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A2 adjective #2,000 mais comum 6 min de leitura

人工

rengong Top 2,000

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 人工 em 30 segundos

Explicação 人工 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that '人工' (rén gōng) means 'man-made' or 'not natural'. You might see it in simple phrases like '人工湖' (artificial lake). Think of it as 'person' + 'work'. It's used to describe things that people built. For example, 'This is a man-made park.' It is a simple way to distinguish between things in nature and things made by people. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet; just recognize it as an adjective describing objects.

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At the A2 level, you should start using '人工' in more common daily phrases. The most important one is '人工智能' (Artificial Intelligence), which everyone talks about. You should also know '人工服务' (human service) for when you want to talk to a real person on the phone instead of a machine. You can also use it to talk about labor costs, like '人工很贵' (labor is expensive). At this level, you are moving from just describing objects to describing services and costs.

At the B1 level, you should understand the nuance between '人工', '手工', and '人造'. You will use '人工' in professional contexts, such as '人工费' (labor costs) in a business meeting or '人工呼吸' (artificial respiration) in a first aid class. You should be able to explain why something is '人工' rather than '自然'. You'll also encounter it in more abstract ways, like '人工干预' (human intervention). Your sentences should become more complex, using '人工' to describe systems and processes.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '人工' in technical and social discussions. You might discuss the ethics of '人工智能' or the environmental impact of '人工降雨'. You should also understand its use as a measure of labor, such as '这个工程需要五百个人工' (This project requires 500 man-days). You can distinguish between '人工' (artificial) and '人为' (human-induced/artificial cause), which is a subtle but important difference in formal writing and debate.

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At the C1 level, you will use '人工' in highly specialized fields. In medicine, you'll talk about '人工受精' (artificial insemination) or '人工瓣膜' (artificial valves). In economics, you'll analyze '人工成本' (labor costs) in the context of global trade. You should be able to use the word in academic essays to describe the anthropogenic nature of certain phenomena. You will also recognize the word in literature where it might be used metaphorically to describe something that feels forced or unnatural.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete grasp of '人工' in all its forms, including regional variations like its use as 'salary' in Cantonese-influenced Mandarin. You can engage in deep philosophical debates about the boundary between '人工' and '自然' in the age of biotechnology and advanced AI. You understand the historical evolution of the term and can use it with precision in legal, scientific, and literary contexts, effortlessly switching between its meanings as 'labor', 'artificiality', and 'manpower'.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

人工 em 30 segundos

人工 (rén gōng) primarily means 'artificial' or 'man-made', used to describe things created by human effort rather than occurring naturally in the environment.
It also functions as a noun referring to 'human labor' or 'manpower', often used in business contexts to discuss costs and workforce requirements.
Common collocations include '人工智能' (AI), '人工客服' (human customer service), and '人工费' (labor cost), making it essential for modern daily life.
It is distinguished from '手工' (handmade) and '人造' (synthetic), focusing more on the source of effort or intelligence rather than just the material.

The term 人工 (rén gōng) is a compound word consisting of '人' (person) and '工' (work/labor). At its core, it represents anything that is the result of human intervention rather than natural processes. In the modern era, you will most frequently encounter it in the phrase 人工智能 (Artificial Intelligence), but its applications are far broader, spanning from civil engineering to medicine.

Etymological Root: The character '工' originally depicted a carpenter's square, symbolizing craft and labor. Combined with '人', it literally translates to 'human craft'.

这个公园里有一个巨大的人工湖。(There is a huge artificial lake in this park.)

When used as an adjective, it describes the nature of an object. For instance, an 'artificial lake' (人工湖) is a body of water dug by people. When used as a noun, it refers to the labor itself. If a project requires 'ten man-days', you might say it requires '十个人工'. This dual nature makes it a versatile tool in both casual and professional Mandarin.

我们需要提供人工呼吸。(We need to provide artificial respiration.)

In a world increasingly dominated by automation, '人工' also takes on a premium meaning in certain contexts, such as '人工服务' (human service/customer support), where speaking to a real person is often preferred over a robot. This highlights the word's shift from meaning 'fake' to meaning 'human-powered'.

Modern Context: In the tech industry, '人工' is the 'A' in 'AI'. It signifies the simulation of human intelligence by machines.

人工智能正在改变我们的生活。(Artificial Intelligence is changing our lives.)

Using 人工 correctly requires understanding whether you are describing an attribute or referring to labor costs. As an adjective, it usually precedes a noun directly without the need for the particle '的' in many fixed collocations, though '的' can be used for emphasis.

Grammar Rule: Adjective + Noun: 人工湖 (Artificial lake), 人工智能 (AI), 人工降雨 (Cloud seeding/Artificial rain).

这个草坪是人工的，不是真的。(This lawn is artificial, not real.)

When discussing costs or workforce, '人工' functions as a noun. For example, '人工费' (rén gōng fèi) refers to labor costs. In a sentence like '现在人工很贵' (Labor is very expensive now), '人工' represents the human effort or the workers themselves. This is a very common phrase in business and construction.

修理这台机器需要很多人工。(Repairing this machine requires a lot of manual labor.)

Another specific use is in customer service. If you are stuck in an automated phone menu, you might shout '人工!' or '转人工' (transfer to a human) to speak with a representative. This has become a cultural touchstone for frustration with technology.

Collocation: 人工 + 费 (Cost), 人工 + 智能 (Intelligence), 人工 + 降雨 (Rainmaking).

请帮我转接人工客服。(Please transfer me to human customer service.)

You will hear 人工 in a variety of settings, ranging from high-tech laboratories to construction sites and hospitals. Its ubiquity stems from the constant comparison between the natural world and the world humans have built.

In Technology: News reports frequently discuss '人工智能' (AI) and its impact on the job market.

这家公司专注于人工智能的研究。(This company focuses on the research of artificial intelligence.)

In medical settings, '人工' is used for prosthetic limbs (人工肢体), artificial organs (人工器官), and life-saving procedures like artificial respiration (人工呼吸). In these contexts, '人工' carries a positive connotation of science saving lives where nature might fail.

医生给他做了人工心脏手术。(The doctor performed an artificial heart surgery on him.)

On the street or in a shop, you might hear people discussing '人工费'. If you hire someone to move furniture or renovate an apartment, the cost of the materials is one thing, but the '人工' (the labor cost) is often the most expensive part of the bill.

In Daily Life: When a website's chatbot fails, users look for the '人工' button to get real help.

现在的人工成本越来越高了。(Labor costs are getting higher and higher now.)

One of the most common errors for learners is confusing 人工 with 手工 (shǒu gōng). While both involve humans, they are used in different contexts. '人工' is the broad category of 'artificial', while '手工' specifically means 'handmade' or 'manual' in a way that implies craftsmanship.

Comparison: 人工: Artificial/Man-made (e.g., AI, artificial lake).
手工: Handmade (e.g., handmade soap, manual labor).

错误: 这个蛋糕是人工做的。(Incorrect: This cake is 'artificial' made.)
正确: 这个蛋糕是手工做的。(Correct: This cake is handmade.)

Another mistake is using '人工' when you mean '人造' (rén zào). '人造' also means man-made, but it is often used for synthetic materials like '人造皮革' (synthetic leather) or '人造卫星' (man-made satellite). While '人工' and '人造' overlap, '人工' is more common for processes and systems, while '人造' is common for physical objects and materials.

我们需要更多的人工来完成这个项目。(We need more labor to finish this project.)

Finally, avoid using '人工' to mean 'fake' in a negative social sense. If someone is being 'fake' or 'insincere', the word is usually '虚伪' (xū wěi), not '人工'. '人工' is a neutral descriptor of origin, not a moral judgment.

Common Confusion: Don't say '人工的朋友' for a fake friend. Say '虚伪的朋友'.

Understanding 人工 requires comparing it with its synonyms and antonyms. The most direct contrast is 自然 (zì rán), meaning natural. If something isn't natural, it's often artificial.

人工 vs. 人造: '人工' often implies human labor or intelligence (Artificial Intelligence). '人造' implies synthetic production (Synthetic Leather).

这个钻石是人造的，但看起来很自然。(This diamond is man-made, but looks natural.)

Another similar word is 人为 (rén wéi). While '人工' describes the nature of an object, '人为' often describes an action or a cause, frequently with a slightly negative or critical tone, such as '人为的错误' (human error) or '人为的障碍' (man-made obstacles).

这场火灾是人为造成的。(This fire was caused by human factors.)

Finally, 手工 (shǒu gōng) is the word for 'handmade'. If you are praising the quality of a knitted sweater, use '手工'. If you are describing the scientific nature of a heart valve, use '人工'.

Summary Table: 人工: Broadly artificial / labor.
人造: Synthetic / manufactured.
人为: Caused by humans.
手工: Made by hand.

How Formal Is It?

Nível de dificuldade

Gramática essencial

Attributive adjectives without 'de'

Noun compounds

Measure words for labor (工)

Nominalization of adjectives

Contrastive structures (不是...而是...)

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Exemplos por nível

这是一个人工湖。

This is an artificial lake.

Simple Subject + Verb + Noun phrase.

这不是人工的。

This is not artificial.

Negative construction using 不是...的.

人工林很漂亮。

The man-made forest is very beautiful.

Adjective modifying a noun.

他喜欢人工草坪。

He likes artificial lawns.

Subject + Verb + Object.

这是人工做的吗？

Is this man-made?

Question with 吗.

人工岛很大。

The artificial island is very big.

Simple adjective-noun pair.

这里有人工。

There is human labor here.

Noun usage meaning labor.

人工花不香。

Artificial flowers are not fragrant.

Subject + Negation + Adjective.

我想找人工客服。

I want to find human customer service.

Common phrase for 'human' service.

人工智能很有用。

Artificial intelligence is very useful.

Compound noun: 人工智能.

现在人工费很贵。

Labor costs are very expensive now.

Noun phrase: 人工费.

他会做人工呼吸。

He knows how to do artificial respiration.

Verb + Object phrase.

这是人工降雨。

This is artificial rain.

Describing a process.

这个项目需要更多人工。

This project needs more labor.

人工 as a mass noun for labor.

这种材料是人工合成的。

This material is artificially synthesized.

Adverbial use in a passive-like structure.

请按0转人工。

Please press 0 to transfer to a human.

Imperative sentence.

人工林有助于防止水土流失。

Man-made forests help prevent soil erosion.

Formal subject in a complex sentence.

我们需要降低人工成本。

We need to reduce labor costs.

Verb + Noun phrase (人工成本).

这颗钻石是人工培育的。

This diamond is lab-grown (artificially cultivated).

Specific technical usage.

人工干预是必要的。

Human intervention is necessary.

Abstract noun phrase.

医生建议使用人工关节。

The doctor suggested using an artificial joint.

Medical terminology.

这个景点的瀑布是人工的。

The waterfall at this tourist spot is artificial.

Predicative use with 的.

由于人工短缺，工程延期了。

Due to a labor shortage, the project was delayed.

Cause and effect structure.

他在学习人工语言。

He is studying an artificial language (like Esperanto).

Academic context.

人工智能的伦理问题备受关注。

The ethical issues of AI are receiving much attention.

Complex subject with possessive 的.

这种人工色素对身体有害。

This artificial coloring is harmful to the body.

Specific chemical term.

该地区实行了人工增雨作业。

The region carried out cloud seeding operations.

Formal administrative language.

我们要区分自然选择和人工选择。

We must distinguish between natural selection and artificial selection.

Scientific comparison.

这家工厂实现了从人工到自动化的转型。

This factory achieved a transition from manual to automated.

From A to B structure.

人工流产是一个敏感的话题。

Abortion (artificial termination of pregnancy) is a sensitive topic.

Medical/Social term.

这种香料是人工合成的，味道很重。

This spice is synthetic; the smell is very strong.

Describing quality.

为了保护古迹，禁止人工攀爬。

To protect the relics, manual climbing is prohibited.

Formal prohibition.

人工神经网络模拟了人脑的工作方式。

Artificial neural networks simulate the way the human brain works.

Technical scientific term.

该政策旨在缓解人工成本上涨带来的压力。

The policy aims to alleviate the pressure caused by rising labor costs.

Formal economic analysis.

人工心脏瓣膜的寿命是一个关键指标。

The lifespan of an artificial heart valve is a key indicator.

Precise technical description.

他在论文中探讨了人工环境对心理的影响。

In his paper, he explored the psychological impact of artificial environments.

Academic research context.

这种艺术风格带有浓厚的人工痕迹。

This artistic style bears heavy traces of artificiality.

Literary/Artistic criticism.

人工受精技术已经非常成熟。

Artificial insemination technology is already very mature.

Medical advancement.

通过人工干预，我们成功挽救了濒危物种。

Through human intervention, we successfully saved the endangered species.

Environmental science.

这种材料的韧性优于任何人工合成纤维。

The toughness of this material is superior to any synthetic fiber.

Comparative technical analysis.

在后人类时代，人工与自然的界限日益模糊。

In the post-human era, the boundary between the artificial and the natural is increasingly blurred.

Philosophical abstraction.

该项研究揭示了人工生态系统的脆弱性。

The study revealed the vulnerability of artificial ecosystems.

Complex scientific conclusion.

这种美学追求的是一种不着人工痕迹的自然感。

This aesthetic pursues a sense of nature without any trace of human effort.

Advanced literary expression.

人工通用智能的实现将引发深刻的社会变革。

The realization of Artificial General Intelligence will trigger profound social changes.

Futurist speculation.

法律必须界定人工器官的所有权归属。

The law must define the ownership of artificial organs.

Legal/Ethical complexity.

这种情感的表达显得过于人工，缺乏真诚。

The expression of this emotion seems too contrived, lacking sincerity.

Metaphorical/Critical use.

人工光合作用有望解决未来的能源危机。

Artificial photosynthesis is expected to solve the future energy crisis.

Cutting-edge science.

他在书中批判了人工城市化带来的异化感。

In his book, he criticized the sense of alienation brought by artificial urbanization.

Sociological critique.

Colocações comuns

人工智能

人工客服

人工费

人工呼吸

人工湖

人工降雨

人工成本

人工干预

人工关节

人工合成

Frases Comuns

转人工

人工服务

人工操作

人工管理

人工林

人工岛

人工受精

人工流产

人工智慧

人工肌肉

Frequentemente confundido com

人工 vs 手工

Handmade/Craft vs. Artificial/Labor.

人工 vs 人造

Synthetic materials vs. Artificial systems.

人工 vs 人为

Human-caused (often negative) vs. Man-made (neutral).

Expressões idiomáticas

"巧夺天工"

"鬼斧神工"

"事在人为"

"天工人力"

"人定胜天"

"刻意求工"

"粗制滥造"

"精雕细刻"

"独具匠心"

"妙手偶得"

Fácil de confundir

人工 vs

Padrões de frases

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Como usar

Nuance

人工 is neutral; 人为 can be negative.

Regional

In Cantonese, 人工 means salary. In Mandarin, it's labor/artificial.

Erros comuns

Using 人工 instead of 手工 for handmade crafts.
Using 人工 instead of 人造 for synthetic materials like leather.
Using 人工 to mean 'fake' in a social context.
Confusing 人工 (artificial) with 人为 (human-caused).
Forgetting that 人工 can mean 'labor' as a noun.

Dicas

Tech Talk

If you are talking about technology, '人工' is almost always part of '人工智能'. It's one of the most useful words to know in modern China.

Cost Management

When negotiating a contract, remember that '人工' refers to the labor. '人工成本' is a key term in any business discussion.

Customer Support

If you are lost or have a problem with a Chinese app, look for the '客服' icon and type '人工' to get a real person.

No 'de' needed

In many fixed terms like '人工湖' or '人工林', you don't need to put '的' between '人工' and the noun.

Nature vs Man

Chinese philosophy often discusses the balance between '天' (nature/heaven) and '人' (man). '人工' represents the '人' side of that balance.

Medical Terms

Many medical replacements are '人工', like '人工关节' (artificial joint). It's a prefix for 'prosthetic' or 'synthetic' in medicine.

Weather Control

China often uses '人工降雨' (cloud seeding) before big events like the Olympics to ensure clear skies. It's a common news topic.

Artificial vs Natural

Always pair '人工' with '自然' in your mind. They are the ultimate antonyms in Chinese.

Character Breakdown

Focus on '工'. It means work. Anything with '工' usually involves labor, skill, or a job.

Avoiding Confusion

Don't use '人工' to describe a person's personality. Use '虚伪' for fake people. '人工' is for things and labor.

Memorize

Origem da palavra

Contexto cultural

AI is a national priority in China, making '人工智能' a buzzword.

The term '人工' used for labor reflects the value of human time.

The '转人工' struggle is a common meme in Chinese social media.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"你觉得人工智能会取代人类吗？"

"这里的湖是人工的还是天然的？"

"我想找人工客服，怎么操作？"

"现在的人工费是不是越来越贵了？"

"你用过人工翻译服务吗？"

Temas para diário

写一写人工智能对你生活的影响。

描述一个你见过的人工景观（如人工湖）。

你更喜欢手工制品还是人工合成的廉价品？为什么？

如果你的工作被人工智能取代了，你会怎么办？

谈谈你对‘人工降雨’这种技术的看法。

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, it means 'man-made'. An artificial heart (人工心脏) is a real medical device, not a 'fake' one in a deceptive sense. It simply indicates that it did not grow naturally in a body. In many contexts, like '人工服务', it actually means 'real human' as opposed to a robot.

It's better to use '手工'. '人工做的蛋糕' sounds like the cake is made of plastic or chemicals. '手工做的蛋糕' sounds delicious and made with care by a person's hands. Use '人工' for more industrial or technical contexts.

It refers to the cost of labor. When you get a car fixed, the bill is split into '零件费' (parts cost) and '人工费' (labor cost). It's the money you pay for the worker's time and skill.

Yes, exactly. '人工' (Artificial) + '智能' (Intelligence). It is the standard Chinese term for AI.

You can say '转人工' (zhuǎn rén gōng) or '人工客服' (rén gōng kè fù). Most automated systems will recognize the word '人工'.

It is a lake that was dug by people, usually in a park or for a dam. It didn't exist until humans created it.

In standard Mandarin, no. However, in Hong Kong and parts of Guangdong, people use '人工' to mean 'salary'. If you are in Beijing, use '工资' (gōng zī) instead.

It is 'artificial respiration' or CPR. It's a life-saving technique where one person breathes for another.

It's both! As an adjective: '人工湖' (Artificial lake). As a noun: '需要很多人工' (Needs a lot of labor).

人工 is usually about the *creation* of something (artificial). 人为 is usually about the *cause* of an event (human-induced), like '人为错误' (human error).

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