When you want to say “to break,” “to crush,” or “to smash” in Japanese, the verb you use is 砕く (くだく - kudaku).
This verb is handy for talking about breaking things into smaller pieces. Think about crushing ice, smashing a rock, or breaking a cookie.
It's often used when something solid is made into smaller fragments. For example, if you 砕く ice, you get crushed ice.
So, remember 砕く for breaking solid objects!
When you want to say “to break,” “to crush,” or “to smash” in Japanese, the verb you’re looking for is 砕く (kudaku).
Think about things like breaking a stone into smaller pieces, crushing ice, or smashing a window. This verb covers those actions.
It’s a really useful word to know for describing actions where something solid is made into smaller or damaged parts. You'll hear it often in daily conversation.
When you encounter the verb 「砕く」(kudaku), it generally means to break, crush, or smash something into smaller pieces. It's often used for solid objects.
For example, if you're breaking ice, you would use 「氷を砕く」(kōri o kudaku).
You might also hear it in a more metaphorical sense, like 「夢を砕く」(yume o kudaku), which means to crush someone's dreams.
This verb is quite common and useful for describing actions involving breaking things down.
When you want to express the action of breaking something into smaller pieces, 砕く (kudaku) is a useful verb. It can be used for various objects, from physical items like rocks or ice to more abstract concepts like breaking a stalemate or even one's spirit.
For example, you might 氷を砕く (kori o kudaku) to make crushed ice for a drink, or 岩を砕く (iwa o kudaku) if you're talking about breaking rocks in a quarry. It often implies a more forceful or complete breaking than just snapping something in two.
When you want to express the action of breaking something into smaller pieces, 砕く (kudaku) is a useful verb. It can be used for both physical objects and more abstract concepts.
For example, if you want to say “to break a rock,” you would use 「石を砕く」(ishi o kudaku). It also carries the nuance of crushing or smashing something, like 「氷を砕く」(kōri o kudaku), meaning “to crush ice.”
Beyond the literal sense, 砕く can also be used figuratively. You might hear it in phrases like 「問題を砕く」(mondai o kudaku), which means “to break down a problem” or “to simplify a problem.” This highlights its versatility beyond just physical destruction.
Understanding this verb helps you describe actions involving reduction to smaller components, whether tangible or conceptual.
When you encounter the verb “砕く” (kudaku), it means to break, crush, or smash something into pieces. It's often used for solid objects. For example, you might “砕く” ice into smaller pieces for a drink, or “砕く” nuts to use in cooking. This verb implies a more forceful action than simply bending or snapping, resulting in fragmentation.
砕く em 30 segundos
- break
- crush
- smash
§ What '砕く' means
- DEFINITION
- To break, to crush, to smash. It implies reducing something into smaller pieces, often with force.
The Japanese verb 砕く (kudaku) is a versatile verb you'll encounter in many situations. At its core, it means to break something down into smaller parts. Think of it as taking something whole and turning it into fragments, powder, or many little pieces. It's more about the act of disintegration rather than just separating something into two halves.
You might use 砕く when talking about physical objects. For example, breaking ice, crushing nuts, or smashing rocks. It often suggests a more thorough destruction than simply breaking something in half. Imagine the difference between breaking a plate (which might just crack) and smashing it into a hundred tiny pieces – the latter is closer to what 砕く implies.
§ When to use '砕く'
Beyond physical actions, 砕く also has figurative uses. This is where it gets interesting and shows up in more nuanced conversations. You can use it to describe breaking down abstract concepts, difficulties, or even social barriers. This makes it a really useful word to know for more advanced Japanese.
Here are some common scenarios where people use 砕く:
- Physical destruction: This is the most straightforward use. Think about reducing a solid object to fragments.
- Breaking ice (socially): To 'break the ice' in a social situation, meaning to ease tension and make people more comfortable.
- Crushing hopes/dreams: Sadly, 砕く can also be used to express the shattering of non-physical things, like someone's hopes or dreams.
- Simplifying complex ideas: When you 'break down' a complicated topic into easier-to-understand parts, you can use 砕く.
§ Examples of '砕く' in action
氷を砕く。 (Kōri o kudaku.)
- HINT
- To break ice.
彼の夢を砕いた。 (Kare no yume o kuda ita.)
- HINT
- I crushed his dreams.
難しい概念を砕いて説明する。 (Muzukashii gainen o kudaite setsumei suru.)
- HINT
- To explain a difficult concept in simpler terms (breaking it down).
Understanding these different applications will help you use 砕く more naturally in your Japanese conversations and writing. It's a word that adds a layer of nuance, allowing you to describe actions and situations with greater precision.
Keep an eye out for 砕く in Japanese media, and you'll start to see it pop up in various contexts, from cooking shows (crushing garlic!) to news reports about complex political issues being 'broken down' for the public. The more you expose yourself to it, the more ingrained its meaning and usage will become.
§ Where you actually hear this word – work, school, news
You've learned the basic meaning of 砕く (kudaku). Now, let's look at how it's used in real-world situations. This isn't just a textbook word; you'll hear it in many contexts, from work and school to everyday news.
The key is to remember its core meaning of 'breaking something down,' whether physically or conceptually. This verb often implies taking something larger or more complex and reducing it to smaller, simpler parts.
§ In Professional Settings (Work)
In a work environment, 砕く can be used quite literally, like when dealing with materials or objects. But it also appears in more abstract senses, especially when talking about ideas or problems.
- Definition
- To break down a complex problem or idea into simpler parts for understanding or solution.
この難しい問題を砕いて説明してください。(Please break down and explain this difficult problem.)
顧客の意見を砕いて、改善策を考えましょう。(Let's break down customer feedback and think about improvement measures.)
In these examples, 砕く doesn't mean physical destruction. Instead, it refers to intellectual work: simplifying something complex so it's easier to handle or understand. This is a very common usage in business and academic settings.
§ In Educational Contexts (School)
Teachers and students often use 砕く when talking about learning and explaining difficult concepts. It's about making information digestible.
- Definition
- To simplify an explanation or concept for easier understanding by others.
先生が難しい文法を砕いて教えてくれた。(The teacher broke down and taught the difficult grammar.)
私はもっと簡単に砕いて説明するべきだった。(I should have explained it in simpler terms.)
§ In News and Everyday Life
In news reports, you might hear 砕く used in both its literal and figurative senses. For example, reports on natural disasters might describe things being physically crushed.
- Definition
- To physically break or crush something; also, to metaphorically break through a barrier or overcome a difficulty.
地震で壁が砕けた。(The wall was crushed by the earthquake.)
彼はプレッシャーを砕いて、見事なゴールを決めた。(He broke through the pressure and scored a brilliant goal.)
The last example uses 砕く figuratively, meaning to 'overcome' or 'break through' a barrier, like pressure. This shows its versatility.
- Physical crushing: 氷を砕く (kōri o kudaku - to crush ice)
- Figurative breaking: 夢を砕く (yume o kudaku - to crush a dream, to dash hopes)
As you can see, 砕く is a useful verb that goes beyond just its literal meaning. Pay attention to the context, and you'll quickly get a feel for how it's being used.
Alright, let's talk about 砕く (kudaku). It means to break, crush, or smash. Pretty straightforward, right? Well, not always. There are a few common pitfalls English speakers fall into when using this word. Let's make sure you don't make them.
§ Mistake 1: Using 砕く for 'breaking' things that don't shatter or crumble.
This is a big one. While 砕く means 'to break,' it specifically implies breaking something into smaller pieces, pulverizing it, or causing it to shatter. Think about breaking a rock, crushing ice, or smashing glass. It's about reducing something to fragments.
For example, you wouldn't use 砕く if you're breaking a stick in half. You'd use 折る (oru). If you're breaking a record, you'd use 破る (yaburu). If you're breaking a promise, you'd use 破る (yaburu) or 違反する (ihansuru).
- Wrong
- 棒を砕く (Bō o kudaku) - Breaking a stick (implying pulverizing it, not just snapping).
- Right
- 棒を折る (Bō o oru) - Breaking a stick (snapping it).
Here are some correct uses:
氷を砕く。(Kōri o kudaku.)
Hint: Crush the ice.
石を細かく砕く。(Ishi o komakaku kudaku.)
Hint: Break the stone into small pieces.
§ Mistake 2: Not understanding its figurative uses.
Like many Japanese verbs, 砕く has figurative meanings. You can 'break' abstract things too, but again, it still carries that sense of reducing something complex into something simpler or overcoming something difficult.
- 心を砕く (kokoro o kudaku): This means to rack one's brains, to go to great pains, or to make a great effort. You're 'crushing' your heart (metaphorically) with worry or effort.
彼は子供のために心を砕いた。(Kare wa kodomo no tame ni kokoro o kudaida.)
Hint: He went to great lengths for his child.
- 難しい話を砕く (muzukashii hanashi o kudaku): This means to simplify a difficult story or explanation. You're 'breaking down' the complexity.
先生は難しい概念を砕いて説明してくれた。(Sensei wa muzukashii gainen o kudaite setsumei shite kureta.)
Hint: The teacher explained the difficult concept in a simplified way.
§ Mistake 3: Confusing it with similar-sounding or related verbs.
Japanese has a lot of verbs that seem similar but have distinct nuances. Don't mix up 砕く with these:
- 壊す (kowasu): This is a more general verb for 'to break' or 'to destroy.' It can be used for a wider range of objects and situations, where the item might be broken but not necessarily into fragments. Think breaking a toy or destroying a building.
- 壊す Example
- おもちゃを壊した。(Omocha o kowashita.) - I broke the toy.
- 割る (waru): This specifically means 'to split,' 'to divide,' or 'to crack.' It often implies breaking something into two or a few large pieces, like cracking an egg or splitting wood.
- 割る Example
- 卵を割る。(Tamago o waru.) - Crack an egg.
The key takeaway for 砕く is the emphasis on reducing something to smaller, often numerous, pieces or fragments. If it shatters, crumbles, or gets pulverized, 砕く is probably your word. Otherwise, consider 壊す (general breaking) or 割る (splitting/cracking).
Keep practicing these distinctions, and you'll be using 砕く like a pro in no time!
§ 砕く (Kudaku) vs. Other 'Break' Verbs
When you're learning Japanese, you'll notice there are often several words that seem to mean the same thing in English. 砕く (kudaku) is one of those words that can be tricky because there are other verbs like 壊す (kowasu), 割る (waru), and 折る (oru) that also translate to 'break'. Let's break down (pun intended!) when to use 砕く and how it differs from its alternatives.
§ When to use 砕く (Kudaku)
- Definition
- To break into small pieces, to crush, to smash, to shatter. It often implies reducing something solid into a powder, fragments, or a pulp.
You'll use 砕く when the action involves transforming a solid object into many smaller, often irregular, pieces. It's about a complete breakdown of the item's structure.
冰を砕く (Kōri o kudaku).
Hint: To crush ice.
がんそくを砕く (Gansoku o kudaku).
Hint: To crush rock.
§ Alternatives to 砕く (Kudaku)
Here are some common alternatives and their nuances:
- 壊す (Kowasu): This is a general verb for 'to break' or 'to destroy'. It implies making something non-functional or unusable. It doesn't necessarily mean breaking into small pieces. You can break a machine, a toy, or a plan with 壊す. It's often about rendering something inoperative.
パソコンを壊す (Pasokon o kowasu).
Hint: To break a computer.
- 割る (Waru): This means 'to break' or 'to divide' something into two or more pieces, often with a clean break or a split. Think of breaking a plate, a glass, or a piece of wood. It suggests a clear separation, not necessarily a pulverization.
玻璃を割る (Garasu o waru).
Hint: To break glass.
- 折る (Oru): This means 'to break' or 'to fold', specifically implying breaking something long and thin, like a stick, a branch, or a bone. It's about snapping something in two along its length. It also commonly means 'to fold'.
枝を折る (Eda o oru).
Hint: To break a branch.
§ Key Differences in Summary
- Summary
- 砕く (Kudaku): Break into small pieces, crush, smash. Think pulverization.
- 壊す (Kowasu): Break, destroy, make non-functional. General breakage.
- 割る (Waru): Break or split into pieces, often two. Clean breaks.
- 折る (Oru): Break (something long and thin) or fold. Snapping action.
By paying attention to the specific type of 'breaking' action, you can choose the right Japanese verb. 砕く is your go-to when something is being thoroughly reduced to fragments or powder. Keep practicing with examples, and these distinctions will become natural!
How Formal Is It?
"敵の抵抗を粉砕する。(To crush the enemy's resistance.)"
"氷を砕く。(To crush ice.)"
"おもちゃをぶっ壊した。(I broke the toy.)"
"おもちゃをこわしちゃった。(I broke my toy.)"
"計画をぶち壊す。(To ruin the plan.)"
Curiosidade
砕く (kudaku) is often used metaphorically, such as 'to break down a difficult problem' (問題を砕く).
Guia de pronúncia
- Pronouncing the 'u' too long in 'ku'. It's a short, crisp 'u' sound.
- Not distinguishing between 'da' and 'ta'. 'Da' is voiced.
Nível de dificuldade
short
short
short
short
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Gramática essencial
Transitive Verb: 砕く (kudaku) is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object. The particle を (o) is used to mark the direct object.
石を砕く。(Ishi o kudaku.) - To break a stone.
Intransitive Counterpart: The intransitive counterpart is 砕ける (kudakeru), meaning to break, to be crushed. No direct object is needed.
ガラスが砕けた。(Garasu ga kudaketa.) - The glass broke.
Te-form for Consecutive Actions: Use the Te-form (砕いて - kudaite) to connect actions or states sequentially.
氷を砕いてジュースに入れた。(Kōri o kudaite jūsu ni ireta.) - I crushed the ice and put it in the juice.
Potential Form: The potential form is 砕ける (kudakeru), meaning to be able to break or crush (often used when describing something that can be broken).
この石は簡単に砕ける。(Kono ishi wa kantan ni kudakeru.) - This stone can be easily broken.
Passive Form: The passive form is 砕かれる (kudakareru), meaning to be broken or crushed by someone/something.
窓ガラスがボールで砕かれた。(Mado garasu ga bōru de kudakareru.) - The window glass was broken by a ball.
Exemplos por nível
氷を砕く。
Crush the ice.
石を砕く。
Break the stone.
殻を砕く。
Smash the shell.
木を砕く。
Break the wood.
クッキーを砕く。
Crush the cookies.
ガラスを砕く。
Break the glass.
壁を砕く。
Break the wall.
記録を砕く。
Break a record.
氷を砕いて飲み物に入れましょう。
Let's crush the ice and put it in a drink.
彼は大きな岩を砕く力を持っています。
He has the strength to break big rocks.
夢が砕け散る音を聞いた。
I heard the sound of dreams shattering.
そのニュースは私の心を砕いた。
That news broke my heart.
固い殻を砕いて中身を取り出す。
Break the hard shell to get out the contents.
話の核心を砕いて説明する。
Explain the core of the story simply.
冗談を言って場の雰囲気を砕いた。
He told a joke to break the ice (the atmosphere).
彼女の笑顔は私の不安を砕いた。
Her smile crushed my worries.
氷を砕いて冷たい飲み物を作った。
I crushed ice to make a cold drink.
夢を砕かれたが、諦めなかった。
My dreams were crushed, but I didn't give up.
岩を砕くのは大変な作業だ。
Breaking rocks is hard work.
そのニュースは彼の心を砕いた。
That news broke his heart.
固い殻を砕いて中身を取り出した。
I broke the hard shell to get the contents out.
彼はその壁を砕いて新しい道を開いた。
He broke down that wall and opened a new path.
敵の抵抗を砕き、前進した。
We crushed the enemy's resistance and advanced.
ガラスのコップを落として砕いてしまった。
I dropped a glass and broke it.
その氷を砕いて、飲み物に入れましょう。
Let's break that ice and put it in the drink.
砕く (kudaku) is the verb, referring to breaking something hard into smaller pieces.
彼は固い木材を簡単に砕いた。
He easily crushed the hard wood.
簡単に砕いた (kantan ni kuda ita) shows the past tense and the ease of the action.
この機械は岩石を砕くことができます。
This machine can crush rocks.
砕くことができます (kudaku koto ga dekimasu) indicates ability.
彼女は怒りで花瓶を砕いた。
She smashed the vase in anger.
怒りで砕いた (ikari de kuda ita) shows the reason for the action.
彼の夢は一瞬にして砕かれてしまった。
His dream was shattered in an instant.
砕かれてしまった (kudakarete shimatta) is the passive form, implying a regrettable outcome.
この砂利はさらに細かく砕く必要がある。
This gravel needs to be crushed even finer.
砕く必要がある (kudaku hitsuyou ga aru) means 'there is a need to crush'.
彼は私の期待を裏切り、見事に砕いた。
He betrayed my expectations and brilliantly crushed them.
期待を砕く (kitai o kudaku) is an idiomatic expression meaning to shatter expectations.
そのニュースは彼女の心を打ち砕いた。
That news broke her heart.
心を打ち砕く (kokoro o uchikudaku) is a strong expression for breaking someone's heart.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
硬いものを砕くのは大変だ。
It's hard to break hard things.
彼女の言葉が私の心を砕いた。
Her words broke my heart.
氷を砕いて飲み物に入れる。
Crush ice and put it in a drink.
夢が砕け散った。
My dream was shattered.
彼は敵の計画を砕いた。
He crushed the enemy's plan.
難しい話を砕いて説明してくれた。
He explained the difficult story in simple terms.
岩を砕いて道を作った。
We broke rocks to make a road.
そのニュースは彼の希望を砕いた。
That news crushed his hopes.
殻を砕いて中身を取り出した。
I broke the shell and took out the contents.
固まった砂糖を砕いて使った。
I broke up the hardened sugar and used it.
Frequentemente confundido com
This phrase means 'to turn into powder.' While related to the result of 砕く, it describes the state rather than the action itself.
This means 'to scatter' or 'to take apart into pieces.' It focuses on the disarray or separation of parts, which can be a result of 砕く, but isn't the action itself.
This means 'to tear' or 'to shred,' usually referring to softer materials like paper or cloth. While it involves breaking into smaller pieces, the method is different from the force implied by 砕く.
Expressões idiomáticas
"心を砕く (kokoro o kudaku)"
To rack one's brains, to take great pains, to worry oneself sick
彼はプロジェクトの成功のために心を砕いた。(Kare wa purojekuto no seikō no tame ni kokoro o kudaitta.) - He racked his brains for the success of the project.
neutral"問題を砕く (mondai o kudaku)"
To break down a problem, to solve a difficult problem
私たちはその複雑な問題を砕いて解決策を見つけた。(Watashitachi wa sono fukuzatsu na mondai o kudaite kaiketsusaku o mitsuketa.) - We broke down the complex problem and found a solution.
neutral"夢を砕く (yume o kudaku)"
To shatter one's dreams, to crush one's hopes
その失敗は彼の夢を砕いてしまった。(Sono shippai wa kare no yume o kudaite shimatta.) - That failure shattered his dreams.
neutral"鼻を砕く (hana o kudaku)"
To humble someone, to make someone lose face (literally 'to break one's nose')
彼は自信過剰な相手の鼻を砕いた。(Kare wa jishinkajō na aite no hana o kudaitta.) - He humbled his overconfident opponent.
informal"骨を砕く (hone o kudaku)"
To work oneself to the bone, to strive diligently
彼は家族のために骨を砕いて働いた。(Kare wa kazoku no tame ni hone o kudaite hataraita.) - He worked himself to the bone for his family.
neutral"砕けた言い方 (kudaketa iikata)"
Casual way of speaking, informal language
友だちと話すときは砕けた言い方をする。(Tomodachi to hanasu toki wa kudaketa iikata o suru.) - When talking with friends, I use casual language.
neutral"砕けた雰囲気 (kudaketa fun'iki)"
Relaxed atmosphere, informal ambiance
このカフェは砕けた雰囲気で居心地が良い。(Kono kafe wa kudaketa fun'iki de ikogochi ga yoi.) - This cafe has a relaxed atmosphere and is comfortable.
neutral"打ち砕く (uchikudaku)"
To smash, to crush, to defeat utterly
敵の抵抗を打ち砕いた。(Teki no teikō o uchikudaitta.) - We utterly crushed the enemy's resistance.
neutral"粉々に砕く (konagona ni kudaku)"
To smash to pieces, to shatter into smithereens
彼は怒って皿を粉々に砕いた。(Kare wa okotte sara o konagona ni kudaitta.) - He angrily smashed the plate to pieces.
neutral"気を砕く (ki o kudaku)"
To go to great lengths, to worry oneself about
彼女はいつも周りの人に気を砕いている。(Kanojo wa itsumo mawari no hito ni ki o kudaite iru.) - She is always worrying about the people around her.
neutralFácil de confundir
Both 砕く and 壊す can mean 'to break.' However, 壊す is more general and refers to breaking something so it no longer functions or is whole, regardless of whether it's shattered into pieces.
砕く specifically implies breaking something into smaller pieces or fragments, often with force. 壊す can mean breaking something into pieces, but also just breaking it in a way that it no longer works, like a machine.
おもちゃを壊した。(I broke the toy.)
Both 砕く and 割る can be used for breaking things, especially into pieces. However, 割る often implies a cleaner break or division into a few larger pieces, or the act of cracking something.
砕く is about breaking into many small, often irregular pieces. 割る is more about splitting something in two, or cracking it, like an egg or a piece of glass into a few large shards.
卵を割る。(To crack an egg.)
崩す can mean 'to break down' or 'to collapse,' which might seem similar to 砕く's meaning of 'to crush.'
砕く focuses on physical fragmentation. 崩す often refers to a structure or arrangement falling apart or being intentionally taken apart, like a pile of bricks or a stack of coins. It can also refer to breaking a balance or routine.
山を崩す。(To break down a mountain/hill.)
This word includes 砕く, so it's easy to confuse, but it carries a stronger nuance.
打ち砕く is a compound verb that emphasizes breaking something utterly or completely, often with a sense of destruction or defeat. It has a more forceful and often metaphorical connotation than simple 砕く.
夢を打ち砕く。(To shatter a dream.)
This is a more formal and stronger version of 'to crush' or 'to pulverize,' sharing the meaning of breaking into very small pieces.
粉砕する is a more technical or formal term, often used in scientific or industrial contexts, emphasizing the reduction to powder or very fine particles. 砕く is more general and can apply to breaking into larger fragments too.
岩石を粉砕する。(To pulverize rocks.)
Como usar
When you want to express the breaking, crushing, or smashing of something, you can use the verb 砕く (kudaku). It often implies reducing something into smaller pieces or powder.
Examples:
氷を砕く (Kōri o kudaku) - To crush ice.
岩を砕く (Iwa o kudaku) - To smash rocks.
夢を砕く (Yume o kudaku) - To crush a dream (figurative).
A common mistake is confusing 砕く (kudaku) with other verbs like 壊す (kowasu), which means 'to break' but in a more general sense of damaging or rendering something unusable.
砕く specifically refers to breaking something into pieces or powder, while 壊す can be used for anything from a broken toy to a damaged building.
For instance, if you want to say 'to break a plate,' you would typically use 皿を割る (sara o waru) or 皿を壊す (sara o kowasu), not 皿を砕く (sara o kudaku), unless you specifically mean to smash it into tiny fragments.
Dicas
Basic Meaning of Kudaku
砕く (kudaku) means to break, to crush, or to smash something into smaller pieces. Think of breaking a cookie or crushing ice.
Common Use Cases
You'll often hear 砕く when talking about breaking solid objects. For example, 氷を砕く (kōri o kudaku) means to crush ice.
Figurative Meaning: To Make Something Easy to Understand
砕く also has a figurative meaning: to simplify or make something easy to understand. Like breaking down a complex idea into smaller, digestible parts.
Example: Crushing Ice
氷を砕いてジュースに入れます。(Kōri o kudaite jūsu ni iremasu.) - I will crush the ice and put it in the juice.
Example: Breaking a Stone
石を砕くのは大変だ。(Ishi o kudaku no wa taihen da.) - It's hard to break a stone.
Example: Explaining Simply
難しい話を砕いて説明してくれた。(Muzukashii hanashi o kudaite setsumei shite kureta.) - They explained the difficult story in simple terms for me.
Related Word: 壊す (Kowasu)
While similar, 壊す (kowasu) generally means to break something in a way that it becomes unusable or damaged. 砕く implies breaking into many small pieces.
Related Word: 割る (Waru)
割る (waru) often means to split or divide something, or to break something like glass or a plate into a few pieces. 砕く is more about pulverizing.
Don't Confuse with Kudaru
Don't confuse 砕く (kudaku) with 下る (kudaru), which means to descend or come down. Pay attention to the kanji!
Practice with Sentences
Try to create your own sentences using 砕く. For example, think about what you might crush in your daily life, or how you might simplify a complex topic.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Think of a 'कूड़ा' (kooda) or 'trash' truck that 'crushes' things. 'Kudaku' sounds a bit like 'kooda ku'.
Associação visual
Imagine a giant foot 'stomping' on something, 'crushing' it, and saying 'Kudaku!' as it does.
Word Web
Desafio
Describe three things you might '砕く' (kudaku) in your daily life. For example, '私はコーヒー豆を砕きます。' (I grind coffee beans.)
Origem da palavra
Native Japanese word (大和言葉 - Yamato Kotoba)
Significado original: To break into small pieces
JaponicContexto cultural
When offering advice, Japanese people might say 「砕けた言い方」 (kudaketa iikata) meaning 'a more casual way of speaking,' suggesting a relaxed and approachable manner. This contrasts with formal speech, highlighting the cultural value placed on adapting communication style to suit the situation and audience, sometimes 'breaking down' formality to foster connection.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Breaking a solid object into pieces.
- 氷を砕く (kōri o kudaku) - to crush ice
- 石を砕く (ishi o kudaku) - to break stones
- くるみを砕く (kurumi o kudaku) - to crack nuts
Figuratively breaking something abstract, like a record or a problem.
- 記録を砕く (kiroku o kudaku) - to break a record
- 問題を砕く (mondai o kudaku) - to break down a problem
- 壁を砕く (kabe o kudaku) - to break through a wall (figurative)
Making something easier to understand or simpler.
- 言葉を砕く (kotoba o kudaku) - to simplify language
- 話を砕く (hanashi o kudaku) - to explain something in simple terms
Expressing an emotion or a situation in a way that implies it's broken or crushed.
- 心を砕く (kokoro o kudaku) - to break one's heart (figurative, often for great effort or concern)
- 夢を砕く (yume o kudaku) - to crush a dream
When something is naturally broken or crumbles.
- 波が砕ける (nami ga kudakeru) - waves break (onto the shore)
- 岩が砕ける (iwa ga kudakeru) - rocks crumble
Iniciadores de conversa
"何かを砕くのが得意ですか？ (Nani ka o kudaku no ga tokui desu ka?) - Are you good at breaking things?"
"最近、何か砕いたものはありますか？ (Saikin, nani ka kuda ita mono wa arimasu ka?) - Have you broken anything recently?"
"難しい話を砕いて説明できますか？ (Muzukashii hanashi o kudaite setsumei dekimasu ka?) - Can you explain difficult topics in simple terms?"
"もし心を砕かれるようなことがあったら、どうしますか？ (Moshi kokoro o kudakareru yō na koto ga attara, dō shimasu ka?) - What would you do if something broke your heart?"
"どんな記録を砕いてみたいですか？ (Donna kiroku o kudaite mitai desu ka?) - What kind of record would you like to break?"
Temas para diário
あなたが最近砕いた、または砕こうとしている物理的なものについて書いてください。それは何でしたか？どうやって砕きましたか？ (Anata ga saikin kuda ita, mata wa kudakō to shite iru butsuriteki na mono ni tsuite kaite kudasai. Sore wa nan desu ka? Dō yatte kuda kimashita ka?) - Write about a physical thing you recently broke or are trying to break. What was it? How did you break it?
あなたの目標や夢を「砕く」ために、どのような努力をしていますか？ (Anata no mokuhyō ya yume o 'kudaku' tame ni, dono yō na doryoku o shite imasu ka?) - What efforts are you making to 'break' your goals or dreams (achieve them)?
もし誰かの心を砕いてしまったら、どのように償いますか？ (Moshi dareka no kokoro o kudaite shimattara, dono yō ni tsugunaimasu ka?) - If you accidentally broke someone's heart, how would you make amends?
複雑なアイデアを「砕いて」説明する必要があった経験について書いてください。どのようにしましたか？ (Fukuzatsu na aidea o 'kudaite' setsumei suru hitsuyō ga atta keiken ni tsuite kaite kudasai. Dono yō ni shimashita ka?) - Write about an experience where you had to 'break down' a complex idea to explain it. How did you do it?
あなたがこれまでに「壁を砕いた」と感じた瞬間はいつでしたか？ (Anata ga kore made ni 'kabe o kuda ita' to kanjita shunkan wa itsu deshita ka?) - When was a moment you felt you 'broke through a wall' (overcame a significant obstacle)?
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasBoth 砕く (kudaku) and 壊す (kowasu) mean 'to break', but they have different nuances. 砕く specifically means to break something into smaller pieces, like crushing ice or smashing a rock. 壊す is a more general term for breaking something, making it no longer functional or whole, like breaking a toy or a machine.
Yes, 砕く (kudaku) can be used for abstract concepts, though it's less common than for physical objects. For example, you might hear it in phrases like 「心を砕く」 (kokoro o kudaku) which means 'to rack one's brains' or 'to put one's heart into something', implying a strenuous effort to overcome a difficulty. Another common usage is 「表現を砕く」 (hyōgen o kudaku) which means to simplify an expression or make it easier to understand.
While both can mean 'to break', 砕く (kudaku) implies breaking something into many small pieces, like crushing a cookie. 割る (waru) often means to break something into two or a few pieces, or to split something, like breaking a glass or dividing something in half. Think of it this way: if you drop a plate, it might 割れる (wareru) into a few big pieces. If you hit it with a hammer, it might 砕ける (kudakeru) into many small shards.
Yes, one very common idiom is 「心を砕く」 (kokoro o kudaku). As mentioned before, it means to make a great effort or to worry a lot about something, pouring your heart into it. For example, 「彼は娘のために心を砕いた」 (Kare wa musume no tame ni kokoro o kudaitta) meaning 'He went to great lengths for his daughter.'
砕く (kudaku) is a Godan verb (Class 1 verb). Here are some basic conjugations:
- Masu form: 砕きます (kudakimasu)
- Te form: 砕いて (kudaite)
- Plain past: 砕いた (kudaita)
- Negative: 砕かない (kudakanai)
- Passive: 砕かれる (kudakareru)
- Causative: 砕かせる (kudakaseru)
Yes, 砕く (kudaku) is a transitive verb (someone breaks something). Its intransitive counterpart is 砕ける (kudakeru), which means 'to be broken' or 'to shatter'. For example: 「氷を砕く」 (Kōri o kudaku) - 'to break ice' (transitive). 「氷が砕ける」 (Kōri ga kudakeru) - 'the ice breaks/shatters' (intransitive).
You would typically use 砕く (kudaku) for things that break into many small pieces or are crushed. Common examples include: 氷 (kōri - ice), 石 (ishi - stone/rock), ガラス (garasu - glass) when it shatters into many pieces, クッキー (kukkī - cookie) or other dry foods, and even things like 夢 (yume - dreams) in a metaphorical sense (to crush someone's dreams).
Since 砕く (kudaku) is a verb, you can make it polite by using its masu form: 砕きます (kudakimasu). For example, 「氷を砕きますか？」 (Kōri o kudakimasu ka?) means 'Would you like me to crush the ice?' The politeness comes from the conjugation, not a separate word.
The kanji for 砕く is 砕. It's composed of two radicals:
- 石 (ishi): meaning 'stone' or 'rock' (on the left)
- 卒 (sotsu): which can mean 'to graduate' or 'to finish', but in this context, it often implies 'scattered' or 'broken into pieces'.
Yes, in a less literal sense, 砕く (kudaku) can be used for data or information, especially when you are simplifying or breaking down complex information into understandable parts. For example, 「情報を砕いて説明する」 (Jōhō o kudaite setsumei suru) means 'to explain information in a simplified way' or 'to break down information for explanation'.
Teste-se 144 perguntas
氷を___ください。(Kōri o ___ kudasai.) - Please crush the ice.
The verb 砕く (kudaku) means 'to crush' or 'to break.'
石を___のは難しいです。(Ishi o ___ no wa muzukashii desu.) - It is difficult to break a stone.
砕く (kudaku) is the correct verb for 'to break' in this context.
お菓子を___て食べます。(Okashi o ___te tabemasu.) - I break the sweets and eat them.
The -te form of 砕く is 砕いて (kudaite), used here to connect with the next action.
くるみを___機械があります。(Kurumi o ___ kikai ga arimasu.) - There is a machine to crack walnuts.
砕く (kudaku) means 'to crack' or 'to break' something hard like walnuts.
皿を___てしまいました。(Sara o ___te shimaimashita.) - I accidentally broke the plate.
The -te form of 砕く is 砕いて (kudaite). '〜てしまう' expresses an unintended or regretful action.
小さい破片に___ました。(Chiisai hahen ni ___ mashita.) - It broke into small pieces.
砕ける (kudakeru) is the intransitive form, meaning 'to break' or 'to shatter' by itself.
Which word means 'to break' or 'to crush'?
砕く (kudaku) specifically means to break, crush, or smash. The other options mean 'to eat', 'to drink', and 'to sleep' respectively.
If you want to say 'to break a cookie' in Japanese, which verb would you most likely use?
砕く (kudaku) is the appropriate verb for breaking something like a cookie into smaller pieces. The other verbs mean 'to run', 'to read', and 'to write'.
Which of these sentences correctly uses 砕く?
砕く is used for breaking physical objects like stones. You cannot 'break' water, air, or sound in this context.
The word 砕く can be used to describe breaking a glass into many small pieces.
Yes, 砕く is often used for breaking something into smaller fragments or crushing it.
If you want to say 'to eat an apple', you should use the verb 砕く.
No, 砕く means 'to break' or 'to crush'. To eat an apple, you would use 食べる (taberu).
You can use 砕く to talk about crushing ice.
Yes, 砕く is perfectly suitable for describing the action of crushing ice.
What is being broken?
What action is requested for the ice?
What happened to his dream?
Read this aloud:
木を砕く
Focus: ku-da-ku
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Read this aloud:
ガラスを砕かないでください。
Focus: ku-da-ka-na-i-de
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Read this aloud:
これは簡単に砕けます。
Focus: ku-da-ke-ma-su
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This means 'Crush the bread.' 'パン (pan)' means bread, and 'を (o)' is a particle indicating the direct object. '砕く (kudaku)' means to crush.
This means 'I crush the ice.' '氷 (koori)' means ice. '砕きます (kudakimasu)' is the polite form of '砕く'.
This means 'I crushed the stone.' '石 (ishi)' means stone. '砕いた (kudaita)' is the past tense of '砕く'.
Choose the correct kanji for 'kudaku' (to break/crush).
砕く (kudaku) is the transitive verb for 'to break' or 'to crush'. The other options are not correct forms for this meaning.
Which sentence correctly uses 砕く (kudaku)?
To break 'something' uses the direct object particle を (o). So, 氷を砕いて (kōri o kudaite) is correct.
What is the most natural way to say 'Please crush the peanuts'?
To request crushing 'something', you use the direct object particle を (o) with the -te form of the verb and ください (kudasai).
砕く (kudaku) can be used to describe breaking a promise.
砕く (kudaku) refers to physically breaking or crushing something. For breaking a promise, other verbs like 破る (yaburu) are used.
You can use 砕く (kudaku) to talk about crushing ice for a drink.
砕く (kudaku) is commonly used for crushing hard objects like ice.
砕く (kudaku) is an intransitive verb.
砕く (kudaku) is a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object (you break 'something'). Its intransitive counterpart is 砕ける (kudakeru).
Listen for 'ice' and 'crush'.
Listen for 'stone' and 'couldn't break'.
Listen for 'dream' and 'shattered'.
Read this aloud:
りんごを砕いてジュースにします。
Focus: くだいて (kudaite)
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Read this aloud:
心を砕いて頑張ります。
Focus: こころをくだいて (kokoro o kudaite)
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Read this aloud:
ガラスを砕かないでください。
Focus: くだかないで (kudakanaide)
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Imagine you dropped a fragile object. How would you describe what happened using the word '砕く'?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
花瓶を落として、砕いてしまいました。
You are making a dish that requires crushed ice. How would you tell someone to crush the ice using '砕く'?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
氷を細かく砕いてください。
Describe a situation where someone might 'crush' a nut with a tool, using '砕く'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
道具を使ってくるみを砕きます。
何が砕けましたか？
Read this passage:
地震で窓ガラスが砕けました。とても怖かったです。
何が砕けましたか？
地震で窓ガラスが砕けたと書かれています。 ('Window glass broke due to the earthquake.')
地震で窓ガラスが砕けたと書かれています。 ('Window glass broke due to the earthquake.')
この石を砕くのはなぜ難しいですか？
Read this passage:
この石は硬いので、砕くのが難しいです。特別な道具が必要です。
この石を砕くのはなぜ難しいですか？
「この石は硬いので、砕くのが難しいです」とあります。 ('This stone is hard, so it's difficult to break.')
「この石は硬いので、砕くのが難しいです」とあります。 ('This stone is hard, so it's difficult to break.')
彼女の心はどうなりそうでしたか？
Read this passage:
彼女は悲しすぎて、心が砕けそうでした。友達が慰めてくれました。
彼女の心はどうなりそうでしたか？
「心が砕けそうでした」と書かれています。これは比喩的な表現で、非常に悲しい状態を意味します。 ('Her heart felt like it was breaking.')
「心が砕けそうでした」と書かれています。これは比喩的な表現で、非常に悲しい状態を意味します。 ('Her heart felt like it was breaking.')
This means 'Please crush the ice.' 氷 (kōri) is ice, を (o) is the direct object particle, 砕く (kudaku) is to crush, and ください (kudasai) means please.
This means 'Please break the stone.' 石 (ishi) is stone, を (o) is the direct object particle, 砕いて (kudaite) is the te-form of 砕く (kudaku), used here with ください (kudasai) to make a polite request.
This means 'The window broke.' 窓 (mado) is window, が (ga) is the subject particle, and 砕けました (kudakemashita) is the past tense of 砕ける (kudakeru), the intransitive form of 砕く (kudaku).
Choose the best word to complete the sentence: 彼は氷を___。
The sentence means 'He crushed the ice.' 砕く (kudaku) is the verb for 'to crush' or 'to break.'
Which of these objects would you most likely 砕く (kudaku)?
砕く (kudaku) means to break or crush something solid. Stone is a solid object that can be crushed.
If you want to make small pieces from a large piece of wood, what would you do with the wood?
砕く (kudaku) means to break or crush into smaller pieces.
You can use 砕く (kudaku) to describe breaking a window.
砕く (kudaku) can be used for breaking hard, brittle objects like glass.
When you 砕く (kudaku) something, it usually becomes whole again.
砕く (kudaku) means to break or crush into pieces, so it would not become whole again.
The phrase 夢を砕く (yume o kudaku) means 'to crush a dream.'
砕く (kudaku) can be used metaphorically to mean 'to crush' or 'to shatter' something like a dream or hope.
The sound of breaking ice is audible.
His dreams were crushed.
They break rocks to make a road.
Read this aloud:
チョコレートを砕いてください。
Focus: くだいて (kudaite)
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Read this aloud:
固い殻を砕く。
Focus: くだく (kudaku)
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Read this aloud:
悲しみが心を砕いた。
Focus: くだいた (kudaita)
Você disse:
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Imagine you're making a dish that requires crushing ice. Write a sentence describing this action using '砕く'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
飲み物のために氷を砕きました。
You are frustrated and want to 'break' something (metaphorically or literally, but keep it B1 appropriate). Write a short sentence expressing this feeling using '砕く'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
この問題を解決するために、壁を砕く必要があります。
You're at a party and someone tells a joke that makes everyone laugh. Write a sentence about the joke 'breaking' the ice (in a social sense) using '砕く'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼のジョークが場の雰囲気を砕きました。
子供たちが足で砕いていたのは何ですか？
Read this passage:
子供たちは、落ちた葉っぱを足で砕いていました。その音はとても楽しそうで、秋の訪れを感じさせました。彼らはさらに小さな石も拾って、それも砕こうとしました。
子供たちが足で砕いていたのは何ですか？
文章の冒頭で「子供たちは、落ちた葉っぱを足で砕いていました」と述べられています。
文章の冒頭で「子供たちは、落ちた葉っぱを足で砕いていました」と述べられています。
スパイスを砕く目的は何ですか？
Read this passage:
料理を作る時、時々スパイスを砕く必要があります。そうすることで、より香りが引き立ち、料理の味が良くなります。特に、乾燥したハーブは砕いてから使うと効果的です。
スパイスを砕く目的は何ですか？
「そうすることで、より香りが引き立ち、料理の味が良くなります」と明確に書かれています。
「そうすることで、より香りが引き立ち、料理の味が良くなります」と明確に書かれています。
大きな課題を小さな部分に砕くことの利点は何ですか？
Read this passage:
目標を達成するためには、大きな課題を小さな部分に砕くことが重要です。そうすれば、一つずつ着実に解決していくことができます。最初から全体を見ようとすると、途方に暮れてしまうかもしれません。
大きな課題を小さな部分に砕くことの利点は何ですか？
「そうすれば、一つずつ着実に解決していくことができます」と述べられており、解決が容易になることを示しています。
「そうすれば、一つずつ着実に解決していくことができます」と述べられており、解決が容易になることを示しています。
This sentence means 'I can hear the sound of ice breaking.' The particle 'を' marks '氷' (ice) as the direct object of the verb '砕く' (to break/crush).
This sentence means 'He crushed the stone.' '彼' (he) is the subject, '石' (stone) is the direct object marked by 'を', and '砕いた' is the past tense of '砕く'.
This sentence means 'You must not crush your dreams.' '夢を砕く' means to crush or shatter dreams. '〜てはいけない' expresses prohibition.
氷を___、冷たい飲み物を作った。(こおりを___、つめたいのみものをつくった。)
「砕く」は、固いものを細かく割るニュアンスです。この文では氷を細かくすることを指しています。
夢を___現実と向き合う。(ゆめを___げんじつとむきあう。)
「夢を砕く」は、夢が打ち破られる、あるいは自分自身で夢を諦めるという意味で使われます。
堅い岩石を___、道を作った。(かたいいわせきを___、みちをつくった。)
「砕く」は、堅いものを細かく割る、粉々にするという意味で、岩石を細かくして道を作る状況に合います。
彼の自信は、その一言で___しまった。(かれのじしんは、そのひとことで___しまった。)
「自信が砕ける」は、自信が打ち砕かれる、失われるという意味で使われます。
壁を___、新しい部屋を作った。(かべを___、あたらしいへやをつくった。)
壁を細かく壊して取り除くニュアンスで「砕く」を使うことができます。ただし「取り払う」も文脈によっては適切です。
心を___話す。(こころを___はなす。)
「心を砕く」は、相手を気遣ってあれこれ心を配る、または一生懸命努力するという意味で使われます。ここでは「心を砕いて話す」で、相手に分かりやすく話すために努力する、というニュアンスです。
The speaker wants ice in a glass.
The speaker talks about overcoming difficulties.
The speaker talks about changing old customs.
Read this aloud:
彼は敵の計画を砕きました。
Focus: くだきました (kudakimashita)
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Read this aloud:
その石を砕いて道を作りました。
Focus: くだいて (kudaite)
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Read this aloud:
彼女は私の期待を砕いた。
Focus: くだいた (kudaita)
Você disse:
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Imagine you're making a dish that requires crushing ice. Describe the process in Japanese, focusing on the action of crushing. Include the word "砕く".
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
まず、氷を布巾で包み、次にハンマーで砕きます。細かい氷を作るために、均等に力を加えることが大切です。
You are explaining a geological process where rocks break down over time. Use "砕く" to describe how natural forces gradually break rocks into smaller pieces. Explain this process in Japanese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
長い年月をかけて、風や水の力で岩は少しずつ砕かれていきます。この過程で、岩は砂や土へと変化します。
Write a short email to a friend, apologizing for accidentally breaking a glass. Explain what happened using "砕く" and express your regret.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
こんにちは、[友達の名前]。昨日、誤ってグラスを砕いてしまって、本当にごめんなさい。新しいものを弁償します。
この文章によると、地震が原因で何が起こる可能性がありますか？
Read this passage:
地震は時に建物やインフラを大きく損壊させます。特に古い木造建築は、その揺れによって壁や柱が砕け散ることも少なくありません。このような状況では、被災者の安全確保が最優先されます。
この文章によると、地震が原因で何が起こる可能性がありますか？
文章には「古い木造建築は、その揺れによって壁や柱が砕け散ることも少なくありません」と明記されています。
文章には「古い木造建築は、その揺れによって壁や柱が砕け散ることも少なくありません」と明記されています。
シェフが香辛料を砕いた主な理由は何ですか？
Read this passage:
シェフは料理の準備で、香辛料を石臼で丁寧に砕きました。これにより、香りが最大限に引き出され、料理の味が格段に向上すると彼は言います。彼のこだわりが、常に最高の味を生み出しています。
シェフが香辛料を砕いた主な理由は何ですか？
文章には「香りが最大限に引き出され、料理の味が格段に向上すると彼は言います」と書かれています。
文章には「香りが最大限に引き出され、料理の味が格段に向上すると彼は言います」と書かれています。
古代の技術で硬い鉱物を砕くために使われた方法は何ですか？
Read this passage:
古代の技術では、硬い鉱物を砕くために、火を使って熱し、その後に急激に冷やすという方法が用いられました。この温度変化によって鉱物に亀裂が生じ、より簡単に砕くことができたのです。これは、当時の人々の知恵を示す例です。
古代の技術で硬い鉱物を砕くために使われた方法は何ですか？
文章に「火を使って熱し、その後に急激に冷やすという方法が用いられました」と記述されています。
文章に「火を使って熱し、その後に急激に冷やすという方法が用いられました」と記述されています。
This sentence means 'Let's crush the ice and put it in the juice.' The verb 砕く (kudaku) is used to describe crushing the ice.
This sentence means 'It's hard to crush a hard shell.' The noun phrase 固い殻 (katai kara - hard shell) is the direct object of the verb 砕く (kudaku).
This sentence means 'He broke the wall and made a new door.' The verb 砕く (kudaku) describes breaking the wall as a step towards making a new door.
複雑な問題を___ためには、単純化することが重要です。
「砕く」は、抽象的な意味で「問題を解決するために分解する」という意味でも使われます。
彼女は彼の冷たい態度に心を___られた。
「心を砕く」で、「心を痛める、苦心する」という意味になります。受け身の形「砕かれる」で「心を痛めつけられる」となります。
氷を___て、かき氷を作った。
物理的に何かを細かくすることを意味する動詞です。ここでは氷を細かくすることを指します。
その知らせは彼の希望を完全に___た。
「希望を砕く」で、「希望を打ち砕く、絶望させる」という意味になります。
岩を___て道を作った。
物理的に硬いものを壊す、粉々にするという意味です。ここでは岩を壊して道を作る状況を表します。
彼は難しい交渉を___ために、全力を尽くした。
この文脈では、「砕く」は「困難な状況を乗り越えるために努力する」という意味合いで使われます。
Choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: 彼の夢は簡単に___。
「砕ける」 (kudakeru) means 'to be broken, to be crushed.' In this context, 'his dream was easily crushed' makes the most sense. The past tense 「砕けた」(kudaketa) is used.
Which sentence best uses 砕く (kudaku)?
「砕く」 (kudaku) is typically used for physically breaking or crushing solid objects like ice, rocks, or bones. The other options do not make sense in a literal or common metaphorical way.
Which of the following is the most suitable object for the verb 「砕く」(kudaku) in a literal sense?
「砕く」 (kudaku) literally means to break or crush a solid object. Among the choices, only 「石」 (ishi - stone) is a solid object that can be physically crushed or broken.
「彼の心を砕く」 (kare no kokoro o kudaku) can mean 'to break his heart'.
While 「砕く」 (kudaku) literally means to break or crush, it can also be used metaphorically. 「心を砕く」 (kokoro o kudaku) is a common expression meaning 'to break one's heart' or 'to cause someone great distress'.
You can use 「砕く」 (kudaku) to describe breaking a promise.
While 'breaking' a promise involves ending it, the Japanese verb 「砕く」 (kudaku) is not typically used for this. Instead, verbs like 「破る」 (yaburu - to break, to tear) or 「約束を果たす」 (yakusoku o hatasu - to fulfill a promise) in the negative form 「約束を果たさない」 (yakusoku o hatasanai - to not fulfill a promise) would be more appropriate for breaking a promise.
「砕けた日本語」 (kudaketa nihongo) refers to very formal or stiff Japanese.
「砕けた日本語」 (kudaketa nihongo) actually refers to casual or informal Japanese, often implying that it's 'broken down' from its formal structure into a more relaxed style. It's the opposite of formal or stiff language.
The speaker is preparing a drink.
Something emotional happened.
An action was performed on a rock.
Read this aloud:
大きな夢を砕かれても、彼は諦めなかった。
Focus: 砕かれて (kudakarete)
Você disse:
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Read this aloud:
問題の核心を砕いて説明してください。
Focus: 砕いて (kudaite)
Você disse:
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Read this aloud:
氷を砕く音が心地よかった。
Focus: 砕く (kudaku)
Você disse:
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Imagine you are explaining to a friend how to make a crushed ice drink. Describe the process using the verb "砕く" (kudaku) at least once. Focus on clarity and practical instructions.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
まず、氷をたくさん用意します。ミキサーを使って、その氷を細かく砕きます。砕いた氷をグラスに入れ、好きなシロップやジュースを加えてください。これで冷たい飲み物の完成です。
You are writing a short diary entry about a challenging problem you faced and how you managed to 'break' it down into smaller, manageable parts. Use "砕く" (kudaku) figuratively in your entry.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
今日は大きな問題に直面しましたが、焦らずにその問題を小さな部分に砕いて考えました。一つずつ解決していくことで、最終的には全体を理解し、前に進むことができました。
Describe a scenario where you would need to crush something (e.g., ingredients for a recipe, a fallen object). Explain the action and the reason for it, using "砕く" (kudaku).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
このレシピには、ピーナッツを細かく砕いて使う必要があります。フードプロセッサーに入れて、粉々になるまで砕きます。こうすることで、味が全体に均一に広がり、食感も良くなります。
科学者たちはなぜ岩石サンプルを砕いたのですか？
Read this passage:
科学者たちは、この岩石サンプルを研究するために、まず特殊な機械で細かく砕く作業を行いました。砕かれた破片は、さらに分析のために複数のセクションに分けられました。
科学者たちはなぜ岩石サンプルを砕いたのですか？
文章に「研究するために」と明確に書かれています。
文章に「研究するために」と明確に書かれています。
彼が問題を「砕いた」とはどういう意味ですか？
Read this passage:
彼は失敗を恐れず、どんな困難な状況でも、自分の持っている知識と経験を総動員して、問題を一つずつ砕いていきました。その結果、最終的には成功を収めることができました。
彼が問題を「砕いた」とはどういう意味ですか？
文脈から、「問題を一つずつ砕いていきました」は、困難な問題を分析し、 manageableな部分に分けて解決していく様子を示しています。
文脈から、「問題を一つずつ砕いていきました」は、困難な問題を分析し、 manageableな部分に分けて解決していく様子を示しています。
料理人がスパイスを砕く主な目的は何ですか？
Read this passage:
料理人がスパイスを砕く音は、厨房に響き渡り、これから作られる料理の香りを予感させました。彼の技は、食材の風味を最大限に引き出すために不可欠でした。
料理人がスパイスを砕く主な目的は何ですか？
「食材の風味を最大限に引き出すために不可欠でした」という記述から、これが主な目的だとわかります。
「食材の風味を最大限に引き出すために不可欠でした」という記述から、これが主な目的だとわかります。
This sentence means 'The sound of crushing ice echoed.' It follows a typical Japanese sentence structure: object (氷を), verb (砕く), subject (音が), and predicate (響いた).
This means 'His words broke my heart.' Here, '彼の言葉が' is the subject, '私の心を' is the object, and '砕いた' is the past tense of '砕く'.
This translates to 'Even if your dreams are crushed, don't give up.' '砕かれても' is the passive form of '砕く' with 'ても' (even if).
以下の文で「砕く」が最も適切に使われているのはどれですか？
「砕く」は物理的に何かを細かくすることを指します。氷を細かくする、という意味でこの選択肢が最も適切です。
「彼の努力はついに壁を___。」最も適切な動詞を選びなさい。
壁を乗り越える、困難を打ち破るという意味で「砕いた」が比喩的に使われます。他の選択肢も破壊を意味しますが、この文脈では「砕く」が最も自然です。
次のうち、「砕けた言い方」が意味することは何ですか？
「砕けた言い方」とは、フォーマルではない、親しみやすい、インフォーマルな話し方を指します。文字通り「砕く」が「堅さをなくす」という比喩的な意味で使われています。
「砕く」は、物理的な破壊のみに用いられる。
「砕く」は物理的な破壊だけでなく、「壁を砕く（困難を乗り越える）」や「砕けた言い方（インフォーマルな言葉遣い）」のように比喩的にも使われます。
「卵を砕く」という表現は適切である。
卵は「割る」ものなので、「卵を割る」が適切です。「砕く」はより細かく粉々にするようなニュアンスが強いため、卵にはあまり使いません。
「彼の心を砕く」という表現は、非常に悲しい気持ちにさせることを意味する。
「心を砕く」は、ひどく心を痛めつける、深い悲しみを与える、という意味の比喩表現として使われます。
The speaker wants to break ice for a drink.
The speaker is talking about breaking a hard shell.
The speaker mentions breaking a wall to create a new path.
Read this aloud:
この石は硬すぎて砕けない。
Focus: 砕けない (kudakenai)
Você disse:
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Read this aloud:
夢を砕かれたくない。
Focus: 砕かれたくない (kudakaretakunai)
Você disse:
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Read this aloud:
彼の言葉が私の心を砕いた。
Focus: 心を砕いた (kokoro o kudaita)
Você disse:
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Imagine you are an ancient artisan tasked with creating a mosaic. Describe the process of preparing your materials, specifically focusing on how you would '砕く' (break/crush) various stones and glass to achieve the desired shapes and sizes for your artwork. Discuss the tools you would use and the precision required.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
モザイクを作るため、まず色とりどりの石やガラスを選びます。それらを適切な大きさに砕くために、硬い槌と鑿を使います。特に細かい部分は慎重に、破片が飛び散らないように注意しながら作業を進めます。最終的に、作品のイメージに合うように、様々な形とサイズの破片を作り出します。
You are a chef preparing a complex dish that requires several ingredients to be '砕く' (crushed or broken). Detail the different ingredients you would need to crush, the methods you would employ for each (e.g., mortar and pestle, food processor, by hand), and explain why each method is best suited for that particular ingredient to achieve the desired texture and flavor.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
今日の料理では、いくつかの食材を砕く必要があります。まず、乾燥ハーブは風味を最大限に引き出すため、乳鉢と乳棒で細かく砕きます。ニンニクは包丁の腹で軽く潰し、香りを引き出します。また、ナッツ類はフードプロセッサーで粗めに砕き、食感のアクセントにします。それぞれの食材に合った方法で砕くことで、料理全体のバランスを整えます。
Describe a metaphorical situation where someone's spirit or determination is '砕かれる' (broken/crushed). What events or circumstances led to this state, what are the visible signs of this emotional crushing, and what steps, if any, could be taken to help them recover?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼の精神は、長年にわたる理不尽な批判と失敗の連続によって完全に砕かれました。以前は情熱に満ちていた彼の目には光がなくなり、常にうつむき加減で、会話も途切れがちになりました。このような状態から回復するには、まず彼が安心して話せる環境を提供し、小さな成功体験を積み重ねて自信を取り戻すことが不可欠です。周囲の理解と支援が彼の精神を再び立て直す鍵となるでしょう。
この文章が示唆している、新しい素材の主な特徴は何ですか？
Read this passage:
科学者たちは、新しい素材を開発するために日々研究を重ねている。特に注目されているのは、衝撃を与えても砕けない、しかし加工はしやすいという相反する特性を持つ素材だ。このような素材が実用化されれば、私たちの生活は大きく変わるだろう。
この文章が示唆している、新しい素材の主な特徴は何ですか？
文章中には「衝撃を与えても砕けない」という記述があり、これが素材の主な特徴として挙げられています。
文章中には「衝撃を与えても砕けない」という記述があり、これが素材の主な特徴として挙げられています。
「希望が砕かれてしまった」とは、どのような状態を指しますか？
Read this passage:
彼は長年の努力が実を結ばず、ついに希望が砕かれてしまった。しかし、その経験が彼をさらに強くした。挫折を乗り越え、彼は新たな目標を見つけ、以前よりも輝かしい成果を上げた。
「希望が砕かれてしまった」とは、どのような状態を指しますか？
「希望が砕かれる」とは、期待や願望が打ち砕かれ、それらを失ってしまう状態を比喩的に表現しています。
「希望が砕かれる」とは、期待や願望が打ち砕かれ、それらを失ってしまう状態を比喩的に表現しています。
昔の日本で大きな岩を砕くために用いられた方法は何ですか？
Read this passage:
昔の日本では、大きな岩を砕くために、火を使って熱し、水をかけて急激に冷やすという方法が用いられました。この原始的ながらも効果的な技術は、土木工事や建築において重要な役割を果たしました。
昔の日本で大きな岩を砕くために用いられた方法は何ですか？
文章に「火を使って熱し、水をかけて急激に冷やすという方法が用いられました」と明記されています。
文章に「火を使って熱し、水をかけて急激に冷やすという方法が用いられました」と明記されています。
/ 144 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
砕く means to break, crush, or smash something, often into smaller pieces.
- break
- crush
- smash
Basic Meaning of Kudaku
砕く (kudaku) means to break, to crush, or to smash something into smaller pieces. Think of breaking a cookie or crushing ice.
Common Use Cases
You'll often hear 砕く when talking about breaking solid objects. For example, 氷を砕く (kōri o kudaku) means to crush ice.
Figurative Meaning: To Make Something Easy to Understand
砕く also has a figurative meaning: to simplify or make something easy to understand. Like breaking down a complex idea into smaller, digestible parts.
Example: Crushing Ice
氷を砕いてジュースに入れます。(Kōri o kudaite jūsu ni iremasu.) - I will crush the ice and put it in the juice.
Exemplo
氷を細かく砕いてジュースに入れた。
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Esta palavra em outros idiomas
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～上
B1Above; on top of; up.
〜の上
A2On top of, above, upon.
豊か
B1Abundant; rich; plentiful (na-adjective).
〜に従って
B1According to, in conformity with, as (something happens).
酸性雨
B1Acid rain.
営み
B1Activity; daily life; undertaking (e.g., life's activities).
順応する
B1To adapt; to adjust; to conform.
~を背景に
B1Against the backdrop of; with...as background.
空気
A2air
大気汚染
B1Air pollution; the presence of harmful substances in the air.
