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B1 adjective #2,500 mais comum 8 min de leitura

过度

guodu
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 过度 em 30 segundos
Explicação 过度 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you might not use the word '过度' (guòdù) yet. Instead, you use '太...了' (tài...le) to say something is 'too much.' For example, '太累了' (too tired) or '太多了' (too many). '过度' is a more formal version of this idea. Think of it as 'too much' but for grown-up topics like work or health. Even at this level, you can start to notice that '过' (guò) means 'to pass' or 'too much.' When you see '过度,' just remember it means something has gone past the happy middle point and is now 'too much.' It is usually used with two-character words. For example, '过度劳累' is just a fancy way to say '太累了' in a doctor's office or a news report. Learning this word early helps you transition from 'baby Chinese' to 'adult Chinese.'
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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more formal vocabulary for daily life. '过度' (guòdù) appears in health warnings and school advice. You might see it in phrases like '过度用眼' (using eyes too much/eye strain). At this stage, you should understand that '过度' is an adjective that describes an 'excessive' amount. It is different from '太' because it sounds more serious. If you tell your teacher '我太累了,' it's a personal feeling. If a book says '过度劳累,' it's a general health problem. You can start using it to describe habits, like '过度玩手机' (playing on the phone too much). Just remember: '过度' + [Action/State]. It helps you sound more educated when talking about problems.
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At the B1 level, '过度' (guòdù) becomes a key word for discussing social issues and personal development. This is the level where you move beyond simple descriptions and start analyzing causes and effects. You will use '过度' to talk about '过度包装' (over-packaging) in environmental discussions or '过度消费' (over-consumption) in economic topics. You should also learn to distinguish it from '过分' (guòfèn). While '过分' is for when someone is being mean or unreasonable, '过度' is for when there is simply 'too much' of something, like stress or development. In your writing, using '过度' instead of '太' will immediately raise your score because it shows you can handle formal, abstract concepts. It is a 'bridge' word to higher-level academic Chinese.
At the B2 level, you are expected to use '过度' (guòdù) with precision in essays and debates. You should be comfortable using it in various professional contexts. For example, in a business context, you might discuss '过度扩张' (over-expansion) or '过度竞争' (excessive competition). In a psychological context, you might analyze '过度焦虑' (excessive anxiety). You should also be aware of its grammatical role as an attributive modifier. You will notice that '过度' often appears in the titles of news articles or research papers. At this level, you should also be able to contrast '过度' with '适度' (shìdù - moderate/appropriate). Being able to say '我们应该追求适度，而不是过度' (We should pursue moderation, not excess) shows a high level of linguistic and conceptual control.
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At the C1 level, '过度' (guòdù) is used to describe complex systemic failures and philosophical imbalances. You will encounter it in deep dives into sociology, such as '过度城市化' (over-urbanization) or '过度金融化' (over-financialization). You should understand the nuance of '过度' as a critique of modern rationalism or capitalism. At this level, you don't just use the word; you analyze the '度' (limit) itself. You might discuss how the '过度' of one factor leads to the '匮乏' (deficiency) of another. Your usage should be flawless, integrating '过度' into complex sentence structures with other formal markers like '鉴于' (in view of) or '导致' (lead to). You should also recognize its use in specialized fields like medicine (过度换气) or law (过度干预).
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At the C2 level, '过度' (guòdù) is a tool for nuanced intellectual discourse. You use it to navigate the fine lines of academic theory and high-level policy analysis. You might explore the '过度诠释' (over-interpretation) of classical texts or the '过度行政化' (over-administration) of universities. At this level, you are sensitive to the word's ability to imply a violation of the 'Middle Way' (中庸之道), a core concept in Chinese thought. You can use '过度' to construct sophisticated arguments about the limits of growth, the boundaries of state power, or the ethics of technological intervention. Your mastery is shown not just by using the word, but by knowing exactly when *not* to use it in favor of even more specific terms like '冗余' (redundancy) or '溢出' (spillover).
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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

过度 em 30 segundos

  • Formal term for 'excessive' or 'over-'.
  • Used in health, economics, and social analysis.
  • Suggests a negative impact from crossing a limit.
  • Commonly modifies abstract nouns like stress or consumption.

The term 过度 (guòdù) is a quintessential Chinese adjective and adverb that describes a state where something has surpassed the boundaries of what is considered normal, healthy, or sustainable. In the architectural logic of the Chinese language, the character 过 (guò) signifies 'to pass,' 'to cross,' or 'to exceed,' while 度 (dù) refers to 'degree,' 'limit,' or 'measurement.' Together, they form a concept that translates literally to 'exceeding the measure.' This isn't just about being 'too much' in a simple sense; it carries a weight of consequence, suggesting that the excess leads to negative outcomes or systemic imbalance.

Etymological Root
The character 度 originally depicted a hand measuring a length, emphasizing the importance of standard and proportion in Chinese philosophy.
Semantic Range
It covers physical quantities (over-consumption), psychological states (over-anxiety), and abstract societal trends (over-commercialization).
Connotation
Generally carries a cautionary or critical tone, implying that the 'middle way' (中庸) has been abandoned.

现代人常因过度劳累而导致健康受损。(Modern people often suffer health damage due to excessive fatigue.)

— Example of usage in health contexts

When we analyze 过度, we see it frequently in academic and formal discourse. It is the preferred term when discussing structural issues. For instance, in environmental science, one speaks of 过度开发 (over-development); in economics, 过度消费 (over-consumption); and in psychology, 过度保护 (over-protection). Unlike the colloquial '太' (tài), which is a simple intensifier, 过度 functions as a precise descriptor of a boundary violation.

我们应该警惕对社交媒体的过度依赖。(We should be wary of excessive reliance on social media.)

Philosophical Context
In Chinese culture, the concept of 'degree' (度) is central to harmony. To be '过度' is to disrupt the natural order.
Grammatical Flexibility
It can modify nouns directly or act as an adverbial to modify verbs, though the former is more common in written Chinese.

商品的过度包装造成了巨大的资源浪费。(Excessive packaging of goods has caused a huge waste of resources.)

Ultimately, understanding 过度 requires recognizing its role in the 'Goldilocks zone' of Chinese vocabulary. It defines the 'too much' that leads to 'not enough' (过犹不及). Whether you are writing an essay on urban sprawl or discussing your workout routine, this word provides the necessary formal weight to describe the tipping point of excess.

Mastering 过度 (guòdù) involves understanding its syntactic roles and its specific collocations. Unlike simple adjectives, it often functions as a prefix-like modifier in formal compounds. To use it correctly, one must distinguish between its use as an attributive (modifying a noun) and its use as an adverbial (modifying a verb).

1. As an Attributive (Modifying Nouns)

This is the most common usage. It usually precedes a two-syllable noun that represents a process, a state, or an action. The structure is typically 过度 + Noun. Note that the particle '的' (de) is often omitted in formal writing but can be included for emphasis or rhythm.

  • 过度压力 (Excessive pressure): 这种过度压力会让员工崩溃。
  • 过度包装 (Excessive packaging): 法律应当限制产品的过度包装。
  • 过度开发 (Over-exploitation): 对自然资源的过度开发威胁到生态平衡。

为了追求利润而进行的过度扩张，往往是企业倒闭的主因。(Excessive expansion for the sake of profit is often the main reason for business failure.)

2. As an Adverbial (Modifying Verbs)

When modifying a verb, 过度 describes the manner or extent of the action. It is frequently paired with verbs related to consumption, use, or psychological states. The structure is 过度 + Verb.

  • 过度消费 (To over-consume): 现在的年轻人不应该过度消费。
  • 过度解读 (To over-interpret): 请不要过度解读我的话。
  • 过度依赖 (To over-rely): 孩子不能过度依赖父母。

3. Comparison with '过于' (guòyú)

While both mean 'excessively,' 过于 is typically followed by an adjective (e.g., 过于紧张 - excessively nervous), whereas 过度 is typically followed by a noun or a verb that can function as a noun (e.g., 过度紧张 - excessive tension). 过度 focuses on the 'amount' or 'degree' of a state, while 过于 focuses on the 'intensity' of a quality.

Collocation Rule
Pair '过度' with abstract nouns (stress, development, packaging) and '过于' with descriptive adjectives (humble, optimistic, sensitive).
Formal vs. Informal
'过度' is highly formal and found in news, academic papers, and official reports. In casual speech, '太...了' is more common.

In summary, use 过度 when you want to sound professional and precise about a limit being exceeded. It is the language of analysis, diagnosis, and critique.

The word 过度 (guòdù) is a staple of modern Chinese public discourse. You will encounter it across various media, from health podcasts to economic journals. Its presence signals a shift from simple description to critical analysis.

1. In Health and Wellness Media

This is perhaps the most common context for learners. Health experts frequently warn against modern lifestyles that push the body beyond its limits. You will hear phrases like:

  • 过度劳累 (Guòdù láolèi): Overwork/Excessive fatigue. Often mentioned in discussions about '996' work culture.
  • 过度节食 (Guòdù jiéshí): Excessive dieting. Common in beauty and fitness vlogs.
  • 过度用眼 (Guòdù yòngyǎn): Excessive eye strain. A frequent warning in school and workplace safety.

医生警告说，过度运动可能会对关节造成永久性损伤。(The doctor warned that excessive exercise might cause permanent damage to the joints.)

2. In Economic and Environmental News

Journalists use 过度 to describe unsustainable growth or consumption patterns. It is a key term in the discourse on 'Green Development.'

  • 过度开发 (Guòdù kāifā): Over-development of land or resources.
  • 过度消费 (Guòdù xiāofèi): Over-consumption, often linked to the 'credit card' culture.
  • 过度包装 (Guòdù bāozhuāng): Excessive packaging, a major topic during the Mid-Autumn Festival (mooncakes).

3. In Academic and Psychological Contexts

In research papers or psychological advice columns, 过度 is used to define behavioral extremes.

过度焦虑 (Excessive Anxiety)
Used to describe clinical levels of worry that interfere with daily life.
过度解读 (Over-interpretation)
Common in literary criticism or when discussing social media misunderstandings.

心理学家认为，父母的过度保护会削弱孩子的独立性。(Psychologists believe that parents' over-protection weakens children's independence.)

Whether you are reading a report on 'Over-urbanization' (过度城市化) or listening to a friend complain about 'Over-thinking' (过度思考), the word 过度 serves as the linguistic marker for 'too much of a good (or bad) thing.'

While 过度 (guòdù) is a versatile word, its formal nature and specific grammatical requirements often lead to errors for non-native speakers. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Chinese sound more natural and precise.

1. Confusing '过度' (guòdù) with '过分' (guòfèn)

This is the most frequent error. While both mean 'excessive,' their usage is quite different.

  • 过度: Refers to an objective 'amount' or 'degree' exceeding a limit. It is often used for abstract nouns (stress, consumption).
  • 过分: Refers to behavior, requests, or attitudes that are 'out of line' or 'unreasonable.' It often describes a person's actions.

❌ 你的要求太过度了。(Your request is too excessive - amount focus)
✅ 你的要求太过分了。(Your request is too much/unreasonable - behavior focus)

2. Using '过度' with Simple Adjectives

过度 is a formal word and expects a formal partner. It does not play well with basic, single-syllable adjectives.

  • Wrong: 过度热 (guòdù rè - excessively hot).
  • Correct: 过于炎热 (guòyú yánrè) or 太热了 (tài rè le).

3. Redundancy with '太' (tài)

Because 过度 already implies 'excess,' adding '太' before it is often redundant in formal writing, though it occasionally appears in spoken Chinese for emphasis.

Redundant
太过度劳累 (Too excessively overworked)
Better
过度劳累 (Excessively overworked)

4. Misplacing '过度' as a Verb

过度 is an adjective/adverb, not a verb. It cannot take an object directly unless it is part of a compound noun phrase.

❌ 我们不能过度自然资源。(We cannot 'excessive' natural resources.)
✅ 我们不能过度开发自然资源。(We cannot over-exploit natural resources.)

By keeping these distinctions in mind—especially the 'amount vs. behavior' difference between 过度 and 过分—you will avoid the most common traps that learners fall into.

In Chinese, there are several ways to express the idea of 'excess.' Choosing the right one depends on the register (formal vs. informal) and the specific nature of the excess. Here is how 过度 (guòdù) compares to its synonyms.

1. 过度 (guòdù) vs. 过于 (guòyú)

These are very close but have different grammatical 'neighbors.'

  • 过度: Usually modifies nouns or verbs that act like nouns (过度压力, 过度消费). It focuses on the quantity or degree.
  • 过于: Usually modifies adjectives (过于自信, 过于敏感). It focuses on the intensity of a quality.
Example
他过度(degree)劳累，因为他过于(intensity)勤奋。

2. 过度 (guòdù) vs. 过分 (guòfèn)

This is the most important distinction for social interactions.

  • 过度: Objective, often technical or medical. (过度换气 - hyperventilation).
  • 过分: Subjective, often moral or behavioral. (你说话太过分了 - You've gone too far with what you said).

过度 (Guòdù) is about limits; 过分 (Guòfèn) is about decency.

3. 过度 (guòdù) vs. 极度 (jídù)

极度 means 'extremely' or 'to the utmost degree.' It is more intense than 过度.

  • 过度: 'More than enough' (often negative).
  • 极度: 'At the very peak' (can be negative or positive, but usually negative).

4. 过度 (guòdù) vs. 超出 (chāochū)

超出 is a verb meaning 'to exceed' or 'to go beyond.'

  • 过度: An adjective/adverb describing the state.
  • 超出: The action of crossing the line. (超出了预算 - Exceeded the budget).
Summary Table
过度 = Excessive (Degree)
过于 = Excessively (Intensity)
过分 = Out of line (Behavior)
极度 = Extremely (Peak)

Understanding these subtle differences allows you to move beyond basic Chinese and express complex ideas with the precision of a native speaker.

How Formal Is It?

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5
Escrita 3/5
Expressão oral 3/5

Gramática essencial

Adjectives as attributives

Adverbial modifiers

The '太...了' construction

Formal vs. Informal registers

Noun-verb compounds

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Exemplos por nível

1

不要过度运动。

Don't exercise excessively.

过度 (excessive) + 运动 (exercise).

2

他过度劳累了。

He is overworked.

过度 (excessive) + 劳累 (tired/fatigue).

3

不要过度玩游戏。

Don't play games excessively.

过度 (excessive) + 玩 (play) + 游戏 (games).

4

过度喝咖啡不好。

Drinking coffee excessively is not good.

过度 (excessive) + 喝 (drink) + 咖啡 (coffee).

5

他过度担心考试。

He is excessively worried about the exam.

过度 (excessive) + 担心 (worry).

6

不要过度吃甜食。

Don't eat sweets excessively.

过度 (excessive) + 吃 (eat) + 甜食 (sweets).

7

过度用眼会累。

Excessive eye use will be tiring.

过度 (excessive) + 用眼 (using eyes).

8

他过度保护孩子。

He overprotects the child.

过度 (excessive) + 保护 (protect).

1

医生说他过度肥胖。

The doctor said he is excessively obese.

过度 (excessive) + 肥胖 (obesity).

2

我们要减少过度包装。

We need to reduce excessive packaging.

过度 (excessive) + 包装 (packaging).

3

过度开发森林很危险。

Over-exploiting forests is dangerous.

过度 (excessive) + 开发 (development/exploitation).

4

请不要过度解读他的话。

Please don't over-interpret his words.

过度 (excessive) + 解读 (interpret).

5

过度消费会让人生病。

Over-consumption can make people sick.

过度 (excessive) + 消费 (consumption).

6

过度紧张会影响表现。

Excessive nervousness will affect performance.

过度 (excessive) + 紧张 (nervousness).

7

他过度依赖手机了。

He relies on his phone excessively.

过度 (excessive) + 依赖 (rely on).

8

过度用药对身体有害。

Excessive use of medicine is harmful to the body.

过度 (excessive) + 用药 (medication).

1

这种过度竞争对学生不利。

This excessive competition is bad for students.

过度 (excessive) + 竞争 (competition).

2

我们必须警惕过度城市化。

We must be wary of over-urbanization.

过度 (excessive) + 城市化 (urbanization).

3

过度干预会阻碍孩子成长。

Excessive intervention will hinder a child's growth.

过度 (excessive) + 干预 (intervention).

4

过度捕捞导致鱼类减少。

Overfishing leads to a decrease in fish.

过度 (excessive) + 捕捞 (fishing).

5

他因为过度焦虑而失眠。

He suffers from insomnia due to excessive anxiety.

过度 (excessive) + 焦虑 (anxiety).

6

过度追求完美会带来压力。

Excessive pursuit of perfection brings stress.

过度 (excessive) + 追求 (pursuit).

7

过度放牧破坏了草原。

Overgrazing destroyed the grasslands.

过度 (excessive) + 放牧 (grazing).

8

过度自信往往会导致失败。

Overconfidence often leads to failure.

过度 (excessive) + 自信 (confidence).

1

过度扩张导致了公司的财务危机。

Over-expansion led to the company's financial crisis.

过度 (excessive) + 扩张 (expansion).

2

法律应严厉打击过度包装行为。

The law should severely crack down on excessive packaging.

过度 (excessive) + 包装 (packaging).

3

过度开采地下水引发了地面沉降。

Over-extraction of groundwater caused land subsidence.

过度 (excessive) + 开采 (extraction).

4

过度依赖外贸增加了经济风险。

Over-reliance on foreign trade increased economic risk.

过度 (excessive) + 依赖 (reliance).

5

过度商业化破坏了景区的文化氛围。

Over-commercialization destroyed the cultural atmosphere of the scenic area.

过度 (excessive) + 商业化 (commercialization).

6

过度使用抗生素会产生耐药性。

Overuse of antibiotics will produce drug resistance.

过度 (excessive) + 使用 (use).

7

过度宣传往往会引起消费者的反感。

Excessive promotion often causes consumer resentment.

过度 (excessive) + 宣传 (promotion/publicity).

8

过度集权不利于地方政府的积极性。

Over-centralization is not conducive to the initiative of local governments.

过度 (excessive) + 集权 (centralization).

1

过度金融化是导致全球经济不稳定的诱因之一。

Over-financialization is one of the incentives leading to global economic instability.

过度 (excessive) + 金融化 (financialization).

2

我们应防止行政权力对学术研究的过度干预。

We should prevent excessive intervention of administrative power in academic research.

过度 (excessive) + 干预 (intervention).

3

过度解读经典作品可能会背离作者的本意。

Over-interpreting classic works may deviate from the author's original intention.

过度 (excessive) + 解读 (interpretation).

4

过度医疗不仅浪费资源，还可能损害患者健康。

Over-treatment not only wastes resources but may also harm patient health.

过度 (excessive) + 医疗 (medical treatment).

5

城市规模的过度膨胀带来了严重的“大城市病”。

The excessive expansion of city scale has brought serious 'big city diseases'.

过度 (excessive) + 膨胀 (expansion/swelling).

6

过度娱乐化正在消解严肃的公共讨论。

Over-entertainment is dissolving serious public discussion.

过度 (excessive) + 娱乐化 (entertainmentization).

7

过度维权有时会演变成一种社会戾气。

Excessive rights protection sometimes evolves into a kind of social hostility.

过度 (excessive) + 维权 (rights protection).

8

过度透明化可能会侵犯公民的个人隐私。

Excessive transparency may infringe on the personal privacy of citizens.

过度 (excessive) + 透明化 (transparency).

1

过度实证主义倾向可能导致人文精神的缺失。

A tendency toward excessive positivism may lead to the loss of the humanistic spirit.

过度 (excessive) + 实证主义 (positivism).

2

在全球化背景下，过度民族主义可能引发地缘政治冲突。

In the context of globalization, excessive nationalism may trigger geopolitical conflicts.

过度 (excessive) + 民族主义 (nationalism).

3

过度福利制度在某些国家引发了财政危机和效率低下。

Excessive welfare systems have triggered fiscal crises and inefficiency in some countries.

过度 (excessive) + 福利制度 (welfare system).

4

我们必须反思对技术进步的过度乐观主义。

We must reflect on the excessive optimism regarding technological progress.

过度 (excessive) + 乐观主义 (optimism).

5

过度法律化可能导致社会关系的僵化与冷漠。

Over-legalization may lead to the rigidity and indifference of social relations.

过度 (excessive) + 法律化 (legalization).

6

过度市场化在教育和医疗领域的渗透引起了广泛争议。

The penetration of over-marketization in the fields of education and healthcare has caused widespread controversy.

过度 (excessive) + 市场化 (marketization).

7

过度消费主义是造成当代生态危机的重要根源。

Excessive consumerism is an important root cause of the contemporary ecological crisis.

过度 (excessive) + 消费主义 (consumerism).

8

过度诠释往往反映了批评者自身的意识形态偏见。

Over-interpretation often reflects the ideological biases of the critics themselves.

过度 (excessive) + 诠释 (interpretation).

Sinônimos

过分 极端 超额 过量

Colocações comuns

过度劳累
过度消费
过度包装
过度开发
过度依赖
过度焦虑
过度保护
过度扩张
过度解读
过度医疗

Frases Comuns

过度反应 (Overreaction)
过度换气 (Hyperventilation)
过度疲劳 (Over-fatigue)
过度自信 (Overconfidence)
过度使用 (Overuse)
过度开采 (Over-extraction)
过度商业化 (Over-commercialization)
过度城市化 (Over-urbanization)
过度放牧 (Overgrazing)
过度干预 (Over-intervention)

Frequentemente confundido com

过度 vs 过渡

过度 vs 过分

过度 vs 过于

Expressões idiomáticas

"过犹不及 (Going too far is as bad as not going far enough)"
"矫枉过正 (Overcorrecting a mistake)"
"过目不忘 (Having a photographic memory - uses '过' but not '过度')"
"度日如年 (Days pass like years - uses '度' but not '过度')"
"绰绰有余 (More than enough - positive contrast)"
"适可而止 (Stop at the right moment)"
"贪多嚼不烂 (Biting off more than one can chew)"
"物极必反 (Things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme)"
"满招损，谦受益 (Pride leads to loss, humility brings benefit)"
"细水长流 (Thin streams flow long - sustainable vs. excessive)"

Fácil de confundir

过度 vs

过度 vs

过度 vs

过度 vs

过度 vs

Padrões de frases

Família de palavras

Relacionado

程度 (level)
态度 (attitude)
限度 (limit)
适度 (moderate)
幅度 (range)
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Como usar

Nuance

Implies a negative consequence or an unhealthy state.

Grammar

Cannot be used as a predicate alone (e.g., *这个压力过度). Use '过度' as a modifier.

Erros comuns
  • Using '过度' to describe a person's rude behavior (use '过分').
  • Writing '过渡' (transition) instead of '过度' (excessive).
  • Using '过度' with single-syllable adjectives like '大' or '小'.
  • Saying '太过度' (redundant).
  • Using '过度' as a standalone predicate (e.g., *这个行为过度).

Dicas

Pairing with Nouns

Always pair '过度' with formal, two-syllable nouns for the best result.

Homophone Alert

Be careful not to write '过渡' (transition) when you mean '过度' (excessive).

Academic Tone

Use '过度' to replace '太' in your HSK 5/6 essays to improve your score.

The Middle Way

Remember that '过度' is the enemy of '中庸' (moderation) in Chinese philosophy.

Doctor's Advice

When you hear a doctor say '过度...', pay attention! It usually means a health risk.

Avoid Redundancy

Don't say '太过度'—it's like saying 'too excessively.' Just '过度' is enough.

Tone Practice

Practice the double fourth tone: GUÒ-DÙ. It should sound firm and decisive.

Global Issues

Use '过度' when discussing climate change, e.g., '过度排放' (excessive emissions).

Cause and Effect

'过度' is often the cause in a sentence. '由于过度...，导致了...' is a great pattern.

Visualizing Limits

Imagine a cup overflowing. That overflow is '过度'.

Memorize

Origem da palavra

Contexto cultural

Focus on '过度开发' in national ecological policies.

Moderation is a virtue; excess is a flaw.

Criticism of '996' work culture as '过度加班'.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"你觉得现在的学生压力过度吗？"

"我们该如何避免过度消费？"

"你认为社交媒体会被过度使用吗？"

"过度包装对环境有什么影响？"

"你怎么看待过度医疗的问题？"

Temas para diário

写一写你曾经因为过度劳累而生病的经历。

讨论一下你对“过度保护”这种教育方式的看法。

反思一下你的生活中是否存在过度依赖手机的情况。

如何在一个过度竞争的社会中保持心态平衡？

描述一个你见过的过度包装的产品。

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, '过度' is formal and usually negative. For 'excessively good,' use '太好了' or '过于出色'.

'过度' is about quantity/degree (e.g., stress). '过分' is about behavior being rude or unreasonable.

Yes, in almost all contexts, it implies that a limit has been crossed in a way that is not good.

The most common term is '过度劳累' or '加班过度'.

No, it is an adjective or adverb. You cannot '过度' something; you can '过度开发' something.

Yes, but it is much more formal. '太' is 'too,' '过度' is 'excessive'.

The most direct opposite is '适度' (moderate/appropriate).

Use it to describe risks, like '过度扩张' (over-expansion) or '过度依赖单一市场'.

They are homophones. You must distinguish them by context: '过渡' is about moving between stages.

Yes, very often. For example, '过度换气' (hyperventilation) or '过度肥胖' (obesity).

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