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A1 adjective 6 min de leitura

sunkus

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas sunkus em 30 segundos

Explicação sunkus in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'sunkus' is introduced as a basic descriptive word. Learners focus on the most literal meanings: physical weight and simple task difficulty. You will learn to describe objects like 'sunkus krepšys' (a heavy bag) or 'sunki knyga' (a heavy book). You also learn the neuter form 'sunku' to express that something is not easy, such as 'Sunku mokytis' (It is hard to learn). The emphasis here is on basic nominative forms and understanding the difference between masculine and feminine endings. You will likely use it with the verb 'būti' (to be) in simple present tense sentences to communicate basic needs or observations about your environment. It is one of the first adjectives used to express personal struggle or physical limitation in a new language environment.

At A2, you begin to use 'sunkus' in more varied contexts and across more grammatical cases. You might describe a 'sunkus darbas' (hard job) or a 'sunki diena' (hard day). You start to use the comparative form 'sunkesnis' (heavier/harder) to compare two things, such as 'Šis lagaminas sunkesnis už tą' (This suitcase is heavier than that one). You also encounter 'sunkus' in the past and future tenses, allowing you to talk about experiences. You begin to understand that 'sunkus' can describe people's characters or the atmosphere of a room. Your vocabulary expands to include basic collocations like 'sunkus rytas' (a rough morning) or 'sunki užduotis' (a difficult task). The focus shifts toward integrating the word into functional daily conversations about work, health, and travel.

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By B1, you are expected to use 'sunkus' to describe more abstract concepts. You can discuss 'sunkūs sprendimai' (difficult decisions) or 'sunkūs laikai' (hard times) with relative ease. You understand the nuances of the word in professional settings, such as 'sunkus nusikaltimas' (a serious crime) or 'sunki liga' (a serious illness). You also begin to use the superlative form 'sunkiausias' (the hardest/heaviest) in complex sentences. At this level, you should be able to distinguish 'sunkus' from its synonyms like 'sudėtingas' (complex) based on the specific nuance you want to convey. You also start using the adverbial form 'sunkiai' (with difficulty) to describe how an action is performed, such as 'Jis sunkiai dirba' (He works hard) or 'Sunkiai kvėpuoti' (To breathe with difficulty).

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At the B2 level, 'sunkus' becomes a tool for nuanced expression in both formal and informal registers. You can use it idiomatically, such as 'sunkus akmuo nuo širdies nukrito' (a weight was lifted from my heart). You understand how 'sunkus' functions in specialized fields like law, medicine, and literature. You can describe the 'sunki pramonė' (heavy industry) or a 'sunkus charakteris' (a difficult personality) in detail. Your grammar is sophisticated enough to use 'sunkus' in all cases and numbers without hesitation, even in passive constructions or participial phrases. You also begin to recognize and use related verbs like 'apsunkinti' (to make something harder/heavier) or 'pasunkėti' (to become heavier/harder). You can argue about the 'sunkumas' (difficulty/heaviness) of social issues or political situations.

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At C1, your use of 'sunkus' is highly precise and contextually appropriate. You can use it to describe stylistic elements, such as 'sunkus stilius' (a heavy/dense literary style), or philosophical concepts. You are familiar with rare or archaic uses of the word in classical Lithuanian literature. You can use 'sunkus' in sophisticated rhetorical structures to emphasize the gravity of an argument. You understand the historical etymology of the word and its relationship to other Baltic and Indo-European roots. You can effortlessly switch between 'sunkus' and its many synonyms to achieve the exact tone required for academic papers, professional reports, or creative writing. You also master the use of the word in complex idiomatic expressions and metaphors that require a deep cultural understanding of Lithuanian history and mentality.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of 'sunkus' and all its derivatives. You can use the word to play with double meanings or puns in poetry and high-level discourse. You understand the subtlest connotations of the word in various dialects and historical periods. You can analyze the use of 'sunkus' in the works of major Lithuanian authors like Kristijonas Donelaitis or Maironis, noting how the concept of 'heaviness' relates to the Baltic worldview and peasant history. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, whether you are discussing 'sunkioji atletika' (heavy athletics/weightlifting) or the 'sunki būtis' (the heavy/difficult existence) in existentialist philosophy. You can use 'sunkus' to express irony, sarcasm, or profound empathy with absolute linguistic precision.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

sunkus em 30 segundos

Sunkus means heavy (weight) or difficult (effort).
It changes to 'sunki' for feminine nouns and 'sunku' for impersonal 'it is' sentences.
It is used for physical objects, tasks, exams, health, and crime.
The comparative is 'sunkesnis' and the superlative is 'sunkiausias'.

The Lithuanian word sunkus is a fundamental adjective that every learner must master early on. Primarily, it functions in two semantic domains: physical weight and cognitive or situational difficulty. When you are standing in a supermarket holding a bag full of potatoes, you would describe that bag as sunkus. Conversely, when you are staring at a complex mathematical equation or facing a grueling day at the office, the word sunkus remains your primary descriptor. This duality mirrors the English word 'heavy' in a physical sense and 'hard' or 'difficult' in a metaphorical sense.

Physical Mass: Used to describe objects that have significant weight. For example, furniture, stones, or leaden items.

Šis lagaminas yra labai sunkus, padėk man jį pakelti.

Complexity and Effort: Applied to tasks, exams, or languages that require immense mental or physical effort to complete or understand.

Beyond these core meanings, sunkus also touches upon the gravity of a situation. A 'sunkus nusikaltimas' is a serious crime, and a 'sunkus ligonis' is a severely ill patient. It conveys a sense of burden, whether that burden is literal, emotional, or legal. Understanding the nuances of this word allows learners to express frustration, describe physical reality, and discuss the severity of life's challenges with precision. It is a word that carries weight, both literally and figuratively, in the daily life of a Lithuanian speaker.

Man šiandien buvo labai sunki diena darbe.

Emotional Weight: Used to describe feelings of sorrow or the atmosphere of a somber event.

Mokytis lietuvių kalbos yra sunku, bet įdomu.

Using sunkus correctly requires an understanding of Lithuanian declension and gender agreement. Because it is an adjective, its ending changes based on the noun it describes. In the nominative case, you will most frequently encounter the masculine sunkus and the feminine sunki. When describing a general state without a specific noun, the neuter form sunku is used, often translated as 'it is difficult'.

Attributive Usage: Placing the adjective before the noun to describe a quality. 'Sunkus akmuo' (A heavy stone).

Jis neša sunkų krepšį namo.

Predicative Usage: Using the adjective after a linking verb like 'būti' (to be). 'Egzaminas buvo sunkus' (The exam was difficult).

When dealing with plural nouns, the forms become sunkūs (masculine) and sunkios (feminine). For example, 'sunkūs darbai' (hard jobs) or 'sunkios užduotys' (difficult tasks). The adjective also follows the case of the noun. If you are talking about something inside a heavy box, you would use the locative case: 'sunkioje dėžėje'. This versatility allows for nuanced descriptions across all sentence structures.

Mums reikia priimti sunkius sprendimus.

Degrees of Comparison: Comparative: sunkesnis (heavier/harder). Superlative: sunkiausias (heaviest/hardest).

Tai buvo sunkiausia mano gyvenimo diena.

In Lithuania, you will hear sunkus in a variety of everyday settings. In a logistical context, such as at the post office or an airport, staff might warn you about a sunkus siuntinys (heavy parcel). In educational settings, students frequently complain that a test was per sunkus (too difficult). It is a staple of news broadcasts when discussing economic downturns (sunkūs laikai) or serious legal matters.

Daily Chores: Commonly heard when moving furniture or carrying groceries. 'Ar šitas maišas tau ne per sunkus?' (Is this bag not too heavy for you?).

Šiandien kelyje buvo labai sunkios eismo sąlygos.

Medical Context: Doctors use it to describe the state of a patient's health. 'Ligonio būklė yra sunki' (The patient's condition is serious/grave).

In the workplace, sunkus is used to describe the nature of labor. 'Sunkus fizinis darbas' refers to manual labor that requires strength. In literature and film, it sets a mood of gravity or struggle. Whether you are navigating the streets of Vilnius or reading a Lithuanian novel, this word serves as a constant marker of weight and effort, reflecting the resilient and hardworking spirit often associated with Baltic culture.

Po sunkios darbo savaitės man reikia poilsio.

Sports and Fitness: Coaches often use it to describe intense training sessions. 'Šiandien laukia sunki treniruotė'.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is the confusion between sunkus and kietas. While English uses 'hard' for both physical rigidity (a hard rock) and difficulty (a hard test), Lithuanian distinguishes between them. Use kietas for things that are physically firm or solid to the touch, and sunkus for things that are difficult to do or heavy to lift.

Mistaking 'Hard' for 'Difficult': Incorrect: 'Šitas egzaminas yra kietas'. Correct: 'Šitas egzaminas yra sunkus'.

Ne kietas, o sunkus klausimas.

Impersonal 'It is': Learners often say 'Tai yra sunkus' when they mean 'It is difficult'. The correct form is the neuter 'Sunku'.

Another mistake involves gender agreement. Because many Lithuanian nouns end in '-as' (masculine) or '-a' (feminine), learners might forget that some nouns ending in '-is' are feminine (like 'naktis' - night). Saying 'sunkus naktis' instead of 'sunki naktis' (a hard night) is a common slip. Always double-check the gender of the noun you are modifying to ensure the adjective ending matches.

Man sunku suprasti šią taisyklę.

Overusing 'Labai': While 'labai sunkus' is correct, Lithuanians often use prefixes like 'apsunkintas' to show increased difficulty, which learners often ignore.

While sunkus is the go-to word, several alternatives can make your Lithuanian sound more precise and advanced. Depending on the context, you might want to emphasize the complexity of a task or the physical density of an object. Using synonyms effectively shows a deeper command of the language and its stylistic nuances.

Sudėtingas vs. Sunkus: 'Sudėtingas' means 'complex' or 'intricate'. Use it for systems, theories, or situations with many parts. 'Sunkus' is more about the effort required.

Tai yra sudėtinga techninė problema.

Varginantis: Meaning 'tiring' or 'exhausting'. Use this when 'sunkus' refers specifically to something that drains your energy.

For physical weight, you might use 'masyvus' (massive) to describe large furniture. For emotional weight, 'skaudus' (painful) or 'graudus' (tearful/sad) might be more appropriate than just saying a situation is 'sunki'. In academic writing, 'komplikuotas' is often used as a direct loanword for 'complicated'. Mastering these distinctions will help you avoid repetitive language and express yourself more vividly.

Šis klausimas yra gana komplikuotas.

Kietas: Physically hard. Use for bread that is stale or a rock. 'Kietas duonos gabalas'.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The Lithuanian word for 'truck' is 'sunkvežimis', which literally translates to 'heavy-carrier' (sunkus + vežti). This shows how the adjective is used to create modern technical vocabulary. It's a very logical language!

Guia de pronúncia

UK /sʊŋˈkʊs/

US /sʊŋˈkʊs/

The stress falls on the final syllable '-us'.

Rima com

Skaistus Skaidrus Salsvas (approx) Ramus Gražus Platus Saldus Garsus

Erros comuns

Pronouncing the 'u' as a long 'oo' like in 'moon'.
Putting the stress on the first syllable 'sun-'.
Missing the nasal quality of the 'n' before 'k'.
Confusing the pronunciation with the word 'sūnus' (son).
Pronouncing the final 's' too softly.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 1/5

The word is short and appears frequently in texts. Very easy to recognize.

Escrita 2/5

Requires knowledge of noun gender to get the endings right.

Expressão oral 2/5

Stress is on the second syllable, which can be tricky for beginners.

Audição 1/5

Distinctive 'k' and 's' sounds make it easy to hear in conversation.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

Yra (is) Darbas (work) Krepšys (bag) Diena (day) Labai (very)

Aprenda a seguir

Lengvas (easy/light) Sudėtingas (complex) Sunkumas (difficulty) Sunkiai (hardly) Kietas (hard/stiff)

Avançado

Apsunkinti Sunkmečio Sunkiaatletika Nepakeliamas Komplikuotas

Gramática essencial

Adjective-Noun Agreement

Sunkus (masc.) darbas vs. Sunki (fem.) užduotis.

Neuter for Impersonal Sentences

Sunku (neuter) suprasti (It is hard to understand).

Degrees of Comparison

Sunkus -> Sunkesnis -> Sunkiausias.

Accusative Singular Ending -ų/-ą

Aš keliu sunkų (acc.) akmenį.

Adverb Formation

Sunkus (adj) -> Sunkiai (adv).

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Exemplos por nível

Šis krepšys yra sunkus.

This bag is heavy.

Masculine singular nominative form.

Man sunku mokytis.

It is hard for me to study.

Neuter form used for impersonal expressions.

Ar ši dėžė sunki?

Is this box heavy?

Feminine singular nominative form matching 'dėžė'.

Tai sunkus klausimas.

That is a difficult question.

Masculine singular nominative form matching 'klausimas'.

Aš turiu sunkų darbą.

I have a hard job.

Accusative case 'sunkų' used as a direct object.

Knyga nėra sunki.

The book is not heavy.

Negative construction with feminine adjective.

Šis akmuo labai sunkus.

This stone is very heavy.

Adverb 'labai' modifying the adjective.

Ar tau sunku?

Is it hard for you?

Interrogative impersonal sentence with dative 'tau'.

Vakar buvo sunki diena.

Yesterday was a hard day.

Past tense 'buvo' with feminine nominative.

Šis pratimas sunkesnis už pirmąjį.

This exercise is harder than the first one.

Comparative degree 'sunkesnis'.

Mano lagaminai yra sunkūs.

My suitcases are heavy.

Masculine plural nominative form.

Mes gavome sunkias užduotis.

We received difficult tasks.

Feminine plural accusative form.

Ar sunku kalbėti lietuviškai?

Is it difficult to speak Lithuanian?

Neuter form followed by an infinitive verb.

Jis neša sunkų stalą.

He is carrying a heavy table.

Accusative masculine singular.

Šiandien bus sunkus egzaminas.

Today there will be a difficult exam.

Future tense 'bus' with masculine nominative.

Mano batai labai sunkūs.

My boots are very heavy.

Plural masculine nominative.

Tai buvo sunkiausias mano sprendimas.

That was my hardest decision.

Superlative degree 'sunkiausias'.

Ligonio būklė vis dar sunki.

The patient's condition is still serious.

Medical context for the word 'sunki'.

Mes gyvename sunkiais laikais.

We are living in difficult times.

Instrumental case plural 'sunkiais'.

Sunkiai dirbdamas jis pasiekė tikslą.

Working hard, he reached the goal.

Adverbial form 'sunkiai' used with a participle.

Ar tau sunku pripažinti klaidą?

Is it hard for you to admit a mistake?

Abstract usage of the neuter 'sunku'.

Šis nusikaltimas yra labai sunkus.

This crime is very serious.

Legal context meaning 'serious' or 'grave'.

Mokytojas skyrė sunkesnę temą.

The teacher assigned a harder topic.

Comparative feminine accusative 'sunkesnę'.

Ji turi sunkų charakterį.

She has a difficult character/personality.

Describing personality traits.

Nuo širdies nukrito sunkus akmuo.

A heavy stone fell from my heart (I feel relieved).

Idiomatic expression.

Sunkioji pramonė yra šalies pagrindas.

Heavy industry is the foundation of the country.

Economic term 'sunkioji pramonė' (definite form).

Jis sunkiai serga jau savaitę.

He has been seriously ill for a week.

Adverb 'sunkiai' used in a medical context.

Sunkus oras kambaryje trukdė susikaupti.

The heavy/stuffy air in the room hindered concentration.

Describing atmospheric conditions.

Tai sunki moralinė dilema.

This is a difficult moral dilemma.

Abstract philosophical usage.

Mums reikia sunkesnės ginkluotės.

We need heavier weaponry.

Genitive case 'sunkesnės' indicating need.

Sunkios eismo sąlygos sukėlė avariją.

Difficult traffic conditions caused the accident.

Describing environmental factors.

Jis yra sunkaus būdo žmogus.

He is a person of a difficult nature.

Genitive case phrase describing a person.

Šio rašytojo stilius yra itin sunkus.

This writer's style is extremely heavy/dense.

Stylistic critique.

Situaciją apsunkino netikėtas lietus.

The situation was made more difficult by unexpected rain.

Using the related verb 'apsunkinti'.

Tai sunkiai suvokiama tiesa.

This is a truth that is hard to grasp.

Adverbial usage with a passive participle.

Sunkiausia yra išlikti žmogumi.

The hardest part is to remain human.

Superlative neuter used as a noun phrase.

Jis gavo sunkią traumą varžybų metu.

He sustained a serious injury during the competition.

Medical/Sports context for 'serious'.

Sunkus metalas skambėjo visame name.

Heavy metal music rang throughout the house.

Musical genre 'sunkus metalas'.

Klausimas buvo sunkaus svorio kategorijos.

The question was of a 'heavyweight' category (metaphorically).

Metaphorical use of weight categories.

Sunkios mintys neduoda man ramybės.

Heavy thoughts give me no peace.

Describing mental state.

Būties sunkumas slegia kiekvieną sielą.

The heaviness of being weighs upon every soul.

Philosophical noun 'sunkumas'.

Tai buvo sunkiasvoris argumentas diskusijoje.

That was a heavyweight argument in the discussion.

Compound word 'sunkiasvoris' (heavyweight).

Sunkus žingsnis aidėjo tuščiame koridoriuje.

A heavy step echoed in the empty corridor.

Describing sound and physical presence.

Jos žodžiai buvo sunkūs kaip švinas.

Her words were heavy as lead.

Simile with 'švinas' (lead).

Sunkus nusivylimas apėmė visą tautą.

A heavy disappointment gripped the entire nation.

Collective emotional state.

Ši sritis reikalauja sunkaus intelektualinio įdirbio.

This field requires heavy intellectual groundwork.

Describing academic effort.

Sunkus kvapas tvyrojo sename rūsyje.

A heavy smell lingered in the old cellar.

Describing olfactory experience.

Mums teko sunki dalia ginti laisvę.

We had the difficult fate of defending freedom.

Cultural concept of 'dalia' (fate/lot).

Colocações comuns

Sunkus darbas

Sunki diena

Sunkus egzaminas

Sunki būklė

Sunkus nusikaltimas

Sunkus charakteris

Sunkioji pramonė

Sunkus lagaminas

Sunkus klausimas

Sunkus oras

Frases Comuns

Sunku pasakyti

— Used when you are unsure about an answer or prediction. It means 'It's hard to say'.

Sunku pasakyti, kada jis grįš.

Sunkus rytas

— Refers to a morning where one feels tired or unwell, often after a long night. It means 'A rough morning'.

Po vakarėlio laukė sunkus rytas.

Eiti sunkiu keliu

— To choose the more difficult method or lifestyle. It means 'To take the hard road'.

Jis visada renkasi eiti sunkiu keliu.

Sunkiai dirbti

— To put in a lot of effort. It means 'To work hard'.

Reikia sunkiai dirbti, kad pasiektum rezultatų.

Sunkus sprendimas

— A choice that is hard to make. It means 'A difficult decision'.

Tai buvo pats sunkiausias mano sprendimas.

Sunkūs laikai

— Periods of economic or personal hardship. It means 'Hard times'.

Dabar visiems sunkūs laikai.

Sunki užduotis

— A mission or job that requires effort. It means 'A difficult task'.

Tai buvo beveik neįmanoma, sunki užduotis.

Sunkus kvėpavimas

— Labored breathing due to illness or exertion. It means 'Heavy breathing'.

Girdėjosi jo sunkus kvėpavimas.

Sunkus metalas

— Refers to the music genre. It means 'Heavy metal'.

Mano brolis klauso sunkaus metalo.

Sunki ranka

— To be strict or physically strong/forceful. It means 'A heavy hand'.

Mokytojas turėjo sunkią ranką.

Frequentemente confundido com

sunkus vs Kietas

English 'hard' covers both, but Lithuanian 'kietas' is only for physical hardness (like a rock).

sunkus vs Stiprus

Means 'strong'. A person is 'stiprus', but the weight they lift is 'sunkus'.

sunkus vs Sūnus

Means 'son'. Sound similar but totally different meanings.

Expressões idiomáticas

"Akmuo nuo širdies nukrito"

— To feel a great sense of relief after a worry is gone. Literally: A stone fell from the heart.

Kai sužinojau tiesą, man akmuo nuo širdies nukrito.

Informal/Neutral

"Sunkus kaip žemė"

— Extremely heavy. Literally: Heavy as the earth.

Šitas maišas sunkus kaip žemė.

Informal

"Sunki galva"

— To feel groggy, tired, or unable to think clearly. Literally: Heavy head.

Po nemigo nakties mano galva sunki.

Neutral

"Sunkus būdas"

— To have a difficult, stubborn, or unfriendly personality. Literally: Heavy way/nature.

Su juo nebendrauju, nes jis sunkaus būdo.

Neutral

"Sunkiai verstis"

— To struggle financially or live in poverty. Literally: To turn over with difficulty.

Jie sunkiai verčiasi nuo algos iki algos.

Neutral

"Sunki koja"

— Used to describe a driver who speeds. Literally: Heavy foot.

Jis turi sunkią koją, todėl dažnai gauna baudų.

Informal

"Sunkus paukštis"

— Someone who is difficult to deal with or move. Literally: Heavy bird.

Mūsų viršininkas – sunkus paukštis.

Slang

"Sunkus kaip švinas"

— Very heavy, specifically used for limbs or eyelids when tired. Literally: Heavy as lead.

Mano kojos tapo sunkios kaip švinas.

Neutral

"Sunkiu darbu"

— Through great effort. Literally: By heavy work.

Viską pasiekiau tik sunkiu darbu.

Neutral

"Sunki nuodėmė"

— A very serious mistake or moral failing. Literally: Heavy sin.

Meluoti tėvams yra sunki nuodėmė.

Neutral/Religious

Fácil de confundir

sunkus vs Kietas

Both translate to 'hard' in English.

'Kietas' is physical rigidity. 'Sunkus' is physical weight or mental difficulty.

Kietas čiužinis (Hard mattress) vs. Sunkus egzaminas (Hard exam).

sunkus vs Sudėtingas

Both translate to 'difficult'.

'Sudėtingas' implies many components or complexity. 'Sunkus' implies effort or weight.

Sudėtinga formulė (Complex formula) vs. Sunkus fizinis darbas (Hard physical work).

sunkus vs Rimtas

Used for 'serious' situations.

'Rimtas' is used for personality or professional gravity. 'Sunkus' is for medical gravity or burden.

Rimtas žmogus (Serious person) vs. Sunkus ligonis (Seriously ill patient).

sunkus vs Sunkiai

Adverb vs Adjective.

'Sunkiai' describes how an action is done. 'Sunkus' describes a noun.

Jis sunkiai dirba (He works hard) vs. Jis turi sunkų darbą (He has a hard job).

sunkus vs Svoris

Related to weight.

'Svoris' is the noun 'weight'. 'Sunkus' is the adjective 'heavy'.

Didelis svoris (Big weight) vs. Sunkus daiktas (Heavy thing).

Padrões de frases

[Noun] yra sunkus/sunki.

Krepšys yra sunkus.

Man sunku [Verb].

Man sunku bėgti.

[Noun] yra sunkesnis už [Noun].

Geležis sunkesnė už medį.

Tai buvo sunkiausias [Noun] mano gyvenime.

Tai buvo sunkiausias egzaminas mano gyvenime.

Dėl [Genitive Noun] situacija tapo sunki.

Dėl lietaus situacija tapo sunki.

[Adverb] sunku suvokti, kad...

Išties sunku suvokti, kad viskas baigta.

[Noun] pasižymi sunkiu [Noun].

Jis pasižymi sunkiu charakteriu.

Sunkiausia dalia teko [Dative Noun].

Sunkiausia dalia teko mūsų protėviams.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

Sunkumas (difficulty/heaviness)

Sunkmetis (hard times/crisis)

Sunkvežimis (truck/lorry)

Sunkiaatletis (weightlifter)

Verbos

Sunkėti (to become heavier/harder)

Apsunkinti (to make difficult/heavy)

Pasunkinti (to complicate/make heavier)

Sunkti (to drain/squeeze - related root)

Adjetivos

Sunkokas (somewhat heavy/hard)

Sunkiausias (the heaviest/hardest)

Sunkesnis (heavier/harder)

Sunkiasvoris (heavyweight)

Relacionado

Svoris (weight)

Našta (burden)

Vargas (misery/hardship)

Mūšis (battle - often described as sunkus)

Prakaitas (sweat - result of sunkus darbas)

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

frequency

Extremely high; it is among the top 500 most used words in Lithuanian.

Erros comuns

Tai yra sunkus. → Tai sunku.
When 'it' is the subject and no noun follows, use the neuter form 'sunku'.
Šis akmuo yra kietas (meaning heavy). → Šis akmuo yra sunkus.
'Kietas' means physically firm, not heavy. Use 'sunkus' for weight.
Sunkus naktis. → Sunki naktis.
'Naktis' is a feminine noun, so the adjective must be 'sunki'.
Jis dirba sunkus. → Jis dirba sunkiai.
To describe an action (working), you must use the adverb 'sunkiai', not the adjective.
Sunkus žmogus (meaning a physically strong man). → Stiprus žmogus.
'Sunkus' describes a difficult personality or physical weight, not strength. Use 'stiprus' for strong.

Dicas

Gender Matching

Always check the noun's gender. 'Darbas' is masculine, so 'sunkus darbas'. 'Užduotis' is feminine, so 'sunki užduotis'. This is the most common error for beginners.

Hard vs. Heavy

Remember that 'sunkus' covers both 'heavy' and 'difficult'. If you can't lift it, it's 'sunkus'. If you can't solve it, it's also 'sunkus'.

Stress the End

The stress is on the final syllable. Practice saying 'sun-KUS' with a short 'u' sound at the end.

Impersonal Sunku

Use 'Sunku' for all 'It is hard...' sentences. 'Sunku patikėti' (Hard to believe). 'Sunku laukti' (Hard to wait).

Comparative Construction

Use 'už' with the accusative case to compare. 'Šis yra sunkesnis už tą' (This is heavier than that).

Respect for Hard Work

In Lithuania, 'sunkus darbas' is a badge of honor. Don't be afraid to use the word to describe your efforts; it's respected.

Serious Condition

In a hospital context, 'sunki būklė' is the standard way to say someone is in serious or critical condition.

Stone on Heart

Use 'Akmuo nuo širdies nukrito' when you feel relieved. It's a very common and beautiful idiom.

Sinking Root

Connect 'sunkus' with the English word 'sink'. Heavy things sink. This will help you remember the meaning.

Definite Forms

For specific terms like 'Heavy Industry', use the definite form: 'Sunkioji pramonė'.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of a 'SUN' that is so 'KUS' (close) to the earth that it feels 'heavy' and 'difficult' to bear the heat. Sunkus = Sun-close-heavy.

Associação visual

Imagine a giant weight (like a 100kg dumbbell) with the word 'SUNKUS' written on it in bold letters. See yourself struggling to lift it.

Word Web

Svoris Darbas Egzaminas Lagaminas Liga Nusikaltimas Akmuo Charakteris

Desafio

Try to find five objects in your room and label them as either 'sunkus' or 'lengvas'. Then, think of two tasks you did today that were 'sunkios'.

Origem da palavra

The word 'sunkus' originates from the Proto-Indo-European root *senk-, which meant to fall, sink, or be heavy. It is closely related to the Lithuanian verb 'sunkti' which means to drain or squeeze out liquid, implying something that is saturated and therefore heavy. This root is shared with other Baltic and Slavic languages, showing a long history of describing physical density.

Significado original: Originally referred to physical weight, specifically something that sinks in water or is saturated with liquid.

Baltic branch of the Indo-European family.

Contexto cultural

When describing someone as having a 'sunkus charakteris', it is a negative trait, implying they are stubborn or unpleasant.

English speakers often use 'hard' for both difficulty and texture. In Lithuanian, remember to use 'sunkus' for difficulty and 'kietas' for texture.

The phrase 'Sunkus akmuo nuo širdies nukrito' is used in many classic Lithuanian novels to describe the resolution of a conflict. The song 'Sunkus ruduo' (Heavy/Hard Autumn) by various artists reflects the melancholic Baltic mood. Sunkioji atletika (Weightlifting) is a sport where Lithuania has a strong historical presence.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Moving House

Šis baldų gabalas yra per sunkus.
Padėk man su šiuo sunkiu lagaminu.
Ar dėžė sunki?
Saugok nugarą, tai sunku!

University/School

Egzaminas buvo be galo sunkus.
Gavau sunkią namų darbų užduotį.
Sunku suprasti šią temą.
Mokytis kalbų yra sunku.

Healthcare

Paciento būklė yra sunki.
Jis patyrė sunkią traumą.
Sunkus kvėpavimas yra simptomas.
Tai sunki liga.

Workplace

Laukia sunki darbo savaitė.
Tai sunkus fizinis darbas.
Mes turime priimti sunkų sprendimą.
Sunkiai dirbame prie šio projekto.

Personal Relationships

Mano kaimynas yra sunkaus būdo.
Tai buvo sunkus pokalbis.
Man dabar sunkus etapas.
Sunku su tavimi ginčytis.

Iniciadores de conversa

"Ar tau buvo sunkus šiandienos egzaminas?"

"Koks darbas tau atrodo pats sunkiausias?"

"Ar šis pirkinių maišas tau ne per sunkus?"

"Kodėl lietuvių kalba tau atrodo sunki?"

"Kaip tu ilsiesi po sunkios darbo dienos?"

Temas para diário

Aprašyk sunkiausią sprendimą, kurį tau teko priimti gyvenime. Kodėl jis buvo toks sunkus?

Ar manai, kad sunkus fizinis darbas yra geriau nei sunkus protinis darbas? Kodėl?

Aprašyk dieną, kuri prasidėjo sunkiai, bet baigėsi gerai.

Kokie dalykai tavo gyvenime šiuo metu atrodo sunkiausi?

Parašyk apie žmogų, kurį pažįsti ir kuris turi sunkų charakterį.

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Yes, but usually to describe their weight or their character. If you call someone 'sunkus žmogus', it means they are difficult to deal with. If you say they are physically 'sunkus', you mean they weigh a lot.

You should use the neuter form 'Sunku'. For example, 'Sunku suprasti' (It's hard to understand). Avoid using 'Tai yra sunkus'.

'Sunkus' refers to the effort required or physical weight. 'Sudėtingas' refers to complexity and having many parts. A 100kg stone is 'sunkus', but a computer program is 'sudėtingas'.

Yes, in specific contexts like 'sunkus nusikaltimas' (serious crime) or 'sunki būklė' (serious condition). In other cases, 'rimtas' is preferred for 'serious'.

It follows the first adjective declension. For example: Nominative 'sunkus', Genitive 'sunkaus', Dative 'sunkiam', Accusative 'sunkų', Instrumental 'sunkiu', Locative 'sunkiame'.

The feminine nominative singular is 'sunki'. For example, 'sunki dėžė' (heavy box).

Yes, to describe 'heavy' food that is hard to digest. 'Sunkus maistas'.

The comparative is 'sunkesnis' (masculine) and 'sunkesnė' (feminine).

Not really, but 'sunkus' can be used ironically to describe someone who is being overly dramatic or stubborn.

Use 'sunkiau' as an adverb (e.g., 'dirbti sunkiau' - to work harder) or 'sunkesnis' as an adjective.

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