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B2 verb 10 min de leitura

收敛

shoulian

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 收敛 em 30 segundos

Explicação 收敛 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '收敛' (shōuliǎn) is usually too advanced. However, if you encounter it, think of it as a very polite way to say 'stop' or 'be quiet.' Imagine a teacher telling a noisy student to '收敛'—it just means the student needs to gather their energy and stop being loud. At this stage, you don't need to use it yourself, but you might hear it in a classroom setting where a teacher is asking for better behavior. Just remember the '收' (shōu) part, which you know from '收起来' (shōu qǐlái - put away). It's like 'putting away' your bad behavior or your big smile.

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By A2, you are starting to learn about emotions and descriptions of people. '收敛' can be introduced as a way to describe someone becoming more serious. For example, '收敛笑容' (shōuliǎn xiàoróng) means to stop smiling. If you are watching a movie and a character gets a serious phone call, their smile will '收敛.' You can also understand it as a way to say 'behave better.' If a parent says to a child '收敛点' (shōuliǎn diǎn), they are saying 'behave a bit more.' It is slightly more formal than just saying 'don't play,' but it's a useful word to recognize in stories.

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At the B1 level, you should begin to understand '收敛' as a character trait and a verb for self-restraint. You might use it to describe someone who used to be very arrogant but has now '收敛'ed their attitude. It is very useful for discussing personal growth or changes in personality. You will also see it in more formal reading materials. For instance, when describing the weather or the sun, a writer might say the sun '收敛' its light in the evening. This isn't just 'stopping' light; it's a poetic way of saying the light is becoming softer and less intense. You should start trying to use '收敛' in your writing to replace simpler words like '变小' or '停止' when talking about behavior.

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At B2, you are expected to master '收敛' in all its common forms. You should be able to use it to describe behavior ('他最近收敛了很多'), facial expressions ('收敛笑容'), and even in a slightly more abstract sense like '收敛锋芒' (hiding one's brilliance). This level requires you to understand the nuance: '收敛' isn't just about stopping; it's about a purposeful, often internal decision to be more reserved or less extreme. You should also be aware that it is a formal term. In business or professional settings, advising someone to '收敛' is a serious but sophisticated way to suggest they change their approach. You should also recognize it in news reports about economic trends or social issues.

At the C1 level, you should be comfortable with the technical and literary applications of '收敛.' This includes the mathematical definition of 'convergence.' If you are reading academic papers or technical reports in Chinese, you will see '收敛' used to describe sequences, series, or algorithms. Furthermore, you should appreciate the literary depth of the word. In classical-style modern prose, '收敛' might describe the gathering of one's thoughts or the narrowing of a philosophical focus. You should be able to distinguish '收敛' from synonyms like '克制' (kèzhì) or '约束' (yuēshù) with precision, choosing '收敛' when the focus is on the inward movement or the natural limit of a process.

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At the C2 level, '收敛' is a tool for nuanced expression. You understand its etymological roots in agricultural harvesting ('敛' as collecting grain) and how that history informs its current abstract meanings. You can use it in high-level diplomatic or literary critiques, perhaps discussing how a writer '收敛' their prose to create a minimalist effect, or how a country '收敛' its foreign policy ambitions. You are also aware of its use in traditional Chinese medicine and chemistry (astringency). At this level, '收敛' is not just a word, but a concept representing the balance between expansion and contraction, a key theme in Chinese philosophy and aesthetics.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

收敛 em 30 segundos

收敛 means to restrain behavior or pull back an expression like a smile.
It is also the formal Chinese word for 'convergence' in math and science.
Culturally, it suggests modesty and the wisdom of not showing off too much.
Commonly used to describe someone becoming more serious or disciplined over time.

The Chinese term 收敛 (shōuliǎn) is a multifaceted verb that primarily deals with the act of drawing inward, restraining, or converging. At its core, it suggests a movement from an outward, expansive, or scattered state toward a more controlled, focused, or diminished one. For an English speaker, the most direct translations are 'to restrain,' 'to pull back,' or 'to converge,' but the nuance changes significantly depending on whether you are talking about a person's personality, a physical expression, or a mathematical sequence.

Behavioral Restraint: This is perhaps the most common usage in daily life. When someone has been acting arrogant, wild, or undisciplined, and they suddenly start behaving with more modesty or discipline, we say they have 'shōuliǎn-ed.' It implies a conscious effort to curb one's negative traits or excessive behavior. For instance, a bully who stops picking on others after being warned is '收敛' their behavior.
Facial Expressions and Emotions: In literature and storytelling, you will often see the phrase '收敛笑容' (shōuliǎn xiàoróng). This doesn't just mean to stop smiling; it describes the physical act of the smile fading or being pulled back as the person becomes serious or receives bad news. It suggests a transition from a state of openness (smiling) to a state of closure (seriousness).
Technical and Mathematical Contexts: In the world of calculus and physics, '收敛' is the standard term for 'convergence.' If a series of numbers gets closer and closer to a specific limit, it is said to '收敛.' This is the opposite of '发散' (fāsàn), which means to diverge or spread out. This technical usage maintains the core logic of the word: moving toward a single point or limit.

你最近的表现太张扬了，最好稍微收敛一点。(Your recent behavior has been too flashy; you’d better restrain yourself a bit.)

Culturally, '收敛' is often viewed through the lens of Confucian modesty. In Chinese society, being too '锋芒毕露' (fēngmáng bìlù)—showing off all one's sharpness or talent—is often discouraged. One is expected to '收敛' their brilliance to avoid making others uncomfortable or attracting unwanted jealousy. Therefore, using this word can sometimes carry a cautionary tone, advising someone to stay humble and avoid the spotlight.

听到这个消息，他立刻收敛了笑容。(Upon hearing the news, he immediately withdrew his smile.)

In a medical context, '收敛' refers to astringency. An '收敛剂' (shōuliǎnjì) is an astringent—a substance that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to protect the skin or stop bleeding. This again fits the theme of 'tightening' or 'drawing together.' Whether it is a person's ego, a mathematical sequence, or human skin, '收敛' is the force that pulls things back into a tighter, more controlled state.

Mastering 收敛 requires understanding its grammatical flexibility as a verb that can take specific types of abstract objects or stand alone as a description of behavior. Because it is a B2-level word, it is often used in formal writing, literature, or serious interpersonal discussions rather than very casual slang.

As a Transitive Verb (Verb + Object): The most common objects for '收敛' are internal states or expressions. Common pairings include '收敛笑容' (stop smiling), '收敛锋芒' (hide one's brilliance/talents), and '收敛心性' (restrain one's nature/temperament). In these cases, it functions much like the English 'to withdraw' or 'to curb.'

他学会了收敛自己的锋芒，不再像以前那样到处炫耀。(He has learned to restrain his brilliance and no longer shows off everywhere like he used to.)

As an Intransitive Verb (Self-Restraint): When used without a direct object, '收敛' usually refers to a general improvement in behavior. If a child was being naughty and suddenly becomes quiet, you might say they have '收敛'ed. It is often used with '一点' (a little) or '一些' (some) to soften the command or observation.

他在老板面前表现得很收敛。(He behaves very restrainedly in front of the boss.)

In scientific writing, the word is almost always the predicate of a sentence describing a process. '这个函数在无穷远处是收敛的' (This function is convergent at infinity). Here, it acts as a state of being. You will rarely hear this in a grocery store, but you will hear it in every university lecture hall in China.

随着年龄的增长，他的性格变得越来越收敛。(As he gets older, his character becomes more and more restrained.)

Finally, '收敛' can be used to describe the ending of a period of time or a season, though this is more poetic. For example, the sun '收敛' its light as evening approaches. This usage emphasizes the gentle withdrawal of energy or brightness.

You will encounter 收敛 in several distinct environments, and recognizing the setting will help you determine which meaning is intended. It is a word that bridges the gap between everyday social criticism and high-level academic discourse.

In the Office or School: Teachers or managers use '收敛' when addressing someone who is being disruptive or overly aggressive. It is a more sophisticated way of saying 'tone it down.' If a coworker is talking too loudly or making inappropriate jokes, another coworker might whisper, '你应该收敛一点' (You should tone it down a bit).
In Literature and Period Dramas: In Chinese novels or historical TV shows (Wuxia or Xianxia), a character who is a hidden master will '收敛气息' (restrain their inner energy/aura) so that enemies cannot detect their power level. This adds a layer of mystery and strategic depth to the character.

他在外人面前总是很收敛，没人知道他是千万富翁。(He is always very restrained in front of outsiders; no one knows he is a multimillionaire.)

In News and Economics: Financial analysts use '收敛' to describe market trends. If the gap between two different stock prices is narrowing, they might say the '价差在收敛' (the price spread is converging). Similarly, if inflation is slowing down and returning to a normal range, it is '收敛'ing.

In social media commentary, you might see '收敛' used sarcastically. If a celebrity is caught in a scandal and then posts a very humble, quiet video, netizens might comment, '他终于知道收敛了' (He finally knows how to behave himself), often implying that the restraint is only temporary or forced by circumstances.

由于经济下行，很多公司的扩张计划都开始收敛。(Due to the economic downturn, many companies' expansion plans have begun to pull back.)

Lastly, in the context of personal growth, '收敛' is seen as a sign of maturity. A young person is expected to be '张扬' (flamboyant), but a mature adult is expected to be '收敛'. It represents the wisdom of knowing when to speak and when to remain silent, when to act and when to hold back.

Because 收敛 is a high-level word with multiple meanings, English speakers often trip up by using it in places where a simpler word like 'stop' or 'decrease' would be more appropriate, or by confusing it with similar-sounding terms.

Mistake 1: Using it for physical reduction of size: Do not use '收敛' to mean 'to shrink' in size, like a sweater shrinking in the wash. For that, use '缩水' (suōshuǐ) or '变小' (biànxiǎo). '收敛' is for abstract restraint or mathematical convergence, not physical shrinkage of objects.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 约束 (yuēshù): '约束' usually refers to external constraints, like laws, rules, or someone else holding you back. '收敛' is more about an internal, voluntary, or natural pulling back. You '约束' others with rules, but you '收敛' your own behavior because you realize it's necessary.

Incorrect: 他的衣服洗完后收敛了。
Correct: 他的衣服洗完后缩水了。

Mistake 3: Over-formality: If you are telling a friend to stop being annoying in a very casual setting, '收敛' might sound a bit too serious or even slightly literary. In a very casual setting, you might just say '别闹了' (bié nàole - stop messing around) or '老实点' (lǎoshí diǎn - behave yourself). Use '收敛' when you want to sound more sophisticated or when the behavior is a serious character trait.

Another common error is with the mathematical meaning. Students sometimes use '收敛' to mean a simple 'decrease' in a value. However, in math, a sequence can decrease but still be '发散' (divergent) if it doesn't approach a specific limit. '收敛' specifically requires that limit-seeking behavior.

Incorrect: 气温正在收敛。
Correct: 气温正在下降。

Finally, ensure you don't confuse '收敛' (shōuliǎn) with '收罗' (shōuluó - to collect/gather people or things). While both involve 'gathering,' '收罗' is about accumulating more, while '收敛' is about pulling things back or in.

Understanding how 收敛 compares to its synonyms will help you choose the exact 'flavor' of restraint you want to express. Chinese has many words for 'control' and 'gather,' each with a specific nuance.

收敛 vs. 约束 (yuēshù): 收敛: Internal, focusing on behavior or mathematical limits. It implies a change from being 'out there' to being 'in here.'
约束: External, focusing on rules, regulations, or physical binding. You follow a contract because of '约束.'
收敛 vs. 克制 (kèzhì): 收敛: Often refers to a long-term change in behavior or a fading of an expression.
克制: Refers to the immediate, often difficult effort to suppress an emotion like anger or desire. You '克制' your urge to scream, but you '收敛' your overall bad temper over months.

他努力克制住怒火，并决定以后要更加收敛。(He tried hard to restrain his anger and decided to be more reserved in the future.)

收敛 vs. 隐晦 (yǐnhuì): 收敛: The act of pulling back.
隐晦: The state of being obscure or hidden. If you '收敛' your meaning, the resulting text might be '隐晦.'

In a literary context, '含蓄' (hánxù) is another alternative. While '收敛' describes the act of pulling back, '含蓄' describes the quality of being reserved and suggestive rather than direct. A poem might be '含蓄,' but the poet '收敛'ed their direct emotions to achieve that effect.

与其直接批评，不如用一种更含蓄的方式，让他自己学会收敛。(Instead of direct criticism, it's better to use a more subtle way to let him learn to restrain himself.)

For the mathematical 'convergence,' there is no real alternative—'收敛' is the precise term. For 'astringent' in skincare, '收缩' (shōusuō - to contract) is sometimes used interchangeably in casual talk, but '收敛' remains the professional term on ingredient labels.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

In ancient times, '敛' was specifically used for the act of dressing a corpse for burial (gathering the body into the shroud), which is why some related terms still carry a very solemn or heavy tone.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /ʃoʊ liɛn/

US /ʃoʊ liɛn/

The emphasis is slightly more on the second syllable 'liǎn' due to the dipping tone.

Rima com

见 (jiàn) 面 (miàn) 点 (diǎn) 脸 (liǎn) 险 (xiǎn) 免 (miǎn) 浅 (qiǎn) 演 (yǎn)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing 'liǎn' as 'lián' (second tone).
Confusing the 'sh' with 's' (sōu instead of shōu).
Treating 'ian' like the English word 'Ian' (ee-un) instead of 'yen'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 4/5

Requires understanding of abstract context and potentially technical math terms.

Escrita 4/5

Easy to confuse with '约束' or '克制'.

Expressão oral 3/5

Common in advice and criticism, but must be used with correct social status.

Audição 3/5

Clear pronunciation, but meaning depends heavily on the following object.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

收起来约束脾气笑容

Aprenda a seguir

锋芒韬光养晦发散极限

Avançado

敛财销声敛迹屏气敛息

Gramática essencial

Resultative Complements

他收敛起以往的傲慢。(The 'qi' indicates the action of gathering up.)

Degree Adverbs

收敛得多 (much more restrained), 收敛一点 (a bit more restrained).

Causative Sentences

挫折使他变得收敛。(Setbacks made him become restrained.)

Object Placement

笑容收敛了 (The smile faded - Subject-Verb) vs 收敛笑容 (To withdraw a smile - Verb-Object).

Negative Forms

毫不收敛 (not restrained at all), 毫无收敛 (no restraint whatsoever).

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Exemplos por nível

老师让他收敛一点。

The teacher told him to restrain himself a bit.

收敛 acts as a verb meaning 'to behave'.

你收敛一下吧。

Please restrain yourself a bit.

Used as a command.

他不笑了，收敛了笑容。

He stopped laughing and withdrew his smile.

Common object: 笑容.

弟弟最近收敛了很多。

Little brother has restrained himself a lot lately.

Describes a change in behavior.

别太张扬，要收敛。

Don't be too flashy, you must be restrained.

Contrasts with 张扬.

他收敛了脾气。

He restrained his temper.

Common object: 脾气.

天空收敛了光芒。

The sky withdrew its brilliance (sunset).

Poetic usage.

你要学会收敛。

You need to learn to be restrained.

General advice.

听到批评后，他收敛了许多。

After being criticized, he restrained himself a lot.

Followed by 许多 to show degree.

医生给了他一些收敛药。

The doctor gave him some astringent medicine.

Medical context.

他收敛了玩心，开始学习。

He restrained his playfulness and started studying.

Object: 玩心 (playfulness).

她的笑容慢慢收敛了。

Her smile slowly faded.

Focus on the process.

在长辈面前，他很收敛。

In front of elders, he is very restrained.

Describes a state in a specific context.

这场雨让气温收敛了些。

This rain made the temperature pull back (cool down) a bit.

Metaphorical usage for weather.

他终于收敛了他的狂妄。

He finally restrained his arrogance.

Object: 狂妄 (arrogance).

在这个地方，你得收敛点。

In this place, you have to be more restrained.

Contextual requirement.

为了不引起注意，他收敛了锋芒。

To avoid attracting attention, he hid his brilliance.

Idiomatic object: 锋芒.

这种药水有收敛皮肤的作用。

This lotion has the effect of tightening the skin.

Professional medical usage.

他不再到处乱花钱，生活收敛了。

He no longer spends money recklessly; his lifestyle has become more restrained.

Describes lifestyle changes.

夕阳收敛了最后一抹余晖。

The setting sun withdrew its last bit of afterglow.

Highly literary.

你应该收敛一下你那傲慢的态度。

You should restrain that arrogant attitude of yours.

Object: 态度.

经过这次教训，他变得收敛多了。

After this lesson, he has become much more restrained.

Result of an experience.

这个数学序列是收敛的。

This mathematical sequence is convergent.

Technical math term.

他收敛了目光，低头沉思。

He withdrew his gaze and lowered his head in thought.

Describing focus.

在竞争中，他懂得收敛，不轻易露底。

In competition, he knows how to be restrained and doesn't easily show his hand.

Strategic restraint.

随着政策收紧，市场投机行为有所收敛。

As policies tightened, market speculation has been somewhat restrained.

Economic context.

他收敛了以往的霸气，变得平易近人。

He restrained his former dominance and became approachable.

Object: 霸气 (dominance/aura).

算法的收敛速度非常快。

The convergence speed of the algorithm is very fast.

Computer science context.

他收敛起悲伤，继续工作。

He pulled back his sadness and continued to work.

Emotional control.

这种植物的根部有收敛止血的功效。

The roots of this plant have astringent and hemostatic properties.

Traditional Chinese Medicine.

你说话能不能收敛一点？太伤人了。

Can you be a bit more restrained when you speak? It's too hurtful.

Interpersonal criticism.

这种色彩在视觉上有一种收敛感。

This color has a visually 'pulling-in' (slimming/receding) feel.

Art/Design context.

他在文章中收敛了激进的言辞，转而采用温和的语气。

In the article, he restrained his radical rhetoric and turned to a mild tone.

Nuance in writing style.

该迭代过程如果不收敛，结果将毫无意义。

If the iteration process does not converge, the result will be meaningless.

Formal academic logic.

他那种收敛的美感深受现代建筑师的推崇。

That kind of restrained aesthetic is highly praised by modern architects.

Abstract aesthetic concept.

在外交场合，收敛是一种必要的礼仪。

In diplomatic settings, restraint is a necessary etiquette.

Societal/Political norm.

他收敛了心神，全神贯注于眼前的画作。

He gathered his mind and concentrated fully on the painting before him.

Internal mental state.

随着证据的增加，所有的线索都收敛到了同一个嫌疑人身上。

As evidence increased, all clues converged onto the same suspect.

Logical convergence.

他的表演非常收敛，却充满了张力。

His performance was very restrained, yet full of tension.

Acting/Art critique.

在这种文化语境下，收敛被视为一种深沉的智慧。

In this cultural context, restraint is regarded as a profound wisdom.

Philosophical observation.

其笔力遒劲而意蕴收敛，达到了大巧若拙的境界。

The brushwork is powerful yet the meaning is restrained, reaching the realm of 'great skill appearing clumsy.'

High-level art criticism.

经济全球化的红利正在收敛，各国开始重新审视产业链安全。

The dividends of economic globalization are narrowing, and countries are beginning to re-examine supply chain security.

Macroeconomic analysis.

这种哲学思想主张通过收敛欲望来达到内心的平静。

This philosophical thought advocates achieving inner peace by restraining desires.

Spiritual/Philosophical discourse.

在权力面前，他表现出一种极度的收敛与隐忍。

In the face of power, he displayed an extreme restraint and endurance.

Political psychology.

宇宙的膨胀最终是否会转向收敛，仍是物理学界的未解之谜。

Whether the expansion of the universe will eventually turn to convergence remains an unsolved mystery in physics.

Cosmological scale.

他的文字有一种收敛的锋芒，刺痛人心却不露痕迹。

His writing has a restrained sharpness that stings the heart without leaving a trace.

Metaphorical literary analysis.

这种设计风格将繁杂的功能收敛于极简的外壳之下。

This design style converges complex functions under a minimalist shell.

Industrial design theory.

历史的潮流在这一刻似乎发生了收敛，所有的矛盾都集中爆发了。

The tide of history seemed to converge at this moment, and all contradictions erupted together.

Historical philosophy.

Colocações comuns

收敛笑容

收敛锋芒

收敛脾气

行为收敛

趋于收敛

收敛速度

收敛心性

收敛剂

收敛目光

稍加收敛

Frases Comuns

收敛一点

— A common command telling someone to tone down their behavior.

你在公共场合能不能收敛一点？

有所收敛

— To have restrained oneself to some degree.

经过警告，他的嚣张气焰有所收敛。

敛容

— To adjust one's facial expression to be more serious or respectful.

听完烈士的事迹，大家不禁敛容致敬。

敛财

— To amass wealth, often through unscrupulous means.

他利用职权大肆敛财。

敛息

— To hold one's breath or stay extremely quiet.

屏气敛息，等待猎物出现。

敛翼

— To fold one's wings; metaphorically, to retire from active life.

老将军晚年敛翼家居，不再过问政事。

敛衽

— A traditional gesture of respect by women (straightening clothes).

她敛衽而礼，显得温婉大方。

收敛性

— The property of convergence in a mathematical sense.

证明该级数的收敛性。

收敛域

— The domain of convergence for a power series.

求该幂级数的收敛域。

强行收敛

— To force convergence or restraint.

他强行收敛住内心的狂喜。

Frequentemente confundido com

收敛 vs 约束

Constraint (usually external rules).

收敛 vs 收缩

Shrink/Contract (usually physical size).

收敛 vs 收藏

To collect/store (as in a collection of art).

Expressões idiomáticas

"收敛锋芒"

— To hide one's talents or brilliance to stay humble or safe.

在高手云集的地方，他选择收敛锋芒。

Literary

"屏气敛息"

— To hold one's breath and stay still, often out of fear or concentration.

全场观众屏气敛息，盯着最后的一投。

Formal

"销声敛迹"

— To stop making noise and hide one's traces; to disappear from public view.

这个犯罪团伙已经销声敛迹很久了。

Formal

"敛容屏气"

— To make a serious face and hold one's breath out of respect or fear.

学生们敛容屏气地走进校长的办公室。

Literary

"敛手待毙"

— To fold one's hands and wait for death; to give up without a fight.

我们不能坐以待毙，更不能敛手待毙。

Literary

"收视反听"

— To stop looking and listening to outside distractions; to focus inwardly.

修行者主张收视反听，回归内心。

Classical

"敛足不前"

— To stop one's steps and not move forward; to be hesitant.

面对困难，他不应该敛足不前。

Literary

"敛骨埋尸"

— To collect bones and bury the dead; a basic humanitarian act.

好心人帮他敛骨埋尸，让他入土为安。

Classical

"聚敛无厌"

— To amass wealth insatiably and greedily.

那个贪官聚敛无厌，最终身败名裂。

Formal

"韬光养晦"

— While not using '收敛' directly, it is the classic idiom for the act of 收敛锋芒.

他在低谷时期韬光养晦，等待时机。

Formal

Fácil de confundir

收敛 vs 收罗

Both start with 'shōu' and involve gathering.

收罗 is about getting more things/people; 收敛 is about pulling back or limiting.

他在到处收罗人才，但行为上却很收敛。

收敛 vs 收拢

Both mean 'to gather in.'

收拢 is usually physical (gathering troops, gathering a net); 收敛 is abstract (behavior, math).

将军收拢了残部，并让士兵们收敛斗志。

收敛 vs 敛财

Uses the same 'liǎn' character.

敛财 specifically means to gather money (often illegally); 收敛 is the verb for restraint.

他忙于敛财，从不收敛自己的贪婪。

收敛 vs 克制

Both mean restraint.

克制 is the active suppression of an immediate impulse; 收敛 is a general narrowing or long-term behavioral change.

他克制住怒火，并决定收敛自己的言行。

收敛 vs 减少

Both involve things becoming less.

减少 is a simple decrease in quantity; 收敛 is a movement toward a limit or a pull-back from excess.

开支减少了，但他的浪费行为并没有收敛。

Padrões de frases

别...，收敛点。

别吵了，收敛点。

...收敛了笑容。

他听了这话，收敛了笑容。

...有所收敛。

他的狂妄态度最近有所收敛。

学会收敛...

你要学会收敛自己的脾气。

趋于收敛

数据在最后阶段趋于收敛。

收敛锋芒

他在新公司刻意收敛锋芒。

收敛于...

所有的矛盾都收敛于这点。

毫不收敛地...

他毫不收敛地展示着他的财富。

Família de palavras

Substantivos

收敛性 (convergence)

收敛剂 (astringent)

敛财 (wealth amassing)

Verbos

收敛 (restrain/converge)

敛 (collect/gather)

收 (receive/gather)

Adjetivos

收敛的 (convergent/restrained)

Relacionado

约束

克制

合拢

缩小

聚集

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Como usar

frequency

Common in middle-to-high level literature, news, and academic Chinese.

Erros comuns

Using '收敛' for 'collecting' items. → 收集 (shōují)
收敛 is for abstract restraint, not for picking up physical things like stamps or trash.
Saying '衣服收敛了' for shrinking clothes. → 衣服缩水了 (suōshuǐ)
收敛 refers to behavior or math, not physical material shrinkage.
Confusing '收敛' with '收容'. → 收容 (shōuróng)
收容 means to take someone in (like a shelter); 收敛 is to restrain oneself.
Using it to mean 'decrease' in temperature. → 下降 (xiàjiàng)
While '收敛' can imply a decrease, it's not used for simple measurements like temperature.
Misusing it as a noun without '性'. → 收敛性 (shōuliǎnxìng)
In math, the property is '收敛性,' not just '收敛.'

Dicas

Verb-Object Pairing

Always remember the classic pair: 收敛笑容. It's the most natural way to use the word in a sentence.

Modesty is Key

In China, '收敛' is a virtue. If someone tells you to '收敛,' they might be trying to protect you from social backlash.

Math vs. Life

Don't be surprised to see this word in a math textbook. It's the only word for 'convergence' in calculus.

Literary Flair

Use it in your writing to describe a sunset ('收敛余晖') for a very sophisticated, poetic feel.

Softening Commands

Add '一点' (a bit) after '收敛' to make a criticism sound slightly less harsh.

Check the Object

If the object is physical, you probably want '收缩' or '收拾.' If it's abstract, '收敛' is likely correct.

Tone Accuracy

The third tone on 'liǎn' is crucial. Practice the dip to distinguish it from 'lián' (even/connect).

Professionalism

In a formal debate, use '收敛' to describe an opponent's narrowing arguments or a theory's focus.

Skincare Labels

Look for '收敛' on Chinese toner bottles; it means it will help shrink your pores.

The 'Inward' Rule

If the action involves moving something from the outside to the inside, '收敛' is your friend.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine you are 'shōu' (gathering) all your 'liǎn' (face/smiles) and putting them into a box to be serious. You are 收敛-ing.

Associação visual

A blooming flower suddenly closing its petals back into a tight bud.

Word Web

restrain converge astringent modesty serious limit gather control

Desafio

Try to go an entire day without bragging about anything; that is the essence of practicing '收敛'.

Origem da palavra

The character '收' (shōu) originally depicted a hand holding a tool to gather crops. '敛' (liǎn) consists of '佥' (all/together) and '攵' (to tap/action), meaning to bring things together into a pile.

Significado original: To gather in the harvest or to collect taxes.

Sino-Tibetan

Contexto cultural

Be careful when telling a superior to '收敛'; it can be seen as an insult or a challenge to their authority.

English speakers often use 'tone it down' or 'pull your head in.' '收敛' is more formal than these idioms.

The concept of 'Convergence' in Calculus (Cauchy sequences). Confucian Analects regarding modesty. Traditional skin toners (Astringents) in Asian beauty routines.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Social behavior

收敛脾气
收敛行为
收敛一点
有所收敛

Mathematics

序列收敛
收敛极限
收敛速度
趋于收敛

Literature/Description

收敛笑容
收敛光芒
收敛心神
敛容

Medicine/Skincare

收敛作用
收敛性爽肤水
收敛止血
收敛剂

Business/Economics

收敛规模
投机收敛
价差收敛
扩张收敛

Iniciadores de conversa

"你觉得一个人在什么时候最需要收敛自己的锋芒？"

"在你的文化里，收敛笑容通常意味着什么？"

"如果一个同事说话太张扬，你会建议他收敛一点吗？"

"你认为随着年龄的增长，人的性格会变得更收敛吗？"

"在数学课上，你觉得理解‘收敛’这个概念难吗？"

Temas para diário

写一段话，描述一个人在听到悲伤的消息后如何收敛笑容。

反思一下，你生活中是否有过因为没有收敛锋芒而遇到麻烦的经历？

讨论一下在现代社交媒体时代，‘收敛’这种美德是否已经过时了。

描述一个你观察到的‘趋于收敛’的自然现象（如夕阳、季节更替）。

如果你是一个领导，你会如何温和地提醒下属收敛他们的傲慢态度？

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Usually, yes. It implies that the previous behavior was 'too much' (too loud, too arrogant, etc.). However, it is neutral in math and medicine.

No. For weight loss, use '减肥' (jiǎnféi) or '瘦了' (shòule). '收敛' does not apply to body weight.

The opposite is '发散' (fāsàn), which means 'divergence'.

No. Use '收拾' (shōushi) or '收集' (shōují) for physical objects like books.

Yes, it is a very common literary phrase used when someone stops smiling because things got serious.

No. Height doesn't '收敛'. If someone gets shorter, you'd say '变矮了'.

It can be. It's like saying 'Tone it down' or 'Behave yourself.' It's best used with friends or subordinates.

You can use it to describe a narrowing gap ('价差收敛') or a reduction in risky expansion ('扩张收敛').

The character '敛' (liǎn) sounds like '脸' (liǎn - face), but they are different characters. However, you can '收敛' your '脸' (expression).

Yes. '收敛' is the verb/adjective, while '收敛性' is the noun meaning 'the property of convergence'.

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