When used with a verb, ～よう (you) expresses a guess or conjecture about something. It's similar to saying 'it seems' or 'it looks like' in English. For example, if someone looks tired, you might say 「疲れているようです」 (Tsukarete iru you desu), meaning 'It seems like they are tired.'
It can also be used to express purpose or intention, meaning 'in order to' or 'so that.' For instance, 「日本語を勉強するように、毎日練習します」 (Nihongo o benkyou suru you ni, mainichi renshuu shimasu) means 'I practice every day in order to study Japanese.'
When used with a noun or a verb in plain form, ～よう (you) indicates something seems or looks like something else.
You'll often see it with sensory verbs like 見える (mieru - to be visible) or 聞こえる (kikoeru - to be audible). For example, 雨が降るようです (ame ga furu you desu) means 'It looks like it's going to rain.'
When used with a verb in volitional form, ～よう (you) expresses purpose or intent, meaning 'in order to' or 'so that.' For instance, 日本語を勉強するように、日本に行きました (nihongo o benkyou suru you ni, nihon ni ikimashita) means 'I went to Japan in order to study Japanese.'
The specific meaning depends on the grammatical context, so pay attention to the words around it.
When used with a noun or na-adjective stem followed by に, ～よう means 'like' or 'as if'. For example, 彼の日本語は日本人のようだ (Kare no Nihongo wa Nihonjin no you da) means 'His Japanese is like that of a Japanese person'.
When used with a verb in its dictionary form followed by に, it means 'in order to' or 'so that'. For instance, 間に合うように急いだ (Maniau you ni isoida) translates to 'I hurried in order to be on time'.
You'll also see it combined with だ (da) at the end of a sentence as ～ようだ, meaning 'it seems' or 'it looks like'. For example, 雨が降るようだ (Ame ga furu you da) means 'It looks like it will rain'. This is similar to ～そうだ (sou da), but ～ようだ is based on a more general impression or inference, while ～そうだ is usually based on direct observation.
Understanding these different uses is key to grasping how ～よう functions in various contexts. Pay attention to the word it attaches to and the grammatical structure around it to determine its meaning.
When used with a verb in plain form, ～よう (you) indicates that something seems or looks like it is about to happen. For example, 「雨が降りそうだ」 (ame ga furisou da) means "It looks like it's going to rain."
When used with a noun or an adjective, ～よう (you) can express similarity or comparison, meaning "like" or "similar to." For instance, 「夢のようだ」 (yume no you da) translates to "It's like a dream."
Additionally, when combined with に (ni), as in ～ように (you ni), it can express purpose, meaning "in order to" or "so that." For example, 「日本語が話せるようになりたい」 (Nihongo ga hanaseru you ni naritai) means "I want to be able to speak Japanese."
When used with a noun or na-adjective stem followed by のような/のように, ～よう means 'like' or 'similar to.' It can also describe appearance, as in 'seem' or 'appear to be,' when following a plain verb or i-adjective (remove the final い for the adverbial form ようになります) or a na-adjective stem (add だ/です before ようだ/ようです).
You can also use ～よう to express 'in order to' or 'so that' when it's preceded by a verb in the potential form or a negative verb form. This usage often appears with particles like に or と.
For example, 彼はまるで日本人であるかのように話します (Kare wa marude Nihonjin de aru ka no yō ni hanashimasu) means 'He speaks as if he were Japanese.'
Another example is 日本語が話せるようになるために、毎日練習しています (Nihongo ga hanaseru yō ni naru tame ni, mainichi renshū shite imasu), which means 'I practice every day so that I can speak Japanese.'
The Japanese particle ～よう (yō) can have a few different meanings depending on the context, but it generally conveys a sense of likeness, appearance, or purpose. It's often used after verbs to express a conjecture or something that seems to be the case, similar to saying 'it seems like' or 'it looks like'.
When paired with nouns or adjectives, ～よう can indicate a comparison, meaning 'like' or 'similar to'. For example, if you say 「子供のようだ」 (kodomo no yō da), it means 'It's like a child' or 'It's childish'.
Furthermore, ～よう can be used to express purpose or intention, typically when followed by a verb in its volitional form. In this case, it translates to 'in order to' or 'so that'. For instance, 「日本語が話せるようになる」 (Nihongo ga hanaseru yō ni naru) means 'to become able to speak Japanese'.
It's important to pay attention to the grammatical structure and the surrounding words to accurately understand which meaning of ～よう is being conveyed in a given sentence.
Hello learners! Today, we're diving into a common but tricky particle: ～よう (you). This particle can mean 'like,' 'seem,' or 'in order to,' and while it's super useful, it's also a hotspot for mistakes. Let's break down the most frequent errors and how to avoid them.
§ Mistake 1: Confusing ～よう with ～みたい
This is perhaps the most common mix-up. Both ～よう and ～みたい (mitai) can express 'like' or 'seems,' but they're not always interchangeable. The key difference lies in formality and nuance.
- DEFINITION
- ～よう is generally more formal and often implies a stronger degree of certainty or an objective observation when used to mean 'seems.' It can also connect to verbs more directly to express purpose ('in order to').
- DEFINITION
- ～みたい is more casual and often expresses a subjective impression, a guess, or a simile ('looks like,' 'acts like').
Let's look at examples:
彼は忙しいようです。
(Kare wa isogashii you desu.)
He seems busy. (More objective, based on evidence)
彼は忙しいみたいです。
(Kare wa isogashii mitai desu.)
He looks busy. (More subjective, a personal impression)
§ Mistake 2: Incorrect Conjugation with Verbs and Adjectives
The way ～よう attaches to words changes based on the word type. This is a common source of errors.
Verbs: Attach to the plain form (dictionary form or negative form).
雨が降るようです。
(Ame ga furu you desu.)
It seems like it will rain.
い-adjectives: Attach directly to the い-adjective.
この本は面白いようです。
(Kono hon wa omoshiroi you desu.)
This book seems interesting.
な-adjectives: Add な before ～よう.
彼女は元気なようです。
(Kanojo wa genki na you desu.)
She seems energetic.
Nouns: Add の before ～よう.
彼は先生のようです。
(Kare wa sensei no you desu.)
He seems like a teacher.
§ Mistake 3: Misusing ～ように with purpose clauses
When ～ように is used with a verb to mean 'in order to' or 'so that,' it often describes an action taken to achieve a desired state or outcome. The common mistake here is using the wrong verb form or not understanding the nuance of the purpose.
- DEFINITION
- When expressing purpose, ～ように usually follows a potential verb or a verb in its negative form. It signifies working towards a state or avoiding an undesirable one.
Incorrect:
日本語を勉強するように、辞書を買いました。
(Nihongo o benkyou suru you ni, jisho o kaimashita.)
I bought a dictionary to study Japanese. (Grammatically incorrect for purpose here.)
Correct:
日本語が話せるように、辞書を買いました。
(Nihongo ga hanaseru you ni, jisho o kaimashita.)
I bought a dictionary so that I can speak Japanese. (Focuses on the potential state: 'to be able to speak')
遅刻しないように、早く家を出ました。
(Chikoku shinai you ni, hayaku ie o demashita.)
I left home early so that I wouldn't be late. (Focuses on avoiding an undesirable state: 'not to be late')
§ Mistake 4: Overusing ～ように in spoken Japanese
While ～よう is versatile, it can sound a bit stiff or formal if overused in casual spoken Japanese, especially when expressing 'seems.' In everyday conversations, people often lean more on ～みたい or other, simpler expressions.
By understanding these common mistakes and practicing the correct usage, you'll master ～よう in no time. Keep practicing, and don't be afraid to make mistakes – that's how we learn!
§ What is ～よう?
The Japanese particle ～よう (you) is very versatile and can express several meanings depending on how it's used. It can mean 'like' or 'seem' when describing appearance or similarity, and it can also indicate purpose, meaning 'in order to' or 'so that'. Understanding the context is key to using it correctly.
§ How to use ～よう for 'Like' / 'Seem'
When ～よう expresses 'like' or 'seem', it often attaches to nouns, verbs, or adjectives to indicate a resemblance or an appearance. It's similar to saying 'looks like' or 'seems like' in English.
- Usage with Nouns
- Noun + の + ようだ (nou no you da) or Noun + の + ような (nou no you na) + Noun
彼女は人形のようだ。
She is like a doll. (She looks like a doll.)
これは夢のような話だ。
This is a dream-like story.
- Usage with Verbs
- Verb (plain form) + ようだ (you da) or Verb (plain form) + ような (you na) + Noun
彼は忙しいようだ。
He seems busy.
雨が降るような天気だ。
It's weather that looks like it will rain.
- Usage with い-adjectives
- い-adjective + ようだ (you da) or い-adjective + ような (you na) + Noun
このリンゴは甘いようだ。
This apple seems sweet.
- Usage with な-adjectives
- な-adjective + な + ようだ (na you da) or な-adjective + な + ような (na you na) + Noun
彼は元気なようだ。
He seems energetic.
§ How to use ～よう for 'In order to' / 'So that'
When ～よう expresses purpose, it means 'in order to' or 'so that'. It often appears in the form ～ように (you ni) and modifies verbs or entire clauses, explaining the reason or goal of an action.
- Usage with Verbs (Volitional Form)
- Verb (volitional form) + と + する (to suru)
While not directly using ～よう, the volitional form followed by と する is a common way to express intent or an attempt to do something. For example, 食べようとする (tabeyou to suru) means 'to try to eat'.
- Usage with Verbs (Plain Form) + ように
- Verb (plain form) + ように (you ni)
日本語が話せるように、毎日勉強しています。
I study every day in order to be able to speak Japanese.
遅れないように、早く家を出ました。
I left home early so that I wouldn't be late.
§ Similar words and when to use this one vs alternatives
You might encounter other words or phrases that seem similar to ～よう. Here's a quick guide to help you choose the right one.
～みたい (mitai) vs. ～よう (you) for 'like' / 'seem'
Both ～みたい and ～よう can express 'like' or 'seem'. However, ～みたい is generally more colloquial and casual. ～よう is slightly more formal and can sometimes imply a stronger sense of certainty or objective observation.
子供みたいだね。
You're like a child, aren't you? (Casual)
子供のようだね。
You're like a child, aren't you? (Slightly more formal or objective)
～ため (tame) vs. ～ように (you ni) for 'in order to'
Both ～ため and ～ように can express purpose. The key difference lies in the nuances:
～ために (tame ni) often implies a direct and intended purpose, especially when the subject has control over the outcome. It can be used for both animate and inanimate subjects.
家族のために働きます。
I work for my family. (The purpose of working is for the family's benefit)
～ように (you ni) is used when the purpose is a state or a possibility that you want to achieve or avoid, and it often implies a desire or an effort towards that state. It's frequently used with potential verbs or verbs that express a change of state (e.g., 分かる, なる, できる).
日本語が上手になるように、毎日練習しています。
I practice every day so that my Japanese will become good (or in order to become good at Japanese).
How Formal Is It?
"この機械は壊れているようです。 (Kono kikai wa kowarete iru yō desu.)"
"雨が降るようだ。 (Ame ga furu yō da.)"
"彼、日本人みたいだね。 (Kare, Nihonjin mitai da ne.)"
"あのね、お空に鳥さんみたいなお雲があるよ！ (Ano ne, osora ni torisan mitai na okumo ga aru yo!)"
"この服、ちょっと子供っぽい。 (Kono fuku, chotto kodomoppoi.)"
Curiosidade
The particle ～よう (yō) is versatile and can indicate a variety of meanings depending on context, such as resemblance, purpose, or a volitional suggestion. It's often paired with other particles like に (ni) or な (na) to form different grammatical structures.
Nível de dificuldade
Contextual understanding of multiple meanings.
Proper usage depending on desired nuance.
Correct intonation and natural phrasing.
Distinguishing between different implications.
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Gramática essencial
「～よう」 can be used to express a guess or conjecture based on observation. It often translates to 'seem' or 'look like'.
彼が幸せなようだ。 (He seems happy.)
When directly following a plain form verb, 「～ように」 indicates a purpose or goal, often translating to 'in order to' or 'so that'.
日本語を話せるように、毎日勉強しています。 (I study every day in order to be able to speak Japanese.)
「～ように」 can also be used to make a request or suggestion in a softer, indirect way.
もっと早く来るようにお願いします。 (Please try to come earlier.)
When used with a noun and 「の」, 「～のようだ」 can mean 'like' or 'similar to'.
彼は子供のようだ。 (He is like a child.)
「～よう」 can also be used with verbs to express an intention or volition, particularly when asking for confirmation or expressing a decision.
明日行こうか。 (Shall we go tomorrow?)
Exemplos por nível
これは夢のようです。
This is like a dream.
Using 'よう' to express 'like' or 'as if'.
彼は忙しいようです。
He seems busy.
Using 'よう' to express 'seem' or 'appear'.
電車に間に合うように、急ぎましょう。
Let's hurry in order to catch the train.
Using 'ように' to express purpose or 'in order to'.
早く寝るように。
Go to bed early. (Instruction)
Using 'ように' for a gentle command or request.
彼が来るようです。
It seems he is coming.
Using 'よう' to express probability or expectation.
雨が降るようです。
It looks like it will rain.
Using 'よう' to express a prediction based on observation.
健康であるように、野菜を食べましょう。
Let's eat vegetables so that we are healthy.
Using 'ように' to express a desired outcome or goal.
先生のように日本語を話したいです。
I want to speak Japanese like a teacher.
Using 'ように' to express 'like' or 'as' in comparison.
これは夢のようです。
This is like a dream.
〜のようです (no yō desu) is a common way to say 'it seems like...'
彼は疲れているようだ。
He seems tired.
〜ようだ (yō da) is used to express a conjecture based on observation.
電車に間に合うように急いだ。
I hurried in order to catch the train.
〜ように (yō ni) is used to express a purpose or goal.
風邪をひかないように気をつけてください。
Please be careful not to catch a cold.
〜ないように (nai yō ni) means 'in order not to' or 'so that... not'.
説明書をよく読むように。
Read the instructions carefully (command).
〜ように (yō ni) can be used to give a gentle command or request.
彼は日本人であるかのように日本語を話す。
He speaks Japanese as if he were Japanese.
〜かのように (ka no yō ni) means 'as if' or 'as though'.
子供たちが喜ぶようにプレゼントを買った。
I bought presents so that the children would be happy.
〜ように (yō ni) expresses the purpose of an action.
明日は雨が降るようです。
It looks like it will rain tomorrow.
〜ようです (yō desu) can be used to express an expectation or prediction based on information.
間に合うように急いでください。
Hurry up so you can make it in time.
風邪をひかないように、暖かくしてくださいね。
Please stay warm so you don't catch a cold.
子供が目を覚まさないように、静かに部屋を出た。
I quietly left the room so the child wouldn't wake up.
誰かに見られないように、こっそり行動した。
I acted secretly so no one would see me.
彼はそのニュースを聞いて、とても驚いたようだ。
He seems to have been very surprised to hear that news.
どうやら彼はこの状況を理解しているようだ。
It seems he understands this situation.
明日は雨が降るようだ。
It looks like it will rain tomorrow.
これは夢だったかのようだ。
It was as if this was a dream.
これは夢のようです。
This is like a dream.
〜のよう (like, similar to) when preceding a noun.
彼は疲れているようだ。
He seems tired.
〜ようだ (it seems that) when expressing a conjecture or impression based on observation. Use with plain form verbs, い-adjectives, な-adjectives (with な), and nouns (with の).
間に合うように急いだ。
I hurried in order to be on time.
〜ように (in order to, so that) to express purpose or goal. Often used with potential forms or verbs expressing a change of state.
誰もいないかのように静かだった。
It was quiet as if no one was there.
〜かのように (as if) to express something that appears to be true but might not be.
風が強いようだから、傘を持っていこう。
Since the wind seems strong, let's take an umbrella.
Combines 〜ようだ with から to give a reason based on appearance.
日本語が話せるように毎日練習している。
I practice every day so that I can speak Japanese.
〜ように (in order to, so that) expressing a desired outcome or ability.
まるで時間が止まったかのようだった。
It was as if time had stopped.
まるで〜かのよう (as if) emphasizes the hypothetical or imaginary nature.
この本は辞書のように使える。
This book can be used like a dictionary.
〜のように (like, similar to) when modifying a verb.
まるで夢のようだった。
It was like a dream.
夢のよう: like a dream
彼が来るのを待つばかりのようだ。
It seems we can only wait for him to come.
ばかりのようだ: seems like the only thing to do
彼は何も知らないかのように振る舞った。
He acted as if he knew nothing.
知らないかのように: as if he didn't know
成功するために、一生懸命努力した。
I worked hard in order to succeed.
成功するために: in order to succeed
皆が理解できるように、ゆっくり話してください。
Please speak slowly so that everyone can understand.
理解できるように: so that everyone can understand
新しいプロジェクトを始めるために、準備を進めている。
We are preparing in order to start a new project.
始めるために: in order to start
まるで嵐が来るかのような空模様だ。
The sky looks as if a storm is coming.
来るかのような: as if it's coming
早く病気が治るように、毎日薬を飲んでいる。
I take medicine every day so that my illness will get better quickly.
治るように: so that it gets better
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
彼は忙しいようです。
He seems busy.
子供のように遊ぶ。
Play like a child.
夢のような話。
A dream-like story.
さあ、始めよう！
Come on, let's start!
何か食べようか？
Shall we eat something?
一緒に映画を見に行こう。
Let's go watch a movie together.
医師になろうと決めた。
I decided to become a doctor.
もっと良い方法を考えよう。
Let's think of a better way.
この問題について話そう。
Let's talk about this problem.
彼が来るようです。
It seems he is coming.
Frequentemente confundido com
More colloquial, often used for subjective resemblance.
Expresses appearance based on direct observation or conveying heard information.
Directly states purpose or goal.
Padrões gramaticais
Expressões idiomáticas
"～のようです (～no you desu)"
It seems like...
雨が降っているようです。(Ame ga futte iru you desu.) - It seems like it's raining.
neutral"～のように (～no you ni)"
Like; as if; in the same way as
彼女は歌姫のように歌います。(Kanojo wa utahime no you ni utaimasu.) - She sings like a diva.
neutral"～のような (～no you na)"
A type of...; similar to...
彼のような人は珍しいです。(Kare no you na hito wa mezurashii desu.) - A person like him is rare.
neutral"～ようとする (～you to suru)"
To try to do; to be about to do
電車が出ようとしています。(Densha ga deyou to shite imasu.) - The train is about to depart.
neutral"～ように言う (～you ni iu)"
To tell (someone) to do (something)
先生は宿題をするように言いました。(Sensei wa shukudai o suru you ni iimashita.) - The teacher told us to do our homework.
neutral"～ようになる (～you ni naru)"
To become able to do; to come to do
日本語が話せるようになりました。(Nihongo ga hanaseru you ni narimashita.) - I've become able to speak Japanese.
neutral"～ようにする (～you ni suru)"
To make an effort to do; to try to ensure that
毎日、運動するようにしています。(Mainichi, undou suru you ni shite imasu.) - I try to exercise every day.
neutral"～ないように (～nai you ni)"
In order not to; so that... not
遅れないように、早く出かけました。(Okurenai you ni, hayaku dekakemashita.) - I left early so that I wouldn't be late.
neutral"～ように祈る (～you ni inoru)"
To pray that...
皆が幸せになるように祈ります。(Minna ga shiawase ni naru you ni inorimasu.) - I pray that everyone will be happy.
neutral"～ということのようです (～to iu koto no you desu)"
It seems that...
彼は来ないということのようです。(Kare wa konai to iu koto no you desu.) - It seems that he's not coming.
neutralFácil de confundir
This particle has multiple meanings, and its usage can change depending on context and what it's attached to. Learners often mix up its various functions.
It can express appearance/likelihood (like, seem), purpose (in order to), or volition (let's, shall we). The key is to look at the grammatical structure it's part of.
雨が降りそうだ。 (It looks like it's going to rain.) - expressing likelihood 日本語を勉強するように、毎日練習しています。 (I practice every day in order to study Japanese.) - expressing purpose 映画を見よう。 (Let's watch a movie.) - expressing volition
Similar to ～よう, ～みたい also expresses resemblance or appearance, leading to confusion about when to use which.
～みたい is more colloquial and generally used when something resembles something else, or when expressing a subjective impression. ～よう can be more formal and has a wider range of uses.
彼女はモデルみたいだ。 (She's like a model.) - expressing resemblance 今日は冬みたいに寒い。 (It's cold like winter today.) - expressing resemblance
This suffix also expresses appearance or likelihood, making it tricky to differentiate from ～よう when they both convey a 'seem' or 'look like' meaning.
～そうだ is used for expressing what 'appears' to be the case based on direct observation or sensory information. ～よう often implies a more general impression or a guess. ～そうだ can also mean 'I heard that...', which is a completely different usage.
このケーキはおいしそうだ。 (This cake looks delicious.) - based on observation ニュースによると、台風が近づいているそうだ。 (According to the news, a typhoon is approaching.) - conveying information heard
Both ～よう and ～ために can express purpose ('in order to'), causing confusion when choosing between them.
～ために directly states the purpose or goal of an action. ～よう is used with verbs in their volitional form (～う/よう) to express an intention or desire to achieve something, often with another verb indicating the action taken to achieve that intention. ～ために can be used with both positive and negative goals, while ～よう is more focused on positive intentions.
健康のために、毎日運動する。 (I exercise every day for my health.) - stating purpose 試験に合格するために、一生懸命勉強した。 (I studied hard in order to pass the exam.) - stating purpose
This is the conjunctive form of ～よう and can be particularly confusing because it combines the different meanings of ～よう into a more complex grammatical structure.
When used in this form, it can mean 'so that', 'in such a way that', or 'as if'. It's often used to connect a desired state or outcome to an action.
遅れないように、早く家を出た。 (I left home early so that I wouldn't be late.) - expressing a desired outcome 先生のように日本語が話したい。 (I want to speak Japanese like my teacher.) - expressing a desired manner
Padrões de frases
Verb-dictionary form + ようとする (yō to suru)
Verb-volitional form + と思う (to omou)
Noun + の + ような (no yō na)
Noun + の + ように (no yō ni)
Verb-plain form + ようだ (yō da)
い-adjective + ようだ (yō da)
な-adjective + の + ようだ (no yō da)
Verb-volitional form + (よ)う + か (yō ka)
Como usar
HTML
HTML
Memorize
Mnemônico
Think of 'YOU seem' like this. The 'you' sounds like ～よう. So, when something 'seems' a certain way, 'YOU' are using ～よう. For 'in order to', imagine someone saying 'YOU must do this in order to achieve that.'
Associação visual
For 'like/seem', picture a chameleon changing its color to 'seem' like its surroundings. The chameleon is saying 'よう!' For 'in order to', imagine a path or a goal, and a sign pointing towards it saying 'よう!'
Word Web
Desafio
Try to rephrase sentences using ～みたい with ～よう. For example, instead of '彼は学生みたいだ' (Kare wa gakusei mitai da - He's like a student), say '彼は学生のようです' (Kare wa gakusei no you desu - He seems to be a student). Then, create three new sentences, one for each meaning of ～よう, describing something you want to achieve (purpose) and something that 'seems' a certain way.
Origem da palavra
From Classical Japanese よう (yau).
Significado original: Appearance; manner.
Japonic.Contexto cultural
When Japanese people use ～よう (yō) to express 'seem' or 'like,' it often reflects a cultural tendency towards indirectness and politeness. Instead of stating something as a definite fact, using ～よう (yō) softens the statement, indicating an observation or an assumption rather than an absolute truth. This can be seen in phrases like ～のようです (no yō desu, 'it seems like...'), which is a common way to express opinions or observations without being overly assertive. It's a way of inviting agreement or acknowledging that one's perception might not be the complete picture.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Expressing appearance or conjecture (looks like, seems like)
- 雨が降るようです。(It looks like it will rain.)
- 彼は忙しいようです。(He seems busy.)
- これは美味しいようです。(This looks delicious.)
Expressing purpose (in order to, so that)
- 日本語を勉強するように、毎日練習しています。(I practice every day in order to study Japanese.)
- 遅れないように、早く出発しました。(I left early so that I wouldn't be late.)
- 風邪を引かないように、暖かくしてください。(Please keep warm so you don't catch a cold.)
Making suggestions or requests (Let's..., Please try to...)
- 一緒に映画を見ましょう。(Let's watch a movie together.)
- もっと野菜を食べるようにしてください。(Please try to eat more vegetables.)
- 忘れないように、メモを取りましょう。(Let's take a memo so we don't forget.)
Comparing or giving examples (like, as if)
- 彼女はモデルのように美しい。(She is beautiful like a model.)
- 子供のように遊ぶ。(Play like a child.)
- まるで夢のようです。(It's like a dream.)
Explaining how something is done or meant to be done
- このボタンを押すように指示されました。(I was instructed to push this button.)
- 彼は言われたように、静かにしていました。(He was quiet as he was told.)
- このように使います。(You use it like this.)
Iniciadores de conversa
"最近、何か新しいことを始めるようにしていますか？ (Have you been trying to start anything new recently?)"
"今週末、何か楽しいことをする予定はありますか？ (Do you have any plans to do something fun this weekend?)"
"友達に何か贈り物をするようです。(It looks like you're giving a gift to a friend.)"
"どんな時に「～ように」を使いますか？ (When do you use "~you ni"?)"
"最近、何か感動したことはありますか？ (Have you been moved by anything recently?)"
Temas para diário
今日、一日をどのように過ごそうと考えていますか？ (How are you thinking of spending your day today?)
将来、どんな人になりたいですか？具体的に書くようにしてください。 (What kind of person do you want to be in the future? Please write specifically.)
最近、誰かのために何か良いことをしたことはありますか？ (Have you done anything good for anyone recently?)
あなたが毎日続けている習慣は何ですか？ (What habits do you continue every day?)
もしあなたが鳥のように空を飛べるとしたら、何をしたいですか？ (If you could fly in the sky like a bird, what would you want to do?)
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasBoth mean "like" or "seem," but ～よう (you) is more formal and objective, while ～みたい (mitai) is more casual and subjective. Think of ～よう as 'it seems that...' and ～みたい as 'it looks like...'.
Examples:
それは夢のようです。(Sore wa yume no you desu.) - That seems like a dream. (Formal, objective)
それは夢みたいだ。(Sore wa yume mitai da.) - That looks like a dream. (Casual, subjective)
You can use ～ように (you ni) to express a purpose or goal, often translated as "in order to" or "so that." It typically follows the plain form of a verb.
Examples:
日本語が話せるようになるために、毎日勉強しています。(Nihongo ga hanaseru you ni naru tame ni, mainichi benkyou shiteimasu.) - I study every day in order to be able to speak Japanese.
風邪をひかないように、暖かくしてください。(Kaze wo hikanai you ni, atatakaku shite kudasai.) - Please stay warm so that you don't catch a cold.
Yes, ～のよう (no you) is used with nouns, and ～であるよう (de aru you) or ～なよう (na you) can be used with adjectives.
Examples:
彼は子供のようだ。(Kare wa kodomo no you da.) - He is like a child.
まるで魔法のようだ。(Marude mahou no you da.) - It's just like magic.
彼は元気なようだ。(Kare wa genki na you da.) - He seems healthy.
～ように言う (you ni iu) is used to tell or instruct someone to do something, often translated as "tell someone to do..." or "ask someone to do...".
Example:
先生は私に宿題をするように言いました。(Sensei wa watashi ni shukudai wo suru you ni iimashita.) - The teacher told me to do my homework.
～ようにする (you ni suru) means "to try to do," "to make an effort to do," or "to make sure to do." It indicates an effort or a habit.
Examples:
毎日運動するようにしています。(Mainichi undou suru you ni shiteimasu.) - I try to exercise every day.
遅刻しないようにします。(Chikoku shinai you ni shimasu.) - I will make sure not to be late.
～ようがない (you ga nai) means "there's no way to do X" or "it's impossible to do X." It emphasizes the impossibility or lack of means.
Example:
説明しようがない。(Setsumei shiyou ga nai.) - There's no way to explain it.
Yes, but with caution. When used at the end of a sentence with a volitional verb, ～よう (you) can sound like a strong suggestion or even a command, especially to oneself or a close peer. For a more polite suggestion to others, you'd usually use ～ましょう (mashou).
Example:
よし、やろう！(Yoshi, yarou!) - Alright, let's do it! (Strong suggestion/self-command)
When expressing "it doesn't seem like" or "it doesn't appear that," you use ～ないよう (nai you). For a purpose, it's ～ないように (nai you ni).
Examples:
彼は知らないようだ。(Kare wa shiranai you da.) - He doesn't seem to know.
忘れないようにメモしました。(Wasurenai you ni memo shimashita.) - I made a note so I wouldn't forget.
When used with ～のような (no you na) or ～のように (no you ni), it creates a comparison, meaning "like a..." or "as if...".
Examples:
彼は子供のような笑顔だ。(Kare wa kodomo no you na egao da.) - He has a child-like smile.
彼は風のように速く走った。(Kare wa kaze no you ni hayaku hashitta.) - He ran as fast as the wind.
Yes, several! Here are a few:
～ように (you ni) - as, like (e.g., ご存知のように (gozonji no you ni) - as you know)
～であろう (de arou) - it is likely that (formal)
～のではないだろうか (no de wa nai darou ka) - I wonder if... (softens an assertion)
～かのように (ka no you ni) - as if, as though (e.g., 彼は何事もなかったかのように話した (Kare wa nanigoto mo nakatta ka no you ni hanashita) - He spoke as if nothing had happened.)
Teste-se 114 perguntas
What does the speaker think something looks like?
What is the speaker's assumption about the person?
Why does the speaker use a dictionary daily?
Read this aloud:
あの人は学生のようです。
Focus: よう
Você disse:
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Read this aloud:
健康になるために、野菜を食べます。
Focus: ために
Você disse:
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Read this aloud:
雨が降るようです。
Focus: よう
Você disse:
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Write a short sentence saying you want to become strong, using ～よう (like/seem/in order to).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私は強くなろうと思います。 (I think I want to become strong.)
Write a sentence saying 'Let's eat lunch.' using ～よう.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
昼ごはんを食べよう。 (Let's eat lunch.)
Write a sentence saying 'It looks like rain.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
雨が降りそうだ。 (It looks like rain.)
What does B suggest?
Read this passage:
A: このケーキ、おいしそうだね。 B: うん、食べよう。
What does B suggest?
〜よう is used to express a suggestion or intention. 食べよう means 'let's eat.'
〜よう is used to express a suggestion or intention. 食べよう means 'let's eat.'
How is the child?
Read this passage:
子供は眠そうにしている。
How is the child?
〜そうにしている means 'seems to be (doing something)'. 眠そう means 'looks sleepy'.
〜そうにしている means 'seems to be (doing something)'. 眠そう means 'looks sleepy'.
What does A suggest?
Read this passage:
A: 早く行こう。 B: はい。
What does A suggest?
早く means 'quickly' and 行こう is the volitional form of 行く (to go), meaning 'let's go'.
早く means 'quickly' and 行こう is the volitional form of 行く (to go), meaning 'let's go'.
'これ' (kore) means 'this', '美味しい' (oishii) means 'delicious', 'そう' (sou) means 'seems/looks', and 'です' (desu) is a polite ending. So, 'This looks delicious.'
'雨' (ame) means 'rain', 'が' (ga) is a subject particle, '降る' (furu) means 'to fall/rain', and 'よう' (you) means 'it seems'. So, 'It seems like it will rain.'
'彼' (kare) means 'he', 'は' (wa) is a topic particle, '学生' (gakusei) means 'student', 'の' (no) is a possessive particle (or used with nouns before よう), and 'よう' (you) means 'seems'. So, 'He seems like a student.'
This is like a dream.
It looks like it will rain.
I go to school every day in order to study Japanese.
Read this aloud:
彼女はとても忙しいようです。
Focus: ようです
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
私は健康になるために野菜を食べます。
Focus: なるために
Você disse:
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Read this aloud:
この本は面白そうです。
Focus: 面白そうです
Você disse:
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You want to say that something 'looks delicious.' How would you write this in Japanese using ～よう?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
おいしそうです。
You are describing that someone 'seems busy.' Write this in Japanese using ～よう.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
いそがしそうです。
Imagine you are trying to say 'It looks like it will rain.' How would you phrase this in Japanese using ～よう?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
雨が降りそうです。
What does person A think about 'あの人' (that person)?
Read this passage:
A: あの人、疲れているようです。 B: ええ、きのうも遅くまで仕事をしていたと言っていました。
What does person A think about 'あの人' (that person)?
The phrase '疲れているようです' means 'looks tired.'
The phrase '疲れているようです' means 'looks tired.'
What does the speaker suggest about 'この本' (this book)?
Read this passage:
この本は面白そうです。読んでみませんか？
What does the speaker suggest about 'この本' (this book)?
The phrase '面白そうです' means 'looks interesting.'
The phrase '面白そうです' means 'looks interesting.'
Why does it seem like he went to Japan?
Read this passage:
彼は日本語を勉強するために日本へ行ったようです。
Why does it seem like he went to Japan?
The phrase '日本語を勉強するために' indicates the purpose 'in order to study Japanese.'
The phrase '日本語を勉強するために' indicates the purpose 'in order to study Japanese.'
This sentence means 'Let's hurry so that we can be on time.' The particle 'ように' expresses purpose.
This sentence means 'I study every day so that I can speak Japanese.' 'ように' indicates the goal.
This sentence means 'Please keep warm so that you don't catch a cold.' 'ように' expresses a negative purpose.
彼女はまるで女王であるかの___見えます。
The particle 'よう' is used here to mean 'like' or 'as if', indicating that she appears to be a queen.
このケーキは、見た目がとても美味しそう___。
'～そう' is often followed by 'だ' or 'です' when expressing an appearance or conjecture. Here, it means 'looks delicious'.
雨が降る___、傘を持って行った方がいいでしょう。
In this context, '～よう' means 'it seems' or 'it looks like', indicating the likelihood of rain.
彼は成功する___、毎日一生懸命勉強しています。
Here, '～よう' means 'in order to' or 'so that', expressing the purpose of his hard study.
子供たちが喜ぶ___、プレゼントをたくさん用意しました。
'～よう' is used to indicate the purpose, meaning 'so that the children would be happy'.
試験に合格する___、もっと頑張る必要があります。
This usage of '～よう' conveys the meaning 'in order to pass the exam'.
Choose the best particle: 今日は暖かくて、春が来た___だね。
～ようだ (like; seem) is used to express a personal conjecture based on what one sees or feels.
Select the correct particle usage: 彼は忙しい___なので、連絡が取れない。
～ようだ can also mean 'it seems that...' or 'it looks like...'. In this context, it implies that it seems he is busy.
Which option completes the sentence: 早く寝る___、明日の試験に備えよう。
～ように (in order to) indicates purpose. '早く寝るように' means 'in order to sleep early'.
「彼が来るようだ」means 'He seems to be coming.'
～ようだ is used to express conjecture, often translated as 'seem' or 'look like'.
「日本語を勉強するように」means 'Study Japanese like it's a game.'
「日本語を勉強するように」means 'in order to study Japanese' or 'so that you can study Japanese'. It expresses purpose, not comparison.
You can use 「～よう」to express a command or suggestion, as in 「食べよう！」(Let's eat!).
The volitional form of verbs, which ends in 「～よう」or 「～おう」, is used to express intention, suggestion, or command.
What does 'よう' mean in the context of 'dream'?
The speaker wants someone to hurry for a specific reason. What is it?
What is the speaker observing about 'him'?
Read this aloud:
日本語が上手になるように、毎日練習しています。
Focus: ni-hon-go ga jo-zu ni na-ru yo-u-ni, mai-nichi ren-shu-u shi-te i-masu.
Você disse:
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Read this aloud:
まるで雪のようです。
Focus: ma-ru-de yu-ki no yo-u desu.
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
雨が降るようです。
Focus: a-me ga fu-ru yo-u desu.
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You want to say that something 'seems' or 'looks like' a good idea. How would you use '～よう' in a sentence to express this? Write a sentence in Japanese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
それは良いアイデアのようです。 (It seems like a good idea.)
You are explaining why you are studying Japanese – in order to travel to Japan. Write a sentence using '～よう' to express this purpose.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
日本へ旅行できるように、日本語を勉強しています。 (I am studying Japanese in order to be able to travel to Japan.)
You want to say that someone looks like they are busy. Write a sentence in Japanese using '～よう'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼（彼女）は忙しいようです。 (He/She seems busy.)
この文で「～ように」が表している意味は何ですか？ (What meaning does '～ように' express in this sentence?)
Read this passage:
彼はいつも早く起きるようにしています。朝食を食べるために。 (He always tries to wake up early. In order to eat breakfast.)
この文で「～ように」が表している意味は何ですか？ (What meaning does '～ように' express in this sentence?)
「～ように」は、目的や目標を表すためによく使われます。 (～ように is often used to express purpose or goal.)
「～ように」は、目的や目標を表すためによく使われます。 (～ように is often used to express purpose or goal.)
この文で「～ようです」が表している意味は何ですか？ (What meaning does '～ようです' express in this sentence?)
Read this passage:
雨が降るようです。傘を持って行きましょう。 (It looks like it will rain. Let's take an umbrella.)
この文で「～ようです」が表している意味は何ですか？ (What meaning does '～ようです' express in this sentence?)
「～ようです」は、話し手の推測や見た目からの判断を表します。 (～ようです expresses the speaker's conjecture or judgment based on appearance.)
「～ようです」は、話し手の推測や見た目からの判断を表します。 (～ようです expresses the speaker's conjecture or judgment based on appearance.)
この文の「新しい仕事を見つけるために」の部分で、何が述べられていますか？ (In the part '新しい仕事を見つけるために' of this sentence, what is being stated?)
Read this passage:
新しい仕事を見つけるために、毎日新聞を読んでいます。 (I am reading the newspaper everyday in order to find a new job.)
この文の「新しい仕事を見つけるために」の部分で、何が述べられていますか？ (In the part '新しい仕事を見つけるために' of this sentence, what is being stated?)
「～ために」は「～ように」と同様に、行動の目的を表す表現です。 (～ために, similar to ～ように, is an expression that indicates the purpose of an action.)
「～ために」は「～ように」と同様に、行動の目的を表す表現です。 (～ために, similar to ～ように, is an expression that indicates the purpose of an action.)
This is like a dream, isn't it?
He seems tired.
Let's hurry in order to be on time.
Read this aloud:
彼女はまるで天使のようでした。
Focus: ようでした (yō deshita)
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
早く帰れるように、仕事を終わらせます。
Focus: 帰れるように (kaereru yō ni)
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
何か問題があったようです。
Focus: あったようです (atta yō desu)
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence means 'He seems tired.' The particle よう (yō) indicates appearance or likelihood.
This sentence means 'I left home early in order to arrive quickly.' よう (yō) combined with に (ni) expresses purpose.
This sentence means 'It was as if I was dreaming.' まるで (marude) often precedes よう (yō) to emphasize a strong resemblance or comparison.
彼女は忙しい___で、ランチに行けない。
「～よう」は推量を表し、「～のようだ」と同じ意味で使われます。ここでは「忙しいようだ」で自然な文になります。
パーティーに間に合う___、急ぎましょう。
「～ように」は目的を表し、「～するために」という意味で使われます。ここでは「間に合うために」で文が成り立ちます。
彼はいつも自信がある___に見える。
「～ように見える」は様態を表し、「～のように見える」という意味で使われます。ここでは「自信があるように見える」が自然です。
風邪をひかない___、暖かくしてください。
「～ように」は願望や忠告を表し、「～しないように」で「～しないことを願って」や「～しないために」という意味になります。
早く日本語が話せる___、毎日勉強しています。
「～ように」は目的を表し、「～できるように」で「～することを目的として」という意味になります。
明日は雨が降る___です。
「～ようだ」は推量を表し、「～そうである」という意味で使われます。ここでは「雨が降るようだ」が自然です。
It was like a dream.
He acts as if he were a doctor.
I will study hard in order to pass the exam.
Read this aloud:
まるで雪のようだった。
Focus: よう (yō)
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
彼女は歌手のようには歌わない。
Focus: ように (yō ni)
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
日本語が話せるようになりたい。
Focus: ようになる (yō ni naru)
Você disse:
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Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) about a time you tried something new 'in order to' achieve a goal. Use the particle '～よう' at least once in this sense. For example, '健康になれるよう、毎日運動を始めた。' (I started exercising every day in order to become healthy.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
新しいスキルを習得できるよう、毎週オンラインコースを受けています。最初は難しかったですが、目標達成のためには努力が必要だと感じています。将来のキャリアに役立つように、これからも頑張ります。
Imagine you are describing a scene where something 'seems' to be happening. Write two sentences using '～よう' in this sense, providing hints about the situation without directly stating it. For example, '空が暗くなり、雨が降りそうに見える。' (The sky is getting dark, it seems like it will rain.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼の顔色が悪いので、体調が良くないようです。昨晩はあまり眠れなかったように見えます。
You are giving advice to a friend who wants to improve their Japanese. Write a sentence using '～よう' in the sense of 'like' or 'as if', comparing their current situation to something positive they could achieve. For example, 'もっと日本語を話せるようになりたいなら、日本人の友達を作るのが良いよ。' (If you want to be able to speak Japanese more, it's good to make Japanese friends.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
日本語がもっと流暢に話せるよう、毎日練習することが大切です。まるでネイティブスピーカーのように自然に話せる日が来ることを目指しましょう。
この文章から、彼の努力は最終的にどうなったと推測できますか？
Read this passage:
彼は試験に合格できるよう、毎日遅くまで勉強しました。しかし、結果は思わしくありませんでした。まるで夢が破れたかのように、彼は深く失望しました。
この文章から、彼の努力は最終的にどうなったと推測できますか？
「結果は思わしくありませんでした」とあるため、試験に不合格だったことが推測できます。
「結果は思わしくありませんでした」とあるため、試験に不合格だったことが推測できます。
彼女が若々しく見える理由は主に何ですか？
Read this passage:
彼女は健康を維持できるよう、食事に気を使い、定期的に運動しています。その努力の甲斐あってか、彼女はいつも若々しく見えるようです。
彼女が若々しく見える理由は主に何ですか？
「食事に気を使い、定期的に運動しています。その努力の甲斐あってか、彼女はいつも若々しく見えるようです」という記述から、食事と運動が理由であることがわかります。
「食事に気を使い、定期的に運動しています。その努力の甲斐あってか、彼女はいつも若々しく見えるようです」という記述から、食事と運動が理由であることがわかります。
開発者たちがAIの機能を向上させようとしている主な目的は何ですか？
Read this passage:
このソフトウェアは、まるで人間の知能を持っているかのように、複雑な問題を解決できます。開発者たちは、ユーザーがより効率的に作業できるよう、AIの機能をさらに向上させようと努力しています。
開発者たちがAIの機能を向上させようとしている主な目的は何ですか？
「ユーザーがより効率的に作業できるよう、AIの機能をさらに向上させようと努力しています」という記述から、この目的が分かります。
「ユーザーがより効率的に作業できるよう、AIの機能をさらに向上させようと努力しています」という記述から、この目的が分かります。
This sentence uses 'かのよう' to express 'as if he were a ghost', indicating an appearance like a ghost.
Here, 'かのよう' is used to describe a dream 'as if she travels the world', conveying a grand aspiration.
This sentence uses 'かのよう' to express that 'the painting looked as if it were alive', giving a vivid description.
It was like a dream.
I was told to wait for him to come.
Please stay warm so you don't catch a cold.
Read this aloud:
まるで魔法のようだ。
Focus: ようだ (you da)
Você disse:
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Read this aloud:
遅れないように急いでください。
Focus: ～ないように (nai you ni)
Você disse:
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Read this aloud:
彼女はとても疲れているようだ。
Focus: ようだ (you da)
Você disse:
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Write a short paragraph about a future goal you have, using '～よう' at least once to express your intention or effort towards achieving it.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
将来、私は国際的な仕事に就こうと思っています。そのためには、毎日日本語の勉強を続けようと決心しています。また、多くの文化に触れるよう努力しています。
Describe a hypothetical situation where you tried to convince someone to do something, using '～よう' to express your attempt or suggestion.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
友人が新しい趣味を見つけられずに悩んでいたので、私は彼に絵を描いてみようと勧めてみました。最初は乗り気ではなかったけれど、一度試してみようと彼は言ってくれました。
Write a short reflection on a past event where something unexpected happened, using '～よう' to describe how things 'seemed' or 'appeared' at the time.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
あの時、全てがうまくいくように見えましたが、突然の予期せぬ出来事によって計画は変更を余儀なくされました。後から思えば、もっと慎重になるべきだったように思います。
この文章から読み取れる、科学者や各国政府の主な目的は何ですか？
Read this passage:
科学者たちは、地球温暖化の進行を遅らせようと、様々な技術開発に取り組んでいる。しかし、その効果が十分に現れるまでには、まだ長い道のりがあるように思われる。各国政府も、温室効果ガス排出量の削減に向けて、具体的な目標を設定しようとしている。
この文章から読み取れる、科学者や各国政府の主な目的は何ですか？
科学者は地球温暖化の進行を遅らせようとし、各国政府は温室効果ガス排出量削減を目指しています。
科学者は地球温暖化の進行を遅らせようとし、各国政府は温室効果ガス排出量削減を目指しています。
日本のアニメーションが世界で人気を集めている理由として、筆者が最も強調している点は何ですか？
Read this passage:
日本のアニメーションは、世界中で人気を集めるようになった。その成功の秘訣は、単に美しい絵や魅力的な物語だけでなく、視聴者の心を揺さぶる深いテーマやメッセージが込められているからだろう。多くのクリエイターたちが、より多くの人々に感動を与えようと日々努力を重ねている。
日本のアニメーションが世界で人気を集めている理由として、筆者が最も強調している点は何ですか？
筆者は「単に美しい絵や魅力的な物語だけでなく、視聴者の心を揺さぶる深いテーマやメッセージが込められているからだろう」と述べています。
筆者は「単に美しい絵や魅力的な物語だけでなく、視聴者の心を揺さぶる深いテーマやメッセージが込められているからだろう」と述べています。
現代社会における情報過多の状況について、筆者はどのような見方をしていると推測できますか？
Read this passage:
現代社会において、情報過多は避けて通れない問題となっている。人々は、膨大な情報の中から自分にとって本当に必要なものを見つけ出そうと奮闘している。企業もまた、消費者の注意を引きつけようと、様々なマーケティング戦略を展開しているが、その効果は必ずしも期待通りではないようだ。
現代社会における情報過多の状況について、筆者はどのような見方をしていると推測できますか？
人々は必要な情報を見つけ出そうと奮闘し、企業のマーケティング戦略も期待通りではないと述べられており、情報過多が困難な課題であることを示唆しています。
人々は必要な情報を見つけ出そうと奮闘し、企業のマーケティング戦略も期待通りではないと述べられており、情報過多が困難な課題であることを示唆しています。
This sentence means 'He appeared like a ghost.' The particle 'よう' is used here to indicate similarity.
This sentence means 'This problem seems difficult to solve.' The particle 'よう' indicates something appears to be true.
This sentence means 'It seems that effort is necessary for him to succeed.' 'よう' is used to express a conjecture.
/ 114 correct
Perfect score!
Conteúdo relacionado
Mais palavras de general
いくつか
B1An unspecified small number of things; some, a few.
ちょっと
A2A little; a moment; a bit. Small amount or short time.
すこし
A2A little; a few.
さっき
A2A little while ago; a short time past.
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
～について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
～ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
