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pes

/pɛs/
Pratique

Overview

The Slovenian word 'pes' (pronounced pehs) is a masculine noun that directly translates to 'dog' in English. It's a fundamental word in the Slovenian lexicon, used to refer to the common domesticated carnivorous mammal known for its loyalty and companionship.

Declension

Like all Slovenian nouns, 'pes' undergoes declension, meaning its form changes depending on its grammatical case, number, and gender. As a masculine noun, it follows the declension patterns for animate masculine nouns. Here's a breakdown of its declension:

* **Singular:**

  • Nominative (imenovalnik): pes (the dog is...)
  • Genitive (rodilnik): psa (of the dog, dog's)
  • Dative (dajalnik): psu (to the dog, for the dog)

* **Accusative (tožilnik):** psa (I see the dog)

  • Locative (mestnik): pri psu (at the dog, about the dog)

* **Plural (množina):**

  • Nominative: psi (the dogs are...)
  • Genitive: psov (of the dogs, dogs')
  • Dative: psom (to the dogs, for the dogs)

* **Accusative:** pse (I see the dogs)

  • Locative: pri psih (at the dogs, about the dogs)

Usage in Phrases and Idioms

'Pes' is commonly used in various phrases and idioms, much like 'dog' in English:

  • 'Zvest kot pes': (Loyal as a dog) - Used to describe someone who is extremely loyal.
  • 'Živeti kot pes': (To live like a dog) - To live in poor conditions or have a miserable life.
  • 'Pasje življenje': (Dog's life) - A hard or difficult life.
  • 'Pasti kot pes': (To fall like a dog) - To fall heavily or dramatically.
  • 'Lačen kot pes': (Hungry as a dog) - To be extremely hungry.

Related Words

Several other Slovenian words are derived from or related to 'pes':

  • 'Psica': (bitch) - Female dog.
  • 'Psiček': (puppy) - Diminutive form of 'pes', referring to a young dog.
  • 'Pasji': (dog's, canine) - Adjective form, e.g., 'pasja hrana' (dog food), 'pasja uta' (dog kennel).
  • 'Psevdonym': (pseudonym) - While not directly related in meaning, 'psevdo-' (pseudo-) comes from the Greek word 'pseudēs' meaning false, which is not connected to 'pes'. However, it's worth noting for its similar sound.

Understanding the declension and common usages of 'pes' is crucial for anyone learning Slovenian, as it's a very common and versatile word.

Exemplos

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2

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Colocações comuns

čuvajski pes
lovski pes
vodič slepih psov
slepi pes

Frequentemente confundido com

pes vs w
80+ WORDS

Padrões gramaticais

p1 p2 p3

Como usar

Notas de uso

The Slovenian word 'pes' (pronounced roughly as 'pehss') is a masculine noun, meaning 'dog'. Its declension follows typical masculine noun patterns in Slovenian. For example, in the genitive case, it becomes 'psa' (e.g., 'rep psa' - 'the dog's tail'). In the dative case, it is 'psu' (e.g., 'dati psu' - 'to give to the dog'). The plural form is 'psi' (pronounced 'psee'). When referring to a female dog, the term 'psica' is used, though 'pes' can sometimes be used generally for both genders, especially when the gender isn't specified or relevant. The diminutive form, 'kuža,' is commonly used to refer to a small or beloved dog, similar to 'doggy' or 'puppy' in English, and is often used affectionately. The word 'pes' can also appear in various idioms and expressions, reflecting its cultural importance, such as 'Zvest kot pes' (Loyal as a dog).

Erros comuns

A common mistake for learners is to apply the standard masculine declension rules without accounting for the stem changes. For example, incorrectly forming the genitive singular as 'pesa' instead of 'psa'. Another frequent error is confusing the nominative plural 'psi' with other cases, or not correctly applying the 'i' ending for masculine nouns in the nominative plural. Pay close attention to the vowel changes and consonant shifts, especially in the genitive and dative cases for all numbers. Practice with sentences that use different cases to internalize these irregular forms, and be mindful of the 'e' dropout which is a key feature of this word's declension.

Dicas

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Grammar Note

The word 'pes' undergoes declension depending on its grammatical case, number, and gender. Pay attention to the endings to use it correctly in sentences.
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Pronunciation Tip

The 'e' in 'pes' is pronounced as a short 'e' sound, similar to the 'e' in 'bed' in English. The 's' is pronounced like the 's' in 'see'.
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Cultural Context

Dogs are popular pets in Slovenia and are often seen in parks and on trails. The phrase 'pasje življenje' (dog's life) is a common idiom meaning a difficult or miserable life.

Origem da palavra

The Slovenian word 'pes' originates from Proto-Slavic '*pьsъ'. This Proto-Slavic term itself has deeper roots in Proto-Indo-European, tracing back to '*péḱ-os' or '*péḱu-', meaning 'livestock, property'. This connection suggests an ancient understanding of dogs as integral to human livelihood, possibly as protectors of livestock or as valuable companions. Cognates can be found across various Indo-European languages, highlighting its ancient lineage. For instance, in Latin, 'pecus' refers to cattle or livestock, and in Sanskrit, 'paśu' also means animal or cattle. While the modern Slovenian 'pes' specifically denotes a dog, its etymological journey reveals a broader, more archaic connection to domesticated animals and their significance in early human societies. Over centuries, the word evolved through various sound changes and semantic shifts within the Slavic language family, eventually settling into its current form and meaning in Slovenian. The survival of this root across such a vast linguistic family underscores the long-standing relationship between humans and canines.

Contexto cultural

In Slovenia, dogs, or 'psi' (plural of 'pes'), hold a significant place in culture, deeply integrated into daily life, traditions, and national identity. Historically, dogs have been indispensable working animals, assisting in herding sheep in the mountainous regions, guarding property, and aiding hunters in the dense forests. This long-standing working relationship has fostered a deep respect for dogs' intelligence, loyalty, and resilience. Beyond their utility, dogs are cherished as beloved family members, often seen accompanying their owners in public spaces, from urban parks to hiking trails in the Julian Alps. Slovenian folklore and literature also feature dogs prominently, symbolizing faithfulness and courage. Dog ownership is popular, and the country boasts numerous dog-friendly establishments and events, reflecting a strong societal appreciation for canines. The bond between Slovenians and their dogs is palpable, rooted in a shared history of companionship, utility, and affection that continues to thrive in contemporary society.

Dica de memorização

The masculine noun 'pes' (dog) undergoes significant stem changes in declension, particularly in the genitive singular ('psa') and throughout the dual and plural forms. Remember the pattern of dropping the 'e' and sometimes adding 'o' or changing the vowel to navigate these changes. A good mnemonic could be to associate 'pes' with 'puppy' and then visualize the 'p' sound being consistent, while the 'e' disappears or transforms.

Teste-se

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Moj sosed ima velikega ____.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
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Otroci so se igrali z majhnim ____ na travniku.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
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Na sprehodu sem srečal ____, ki je mahala z repom.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Pontuação: /3

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