas

肯定 Chinês
Foi útil?

Comentários (0)

Faça Login para Comentar
Nenhum comentário ainda. Seja o primeiro a compartilhar suas ideias!